The Indian classical languages, or the Shastriya Bhasha or the Semmozhi, is an umbrella term for the languages of India having high antiquity, and valuable, original and distinct literary heritage.[1] The Republic of India officially recognises six languages as the Classical languages of India. In 2004, the Government of India declared that languages that met certain strict criteria could be accorded the status of a "Classical Language" of India.[2] It was instituted by the Ministry of Culture along with the Linguistic Experts' Committee. The committee was constituted by the Government of India to consider demands for the categorisation of languages as Classical languages.
In the year 2004, the tentative criteria for the age of antiquity of "classical language" was assumed to be at least 1000 years of existence.[3]
In a 2006 press release, Minister of Tourism and Culture Ambika Soni told the Rajya Sabha the following criteria were laid down to determine the eligibility of languages to be considered for classification as a "Classical Language",[4][1]
High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500–2000 years.
A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers
The literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community.
The classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots.
Benefitsedit
As per Government of India's Resolution No. 2-16/2004-US (Akademies) dated 1 November 2004, the benefits that will accrue to a language declared as a "Classical Language" are:[5]
Two major international awards for scholars of eminence in Classical Indian Languages are awarded annually.
A Centre of Excellence for Studies in Classical Languages is set up.
The University Grants Commission will be requested to create, to start with at least in the Central Universities, a certain number of Professional Chairs for Classical Languages for scholars of eminence in Classical Indian Languages.[6]
This section is about the languages which are described as "classical" by scholars but still not officially recognised as "classical" by the Government of India. These languages may either have administrative "official language" or "scheduled language" statuses, but these should not be confused with the official "classical language" status.
Pali language is a classical language which is liturgical to the Theravada Buddhism. Originated from the Northern India, it is closely related to the Old Indo-Aryan, Vedic Sanskrit but is not considered to be an offshoot or a direct descendent of Sanskrit. Historically, Pali came to widespread usage because Buddha taught that the vernacular should be used for writings of Buddhism. Pali writings existed as early as 1st century BCE, and oral transmission is considered to be in existence since 3rd century BCE.[27]
^ ab"Notification" (PDF). 25 November 2005. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
^Jain, Dhanesh (2007). "Sociolinguistics of the Indo-Aryan languages". In George Cardona; Dhanesh Jain (eds.). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. pp. 47–66, 51. ISBN978-1-135-79711-9.
^"Kannada inscription at Talagunda may replace Halmidi as oldest".
^ ab. Press Information Bureau. Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Government of India. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2008.
^"Classifying Odia as classical Language". PIB. 20 February 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
^Singh, Binay (5 May 2013). "Removal of Pali as UPSC subject draws criticism". The Times of India. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
^"Didi, Naveen face-off over classical language status". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
^"Bangla O Bangla Bhasha Banchao Committee". www.facebook.com. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
^Clara Lewis (16 April 2018). "Clamour grows for Marathi to be given classical language status". The Times of India.
^"Marathi may become classical language". The Indian Express. 4 July 2013.
^Jagran Team (9 July 2021). "बिहार की एक भी भाषा अब तक नहीं बनी शास्त्रीय भाषा, मैथिली हो सकता शामिल". Jagran.
^"Manipur steps up to renew push for inclusion of Manipuri among India's classical languages (time duration of the movement)". Imphal Free Press. The movement for recognizing Manipuri as a classical language began in 2013, yet there has been a gap in the follow up actions.
^"MP for classical language status : 23rd sep20 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". e-pao.net.
^"Process for recognising Manipuri as classical language of India underway: MP Sanajaoba". Imphal Free Press.
^"Pāli language | Theravada Buddhism, Pali Canon, India | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-10-25. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
^"'Manipur language which belongs to Tibeto-Burma has touched the criteria of a classical language'". 2018-02-21.
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This article is about officially recognised classical languages in India For general classical languages see classical language This article contains Indic text Without proper rendering support you may see question marks or boxes misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text The Indian classical languages or the Shastriya Bhasha or the Semmozhi is an umbrella term for the languages of India having high antiquity and valuable original and distinct literary heritage 1 The Republic of India officially recognises six languages as the Classical languages of India In 2004 the Government of India declared that languages that met certain strict criteria could be accorded the status of a Classical Language of India 2 It was instituted by the Ministry of Culture along with the Linguistic Experts Committee The committee was constituted by the Government of India to consider demands for the categorisation of languages as Classical languages Contents 1 Criteria 2 Benefits 3 Officially recognised classical languages 4 Demand from other languages 4 1 Pali 4 2 Meitei 5 See also 6 ReferencesCriteria editIn the year 2004 the tentative criteria for the age of antiquity of classical language was assumed to be at least 1000 years of existence 3 In a 2006 press release Minister of Tourism and Culture Ambika Soni told the Rajya Sabha the following criteria were laid down to determine the eligibility of languages to be considered for classification as a Classical Language 4 1 High antiquity of its early texts recorded history over a period of 1500 2000 years A body of ancient literature texts which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers The literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community The classical language and literature being distinct from modern there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots Benefits editAs per Government of India s Resolution No 2 16 2004 US Akademies dated 1 November 2004 the benefits that will accrue to a language declared as a Classical Language are 5 Two major international awards for scholars of eminence in Classical Indian Languages are awarded annually A Centre of Excellence for Studies in Classical Languages is set up The University Grants Commission will be requested to create to start with at least in the Central Universities a certain number of Professional Chairs for Classical Languages for scholars of eminence in Classical Indian Languages 6 Officially recognised classical languages editLanguage Earliest attestation Date recognised தம ழ Tamil 450 BCE 7 12 October 2004 8 स स क तम Sanskrit Not attested in writing until the 1st century BCE 9 25 November 2005 8 ಕನ ನಡ Kannada 370 CE 10 11 31 October 2008 12 త ల గ Telugu 575 CE 13 31 October 2008 12 മലയ ള Malayalam 830 CE 14 23 May 2013 15 ଓଡ ଆ Odia 10th 11th century CE 16 20 February 2014 17 Demand from other languages editThis section is about the languages which are described as classical by scholars but still not officially recognised as classical by the Government of India These languages may either have administrative official language or scheduled language statuses but these should not be confused with the official classical language status Demands have been made for other languages to be officially accorded Classical status including Pali 18 Bengali 19 20 Marathi 21 22 Maithili 23 and Manipuri 24 25 26 Pali edit Further information Pali Canon Pali language is a classical language which is liturgical to the Theravada Buddhism Originated from the Northern India it is closely related to the Old Indo Aryan Vedic Sanskrit but is not considered to be an offshoot or a direct descendent of Sanskrit Historically Pali came to widespread usage because Buddha taught that the vernacular should be used for writings of Buddhism Pali writings existed as early as 1st century BCE and oral transmission is considered to be in existence since 3rd century BCE 27 Meitei edit Further information Ancient Meitei literature and Meitei classical language movement Meitei or Manipuri is a classical language of Sino Tibetan linguistic family having a literary tradition of not less than 2000 years 28 29 See also editIndian classical dance Indian classical musicReferences edit a b Reviving classical languages Latest News amp Updates at Daily News amp Analysis Dnaindia com 13 August 2015 Retrieved 28 December 2017 India sets up classical languages BBC 17 September 2004 Retrieved 1 May 2007 India sets up classical languages BBC 2004 09 17 CLASSICAL LANGUAGE STATUS TO KANNADA Press Information Bureau Government of India 8 August 2006 Archived from the original on 18 January 2012 Retrieved 6 November 2008 Classical Status to Odiya Language Press Information Bureau Government of India 14 August 2013 Retrieved 18 January 2023 Classical Status to Oriya Language Pib nic in Press release 14 August 2013 Archived from the original on 12 January 2014 Tamil language Origin History amp Facts Britannica www britannica com 2023 11 03 Retrieved 2023 11 09 a b Notification PDF 25 November 2005 Retrieved 21 January 2024 Jain Dhanesh 2007 Sociolinguistics of the Indo Aryan languages In George Cardona Dhanesh Jain eds The Indo Aryan Languages Routledge pp 47 66 51 ISBN 978 1 135 79711 9 Kannada language History Script amp Dialects Britannica www britannica com 2023 10 10 Retrieved 2023 11 09 Kannada inscription at Talagunda may replace Halmidi as oldest a b Declaration of Telugu and Kannada as classical languages Press Information Bureau Ministry of Tourism and Culture Government of India Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 Retrieved 31 October 2008 Telugu language Origin History amp Facts Britannica www britannica com 2023 11 01 Retrieved 2023 11 09 Malayalam language Dravidian India Scripts Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2023 11 09 Classifying Malaylam as Classical Language PIB 23 May 2013 Retrieved 21 January 2024 Odia language Region History amp Basics Britannica www britannica com 2023 10 13 Retrieved 2023 11 09 Classifying Odia as classical Language PIB 20 February 2014 Retrieved 21 January 2024 Singh Binay 5 May 2013 Removal of Pali as UPSC subject draws criticism The Times of India Retrieved 20 February 2014 Didi Naveen face off over classical language status The New Indian Express Retrieved 2020 02 12 Bangla O Bangla Bhasha Banchao Committee www facebook com Archived from the original on 2022 02 26 Retrieved 2020 02 12 Clara Lewis 16 April 2018 Clamour grows for Marathi to be given classical language status The Times of India Marathi may become classical language The Indian Express 4 July 2013 Jagran Team 9 July 2021 ब ह र क एक भ भ ष अब तक नह बन श स त र य भ ष म थ ल ह सकत श म ल Jagran Manipur steps up to renew push for inclusion of Manipuri among India s classical languages time duration of the movement Imphal Free Press The movement for recognizing Manipuri as a classical language began in 2013 yet there has been a gap in the follow up actions MP for classical language status 23rd sep20 E Pao Headlines e pao net Process for recognising Manipuri as classical language of India underway MP Sanajaoba Imphal Free Press Pali language Theravada Buddhism Pali Canon India Britannica www britannica com 2023 10 25 Retrieved 2023 11 09 Manipur language which belongs to Tibeto Burma has touched the criteria of a classical language 2018 02 21 Manipuri is a classical language Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Classical languages of India amp oldid 1221011450, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
