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Capetian dynasty

June 18, 2023

For the "Direct Capetians", who ruled France from 987 to 1328, see House of Capet.

The Capetian dynasty (/kəˈpiːʃən/; French: Capétiens), also known as the "House of France", is a dynasty of Frankish origin, and a branch of the Robertians. It is among the largest and oldest royal houses in Europe and the world, and consists of Hugh Capet, the founder of the dynasty, and his male-line descendants, who ruled in France without interruption from 987 to 1792, and again from 1814 to 1848. The senior line ruled in France as the House of Capet from the election of Hugh Capet in 987 until the death of Charles IV in 1328. That line was succeeded by cadet branches, the Houses of Valois and then Bourbon, which ruled without interruption until the French Revolution abolished the monarchy in 1792. The Bourbons were restored in 1814 in the aftermath of Napoleon's defeat, but had to vacate the throne again in 1830 in favor of the last Capetian monarch of France, Louis Philippe I, who belonged to the House of Orléans. Cadet branches of the Capetian House of Bourbon house are still reigning over Spain and Luxembourg.

House of Capet

One variation of the Capetian Armorial
Parent houseRobertians
CountryFrance
Founded987; 1036 years ago (987)
FounderHugh Capet
Current headLouis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou
Titles
List
Cadet branchesSee below

The dynasty had a crucial role in the formation of the French state. Initially obeyed only in their own demesne, the Île-de-France, the Capetian kings slowly but steadily increased their power and influence until it grew to cover the entirety of their realm. For a detailed narration on the growth of French royal power, see Crown lands of France.

Members of the dynasty were traditionally Catholic, and the early Capetians had an alliance with the Church. The French were also the most active participants in the Crusades, culminating in a series of five Crusader kings – Louis VII, Philip Augustus, Louis VIII, Louis IX, and Philip III. The Capetian alliance with the papacy suffered a severe blow after the disaster of the Aragonese Crusade. Philip III's son and successor, Philip IV, humiliated Pope Boniface VIII and brought the papacy under French control. The later Valois, starting with Francis I, ignored religious differences and allied with the Ottoman sultan to counter the growing power of the Holy Roman Empire. Henry IV was a Protestant at the time of his accession, but realized the necessity of conversion after four years of religious warfare.

The Capetians generally enjoyed a harmonious family relationship. By tradition, younger sons and brothers of the king of France were given appanages for them to maintain their rank and to dissuade them from claiming the French crown itself. When Capetian cadets did aspire for kingship, their ambitions were directed not at the French throne, but at foreign thrones. As a result, the Capetians have reigned at different times in the kingdoms of Spain, Poland, Aragon, Portugal, Navarre, and as emperors of the Brazilian and Latin empires.

In modern times, King Felipe VI of Spain is a member of this family, while Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg is related to the family by agnatic kinship; both through the Bourbon branch of the dynasty. Along with the House of Habsburg, arguably its greatest historic rival, it was one of the two oldest European royal dynasties. It was also one of the most powerful royal families in European history, having played a pre-eminent role in its politics for much of its existence.

Name origins and usage

The name of the dynasty derives from its founder, Hugh, who was known as "Hugh Capet".[2] The meaning of "Capet" (a nickname rather than a surname of the modern sort) is unknown. While folk etymology identifies it with "cape", other suggestions indicate it might be connected to the Latin word caput ("head"), and explain it as meaning "chief" or "head".[citation needed]

Historians in the 19th century (see House of France) came to apply the name "Capetian" to both the ruling house of France and to the wider-spread male-line descendants of Hugh Capet. It was not a contemporary practice. The name "Capet" has also been used as a surname for French royalty, particularly but not exclusively those of the House of Capet. One notable use was during the French Revolution, when the dethroned King Louis XVI (a member of the House of Bourbon and a direct male-line descendant of Hugh Capet) and Queen Marie Antoinette (a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine) were referred to as "Louis and Antoinette Capet" (the queen being addressed as "the Widow Capet" after the execution of her husband).

Capetian miracle

 
12th-century portrait of Hugh Capet. His direct descendants ruled France for many centuries.

The Capetian Miracle (French: Miracle capétien) refers to the dynasty's ability to attain and hold onto the French crown.[3][page needed]

In 987, Hugh Capet was elected to succeed Louis V of the Carolingian dynasty that had ruled France for over three centuries. By a process of associating elder sons with them in the kingship, the early Capetians established the hereditary succession in their family and transformed a theoretically electoral kingship into a sacral one. By the time of Philip II Augustus, who became king in 1180, the Capetian hold on power was so strong that the practice of associate kingship was dropped. While the Capetian monarchy began as one of the weakest in Europe, drastically eclipsed by the new Anglo-Norman realm in England (who, as dukes of Normandy, were technically their vassals) and even other great lords of France, the political value of orderly succession in the Middle Ages cannot be overstated. The orderly succession of power from father to son over such a long period of time meant that the French monarchs, who originally were essentially just the direct rulers of the Île-de-France, were able to preserve and extend their power, while over the course of centuries the great peers of the realm would eventually lose their power in one succession crisis or another.

By comparison, the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem was constantly beset with internal succession disputes because each generation only produced female heirs who tended to die young. Even the English monarchy encountered severe succession crises, such as The Anarchy of the 1120s between Stephen and Matilda, and the murder of Arthur I, Duke of Brittany, the primogeniture heir of Richard I of England. The latter case would deal a severe blow to the prestige of King John, leading to the eventual destruction of Angevin hegemony in France. In contrast, the French kings were able to maintain uncontested father-to-son succession from the time of Hugh Capet until the succession crisis which began the Hundred Years' War of the 14th century.

The Robertians and before

Main article: Robertians

The dynastic surname now used to describe Hugh Capet's family prior to his election as King of France is "Robertians" or "Robertines." The name is derived from the family's first certain ancestor, Robert the Strong (b. 820), the count of Paris. Robert was probably son of Robert III of Worms (b. 800) and grandson of Robert of Hesbaye (b. 770). The Robertians probably originated in the county Hesbaye, around Tongeren in modern-day Belgium. The sons of Robert the Strong were Odo and Robert, who both ruled as king of Western Francia. The family became Counts of Paris under Odo and Dukes of the Franks under Robert, possessing large parts of Neustria.

In the late 9th century, King Robert I, grandfather of Hugh Capet, married Beatrice of Vermandois, a direct descendent of Charlemagne, thus making the Capetian dynasty a cadet branch of the Carolingian dynasty.[4][5]

The Carolingian dynasty ceased to rule France upon the death of Louis V. After the death of Louis V, the son of Hugh the Great, Hugh Capet, was elected by the nobility as king of France. Hugh was crowned at Noyon on 3 July 987 with the full support from Holy Roman Emperor Otto III. With Hugh's coronation, a new era began for France, and his descendants came to be named the Capetians, with the Capetian dynasty and its cadet branches such as the House of Valois ruling France for more than 800 years (987–1848, with some interruptions[note 1].

Robertian family branches

Capetians through history

Over the succeeding centuries, Capetians spread throughout Europe, ruling every form of provincial unit from kingdoms to manors.

Salic law

Salic law, reestablished during the Hundred Years' War from an ancient Frankish tradition, caused the French monarchy to permit only male (agnatic) descendants of Hugh to succeed to the throne of France.

Without Salic law, upon the death of John I, the crown would have passed to his half-sister, Joan (later Joan II of Navarre). However, Joan's paternity was suspect due to her mother's adultery in the Tour de Nesle Affair; the French magnates adopted Salic law to avoid the succession of a possible bastard.

In 1328, King Charles IV of France died without male heirs, as his brothers did before him. Philip of Valois, the late king's first cousin, acted as regent, pending the birth of the king's posthumous child, which proved to be a girl. Isabella of France, sister of Charles IV, claimed the throne for her son, Edward III of England. The English king did not find support among the French lords, who made Philip of Valois their king. From then on the French succession not only excluded females but also rejected claims based on the female line of descent.

Thus the French crown passed from the House of Capet after the death of Charles IV to Philip VI of France of the House of Valois, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty,

  • then to Louis II, Duke of Orléans, of the Orléans branch of the Valois, who became Louis XII of France,
  • then to Francis, Duke of Valois, Count of Angoulème, who became Francis I of France, and his descendants, of the Orléans-Angoulème,
  • then to Henry III of Navarre, who became Henry IV of France, of the House of Bourbon, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty.

This did not affect monarchies not under that law such as Portugal, Spain, Navarre, and various smaller duchies and counties. Therefore, many royal families appear and disappear in the French succession or become cadet branches upon marriage. A complete list of the senior-most line of Capetians is available below.

Capetian cadet branches

The Capetian Dynasty has been broken many times into (sometimes rival) cadet branches. A cadet branch is a line of descent from another line than the senior-most. This list of cadet branches shows most of the Capetian cadet lines and designating their royal French progenitor, although some sub-branches are not shown.

See also: Armorial of the Capetian dynasty

Descendants of Philip III of France

Descendants of Louis IX of France

Descendants of Louis VIII of France

Descendants of Louis VI of France

Descendants of Henry I of France

Descendants of Robert II of France

Sovereigns from the Capetian dynasty

Latin Empire

Kingdom of Albania

Kingdom of Etruria

Kingdom of France

Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Naples

Kingdom of Navarre

Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom and County of Portugal

Kingdom of Sicily

Kingdom of Spain

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

Duchy of Brabant

Duchy of Brittany

Duchy of Burgundy

Duchy of Lorraine

Duchy of Lucca

Duchy of Luxemburg

Duchy of Milan

Duchy of Parma

Principality of Achaea

Principality of Taranto

Marquisate of Namur

Illegitimate descent

Empire of Brazil

Kingdom of Portugal

Senior Capets

Throughout most of history, the Senior Capet and the King of France were synonymous terms. Only in the time before Hugh Capet took the crown for himself and after the reign of Charles X is there a distinction such that the senior Capet must be identified independently from succession to the French Crown. However, since primogeniture and the Salic law provided for the succession of the French throne for most of French history, here is a list of all the French kings from Hugh until Charles, and all the Legitimist pretenders thereafter. All dates are for seniority, not reign.

King of France:

Legitimist Pretenders:

The Capetian dynasty today

Many years have passed since the Capetian monarchs ruled a large part of Europe; however, they still remain as kings, as well as other titles. Currently two Capetian monarchs still rule in Spain and Luxembourg. In addition, seven pretenders represent exiled dynastic monarchies in Brazil, France, Spain, Portugal, Parma and Two Sicilies. The current legitimate, senior family member is Louis-Alphonse de Bourbon, known by his supporters as Duke of Anjou, who also holds the Legitimist (Blancs d'Espagne) claim to the French throne. Overall, dozens of branches of the Capetian dynasty still exist throughout Europe.

Except for the House of Braganza (founded by an illegitimate son of King John I of Portugal, who was himself illegitimate), all current major Capetian branches are of the Bourbon cadet branch. Within the House of Bourbon, many of these lines are themselves well-defined cadet lines of the House.

Current Capetian rulers

Current Capetian pretenders

Arms of cadet branches

Main article: List of coats of arms of the Capetian dynasty
Arms of branches founded before Philip Augustus
 
House of Burgundy
 
House of Vermandois
 
House of Dreux
 
House of Courtenay
Arms of branches founded after Philip Augustus
 
House of Artois
 
House of Anjou
 
House of Bourbon
 
House of Valois
 
House of Évreux

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Specific periods of reign are 888–898, 922–923, 987–1792, 1814–1815, and 1815–1848 – the more-than-800-year uninterrupted period 987–1792 forming the bulk.

References

  1. ^ According to the Convention of Fontainbleau
  2. ^ Bradbury, Jim (27 February 2007). The Capetians: Kings of France 987-1328. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8264-2491-4.
  3. ^ Naus 2016.
  4. ^ Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafeln 10, 11
  5. ^ Pierre Riché, The Carolingians; A Family Who Forged Europe, trans. Michael Idomir Allen (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), pp. 371, 375

Works cited

  • Naus, James (2016). Constructing kingship : the Capetian monarchs of France and the early Crusades. Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719090974.

Further reading

  • Ingmar Krause: Konflikt und Ritual im Herrschaftsbereich der frühen Capetinger – Untersuchungen zur Darstellung und Funktion symbolischen Verhaltens. (in German). Rhema-Verlag, Münster 2006, ISBN 978-3-930454-62-4
  • Fawtier, Robert. The Capetian Kings of France: Monarchy & Nation (987–1328). Macmillan, 1960. (translated from French edition of 1941)
  • Hallam, Elizabeth M. Capetian France 987–1328. Longman, 1980.
  • Le Hête, Thierry. Les Capetiens: Le Livre du Millenaire. Editions Christian, 1987.

External links

  • Genealogies of the Capetian dynasty from Genealogy.eu
  • Capetian Kings: Chart of 148 Kings, France, Spain, England, etc, 500 yr timeline and wiki links

June 18, 2023
capetian, dynasty, direct, capetians, ruled, france, from, 1328, house, capet, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations,. For the Direct Capetians who ruled France from 987 to 1328 see House of Capet This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations January 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Capetian dynasty k e ˈ p iː ʃ en French Capetiens also known as the House of France is a dynasty of Frankish origin and a branch of the Robertians It is among the largest and oldest royal houses in Europe and the world and consists of Hugh Capet the founder of the dynasty and his male line descendants who ruled in France without interruption from 987 to 1792 and again from 1814 to 1848 The senior line ruled in France as the House of Capet from the election of Hugh Capet in 987 until the death of Charles IV in 1328 That line was succeeded by cadet branches the Houses of Valois and then Bourbon which ruled without interruption until the French Revolution abolished the monarchy in 1792 The Bourbons were restored in 1814 in the aftermath of Napoleon s defeat but had to vacate the throne again in 1830 in favor of the last Capetian monarch of France Louis Philippe I who belonged to the House of Orleans Cadet branches of the Capetian House of Bourbon house are still reigning over Spain and Luxembourg House of CapetOne variation of the Capetian ArmorialParent houseRobertiansCountryFranceFounded987 1036 years ago 987 FounderHugh CapetCurrent headLouis Alphonse Duke of AnjouTitlesList Latin Emperor of Constantinople Emperor of Brazil Emperor of Bulgaria King of France King of Spain King of Portugal King of Navarre King of Aragon King of Arles King of Thessalonica King of Croatia King of Dalmatia King of Galicia and Lodomeria King of Jerusalem King of Castile King of the Two Sicilies King of Naples King of Northern Lusitania 1 King of Sicily King of Sardinia King of Hungary King of Poland King of Albania King of Etruria King Consort of Scotland Queen Consort of England Queen Consort of Scotland Prince of Andorra Prince of Achaea Prince of Conde Prince of Conti Prince of La Roche sur Yon Prince of Taranto Prince of Viana Prince of Neuchatel Prince of Salerno Prince of Orleans Braganza Prince Imperial of Brazil Prince of Grao Para Prince of Brazil First Prince of the blood Prince of Beira Prince Royal Despot of Romania Grand Duke of Lithuania Grand Duke of Luxembourg Dauphin of Viennois Duke of Alencon Duke of Angouleme Duke of Anjou Duke of Ansola Duke of Apulia Duke of Aquitaine Duke of Berry Duke of Bourbon Duke of Brabant Duke of Brittany Duke of Braganza Duke of Burgundy Duke of Calabria Duke of Chatellerault Duke of Durazzo Duke of Durcal Duke of Enghien Duke of Guelders Duke of Hernani Duke of Limburg Duke of Lorraine Duke of Lucca Duke of Luxembourg Duke of Marchena Duke of Milan Duke of Montpensier Duke of Nemours Duke of Normandy Duke of Orleans Duke of Parma Duke of Slavonia Duke of Touraine Duke of Transylvania Duke of Vendome Duke of Piacenza Duke of Guastalla Margrave of Namur Count Palatine of Burgundy Count of Alencon Count of Angouleme Count of Anjou Count of Alais Count of Artois Count of Barcelona Count of Busset Count of Champagne Count of Charolais Count of Chartres Count of Clermont Count of Dreux Count of Etampes Count of Eu Count of Evreux Count of Flanders Count of Forcalquier Count of Gravina Count of Hainaut Count of Holland Count of La Marche Count of Longueville Count of Maine Count of Montpensier Count of Mortain Count of Nevers Count of Penthievre Count of Perche Count of Pezenas Count of Poitiers Count of Portugal Count of Provence Earl of Richmond Count of Soissons Count of Toulouse Count of Tours Count of Valois Count of Vendome Count of Vermandois Count of Vertus Count of ZeelandCadet branchesSee belowThe dynasty had a crucial role in the formation of the French state Initially obeyed only in their own demesne the Ile de France the Capetian kings slowly but steadily increased their power and influence until it grew to cover the entirety of their realm For a detailed narration on the growth of French royal power see Crown lands of France Members of the dynasty were traditionally Catholic and the early Capetians had an alliance with the Church The French were also the most active participants in the Crusades culminating in a series of five Crusader kings Louis VII Philip Augustus Louis VIII Louis IX and Philip III The Capetian alliance with the papacy suffered a severe blow after the disaster of the Aragonese Crusade Philip III s son and successor Philip IV humiliated Pope Boniface VIII and brought the papacy under French control The later Valois starting with Francis I ignored religious differences and allied with the Ottoman sultan to counter the growing power of the Holy Roman Empire Henry IV was a Protestant at the time of his accession but realized the necessity of conversion after four years of religious warfare The Capetians generally enjoyed a harmonious family relationship By tradition younger sons and brothers of the king of France were given appanages for them to maintain their rank and to dissuade them from claiming the French crown itself When Capetian cadets did aspire for kingship their ambitions were directed not at the French throne but at foreign thrones As a result the Capetians have reigned at different times in the kingdoms of Spain Poland Aragon Portugal Navarre and as emperors of the Brazilian and Latin empires In modern times King Felipe VI of Spain is a member of this family while Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg is related to the family by agnatic kinship both through the Bourbon branch of the dynasty Along with the House of Habsburg arguably its greatest historic rival it was one of the two oldest European royal dynasties It was also one of the most powerful royal families in European history having played a pre eminent role in its politics for much of its existence Contents 1 Name origins and usage 2 Capetian miracle 3 The Robertians and before 3 1 Robertian family branches 4 Capetians through history 4 1 Salic law 4 2 Capetian cadet branches 4 2 1 Descendants of Philip III of France 4 2 2 Descendants of Louis IX of France 4 2 3 Descendants of Louis VIII of France 4 2 4 Descendants of Louis VI of France 4 2 5 Descendants of Henry I of France 4 2 6 Descendants of Robert II of France 4 3 Sovereigns from the Capetian dynasty 4 3 1 Latin Empire 4 3 2 Kingdom of Albania 4 3 3 Kingdom of Etruria 4 3 4 Kingdom of France 4 3 5 Kingdom of Hungary 4 3 6 Kingdom of Naples 4 3 7 Kingdom of Navarre 4 3 8 Kingdom of Poland 4 3 9 Kingdom and County of Portugal 4 3 10 Kingdom of Sicily 4 3 11 Kingdom of Spain 4 3 12 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 4 3 13 Grand Duchy of Lithuania 4 3 14 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 4 3 15 Duchy of Brabant 4 3 16 Duchy of Brittany 4 3 17 Duchy of Burgundy 4 3 18 Duchy of Lorraine 4 3 19 Duchy of Lucca 4 3 20 Duchy of Luxemburg 4 3 21 Duchy of Milan 4 3 22 Duchy of Parma 4 3 23 Principality of Achaea 4 3 24 Principality of Taranto 4 3 25 Marquisate of Namur 4 4 Illegitimate descent 4 4 1 Empire of Brazil 4 4 2 Kingdom of Portugal 5 Senior Capets 6 The Capetian dynasty today 6 1 Current Capetian rulers 6 2 Current Capetian pretenders 7 Arms of cadet branches 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 10 1 Works cited 11 Further reading 12 External linksName origins and usage EditThe name of the dynasty derives from its founder Hugh who was known as Hugh Capet 2 The meaning of Capet a nickname rather than a surname of the modern sort is unknown While folk etymology identifies it with cape other suggestions indicate it might be connected to the Latin word caput head and explain it as meaning chief or head citation needed Historians in the 19th century see House of France came to apply the name Capetian to both the ruling house of France and to the wider spread male line descendants of Hugh Capet It was not a contemporary practice The name Capet has also been used as a surname for French royalty particularly but not exclusively those of the House of Capet One notable use was during the French Revolution when the dethroned King Louis XVI a member of the House of Bourbon and a direct male line descendant of Hugh Capet and Queen Marie Antoinette a member of the House of Habsburg Lorraine were referred to as Louis and Antoinette Capet the queen being addressed as the Widow Capet after the execution of her husband Capetian miracle Edit 12th century portrait of Hugh Capet His direct descendants ruled France for many centuries The Capetian Miracle French Miracle capetien refers to the dynasty s ability to attain and hold onto the French crown 3 page needed In 987 Hugh Capet was elected to succeed Louis V of the Carolingian dynasty that had ruled France for over three centuries By a process of associating elder sons with them in the kingship the early Capetians established the hereditary succession in their family and transformed a theoretically electoral kingship into a sacral one By the time of Philip II Augustus who became king in 1180 the Capetian hold on power was so strong that the practice of associate kingship was dropped While the Capetian monarchy began as one of the weakest in Europe drastically eclipsed by the new Anglo Norman realm in England who as dukes of Normandy were technically their vassals and even other great lords of France the political value of orderly succession in the Middle Ages cannot be overstated The orderly succession of power from father to son over such a long period of time meant that the French monarchs who originally were essentially just the direct rulers of the Ile de France were able to preserve and extend their power while over the course of centuries the great peers of the realm would eventually lose their power in one succession crisis or another By comparison the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem was constantly beset with internal succession disputes because each generation only produced female heirs who tended to die young Even the English monarchy encountered severe succession crises such as The Anarchy of the 1120s between Stephen and Matilda and the murder of Arthur I Duke of Brittany the primogeniture heir of Richard I of England The latter case would deal a severe blow to the prestige of King John leading to the eventual destruction of Angevin hegemony in France In contrast the French kings were able to maintain uncontested father to son succession from the time of Hugh Capet until the succession crisis which began the Hundred Years War of the 14th century The Robertians and before EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources France Robertian dynasty news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Main article Robertians The dynastic surname now used to describe Hugh Capet s family prior to his election as King of France is Robertians or Robertines The name is derived from the family s first certain ancestor Robert the Strong b 820 the count of Paris Robert was probably son of Robert III of Worms b 800 and grandson of Robert of Hesbaye b 770 The Robertians probably originated in the county Hesbaye around Tongeren in modern day Belgium The sons of Robert the Strong were Odo and Robert who both ruled as king of Western Francia The family became Counts of Paris under Odo and Dukes of the Franks under Robert possessing large parts of Neustria In the late 9th century King Robert I grandfather of Hugh Capet married Beatrice of Vermandois a direct descendent of Charlemagne thus making the Capetian dynasty a cadet branch of the Carolingian dynasty 4 5 The Carolingian dynasty ceased to rule France upon the death of Louis V After the death of Louis V the son of Hugh the Great Hugh Capet was elected by the nobility as king of France Hugh was crowned at Noyon on 3 July 987 with the full support from Holy Roman Emperor Otto III With Hugh s coronation a new era began for France and his descendants came to be named the Capetians with the Capetian dynasty and its cadet branches such as the House of Valois ruling France for more than 800 years 987 1848 with some interruptions note 1 Robertian family branches Edit Rodbert Ingerman of Hesbaye Ermengarde of Hesbaye wife of Louis the Pious Cancor founder of the Lorsch Abbey Heimrich 795 count in the Lahngau Poppo of Grapfeld 839 41 ancestor of the Frankish House of Babenberg Landrada Saint Chrodogang Archbishop of Metz Abbot of the Lorsch Abbey Robert of Hesbaye Robert III of Worms Robert the Strong Odo king of Western Francia Richildis married to a count of Troyes Robert king of Western Francia Emma married Rudolph of Burgundy Adela married Herbert II Count of Vermandois Hugh the Great Hugh Capet founder House of Capet Hadwig married Reginar IV Count of Mons Robert II Otto Henry Odo Beatrix married Frederick of Bar Emma married Richard I of Normandy Herbert bishop of AuxerreCapetians through history EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed September 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Hugh Capet s line from the Genealogy of the Third Lineage of King of the Franks Over the succeeding centuries Capetians spread throughout Europe ruling every form of provincial unit from kingdoms to manors Salic law Edit Salic law reestablished during the Hundred Years War from an ancient Frankish tradition caused the French monarchy to permit only male agnatic descendants of Hugh to succeed to the throne of France Without Salic law upon the death of John I the crown would have passed to his half sister Joan later Joan II of Navarre However Joan s paternity was suspect due to her mother s adultery in the Tour de Nesle Affair the French magnates adopted Salic law to avoid the succession of a possible bastard In 1328 King Charles IV of France died without male heirs as his brothers did before him Philip of Valois the late king s first cousin acted as regent pending the birth of the king s posthumous child which proved to be a girl Isabella of France sister of Charles IV claimed the throne for her son Edward III of England The English king did not find support among the French lords who made Philip of Valois their king From then on the French succession not only excluded females but also rejected claims based on the female line of descent Thus the French crown passed from the House of Capet after the death of Charles IV to Philip VI of France of the House of Valois a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty then to Louis II Duke of Orleans of the Orleans branch of the Valois who became Louis XII of France then to Francis Duke of Valois Count of Angouleme who became Francis I of France and his descendants of the Orleans Angouleme then to Henry III of Navarre who became Henry IV of France of the House of Bourbon a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty This did not affect monarchies not under that law such as Portugal Spain Navarre and various smaller duchies and counties Therefore many royal families appear and disappear in the French succession or become cadet branches upon marriage A complete list of the senior most line of Capetians is available below Capetian cadet branches Edit The Capetian Dynasty has been broken many times into sometimes rival cadet branches A cadet branch is a line of descent from another line than the senior most This list of cadet branches shows most of the Capetian cadet lines and designating their royal French progenitor although some sub branches are not shown Hugh Capet Robert II of France Henry I of France Philip I of France Louis VI of France Louis VII of France Philip II of France Louis VIII of France Louis IX of France Philip III of France Philip IV of France House of Valois House of Evreux House of Bourbon House of Artois House of Anjou House of Dreux House of Courtenay House of Vermandois House of Burgundy See also Armorial of the Capetian dynasty Descendants of Philip III of France Edit House of Valois 1293 1498 House of Valois Orleans 1392 1515 House of Orleans Angouleme 1407 1589 House of Valois Anjou 1356 1481 House of Valois Burgundy 1364 1477 House of Burgundy Brabant 1404 1430 House of Burgundy Nevers 1404 1491 House of Valois Alencon 1325 1525 House of Evreux 1303 1400 House of Evreux Navarre 1328 1425 Descendants of Louis IX of France Edit House of Bourbon 1268 1503 House of Bourbon Montpensier counts 1443 1527 House of Bourbon La Marche 1356 1438 House of Bourbon Vendome became Royal House of France in 1589 House of Artois 1775 1883 House of Bourbon Spanish branch 1700 present Carlists 1819 1936 Alfonsines 1819 present House of Bourbon Anjou 1933 present House of Bourbon Spanish royal family 1933 present House of Bourbon Seville 1823 House of Bourbon Two Sicilies 1751 present House of Bourbon Braganza 1752 1979 House of Bourbon Parma 1748 present Parma Luxembourg called House of Nassau Weilburg 1919 present House of Orleans 1661 Orleans Nemours then 1891 House of Orleans Braganza 1864 present Orleans Alencon 1844 1970 Orleans Aumale 1822 1872 Orleans Montpensier then House of Orleans Galliera 1824 present House of Bourbon Conde 1557 1830 House of Bourbon Conti 1629 1814 House of Bourbon Soissons 1569 1641 House of Bourbon Montpensier dukes 1477 1608 House of Bourbon Carency 1393 1520 House of Bourbon Duisant 1457 1530 House of Bourbon Preaux 1385 1429 Descendants of Louis VIII of France Edit House of Artois 1237 1472 House of Anjou initially ruling house of Sicily then of Naples became ruling house of Hungary 1247 1382 House of Anjou Naples 1309 1343 House of Anjou Taranto 1294 1374 House of Anjou Durazzo 1309 1414 Descendants of Louis VI of France Edit House of Dreux 1137 1345 Breton House of Dreux 1213 1341 House of Montfort 1322 1488 Capetian House of Courtenay 1150 1727 Capetian House of Courtenay Latin Emperors of Constantinople 1217 1283 Descendants of Henry I of France Edit Capetian House of Vermandois 1085 1212 Descendants of Robert II of France Edit House of Burgundy 1032 1361 Portuguese House of Burgundy 1109 1383 House of Aviz 1385 1580 illegitimate male line descent from Burgundy House of Braganza 1442 present illegitimate male line descent from Aviz House of Cadaval 1645 present the male line went extinct in 2001Sovereigns from the Capetian dynasty Edit Latin Empire Edit Peter 1216 1217 Robert 1219 1228 Baldwin II 1228 1273 exiled in 1261 Philip I 1273 1283 Catherine I 1283 1307 Catherine II 1307 1346 Robert II 1346 1364 Philip II 1364 1374 Kingdom of Albania Edit Charles I 1272 1285 Charles II 1285 1294 Philip 1294 1331 Robert 1331 1332 John 1332 1336 Charles III 1336 1348 Joan I 1348 1368 Louis 1376 1383 Kingdom of Etruria Edit Louis 1801 1803 Charles Louis 1803 1807 Kingdom of France Edit Hugh 987 996 Robert II 996 1031 Henry I 1031 1060 Philip I 1060 1108 Louis VI 1108 1137 Louis VII 1137 1180 Philip II 1180 1223 Louis VIII 1223 1226 Louis IX 1226 1270 Philip III 1270 1285 Philip IV 1285 1314 Louis X 1314 1316 John I 1316 Philip V 1316 1322 Charles IV 1322 1328 Philip VI 1328 1350 John II 1350 1364 Charles V 1364 1380 Charles VI 1380 1422 Charles VII 1422 1461 Louis XI 1461 1483 Charles VIII 1483 1498 Louis XII 1498 1515 Francis I 1515 1547 Henry II 1547 1559 Francis II 1559 1560 Charles IX 1560 1574 Henry III 1574 1589 Henry IV 1589 1610 Louis XIII 1610 1643 Louis XIV 1643 1715 Louis XV 1715 1774 Louis XVI 1774 1792 Louis XVIII 1814 1815 1815 1824 Charles X 1824 1830 Louis Philip 1830 1848 Kingdom of Hungary Edit Charles I 1310 1342 Louis I 1342 1382 Mary 1382 1385 1386 1395 Charles II 1385 1386 Kingdom of Naples Edit Charles I 1266 1285 Charles II 1285 1309 Robert 1309 1343 Joan I 1343 1382 Charles III 1382 1386 Ladislas 1386 1414 Joan II 1414 1435 Rene I 1435 1442 Philip 1700 1707 Charles VII 1735 1759 Ferdinand IV 1759 1816 Kingdom of Navarre Edit Philip I 1284 1305 Louis I 1305 1316 John I 1316 1316 Philip II 1316 1322 Charles I 1322 1328 Joan II 1328 1349 Philip III 1328 1343 Charles II 1349 1387 Charles III 1387 1425 Blanche I 1425 1441 Anthony 1555 1562 Henry III 1572 1610 Louis II 1610 1643 Louis III 1643 1715 Louis IV 1715 1774 Louis V 1774 1792 Louis VII 1814 1815 1815 1824 Charles V 1824 1830 Louis Philip 1830 1848 Kingdom of Poland Edit Louis 1370 1382 Hedwig 1384 1399 Henry 1573 1574 Kingdom and County of Portugal Edit Henry 1093 1112 Alphonse I 1112 1185 crowned in 1139 Sancho I 1185 1211 Alphonse II 1211 1223 Sancho II 1223 1247 Alphonse III 1247 1279 Denis 1279 1325 Alphonse IV 1325 1357 Peter I 1357 1367 Ferdinand I 1367 1383 Kingdom of Sicily Edit Charles I 1266 1282 Philip 1700 1713 Charles VII 1735 1759 Ferdinand III 1759 1816 Kingdom of Spain Edit Philip V 1700 1724 1724 1746 Louis I 1724 Ferdinand VI 1746 1759 Charles III 1759 1788 Charles IV 1788 1808 1808 Ferdinand VII 1808 1813 1833 Isabella II 1833 1868 Alphonse XII 1874 1885 Alphonse XIII 1886 1931 John Charles I 1975 2014 Philip VI 2014 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Edit Ferdinand I 1816 1825 Francis I 1825 1830 Ferdinand II 1830 1859 Francis II 1859 1860 Grand Duchy of Lithuania Edit Henry 1573 1574 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Edit Jean 1964 2000 Henri 2000 Duchy of Brabant Edit Anthony 1406 1415 John IV 1415 1427 Philip I 1427 1430 Philip II 1430 1467 Charles 1467 1477 Mary 1477 1482 Duchy of Brittany Edit Peter I 1213 1237 John I 1237 1286 John II 1286 1305 Arthur II 1305 1316 John III 1312 1341 John IV 1341 1345 John V 1364 1399 John VI 1399 1442 Francis I 1442 1450 Peter II 1450 1457 Arthur III 1457 1458 Francis II 1458 1488 Anne 1488 1514 Claude 1514 1524 Francis III 1514 1524 Francis IV 1524 1536 Henry 1536 1547 Duchy of Burgundy Edit Otto of Paris 956 965 Odo Henry 965 1002 Henry I 1026 1032 Robert I 1032 1076 Hugh I 1076 1079 Odo I 1079 1103 Hugh II 1103 1143 Odo II 1143 1162 Hugh III 1162 1192 Odo III 1192 1218 Hugh IV 1218 1272 Robert II 1272 1306 Hugh V 1306 1315 Charles the Bold as a boy stands next to his father Philip the Good c 1447 8 Odo IV 1315 1349 Philip I 1349 1361 John I 1361 1363 Philip II 1363 1404 John II 1404 1419 Philip III 1419 1467 Charles 1467 1477 Mary 1477 1482 Duchy of Lorraine Edit Rene I 1431 1453 John II 1453 1470 Nicholas I 1470 1473 Yolande 1473 1473 Duchy of Lucca Edit Maria Louisa 1815 1824 Charles 1824 1847 Duchy of Luxemburg Edit Anthony 1411 1415 Philip I 1443 1467 Charles 1467 1477 Mary 1477 1482 Philip V 1700 1712 Duchy of Milan Edit Louis I 1499 1512 Francis II 1515 1521 Philip IV 1700 1714 Duchy of Parma Edit Charles I 1731 1735 Philip 1748 1765 Ferdinand 1765 1802 Charles II 1847 1849 Charles III 1849 1854 Robert I 1854 1859 Principality of Achaea Edit Charles I 1278 1285 Charles II 1285 1289 Philip I 1307 1313 Louis 1313 1316 Robert I 1318 1322 Robert II 1333 1364 Catherine II 1333 1346 Philip II 1364 1373 Joan I 1373 1381 Charles III 1383 1386 Principality of Taranto Edit Charles I 1266 1285 Charles II 1285 1294 Philip I 1294 1331 Robert II 1331 1346 1362 1364 Louis 1346 1362 Philip II 1362 1374 Ladislaus 1406 1414 James 1414 1420 Marquisate of Namur Edit Philip II 1212 1226 Henry II 1226 1229 Margaret 1229 1237 Baldwin II 1237 1256 Philip IV 1421 1467 Charles I 1467 1477 Mary I 1477 1482 Illegitimate descent Edit Empire of Brazil Edit Peter I 1822 1831 Peter II 1831 1889 Kingdom of Portugal Edit John I 1385 1433 Edward 1433 1438 Alphonse V 1438 1481 John II 1481 1495 Manuel I 1495 1521 John III 1521 1557 Sebastian 1557 1578 Henry 1578 1580 Anthony 1580 1580 disputed John IV 1640 1656 Alphonse VI 1656 1683 Peter II 1683 1706 John V 1706 1750 Joseph I 1750 1777 Peter III 1777 1786 Mary I 1777 1816 John VI 1816 1826 Peter IV 1826 1826 Mary II 1826 1828 1834 1853 Michael I 1828 1834 Senior Capets EditThroughout most of history the Senior Capet and the King of France were synonymous terms Only in the time before Hugh Capet took the crown for himself and after the reign of Charles X is there a distinction such that the senior Capet must be identified independently from succession to the French Crown However since primogeniture and the Salic law provided for the succession of the French throne for most of French history here is a list of all the French kings from Hugh until Charles and all the Legitimist pretenders thereafter All dates are for seniority not reign King of France Hugh King of France 987 996 Robert II King of France 996 1031 Henry I King of France 1031 1060 Philip I King of France 1060 1108 Louis VI King of France 1108 1137 Louis VII King of France 1137 1180 Philip II King of France 1180 1223 Louis VIII King of France 1223 1226 Louis IX King of France 1226 1270 Philip III King of France 1271 1285 Philip IV King of France 1285 1314 Louis X King of France 1314 1316 John I King of France 1316 1316 Philip V King of France 1316 1322 Charles IV King of France 1322 1328 Philip VI King of France 1328 1350 John II King of France 1350 1364 Charles V King of France 1364 1380 Charles VI King of France 1380 1422 Charles VII King of France 1422 1461 Louis XI King of France 1461 1483 Charles VIII King of France 1483 1498 Louis XII King of France 1498 1515 Francis I King of France 1515 1547 Henry II King of France 1547 1559 Francis II King of France 1559 1560 Charles IX King of France 1560 1574 Henry III King of France 1574 1589 Henry IV King of France 1589 1610 Louis XIII King of France 1610 1643 Louis XIV King of France 1643 1715 Louis XV King of France 1715 1774 Louis XVI King of France 1774 1793 Louis XVII King of France 1793 1795 Louis XVIII King of France 1795 1824 Charles X King of France 1824 1836 Legitimist Pretenders Louis Anthony Duke of Angouleme 1836 1844 Henry Count of Chambord 1844 1883 John Count of Montizon 1883 1887 Charles Duke of Madrid 1887 1909 James Duke of Anjou and Madrid 1909 1931 Alphonse Charles Duke of San Jaime 1931 1936 Alphonse XIII King of Spain 1936 1941 James Henry Duke of Anjou and Segovia 1941 1975 Alphonse Duke of Anjou and Cadiz 1975 1989 Louis Alphonse Duke of Anjou 1989 The Capetian dynasty today EditMany years have passed since the Capetian monarchs ruled a large part of Europe however they still remain as kings as well as other titles Currently two Capetian monarchs still rule in Spain and Luxembourg In addition seven pretenders represent exiled dynastic monarchies in Brazil France Spain Portugal Parma and Two Sicilies The current legitimate senior family member is Louis Alphonse de Bourbon known by his supporters as Duke of Anjou who also holds the Legitimist Blancs d Espagne claim to the French throne Overall dozens of branches of the Capetian dynasty still exist throughout Europe Except for the House of Braganza founded by an illegitimate son of King John I of Portugal who was himself illegitimate all current major Capetian branches are of the Bourbon cadet branch Within the House of Bourbon many of these lines are themselves well defined cadet lines of the House Current Capetian rulers Edit Henri Grand Duke of Luxembourg since 2000 Felipe VI King of Spain since 2014 Current Capetian pretenders Edit Louis Alphonse Duke of Anjou Legitimist pretender to the Kingdom of France since 1989 Prince Pedro Duke of Calabria Calabrian pretender to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies since 2015 Prince Carlo Duke of Castro Castroist pretender to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies since 2008 Carlos Duke of Parma pretender to the Duchy of Parma since 2010 and one of the Carlist pretender to the Kingdom of Spain since 2010 Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon Parma the other Carlist pretenders to the Kingdom of Spain since 1979 Jean Count of Paris Orleanist pretender to the Kingdom of France since 2019 Prince Pedro Carlos of Orleans Braganza Petropolis pretender to the Empire of Brazil since 2007 Prince Bertrand of Orleans Braganza Vassouras pretender to the Empire of Brazil since 2022 Duarte Pio Duke of Braganza pretender to the Kingdom of Portugal since 1976 Balthazar Napoleon IV de Bourbon Raja of Bhopal of the Bourbon Bhopal Dynasty Philippe Count of Chalus of Bourbon BussetArms of cadet branches EditMain article List of coats of arms of the Capetian dynasty Arms of branches founded before Philip Augustus House of Burgundy House of Vermandois House of Dreux House of Courtenay Arms of branches founded after Philip Augustus House of Artois House of Anjou House of Bourbon House of Valois House of EvreuxSee also EditFrench monarchs family tree Genealogiae scriptoris Fusniacensis Capetian ArmorialNotes Edit Specific periods of reign are 888 898 922 923 987 1792 1814 1815 and 1815 1848 the more than 800 year uninterrupted period 987 1792 forming the bulk References Edit According to the Convention of Fontainbleau Bradbury Jim 27 February 2007 The Capetians Kings of France 987 1328 Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 978 0 8264 2491 4 Naus 2016 Detlev Schwennicke Europaische Stammtafeln Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europaischen Staaten Neue Folge Band II Marburg Germany J A Stargardt 1984 Tafeln 10 11 Pierre Riche The Carolingians A Family Who Forged Europe trans Michael Idomir Allen Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press 1993 pp 371 375 Works cited Edit Naus James 2016 Constructing kingship the Capetian monarchs of France and the early Crusades Manchester University Press ISBN 9780719090974 Further reading EditIngmar Krause Konflikt und Ritual im Herrschaftsbereich der fruhen Capetinger Untersuchungen zur Darstellung und Funktion symbolischen Verhaltens in German Rhema Verlag Munster 2006 ISBN 978 3 930454 62 4 Fawtier Robert The Capetian Kings of France Monarchy amp Nation 987 1328 Macmillan 1960 translated from French edition of 1941 Hallam Elizabeth M Capetian France 987 1328 Longman 1980 Le Hete Thierry Les Capetiens Le Livre du Millenaire Editions Christian 1987 External links EditGenealogies of the Capetian dynasty from Genealogy eu Capetian Kings Chart of 148 Kings France Spain England etc 500 yr timeline and wiki links Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Capetian dynasty amp oldid 1158603116, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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