fbpx
Wikipedia

Prince du sang

April 29, 2023

"Prince of the blood" redirects here. For the novel by Raymond E. Feist, see Prince of the Blood (novel).

A prince du sang (French pronunciation: ​[pʁɛ̃s dy sɑ̃], Prince of the Blood) is a person legitimately descended in male line from a sovereign. The female equivalent was princess of the blood, being applied to the daughter of a prince of the blood. The most prominent examples include members of the French royal line, but the term prince of the blood has been used in other families more generally, for example among the British royal family and when referring to the Shinnōke in Japan.

Heraldic coronet of a prince du sang in the Kingdom of France

In some European kingdoms, especially France, this appellation was a specific rank in its own right, with a more restricted use than other titles.

History

Under the House of Capet of France, the monarchy was feudal, and the younger sons and grandsons of kings did not have rights or precedence based on their royal descent. Feudal titles determined rank. Under Philip Augustus, the Duke of Burgundy, a peer of France, could be reckoned to be mightier than the Count of Dreux, a "baron of the second rank", even though the latter was a paternal cousin of the king, while the former was only a distant agnate. In the feudal era, the agnates of the king held no special status, because agnatic primogeniture had not yet received its sanction as the law governing the succession to the French throne.

Following the Valois succession, the agnates of the king, being "capable of the crown", rose in prominence. New peerages were created for the king's agnates, and for a long time this continued to be so, before the peerage was extended to non-royalty. Over time, the dignity of a peer, which was feudal in nature, and the dignity of a prince of the blood, which was dynastic in nature, clashed. Non-royal peers and princes of the blood who were peers constantly competed for precedence. As the royal line contracted, each prince of the blood gained greater prominence. Finally, in 1576, King Henry III of France issued an edict, to counter the growing power of the House of Guise, which made the princes of the blood supreme over the peerage, and amongst themselves, the closer in the line of succession would outrank the more distant, without regard to the actual title that they held.

As a rank

In France, the rank of prince du sang was the highest held at court after the immediate family of the king during the ancien régime and the Bourbon Restoration.[1] The rank of prince du sang or princesse du sang was restricted to legitimate agnates of the Capetian dynasty who were not members of the immediate family of the king. Originating in the 14th century, male princes du sang came to be recognized as entitled to seats on the Conseil du Roi and the Parlement de Paris, to precedence above all peers and to precedence among each other according to their respective places in the order of succession.

During the last century of the reign of the House of Valois, when religious strife brought forth rivals for the throne, prince du sang became restricted in use to refer to dynasts who were distant members of the Royal Family (i.e., those who were not children or grandchildren in the male line of a French king and, as such, entitled to specific, higher rank of their own as enfants and petits-enfants de France).[1]

In theory, the princes of the blood included all members of the Capetian dynasty. In practice, only the agnatic descendants of Saint Louis IX, such as the Valois and the Bourbons, were acknowledged as princes du sang.[1] France's kings, for instance, refused to recognize the Courtenay Capetians as princes of the blood. The Courtenays descended in legitimate male-line from King Louis VI, but had become impoverished, minor nobles over the centuries. Their repeated petitions for recognition to the Bourbon rulers were in vain. When the Treaty of Montmartre was concluded in 1662, declaring the House of Lorraine to be heirs to the French throne in the event of extinction of the Bourbons, the Courtenays protested, requesting substitution of the phrase "the royal house issued in legitimate male line from the kings of France" to no avail. In 1715 Louis-Charles de Courtenay, his son Charles-Roger and his brother Roger were once again rebuffed in their attempt to seek recognition of their status. Roger, abbé de Courtenay, was the last male of the family, dying on 5 May 1733, and his sister Hélène de Courtenay, marquise de Bauffremont (1689–20 June 1768), obtained no redress when she appealed to the king in 1737 after the Parlement of Paris ordered the term "princesse du sang royal de France" deleted from court documents.

Even a cadet branch of the Bourbon line, the Bourbon-Carencys, who were most distantly related to the Dukes of Bourbon, were denied princely rank and excluded from the Conseil du Roi until their extinction in 1530. They descended from Jean, seigneur de Carency (1378–1457), the youngest son of Jean I de Bourbon, Count of La Marche.

Since 1733, all legitimate male Capetians were of the House of Bourbon, of the Vendôme branch, descended from Charles, Duke of Vendôme. Charles' eldest son Antoine, King of Navarre, was the ancestor of the royal dynasties of France and Spain, and of the House of Orléans, while his youngest son Louis, Prince of Condé (1530–1569), was the ancestor of the House of Condé. A cadet branch of the Condés was the House of Conti, who in male line descended of Henri, Prince of Condé (1588–1646).

In an edict of July 1714, Louis XIV declared his legitimized sons, the Duke of Maine and Count of Toulouse, to be princes du sang and accorded them rights of succession to the French throne following all other princes du sang. Though the Parlement de Paris refused to register the decree, the king exercised his right to compel registration by conducting a lit de justice. The edict was revoked and annulled on 18 August 1715 by the Parlement on the authority of the regent after the king's death. As a chancellor of Louis XIV had warned, a king could only produce princes of the blood with the queen.[2]

Styles

Those who held this rank were usually styled by their main ducal peerage, but sometimes other titles were used, indicating a more precise status than prince du sang.

The most senior princes used specific styles such as monsieur le prince or monsieur le duc, whereas the junior princes used the style monseigneur followed by their noble title, such as monseigneur le duc de Montpensier. The style Serene Highness (altesse sérénissime) was used in writing only.

Monsieur le Prince

This was the style of the First Prince of the Blood (French: premier prince du sang), which normally belonged to the most senior (by primogeniture) male member of the royal dynasty who is neither a fils de France ("son of France", i.e. of the King or the Dauphin") nor a petit-fils de France ("grandson of France", son of a fils de France). In practice, it was not always clear who was entitled to the rank, and it often took a specific act of the king to make the determination.[citation needed]

The rank carried with it various privileges, including the right to a household paid out of state revenues. The rank was held for life: the birth of a new, more senior prince who qualified for the position did not deprive the current holder of his use of the style.[citation needed] The Princes of Condé used the style of Monsieur le Prince for over a century (1589–1709). The right to use the style passed to the House of Orléans in 1709; however, they seldom if ever used it. The title should theoretically have passed in 1752 to Prince Philip, Duke of Calabria, the first great-grandson of the Grand Dauphin that was neither a fils de France nor a petit-fils de France; however, Louis XV left the title to the House of Orléans rather than to the Spanish branch of the Bourbons, which had renounced its right to succeed to the French throne by the Treaty of Utrecht. This meant that Louis Philippe, duke of Orleans in the late 18th century, was the First Prince of the Blood immediately before the French Revolution, entitling him to sit on various bodies, such as the 1787 Assembly of Notables, which he used as a platform to advocate liberal reforms.[3]

First Princes of the Blood, 1465–1830

Valois House of Orléans
  1. 1465–1498: Louis II, Duke of Orléans (1462–1515);
  2. 1498–1515: François, Count of Angoulême (1494–1547)
House of Valois-Alençon
  1. 1515–1525: Charles IV, Duke of Alençon (1489–1525);
House of Bourbon-Montpensier
  1. 1525–1527: Charles III, Duke of Bourbon (1490–1527);
House of Bourbon-Vendôme
  1. 1527–1537: Charles IV de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme (1489–1537);
  2. 1537–1562: Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, later King of Navarre (1518–1562);
  3. 1562–1589: Henri III, King of Navarre (1553–1610);
  4. 1589-1590: Charles de Bourbon (1523-1590);
House of Bourbon-Condé
  1. 1590–1646: Henri II de Bourbon, Prince of Condé (1588–1646);
  2. 1646–1686: Louis II de Bourbon, Prince of Condé (1621–1686);
  3. 1686–1709: Henri III de Bourbon, Prince of Condé (1643–1709);
Bourbon House of Orléans
  1. 1709–1752: Louis d'Orléans (1703–1752), as Duke of Chartres (1703–1723) and Duke of Orléans (1723–1752)
  2. 1752–1785: Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans (1725–1785);
  3. 1785–1793: Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans (1747–1793);
  4. 1814–1830: Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans (1773–1850), who later ruled as Louis-Philippe I, King of the French.

Madame la Princesse

This style was held by the wife of Monsieur le Prince. The duchesses/princesses that were entitled to use it were:

Monsieur le Duc

This style was used for the eldest son of the Prince de Condé. Originally, the eldest son was given the title of Duc d'Enghien, but that changed in 1709 when the Condés lost the rank of premier prince. After that, the eldest son was often given the courtesy title of Duc de Bourbon, which had been granted to le Grand Condé, and his eldest son was then given the title of duc d'Enghien.

  1. 1689–1709: Henri I, Duke of Enghien (1643–1709);
  2. 1709–1710: Louis I, Duke of Enghien (1668–1710);
  3. 1710–1740: Louis II Henri, Duke of Enghien (1692–1740);
  4. 1740–1818: Louis III Joseph, Duke of Enghien (1736–1818);
  5. 1818–1830: Louis IV Henri, Duke of Enghien (1756–1830).

Madame la Duchesse

This style was used for the wife of Monsieur le Duc. The most famous holder of this honorific was:

Others included:

Monsieur le Comte

This address was used by the head of the most junior branch of the House of Bourbon, the comte de Soissons. The comtes de Soissons, like the Princes of Conti, descended from the Princes of Condé. The line started in 1566 when the Soissons title was given to Charles de Bourbon, the second son of Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé, the first Prince of Condé.

The first Prince had three sons:

The Soissons title was acquired by the first Prince of Condé in 1557 and was held by his descendants for two more generations:

The 2nd Count of Soissons died without an heir, so the Soissons title passed to his younger sister, Marie de Bourbon, the wife of Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano, a member of the House of Savoy. She became known as Madame la comtesse de Soissons. On her death, the title passed first to her second son, Prince Joseph-Emmanuel of Savoy-Carignan (1631–1656), and then to her third son, Prince Eugène-François of Savoy-Carignan.

He married Olympia Mancini, niece of Cardinal Mazarin. She was known as Madame la Comtesse de Soissons[4] like her mother-in-law. On his death, the title went to his eldest son, Prince Louis-Thomas, who was the older brother of the famous Austrian general, Prince Eugene of Savoy. The Soissons title became extinct upon the death of Prince Eugène-Jean of Savoy-Carignan in 1734.

Madame la Comtesse

This style was used by the wife of Monsieur le Comte. The best example of this is Olympia Mancini.

Madame la Princesse Douairière

In order to tell the wives of the various Princes of Conti apart after their deaths, the widows were given the name of Douairière (or dowager) and a number corresponding to when they lost their husband. After being widowed their full style would be Madame la Princesse de Conti 'number' Douairière. Between 1727 and 1732, there were three widowed Princesses de Conti. They were:

Legitimised royal offspring

Legitimised children of the King of France, and of other males of his dynasty, took surnames according to the branch of the House of Capet to which their father belonged, e.g. Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, duc du Maine, was the elder son of Louis XIV by his mistress, Mme de Montespan.[1] After the legitimisation occurred, the child was given a title. Males were given titles from their father's lands and estates and females were given the style of Mademoiselle de X. Examples of this are (children of Louis XIV and Mme de Montespan):

Also the child would be referred to as Légitimé de Bourbon; such as Marie Anne légitimée de Bourbon, mademoiselle de Blois daughter of Louis XIV and Louise de La Vallière. Her full brother was Louis de Bourbon, later given the title of comte de Vermandois.

Orléans-Longueville

The branch of the ducs de Longueville, extinct in 1672 (1694), bore the surname d'Orléans, as legitimised descendants of Jean, bâtard d'Orléans, the natural son of a Valois prince who held the appanage of Orléans before the Bourbons did.[5] Non-legitimised natural children of royalty took whatever surname the king permitted, which might or might not be that of the dynasty.

Children born out of wedlock to a French king or prince were never recognised as fils de France. However, if they were legitimised, the king might raise them to a rank just below or even equivalent to that of a prince du sang.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Spanheim, Ézéchiel (1973). Émile Bourgeois (ed.). Relation de la Cour de France. le Temps retrouvé (in French). Paris: Mercure de France. pp. 70, 87, 313–314.
  2. ^ The Institutions of France Under the Absolute Monarchy, 1598–1789, Volume 2, p.93
  3. ^ Mike Duncan (17 August 2014). "Episode 3.5 "The Assembly of Notables"". Revolutions (Podcast). Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  4. ^ Nancy Mitford, The Sun King, 1966, p.87
  5. ^ ib. Spanheim, Ézéchiel, pp. 104–105.
  6. ^ ib. Spanheim, Ézéchiel, pp. 100–105, 323–327.

April 29, 2023
prince, sang, prince, blood, redirects, here, novel, raymond, feist, prince, blood, novel, prince, sang, french, pronunciation, pʁɛ, prince, blood, person, legitimately, descended, male, line, from, sovereign, female, equivalent, princess, blood, being, applie. Prince of the blood redirects here For the novel by Raymond E Feist see Prince of the Blood novel A prince du sang French pronunciation pʁɛ s dy sɑ Prince of the Blood is a person legitimately descended in male line from a sovereign The female equivalent was princess of the blood being applied to the daughter of a prince of the blood The most prominent examples include members of the French royal line but the term prince of the blood has been used in other families more generally for example among the British royal family and when referring to the Shinnōke in Japan Heraldic coronet of a prince du sang in the Kingdom of France In some European kingdoms especially France this appellation was a specific rank in its own right with a more restricted use than other titles Contents 1 History 2 As a rank 3 Styles 4 Monsieur le Prince 5 Madame la Princesse 6 Monsieur le Duc 7 Madame la Duchesse 8 Monsieur le Comte 9 Madame la Comtesse 10 Madame la Princesse Douairiere 11 Legitimised royal offspring 12 Orleans Longueville 13 See also 14 ReferencesHistory EditUnder the House of Capet of France the monarchy was feudal and the younger sons and grandsons of kings did not have rights or precedence based on their royal descent Feudal titles determined rank Under Philip Augustus the Duke of Burgundy a peer of France could be reckoned to be mightier than the Count of Dreux a baron of the second rank even though the latter was a paternal cousin of the king while the former was only a distant agnate In the feudal era the agnates of the king held no special status because agnatic primogeniture had not yet received its sanction as the law governing the succession to the French throne Following the Valois succession the agnates of the king being capable of the crown rose in prominence New peerages were created for the king s agnates and for a long time this continued to be so before the peerage was extended to non royalty Over time the dignity of a peer which was feudal in nature and the dignity of a prince of the blood which was dynastic in nature clashed Non royal peers and princes of the blood who were peers constantly competed for precedence As the royal line contracted each prince of the blood gained greater prominence Finally in 1576 King Henry III of France issued an edict to counter the growing power of the House of Guise which made the princes of the blood supreme over the peerage and amongst themselves the closer in the line of succession would outrank the more distant without regard to the actual title that they held As a rank EditIn France the rank of prince du sang was the highest held at court after the immediate family of the king during the ancien regime and the Bourbon Restoration 1 The rank of prince du sang or princesse du sang was restricted to legitimate agnates of the Capetian dynasty who were not members of the immediate family of the king Originating in the 14th century male princes du sang came to be recognized as entitled to seats on the Conseil du Roi and the Parlement de Paris to precedence above all peers and to precedence among each other according to their respective places in the order of succession During the last century of the reign of the House of Valois when religious strife brought forth rivals for the throne prince du sang became restricted in use to refer to dynasts who were distant members of the Royal Family i e those who were not children or grandchildren in the male line of a French king and as such entitled to specific higher rank of their own as enfants and petits enfants de France 1 In theory the princes of the blood included all members of the Capetian dynasty In practice only the agnatic descendants of Saint Louis IX such as the Valois and the Bourbons were acknowledged as princes du sang 1 France s kings for instance refused to recognize the Courtenay Capetians as princes of the blood The Courtenays descended in legitimate male line from King Louis VI but had become impoverished minor nobles over the centuries Their repeated petitions for recognition to the Bourbon rulers were in vain When the Treaty of Montmartre was concluded in 1662 declaring the House of Lorraine to be heirs to the French throne in the event of extinction of the Bourbons the Courtenays protested requesting substitution of the phrase the royal house issued in legitimate male line from the kings of France to no avail In 1715 Louis Charles de Courtenay his son Charles Roger and his brother Roger were once again rebuffed in their attempt to seek recognition of their status Roger abbe de Courtenay was the last male of the family dying on 5 May 1733 and his sister Helene de Courtenay marquise de Bauffremont 1689 20 June 1768 obtained no redress when she appealed to the king in 1737 after the Parlement of Paris ordered the term princesse du sang royal de France deleted from court documents Even a cadet branch of the Bourbon line the Bourbon Carencys who were most distantly related to the Dukes of Bourbon were denied princely rank and excluded from the Conseil du Roi until their extinction in 1530 They descended from Jean seigneur de Carency 1378 1457 the youngest son of Jean I de Bourbon Count of La Marche Since 1733 all legitimate male Capetians were of the House of Bourbon of the Vendome branch descended from Charles Duke of Vendome Charles eldest son Antoine King of Navarre was the ancestor of the royal dynasties of France and Spain and of the House of Orleans while his youngest son Louis Prince of Conde 1530 1569 was the ancestor of the House of Conde A cadet branch of the Condes was the House of Conti who in male line descended of Henri Prince of Conde 1588 1646 In an edict of July 1714 Louis XIV declared his legitimized sons the Duke of Maine and Count of Toulouse to be princes du sang and accorded them rights of succession to the French throne following all other princes du sang Though the Parlement de Paris refused to register the decree the king exercised his right to compel registration by conducting a lit de justice The edict was revoked and annulled on 18 August 1715 by the Parlement on the authority of the regent after the king s death As a chancellor of Louis XIV had warned a king could only produce princes of the blood with the queen 2 Styles EditThose who held this rank were usually styled by their main ducal peerage but sometimes other titles were used indicating a more precise status than prince du sang The most senior princes used specific styles such as monsieur le prince or monsieur le duc whereas the junior princes used the style monseigneur followed by their noble title such as monseigneur le duc de Montpensier The style Serene Highness altesse serenissime was used in writing only Monsieur le Prince EditThis was the style of the First Prince of the Blood French premier prince du sang which normally belonged to the most senior by primogeniture male member of the royal dynasty who is neither a fils de France son of France i e of the King or the Dauphin nor a petit fils de France grandson of France son of a fils de France In practice it was not always clear who was entitled to the rank and it often took a specific act of the king to make the determination citation needed The rank carried with it various privileges including the right to a household paid out of state revenues The rank was held for life the birth of a new more senior prince who qualified for the position did not deprive the current holder of his use of the style citation needed The Princes of Conde used the style of Monsieur le Prince for over a century 1589 1709 The right to use the style passed to the House of Orleans in 1709 however they seldom if ever used it The title should theoretically have passed in 1752 to Prince Philip Duke of Calabria the first great grandson of the Grand Dauphin that was neither a fils de France nor a petit fils de France however Louis XV left the title to the House of Orleans rather than to the Spanish branch of the Bourbons which had renounced its right to succeed to the French throne by the Treaty of Utrecht This meant that Louis Philippe duke of Orleans in the late 18th century was the First Prince of the Blood immediately before the French Revolution entitling him to sit on various bodies such as the 1787 Assembly of Notables which he used as a platform to advocate liberal reforms 3 First Princes of the Blood 1465 1830 Valois House of Orleans1465 1498 Louis II Duke of Orleans 1462 1515 1498 1515 Francois Count of Angouleme 1494 1547 House of Valois Alencon1515 1525 Charles IV Duke of Alencon 1489 1525 House of Bourbon Montpensier1525 1527 Charles III Duke of Bourbon 1490 1527 House of Bourbon Vendome1527 1537 Charles IV de Bourbon Duke of Vendome 1489 1537 1537 1562 Antoine de Bourbon Duke of Vendome later King of Navarre 1518 1562 1562 1589 Henri III King of Navarre 1553 1610 1589 1590 Charles de Bourbon 1523 1590 House of Bourbon Conde1590 1646 Henri II de Bourbon Prince of Conde 1588 1646 1646 1686 Louis II de Bourbon Prince of Conde 1621 1686 1686 1709 Henri III de Bourbon Prince of Conde 1643 1709 Bourbon House of Orleans1709 1752 Louis d Orleans 1703 1752 as Duke of Chartres 1703 1723 and Duke of Orleans 1723 1752 1752 1785 Louis Philippe d Orleans Duke of Orleans 1725 1785 1785 1793 Louis Philippe Joseph d Orleans Duke of Orleans 1747 1793 1814 1830 Louis Philippe d Orleans Duke of Orleans 1773 1850 who later ruled as Louis Philippe I King of the French Antoine Duke of Vendome Louis II Prince of Conde by Joost van Egmont Louis d Orleans Duke of Orleans 1703 1752 Duke of Chartres the first Orleans Prince to use the style The last Monsieur le Prince of the Ancien Regime Philippe EgaliteMadame la Princesse EditThis style was held by the wife of Monsieur le Prince The duchesses princesses that were entitled to use it were 1646 1686 Claire Clemence de Maille Breze 1628 1694 Niece of Cardinal Richelieu and wife of the Grand Conde she was also the Duchess of Fronsac in her own right from 1646 1674 1684 1709 Anna Henrietta Julia of Bavaria 1648 1723 She was the daughter of Anna Gonzaga and her husband Charles I Duke of Mantua In 1663 she married Henry Jules Duke of Bourbon the son and heir of the Grand Conde Anne Henriette was the mother of Louis III Prince of Conde and Madame la Princesse de Conti Seconde Douairiere 1709 1723 Francoise Marie de Bourbon 1677 1749 wife of Philippe II Duke of Orleans 1724 1726 Margravine Auguste Marie Johanna of Baden Baden 1704 1726 wife of Louis of Orleans 1743 1759 Louise Henriette de Bourbon daughter of Madame la Princesse de Conti Derniere Douairiere and wife of Louis Philippe d Orleans Duke of Orleans 1785 1793 Louise Marie Adelaide de Bourbon 1753 1821 wife of Louis Philippe Joseph d Orleans Duke of Orleans She was the last holder of the style before the outbreak of the French Revolution Anne Henriette of Bavaria Francoise Marie de Bourbon did not use the style as her husband did not Louise Henriette de Bourbon mother of Philippe Egalite Madame la Princesse wife of Philippe Egalite Monsieur le Duc EditThis style was used for the eldest son of the Prince de Conde Originally the eldest son was given the title of Duc d Enghien but that changed in 1709 when the Condes lost the rank of premier prince After that the eldest son was often given the courtesy title of Duc de Bourbon which had been granted to le Grand Conde and his eldest son was then given the title of duc d Enghien 1689 1709 Henri I Duke of Enghien 1643 1709 1709 1710 Louis I Duke of Enghien 1668 1710 1710 1740 Louis II Henri Duke of Enghien 1692 1740 1740 1818 Louis III Joseph Duke of Enghien 1736 1818 1818 1830 Louis IV Henri Duke of Enghien 1756 1830 le Grand Conde with his son Henri I Duke of Enghien Monsieur le Duc Monsieur le Duc as son of Louis III Prince of CondeMadame la Duchesse EditThis style was used for the wife of Monsieur le Duc The most famous holder of this honorific was 1685 1709 Louise Francoise de Bourbon 1673 1743 The illegitimate daughter of Louis XIV and his mistress Madame de Montespan she was married in May 1685 to Louis III Prince of Conde then known by the courtesy title of duc de Bourbon Since his style at court was Monsieur le Duc she became known as Madame la Duchesse She later held onto the style even in her widowhood when she was the Princess of Conde She was later known as Madame la Duchesse Douairiere Others included 1713 1720 Marie Anne de Bourbon 1689 1720 first wife of Louis Henri Duke of Bourbon 1728 1741 Landgravine Caroline of Hesse Rotenburg 1714 1741 second wife of the Duke of Bourbon 1753 1760 Charlotte Elisabeth Godefride de Rohan 1737 1760 wife of Louis Joseph Prince of Conde 1770 1818 Louise Marie Therese Bathilde d Orleans 1750 1820 wife of the last Prince of Conde Madame la Duchesse She was the wife of Monsieur le Duc Marie Anne Princess of Conde Madame la Duchesse due to the Conde loss of Mme la Princesse to the House of Orleans Bathilde d OrleansMonsieur le Comte EditThis address was used by the head of the most junior branch of the House of Bourbon the comte de Soissons The comtes de Soissons like the Princes of Conti descended from the Princes of Conde The line started in 1566 when the Soissons title was given to Charles de Bourbon the second son of Louis I de Bourbon prince de Conde the first Prince of Conde The first Prince had three sons Henri de Bourbon second Prince of Conde Charles de Bourbon first Count of Soissons and the founder of the House of Bourbon Soissons Francois de Bourbon Prince de Conti first Prince of Conti but the Conti title lapsed upon his death in 1614 without legitimate heirs It was later revived in 1629 for Armand de Bourbon prince de Conti the second son of Henry II Prince of Conde The Soissons title was acquired by the first Prince of Conde in 1557 and was held by his descendants for two more generations Charles Count of Soissons Louis Count of Soissons Charles de Bourbon Count of Soissons Louis de Bourbon Count of Soissons Olympia Mancini known as Madame la Comtesse at courtThe 2nd Count of Soissons died without an heir so the Soissons title passed to his younger sister Marie de Bourbon the wife of Thomas Francis Prince of Carignano a member of the House of Savoy She became known as Madame la comtesse de Soissons On her death the title passed first to her second son Prince Joseph Emmanuel of Savoy Carignan 1631 1656 and then to her third son Prince Eugene Francois of Savoy Carignan He married Olympia Mancini niece of Cardinal Mazarin She was known as Madame la Comtesse de Soissons 4 like her mother in law On his death the title went to his eldest son Prince Louis Thomas who was the older brother of the famous Austrian general Prince Eugene of Savoy The Soissons title became extinct upon the death of Prince Eugene Jean of Savoy Carignan in 1734 Madame la Comtesse EditThis style was used by the wife of Monsieur le Comte The best example of this is Olympia Mancini Madame la Princesse Douairiere EditIn order to tell the wives of the various Princes of Conti apart after their deaths the widows were given the name of Douairiere or dowager and a number corresponding to when they lost their husband After being widowed their full style would be Madame la Princesse de Conti number Douairiere Between 1727 and 1732 there were three widowed Princesses de Conti They were Marie Anne de Bourbon 1666 1739 the legitimised daughter of Louis XIV and Louise de La Valliere she was the wife of Louis Armand I Prince of Conti She was known as Madame la Princesse de Conti Premiere Douairiere as she was the first to be widowed in 1685 The title went to her husband s younger brother Francois Louis Prince of Conti Marie Therese de Bourbon 1666 1732 the wife of Francois Louis Prince of Conti she was known as Madame la Princesse de Conti Seconde Douairiere after losing her husband in 1709 Louise Elisabeth de Bourbon 1693 1775 the wife of Louis Armand II Prince of Conti the son and successor of Francois Louis Prince of Conti She was the daughter of Monsieur le Duc and Madame la Duchesse After her husband died in 1727 she was known as Madame la Princesse de Conti Troisieme Derniere Douairiere This was not a traditional style by right but was simply a means the court used to distinguish between the three widows who held the title of Princesse de Conti at the same time Madame la Princesse de Conti Premiere Douairiere Madame la Princesse de Conti Seconde Douairiere Madame la Princesse de Conti Derniere DouairiereLegitimised royal offspring EditLegitimised children of the King of France and of other males of his dynasty took surnames according to the branch of the House of Capet to which their father belonged e g Louis Auguste de Bourbon duc du Maine was the elder son of Louis XIV by his mistress Mme de Montespan 1 After the legitimisation occurred the child was given a title Males were given titles from their father s lands and estates and females were given the style of Mademoiselle de X Examples of this are children of Louis XIV and Mme de Montespan Louise Francoise de Bourbon 1669 1672 The sisters Mademoiselle de Blois and Mademoiselle de Nantes two legitimised daughters of Louis XIV and Mme de Montespan Louis Auguste de Bourbon 1670 1736 titled duc du Maine later married Anne Louise Benedicte de Bourbon Conde Louis Cesar de Bourbon 1672 1683 titled comte de Vexin Louise Francoise de Bourbon 1673 1743 titled Mademoiselle de Nantes later wife of Louis III de Bourbon Conde prince de Conde Louise Marie Anne de Bourbon 1674 1681 titled Mademoiselle de Tours Francoise Marie de Bourbon 1677 1749 titled Mademoiselle de Blois wife of Philippe II d Orleans duc d Orleans Louis Alexandre de Bourbon 1678 1737 titled comte de Toulouse later married to Marie Victoire de Noailles Also the child would be referred to as Legitime de Bourbon such as Marie Anne legitimee de Bourbon mademoiselle de Blois daughter of Louis XIV and Louise de La Valliere Her full brother was Louis de Bourbon later given the title of comte de Vermandois Orleans Longueville EditThe branch of the ducs de Longueville extinct in 1672 1694 bore the surname d Orleans as legitimised descendants of Jean batard d Orleans the natural son of a Valois prince who held the appanage of Orleans before the Bourbons did 5 Non legitimised natural children of royalty took whatever surname the king permitted which might or might not be that of the dynasty Children born out of wedlock to a French king or prince were never recognised as fils de France However if they were legitimised the king might raise them to a rank just below or even equivalent to that of a prince du sang 6 See also EditHouse of Conde Princes of Orleans Prince etranger Prinz esp in contrast to Furst FuerstReferences Edit a b c d Spanheim Ezechiel 1973 Emile Bourgeois ed Relation de la Cour de France le Temps retrouve in French Paris Mercure de France pp 70 87 313 314 The Institutions of France Under the Absolute Monarchy 1598 1789 Volume 2 p 93 Mike Duncan 17 August 2014 Episode 3 5 The Assembly of Notables Revolutions Podcast Retrieved 18 April 2017 Nancy Mitford The Sun King 1966 p 87 ib Spanheim Ezechiel pp 104 105 ib Spanheim Ezechiel pp 100 105 323 327 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Prince du sang amp oldid 1146756334, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.