The Cook Partisan Voting Index, abbreviated Cook PVI, CPVI, or PVI, is a measurement of how strongly a United States congressional district or U.S. state leans toward the Democratic or Republican Party, compared to the nation as a whole, based on how that district or state voted in the previous two presidential elections.[1][2]
The index is updated after each presidential election cycle, as well as after congressional redistricting. It is based on the methodology introduced by the Center for Voting and Democracy (now FairVote) for its July 1997 Monopoly Politics report.[3][4]The Cook Political Report first introduced its modified PVI in August 1997 to better gauge the competitiveness of each district using the 1992 and 1996 presidential elections as a baseline.[5] The most recent iteration is the 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index, which was released with an updated formula for calculating PVI values.[6]
The Cook PVI is displayed as a letter, a plus sign, and a number. The letter (either a D for Democratic or an R for Republican) reflects the major party toward which the district (or state) leans. The number reflects the strength of that partisan preference in rounded percentage points. A district or state that "performed within half a point of the national average in either direction" is designated as "Even".[5]
PVIs are calculated by comparing the lead candidate's average share of the two-party presidential vote in the past two presidential elections to the party's national average two-party share for those elections. In 2022, it was updated to weigh the most recent presidential election more heavily than the prior election.[6]
By congressional district
The PVIs for congressional districts are calculated based on the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections.[6] With a PVI of R+1, Michigan's 8th congressional district was determined to be the median congressional district, meaning that exactly 217 districts are more Democratic and 217 are more Republican than this district.[6] As of 2022[update], in the House, there are 222 districts more Republican than the national average, and 206 districts more Democratic than the national average. The number of swing seats, defined as those between D+5 and R+5, is 82.[6]
The PVIs for states are calculated based on the results of the U.S. presidential elections in 2016 and 2020.[7] The table below reflects the current state of Congress and governors, based on the most recent election results.
In the Senate, the most Republican-leaning state to have a Democratic senator is West Virginia (R+22 PVI), represented by Joe Manchin. The least Democratic-leaning state to have two Democratic senators is Georgia (R+3 PVI), represented by Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock. The most Democratic-leaning state to have a Republican senator is Maine (D+2 PVI), represented by Susan Collins. The least Republican-leaning states to have two Republican senators are Florida (R+3 PVI), represented by Marco Rubio and Rick Scott, and North Carolina (R+3 PVI), represented by Ted Budd and Thom Tillis.
^Cillizza, Chris (March 14, 2018). "The differences between real grassroots and "Astroturf" matter". CNN. Retrieved November 29, 2020. Which brings me to the Cook Political Report's Partisan Voting Index or PVI. The goal of the PVI is to compare every congressional district to every other congressional district based on how it has performed in each of the last two presidential elections.
^Benen, Steve (February 7, 2017). "There are 119 Republican House members who should be VERY nervous today". MSNBC. Retrieved November 29, 2020. To get a sense of a congressional district's political leanings, there's a helpful metric called the Partisan Voter Index, or PVI, created 20 years ago by the Cook Political Report.
^. Wayback Archive for FairVote.org. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
^. Archived from the original on September 18, 2021. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
^ ab"The Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI)". The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
^ abcdefghWasserman, David. "Introducing the 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI)". The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
^"2022 Cook PVI: State Map and List". The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
External links
The Cook Political Report
August 21, 2023
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The Cook Partisan Voting Index abbreviated Cook PVI CPVI or PVI is a measurement of how strongly a United States congressional district or U S state leans toward the Democratic or Republican Party compared to the nation as a whole based on how that district or state voted in the previous two presidential elections 1 2 The index is updated after each presidential election cycle as well as after congressional redistricting It is based on the methodology introduced by the Center for Voting and Democracy now FairVote for its July 1997 Monopoly Politics report 3 4 The Cook Political Report first introduced its modified PVI in August 1997 to better gauge the competitiveness of each district using the 1992 and 1996 presidential elections as a baseline 5 The most recent iteration is the 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index which was released with an updated formula for calculating PVI values 6 Contents 1 Calculation and format 2 By congressional district 3 By state 4 Extremes and trends 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksCalculation and format EditThe Cook PVI is displayed as a letter a plus sign and a number The letter either a D for Democratic or an R for Republican reflects the major party toward which the district or state leans The number reflects the strength of that partisan preference in rounded percentage points A district or state that performed within half a point of the national average in either direction is designated as Even 5 PVIs are calculated by comparing the lead candidate s average share of the two party presidential vote in the past two presidential elections to the party s national average two party share for those elections In 2022 it was updated to weigh the most recent presidential election more heavily than the prior election 6 By congressional district EditThe PVIs for congressional districts are calculated based on the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections 6 With a PVI of R 1 Michigan s 8th congressional district was determined to be the median congressional district meaning that exactly 217 districts are more Democratic and 217 are more Republican than this district 6 As of 2022 update in the House there are 222 districts more Republican than the national average and 206 districts more Democratic than the national average The number of swing seats defined as those between D 5 and R 5 is 82 6 District PVIAlabama 1 R 16Alabama 2 R 17Alabama 3 R 19Alabama 4 R 33Alabama 5 R 17Alabama 6 R 18Alabama 7 D 14Alaska at large R 8Arizona 1 R 2Arizona 2 R 6Arizona 3 D 24Arizona 4 D 2Arizona 5 R 11Arizona 6 R 3Arizona 7 D 15Arizona 8 R 10Arizona 9 R 16Arkansas 1 R 22Arkansas 2 R 9Arkansas 3 R 15Arkansas 4 R 20California 1 R 12California 2 D 23California 3 R 4California 4 D 17California 5 R 9California 6 D 7California 7 D 17California 8 D 26California 9 D 5California 10 D 18California 11 D 37California 12 D 40California 13 D 4California 14 D 22California 15 D 28California 16 D 26California 17 D 23California 18 D 21California 19 D 18California 20 R 16California 21 D 9California 22 D 5California 23 R 8California 24 D 13California 25 D 6California 26 D 8California 27 D 4California 28 D 16California 29 D 26California 30 D 23California 31 D 15California 32 D 20California 33 D 12California 34 D 32California 35 D 13California 36 D 21California 37 D 37California 38 D 14California 39 D 12California 40 R 2California 41 R 3California 42 D 22California 43 D 32California 44 D 24California 45 D 2California 46 D 15California 47 D 3California 48 R 9California 49 D 3California 50 D 14California 51 D 12California 52 D 18Colorado 1 D 29Colorado 2 D 17Colorado 3 R 7Colorado 4 R 13Colorado 5 R 9Colorado 6 D 9Colorado 7 D 4Colorado 8 EVENConnecticut 1 D 12Connecticut 2 D 3Connecticut 3 D 7Connecticut 4 D 13Connecticut 5 D 3Delaware at large D 7Florida 1 R 19Florida 2 R 8Florida 3 R 9Florida 4 R 6Florida 5 R 11Florida 6 R 14Florida 7 R 5Florida 8 R 11Florida 9 D 8Florida 10 D 14Florida 11 R 8Florida 12 R 17Florida 13 R 6Florida 14 D 8Florida 15 R 4Florida 16 R 7Florida 17 R 10Florida 18 R 13Florida 19 R 13Florida 20 D 25Florida 21 R 7Florida 22 D 7Florida 23 D 5Florida 24 D 25Florida 25 D 9Florida 26 R 8Florida 27 EVENFlorida 28 R 2Georgia 1 R 9Georgia 2 D 3Georgia 3 R 18Georgia 4 D 27Georgia 5 D 32Georgia 6 R 11Georgia 7 D 10Georgia 8 R 16Georgia 9 R 22Georgia 10 R 15Georgia 11 R 11Georgia 12 R 8Georgia 13 D 28Georgia 14 R 22Hawaii 1 D 14Hawaii 2 D 14Idaho 1 R 22Idaho 2 R 14Illinois 1 D 20Illinois 2 D 19Illinois 3 D 20Illinois 4 D 22Illinois 5 D 18Illinois 6 D 3Illinois 7 D 36Illinois 8 D 6Illinois 9 D 19Illinois 10 D 11Illinois 11 D 5Illinois 12 R 24Illinois 13 D 3Illinois 14 D 4Illinois 15 R 22Illinois 16 R 13Illinois 17 D 2Indiana 1 D 3Indiana 2 R 14Indiana 3 R 18Indiana 4 R 18Indiana 5 R 11Indiana 6 R 19Indiana 7 D 19Indiana 8 R 19Indiana 9 R 16Iowa 1 R 3Iowa 2 R 4Iowa 3 R 3Iowa 4 R 16Kansas 1 R 18Kansas 2 R 11Kansas 3 R 1Kansas 4 R 14Kentucky 1 R 24Kentucky 2 R 21Kentucky 3 D 9Kentucky 4 R 19Kentucky 5 R 32Kentucky 6 R 9Louisiana 1 R 23Louisiana 2 D 25Louisiana 3 R 21Louisiana 4 R 14Louisiana 5 R 17Louisiana 6 R 19Maine 1 D 9Maine 2 R 6Maryland 1 R 11Maryland 2 D 7Maryland 3 D 10Maryland 4 D 40Maryland 5 D 15Maryland 6 D 2Maryland 7 D 30Maryland 8 D 29Massachusetts 1 D 9Massachusetts 2 D 13Massachusetts 3 D 11Massachusetts 4 D 12Massachusetts 5 D 23Massachusetts 6 D 11Massachusetts 7 D 35Massachusetts 8 D 15Massachusetts 9 D 6Michigan 1 R 13Michigan 2 R 16Michigan 3 D 1Michigan 4 R 5Michigan 5 R 15Michigan 6 D 11Michigan 7 R 2Michigan 8 R 1Michigan 9 R 18Michigan 10 R 3Michigan 11 D 7Michigan 12 D 23Michigan 13 D 23Minnesota 1 R 7Minnesota 2 D 1Minnesota 3 D 8Minnesota 4 D 17Minnesota 5 D 30Minnesota 6 R 12Minnesota 7 R 19Minnesota 8 R 8Mississippi 1 R 18Mississippi 2 D 11Mississippi 3 R 15Mississippi 4 R 22Missouri 1 D 27Missouri 2 R 7Missouri 3 R 16Missouri 4 R 23Missouri 5 D 11Missouri 6 R 21Missouri 7 R 24Missouri 8 R 28Montana 1 R 6Montana 2 R 16Nebraska 1 R 9Nebraska 2 EVENNebraska 3 R 29Nevada 1 D 3Nevada 2 R 8Nevada 3 D 1Nevada 4 D 3New Hampshire 1 EVENNew Hampshire 2 D 2New Jersey 1 D 10New Jersey 2 R 5New Jersey 3 D 5New Jersey 4 R 14New Jersey 5 D 4New Jersey 6 D 8New Jersey 7 R 1New Jersey 8 D 22New Jersey 9 D 8New Jersey 10 D 30New Jersey 11 D 6New Jersey 12 D 12New Mexico 1 D 5New Mexico 2 D 1New Mexico 3 D 4New York 1 R 3New York 2 R 3New York 3 D 2New York 4 D 5New York 5 D 30New York 6 D 15New York 7 D 31New York 8 D 26New York 9 D 25New York 10 D 35New York 11 R 6New York 12 D 34New York 13 D 38New York 14 D 28New York 15 D 35New York 16 D 20New York 17 D 3New York 18 D 1New York 19 EVENNew York 20 D 7New York 21 R 9New York 22 D 1New York 23 R 12New York 24 R 11New York 25 D 7New York 26 D 9North Carolina 1 D 2North Carolina 2 D 12North Carolina 3 R 15North Carolina 4 D 16North Carolina 5 R 13North Carolina 6 D 4North Carolina 7 R 8North Carolina 8 R 20North Carolina 9 R 6North Carolina 10 R 22North Carolina 11 R 8North Carolina 12 D 13North Carolina 13 R 2North Carolina 14 D 6North Dakota at large R 20Ohio 1 D 2Ohio 2 R 25Ohio 3 D 20Ohio 4 R 20Ohio 5 R 15Ohio 6 R 16Ohio 7 R 7Ohio 8 R 14Ohio 9 R 3Ohio 10 R 4Ohio 11 D 28Ohio 12 R 18Ohio 13 R 1Ohio 14 R 9Ohio 15 R 6Oklahoma 1 R 14Oklahoma 2 R 29Oklahoma 3 R 24Oklahoma 4 R 19Oklahoma 5 R 12Oregon 1 D 18Oregon 2 R 15Oregon 3 D 22Oregon 4 D 4Oregon 5 D 2Oregon 6 D 4Pennsylvania 1 EVENPennsylvania 2 D 20Pennsylvania 3 D 39Pennsylvania 4 D 7Pennsylvania 5 D 14Pennsylvania 6 D 5Pennsylvania 7 R 2Pennsylvania 8 R 4Pennsylvania 9 R 21Pennsylvania 10 R 5Pennsylvania 11 R 13Pennsylvania 12 D 8Pennsylvania 13 R 25Pennsylvania 14 R 18Pennsylvania 15 R 21Pennsylvania 16 R 13Pennsylvania 17 EVENRhode Island 1 D 12Rhode Island 2 D 4South Carolina 1 R 7South Carolina 2 R 8South Carolina 3 R 21South Carolina 4 R 12South Carolina 5 R 12South Carolina 6 D 14South Carolina 7 R 11South Dakota at large R 16Tennessee 1 R 30Tennessee 2 R 18Tennessee 3 R 19Tennessee 4 R 22Tennessee 5 R 9Tennessee 6 R 17Tennessee 7 R 10Tennessee 8 R 21Tennessee 9 D 22Texas 1 R 26Texas 2 R 15Texas 3 R 11Texas 4 R 16Texas 5 R 14Texas 6 R 15Texas 7 D 13Texas 8 R 16Texas 9 D 26Texas 10 R 13Texas 11 R 23Texas 12 R 12Texas 13 R 26Texas 14 R 17Texas 15 R 1Texas 16 D 17Texas 17 R 14Texas 18 D 23Texas 19 R 26Texas 20 D 15Texas 21 R 13Texas 22 R 11Texas 23 R 5Texas 24 R 10Texas 25 R 19Texas 26 R 13Texas 27 R 13Texas 28 D 3Texas 29 D 18Texas 30 D 27Texas 31 R 14Texas 32 D 14Texas 33 D 24Texas 34 D 9Texas 35 D 21Texas 36 R 18Texas 37 D 24Texas 38 R 12Utah 1 R 12Utah 2 R 11Utah 3 R 13Utah 4 R 16Vermont at large D 16Virginia 1 R 6Virginia 2 R 2Virginia 3 D 17Virginia 4 D 16Virginia 5 R 7Virginia 6 R 14Virginia 7 D 1Virginia 8 D 26Virginia 9 R 23Virginia 10 D 6Virginia 11 D 18Washington 1 D 13Washington 2 D 9Washington 3 R 5Washington 4 R 11Washington 5 R 8Washington 6 D 6Washington 7 D 36Washington 8 D 1Washington 9 D 21Washington 10 D 7West Virginia 1 R 23West Virginia 2 R 22Wisconsin 1 R 3Wisconsin 2 D 19Wisconsin 3 R 4Wisconsin 4 D 25Wisconsin 5 R 14Wisconsin 6 R 10Wisconsin 7 R 12Wisconsin 8 R 10Wyoming at large R 25By state EditThe PVIs for states are calculated based on the results of the U S presidential elections in 2016 and 2020 7 The table below reflects the current state of Congress and governors based on the most recent election results State PVI Party ofgovernor Partyin Senate HousebalanceAlabama R 15 Republican Republican 6R 1DAlaska R 8 Republican Republican 1DArizona R 2 Democratic Democratic 6R 3DArkansas R 16 Republican Republican 4RCalifornia D 13 Democratic Democratic 40D 12RColorado D 4 Democratic Democratic 5D 3RConnecticut D 7 Democratic Democratic 5DDelaware D 7 Democratic Democratic 1DFlorida R 3 Republican Republican 20R 8DGeorgia R 3 Republican Democratic 9R 5DHawaii D 14 Democratic Democratic 2DIdaho R 18 Republican Republican 2RIllinois D 7 Democratic Democratic 14D 3RIndiana R 11 Republican Republican 7R 2DIowa R 6 Republican Republican 4RKansas R 10 Democratic Republican 3R 1DKentucky R 16 Democratic Republican 5R 1DLouisiana R 12 Democratic Republican 5R 1DMaine D 2 Democratic Both 2DMaryland D 14 Democratic Democratic 7D 1RMassachusetts D 15 Democratic Democratic 9DMichigan R 1 Democratic Democratic 7D 6RMinnesota D 1 Democratic Democratic 4D 4RMississippi R 11 Republican Republican 3R 1DMissouri R 10 Republican Republican 6R 2DMontana R 11 Republican Both 2RNebraska R 13 Republican Republican 3RNevada R 1 Republican Democratic 3D 1RNew Hampshire D 1 Republican Democratic 2DNew Jersey D 6 Democratic Democratic 9D 3RNew Mexico D 3 Democratic Democratic 3DNew York D 10 Democratic Democratic 15D 11RNorth Carolina R 3 Democratic Republican 7D 7RNorth Dakota R 20 Republican Republican 1ROhio R 6 Republican Both 10R 5DOklahoma R 20 Republican Republican 5ROregon D 6 Democratic Democratic 4D 2RPennsylvania R 2 Democratic Democratic 9D 8RRhode Island D 8 Democratic Democratic 2DSouth Carolina R 8 Republican Republican 6R 1DSouth Dakota R 16 Republican Republican 1RTennessee R 14 Republican Republican 8R 1DTexas R 5 Republican Republican 25R 13DUtah R 13 Republican Republican 4RVermont D 16 Republican Democratic 1DVirginia D 3 Republican Democratic 6D 5RWashington D 8 Democratic Democratic 8D 2RWest Virginia R 22 Republican Both 2RWisconsin R 2 Democratic Both 6R 2DWyoming R 25 Republican Republican 1R Includes an independent senator who caucuses with the Democrats Extremes and trends EditThe two most Democratic districts in the nation are California s 12th based in Oakland and Maryland s 4th based in the D C suburbs of Prince George s County both with a PVI value of D 40 6 The most Republican district in the nation is Alabama s 4th R 33 6 With a Cook PVI value of R 25 Wyoming is the most Republican state in the nation At D 16 Vermont is the most Democratic state though Washington D C is substantially more Democratic with a PVI value of D 43 6 In the Senate the most Republican leaning state to have a Democratic senator is West Virginia R 22 PVI represented by Joe Manchin The least Democratic leaning state to have two Democratic senators is Georgia R 3 PVI represented by Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock The most Democratic leaning state to have a Republican senator is Maine D 2 PVI represented by Susan Collins The least Republican leaning states to have two Republican senators are Florida R 3 PVI represented by Marco Rubio and Rick Scott and North Carolina R 3 PVI represented by Ted Budd and Thom Tillis See also EditPolitical party strength in U S states Psephology the statistical analysis of elections Two party preferred voteReferences Edit Cillizza Chris March 14 2018 The differences between real grassroots and Astroturf matter CNN Retrieved November 29 2020 Which brings me to the Cook Political Report s Partisan Voting Index or PVI The goal of the PVI is to compare every congressional district to every other congressional district based on how it has performed in each of the last two presidential elections Benen Steve February 7 2017 There are 119 Republican House members who should be VERY nervous today MSNBC Retrieved November 29 2020 To get a sense of a congressional district s political leanings there s a helpful metric called the Partisan Voter Index or PVI created 20 years ago by the Cook Political Report Monopoly Politics Wayback Archive for FairVote org Archived from the original on January 18 2022 Retrieved June 22 2023 Charlie Cook New Study Identifies 75 Seats That Should Be In Play for 98 Election Archived from the original on September 18 2021 Retrieved June 22 2023 a b The Cook Partisan Voting Index Cook PVI The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter Retrieved July 13 2022 a b c d e f g h Wasserman David Introducing the 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index Cook PVI The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter Retrieved July 13 2022 2022 Cook PVI State Map and List The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter Retrieved July 19 2022 External links EditThe Cook Political Report Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cook Partisan Voting Index amp oldid 1161465664, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
