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Black French people

January 01, 1970

Black French people also known as French Black people or Afro-French (Afro-Français) are French people who are of African (including Malagasy people) or Melanesian ancestry. It also includes people of mixed African/Melanesian and French ancestry.

Black French people
Total population
Approximately 3–5 million (2009 estimate);[1]it is illegal for the French State to collect data on ethnicity and race.
Regions with significant populations
Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Saint Martin, Réunion, Mayotte, New Caledonia
Languages
French, French Creoles, New Caledonian languages, African languages
Religion
Majority Christianity or Islam, minority Irreligion and Traditional African religions

Population statistics edit

Although it is illegal for the government of France to collect data on ethnicity and race in the census (a law with its origins in the 1789 revolution and reaffirmed in the constitution of 1958),[2] various population estimates exist. An article in The New York Times in 2008 stated that estimates vary between 3 million and 5 million.[3] It is estimated that four out of five black people in France are of African immigrant origin, with the minority being chiefly of Caribbean ancestry.[4][5]

Some organizations, such as the Representative Council of France's Black Associations (French: Conseil représentatif des associations noires de France, CRAN), have argued in favor of the introduction of data collection on minority groups but this has been resisted by other organizations and ruling politicians,[6][7] often on the grounds that collecting such statistics goes against France's secular principles and harkens back to Vichy-era identity documents.[8] During the 2007 presidential election, however, Nicolas Sarkozy was polled on the issue and stated that he favoured the collection of data on ethnicity.[9] Part of a parliamentary bill which would have permitted the collection of data for the purpose of measuring discrimination was rejected by the Conseil Constitutionnel in November 2007.[2]

Notable people edit

In French politics edit

Afro-French or Kanak members of the French Parliament or government from overseas France edit

There have been dozens of Afro-Caribbean, Kanak, and Afro-French MPs representing overseas electoral districts at the French National Assembly or at the French Senate, and several government members.

 
Laetitia Avia was an MP from Paris
 
Maxette Grisoni-Pirbakas is the spokeswoman for the National Rally in the European Parliament.

Afro-French people elected in metropolitan France edit

Political activists edit

In sports edit

In basketball edit

In football edit

In rugby edit

Other sports edit

In entertainment and media edit

 
American-born Josephine Baker in 1932, distributing pot-au-feu

In literature edit

European / African (or Afro-Caribbean) descent edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Crumley, Bruce (24 March 2009), "Should France Count Its Minority Population?", Time, retrieved 11 October 2014
  2. ^ a b Oppenheimer, David B. (2008). "Why France needs to collect data on racial identity...in a French way". Hastings International and Comparative Law Review. 31 (2): 735–752. SSRN 1236362.
  3. ^ Kimmelman, Michael (17 June 2008). "For blacks in France, Obama's rise is reason to rejoice, and to hope". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
  4. ^ Bennhold, Katrin (3 August 2006). "Black anchor fills top spot on French TV". International Herald Tribune. p. 2. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
  5. ^ "Franceblack". Retrieved 6 April 2010.
  6. ^ Louis-Georges, Tin (2008). "Who is afraid of Blacks in France? The Black question: The name taboo, the number taboo". French Politics, Culture & Society. 26 (1): 32–44. doi:10.3167/fpcs.2008.260103.
  7. ^ "Black residents of France say they are discriminated against". International Herald Tribune. 31 January 2007. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
  8. ^ "France's ethnic minorities: To count or not to count". The Economist. Vol. 390, no. 8624. 28 March 2009. p. 62.
  9. ^ Chrisafis, Angelique (24 February 2007). "French presidential candidates divided over race census". The Guardian. p. 25. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
  10. ^ a b Lawrence, Adria K. (2013). Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism: Anti-Colonial Protest in the French Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-03709-0.
  11. ^ René, Emile BOISNEUF (1873 - 1927) Biographie extraite du Jean Joly Dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1889 à 1940 1946
  12. ^ Pierre-Yves Lambert, "Conseillers généraux d'origine non-européenne Archived 15 July 2012 at archive.today", Suffrage Universel
  13. ^ Pierre-Yves Lambert, "Maires métropolitains d'origine non-européenne Archived 14 July 2012 at archive.today", Suffrage Universel
  14. ^ "Législatives. Rachel Keke (Nupes) élue dans la 7e circonscription du Val-de-Marne". actu.fr (in French). 19 June 2022. from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  15. ^ "Mme Fanta Berete - Paris (12e circonscription) - Assemblée nationale". www2.assemblee-nationale.fr. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  16. ^ "M. Carlos Martens Bilongo - Val-d'Oise (8e circonscription) - Assemblée nationale" [Mr. Carlos Martens Bilongo - Val-d'Oise (8th constituency) - National Assembly] (in French). Retrieved 5 November 2022.

January 01, 1970
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 6 167 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr Noirs de France see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated fr Noirs de France to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Black French people also known as French Black people or Afro French Afro Francais are French people who are of African including Malagasy people or Melanesian ancestry It also includes people of mixed African Melanesian and French ancestry Black French peopleTotal populationApproximately 3 5 million 2009 estimate 1 it is illegal for the French State to collect data on ethnicity and race Regions with significant populationsParis Lyon Marseille Martinique Guadeloupe French Guiana Saint Martin Reunion Mayotte New CaledoniaLanguagesFrench French Creoles New Caledonian languages African languagesReligionMajority Christianity or Islam minority Irreligion and Traditional African religions Contents 1 Population statistics 2 Notable people 2 1 In French politics 2 1 1 Afro French or Kanak members of the French Parliament or government from overseas France 2 1 2 Afro French people elected in metropolitan France 2 1 3 Political activists 2 2 In sports 2 2 1 In basketball 2 2 2 In football 2 2 3 In rugby 2 2 4 Other sports 2 3 In entertainment and media 2 4 In literature 2 5 European African or Afro Caribbean descent 3 See also 4 ReferencesPopulation statistics editAlthough it is illegal for the government of France to collect data on ethnicity and race in the census a law with its origins in the 1789 revolution and reaffirmed in the constitution of 1958 2 various population estimates exist An article in The New York Times in 2008 stated that estimates vary between 3 million and 5 million 3 It is estimated that four out of five black people in France are of African immigrant origin with the minority being chiefly of Caribbean ancestry 4 5 Some organizations such as the Representative Council of France s Black Associations French Conseil representatif des associations noires de France CRAN have argued in favor of the introduction of data collection on minority groups but this has been resisted by other organizations and ruling politicians 6 7 often on the grounds that collecting such statistics goes against France s secular principles and harkens back to Vichy era identity documents 8 During the 2007 presidential election however Nicolas Sarkozy was polled on the issue and stated that he favoured the collection of data on ethnicity 9 Part of a parliamentary bill which would have permitted the collection of data for the purpose of measuring discrimination was rejected by the Conseil Constitutionnel in November 2007 2 Notable people editIn French politics edit Afro French or Kanak members of the French Parliament or government from overseas France edit There have been dozens of Afro Caribbean Kanak and Afro French MPs representing overseas electoral districts at the French National Assembly or at the French Senate and several government members Jean Baptiste Belley first black politician to take seat at the National Convention when elected on 24 September 1793 as one of three members deputes elected to the French Parliament by the northern region of Saint Domingue Hegesippe Legitimus second black deputy elected to the French National Assembly from 1898 1902 and 1906 1914 Gratien Candace politician from Guadeloupe who served in the French Chamber of Deputies from 1912 to 1942 and served as vice president of the French Chamber of Deputies from 1938 to 1940 Blaise Diagne political leader and mayor of Dakar He was the first person of West African origin elected to the French Chamber of Deputies 10 111 and the first to hold a position in the French government Ngalandou Diouf elected in 1909 to represent the commune of Rufisque at the advisory General Assembly Conseil General of Saint Louis then capital of colonial Senegal 10 109 110 Achille Rene Boisneuf Guadeloupe politician and one of the first black deputies in the French National Assembly He is incorrectly given the name Emile instead of Achille in Jean Joly s Dictionnaire des parlementaires francais de 1889 a 1940 1946 11 Maurice Satineau politician from Guadeloupe who served in the Senate from 1948 1958 and the French Chamber of Deputies from 1936 to 1942 the Chamber was not summoned between 1940 and 1942 Roger Bambuck Minister of Youth and Sports from 1988 to 1991 Aime Cesaire mayor of Fort de France and deputy from Martinique for the PCF Martinican Progressive Party Jean Louis d Anglebermes Kanak politician from Caledonian Union Felix Eboue French Guianan born colonial administrator and Free French leader Laura Flessel Colovic she became the Sport Minister in 2017 Serge Letchimy deputy for Martinique Socialist Party Letchimy is also of partial Tamil descent Gaston Monnerville politician and lawyer he was the president of the Senate from 1958 to 1968 Maurice Ponga New Caledonian politician who served as Member of the European Parliament MEP for the Overseas constituency from 2009 to 2019 Christiane Taubira deputy from French Guiana was the first black candidate to a French presidential election in 2002 In 2012 she became the Justice Minister until 2016 Manuela Keclard Mondesir deputy from Martinique nbsp Laetitia Avia was an MP from Paris nbsp Maxette Grisoni Pirbakas is the spokeswoman for the National Rally in the European Parliament Afro French people elected in metropolitan France edit Severiano de Heredia president of the municipal council of Paris 1879 1880 sort of mayor of Paris deputy for Paris 1881 1889 minister 1887 Blaise Diagne 1872 1934 first person of Sub Saharan African origin elected to the French Chamber of Deputies and the first to hold a position in the French government Elie Bloncourt 1896 1978 second Black metropolitan deputy 1936 40 1945 47 first Black metropolitan general councillor 1934 40 1945 51 12 Ernest Cheniere 1945 former deputy for Oise 1993 97 Raphael Elize fr 1891 1945 first Black metropolitan mayor 1929 40 13 Helene Geoffroy deputy for Rhone mayor Maxette Grisoni Pirbakas elected an MEP in 2019 Gaston Monnerville 1897 1991 first Black metropolitan senator 1946 1974 president of the French Senate 1947 68 mayor president of Lot s general council George Pau Langevin Paris deputy 2007 12 junior minister 2012 2014 Minister for Overseas 2014 Arthur Richards 1890 1972 general councillor in Bordeaux 1951 1964 deputy for Gironde 1958 67 Rama Yade former minister and secretary of State Harlem Desir former minister for European Affairs and MEP former First Secretary of the French Socialist Party Kofi Yamgnane former minister former MP former mayor former general councillor in Brittany Herve Berville Rwandan genocide survivor French economist and politician Cotes d Armor MP for La Republique En Marche since June 2017 party spokesperson Seybah Dagoma then 34 year old lawyer of Chadian descent and founding member of a left wing think tank was elected in a Parisian constituency in 2012 and in office until 2017 Laetitia Avia lawyer of Togolese descent member of the National Assembly for the Paris s 6th constituency elected in 2017 defeated in 2022 Daniele Obono Gabonese descent MP for La France Insoumise representing the 17th Paris constituency since the legislative elections of 2017 Nadege Abomangoli deputy from Seine Saint Denis Pap Ndiaye historian of Franco Senegalese descent Minister of National Education and Youth from 20 May 2022 20 July 2023 in the Elisabeth Borne government Rachel Keke Ivorian born French politician and former chambermaid now member of the National Assembly since 2022 representing the 7th constituency of the Val de Marne department 14 Fanta Berete politician of Renaissance who has been serving as a Member of Parliament for Paris s 12th constituency since 2022 She was the substitute of Olivia Gregoire who became a government minister 15 Carlos Martens Bilongo French teacher and politician who has represented the 8th constituency of the Val d Oise department in the National Assembly since 2022 for La France Insoumise FI he was elected under the New Ecological and Social People s Union NUPES alliance 16 Political activists edit Frantz Fanon Marxist existentialist and anti colonial author and activist Renounced his French citizenship Kemi Seba Pan Africanist political leader writer activist and geopolitical analyst for various African television channels Louis Georges Tin president of the Representative Council of France s Black Associations and founder of the International Day Against Homophobia Rokhaya Diallo French journalist BET France host author filmmaker and activist for racial gender and religious equality Sibeth Ndiaye French Senegalese communications advisor Government Spokeswoman for Edouard Philippe s government from April 2019 to July 2020 Susanna Ounei Kanak independence activist Stephane Pocrain co founder of CRAN Conseil Representatif des Associations Noires de France and ecologist militant Fode Sylla co founder of CRAN second president of the French anti racist organisation SOS Racisme between 1992 and 1999 In sports edit In basketball edit Tariq Abdul Wahad Alexis Ajinca Andrew Albicy Joel Ayayi Nicolas Batum Rodrigue Beaubois Juhann Begarin Isaia Cordinier Boris Diaw Moustapha Fall Rudy Gobert Sandrine Gruda Mathias Lessort Timothe Luwawu Cabarrot Ian Mahinmi Amath M Baye Joakim Noah Endene Miyem Frank Ntilikina Tony Parker Johan Petro Mickael Pietrus Yves Pons Iliana Rupert Olivier Sarr Kevin Seraphin Diandra Tchatchouang Axel Toupane Ronny Turiaf Valeriane Vukosavljevic nee Ayayi Victor Wembanyama Gabby Williams Guerschon Yabusele Isabelle Yacoubou In football edit Raoul Diagne 1910 2002 first black player to be selected for France national football team Marius Tresor one of the best central defenders of all time in Pele s top 125 greatest living footballers Larbi Benbarek 1914 1992 nicknamed the Black Pearl largely remembered as the first successful black footballer in Europe Armand Lauriente Arnaud Kalimuendo Arnaud Nordin Abdoulaye Diallo Adama Soumaoro Aldo Angoula Allan Nyom Alexis Beka Beka Alexis Claude Maurice Alban Lafont Amir Richardson Amos Youga Antoine Baroan Anthony Modeste Armand Traore Arthur Masuaku Aurelien Tchouameni Christophe Mandanne Jimmy Briand Jordan Amavi Benoit Assou Ekotto Boulaye Dia Boubacar Kamara Bouna Sarr Boubakary Soumare Bradley Locko Bryan Mbeumo Castello Lukeba Cedric Kipre Chris Makiese Christian Karembeu of New Caledonia Cyril Mandouki Damien Plessis Dan Axel Zagadou Eric Junior Dina Ebimbe Ervin Taha Nicolas Anelka Cedric Avinel Chris Mavinga Christopher Rocchia Colin Dagba Cyriaque Mayounga Damien Dussaut Serge Aurier Elye Wahi Eric Abidal Flavien Belson Florian Chabrolle Jean Kevin Augustin Jean Christophe Bahebeck Tiemoue Bakayoko Florent Sinama Pongolle Griedge Mbock Bathy Gael Clichy Garland Gbelle Pascal Chimbonda Logan Costa Dayot Upamecano Djibril Cisse Kevin Mbabu Kingsley Coman Moussa Dembele Ousmane Dembele Abou Diaby Koffi Djidji Lassana Diarra Axel Disasi Marcel Desailly Alou Diarra Patrice Evra Harold Moukoudi Odsonne Edouard Bafetimbi Gomis William Gallas Sidney Govou Yoan Gouffran Jean Daniel Akpa Akpro Johann Obiang Josuha Guilavogui Thierry Henry Romain Habran Jonathan Ikone Julian Jeanvier N Golo Kante Geoffrey Kondogbia Presnel Kimpembe Alexandre Lacazette Steve Mandanda Yann M Vila Blaise Matuidi Florent Malouda Eliaquim Mangala Anthony Martial Ethan Mbappe Kylian Mbappe Michael Ciani Michael Olise Rio Mavuba Benjamin Mendy Ferland Mendy Paul Georges Ntep Christopher Nkunku Moussa Diaby Nordi Mukiele Hervin Ongenda Nicolas Pepe Paul Pogba Ibrahima Konate Loic Remy Bacary Sagna Mamadou Sakho Marcel Tisserand Moussa Sissoko Myziane Maolida Youssouf Sabaly Jonathan Biabiany Louis Saha Lilian Thuram Samuel Umtiti Patrick Vieira Peter Luccin William Vainqueur Raphael Varane Sylvain Wiltord Kurt Zouma Yacine Brahimi Sandy Baltimore Corentin Tolisso Didier Domi Pierre Emerick Aubameyang Mohamed Sissoko Thomas Lemar Tanguy Ndombele Steven N Zonzi Layvin Kurzawa Mike Maignan Alassane Plea Djibril Sidibe Wendie Renard Delphine Cascarino Grace Geyoro Kadidiatou Diani Griedge Mbock Bathy Aissatou Tounkara Viviane Asseyi Emelyne Laurent Marie Antoinette Katoto Malang Sarr Ouleymata Sarr Aminata Diallo Jeff Reine Adelaide Jerome Roussillon Lesley Ugochukwu Lys Mousset Nicolas Isimat Mirin Samuel Moutoussamy Simon Falette Steve Marlet Stephane Dalmat Virgil Gomis Yan Valery Fabrice Pancrate Garissone Innocent Evan Ndicka William Saliba Ronael Pierre Gabriel Fabrice Abriel Francis Coquelin Franck Beria Olivier Dacourt Richard Sele Philippe Christanval Donovan Makoma Mathys Tel Malcolm Barcola Grejohn Kyei Bradley Barcola Mikael Silvestre Wesley Said Jean Charles Castelletto Ludovic Blas Valerien Ismael Yorgan Agblemagnon Alexander Djiku Hugo Ekitike Kenny Nagera Kenny Lala Koba Koindredi Jacques Zimako Jerome Gnako Joffrey Torvic Lamine Diaby Fadiga Loick Landre Loic Loval Mounir Obbadi Oumar Solet Sekou Yansane Simon Banza Wesley Fofana Giovanni Sio Granddi N Goyi James Lea Siliki Jimmy Mainfroi Jonathan Bamba Malo Gusto Marley Ake Maxence Lacroix Nathael Julan Olivier Ntcham Ouparine Djoco Randal Kolo Muani Romain Gall Samuel Camille Serhou Guirassy Sofiane Diop Tanguy Kouassi Tanguy Ndombele Willy Boly Willem Geubbels Yannick Bellechasse Yannick Bolasie Yanis Cimignani Yohann Thuram Ulien Jean Philippe Mateta Mohamed Ali Cho Samuel Souprayen Sebastien Haller Souleyman Doumbia Evan Ndicka Gael Angoula Romaric Yapi Serge Gakpe Steve Lawson Tanguy Coulibaly Thievy Bifouma Yannick Kamanan Nathan Ngoumou Janis Antiste Johan Audel Kevin N Doram Kevin Fortune Louis Nganioni Wilfried Dalmat Yannick Pandor Yves Desmarets Hiang a Mbock Simon Banza Wesley Jobello Dylan Saint Louis Jordan Pierre Charles Amadou Soukouna Sebastian De Maio Pierre Kalulu Gedeon Kalulu Aldo Kalulu Loic Badiashile Nicolas Senzemba Valentin Gendrey Chaker Alhadhur Isaac Lihadji Ismail Hassan Janis Antiste Jeremy Sorbon Jonathan Mexique Kevin Anin Lilian Brassier Lois Diony Manu Kone Mickael Nelson Sacha Boey Thomas Ephestion Warren Zaire Emery Wilfried Domoraud Rahavi Kifoueti Yannick Sagbo Bryan Teixeira Olivier Davidas Steven Moreira In rugby edit Pierre Henri Azagoh Demba Bamba Mathieu Bastareaud Serge Blanco Serge Betsen Jonathan Danty Ibrahim Diallo Thierry Dusautoir Gael Fickou Constantin Henriquez Sekou Macalou Jimmy Marlu Noa Nakaitaci Emile Ntamack Francis Ntamack Romain Ntamack Yannick Nyanga Fulgence Ouedraogo Alivereti Raka Teddy Thomas Virimi Vakatawa Cameron Woki Other sports edit Christine Arron track and field sprint athlete Surya Bonaly Olympic figure skater Stephen Boyer volleyball player Laura Flessel Colovic fencer Vanessa James Olympic figure skater Gael Monfils tennis player Daniel Narcisse team handball player IHF World Player of the Year 2012 Francis Ngannou mixed martial artist Earvin N Gapeth volleyball player Barthelemy Chinenyeze volleyball player Eric N Gapeth father of Earvin volleyball player Yannick Noah last French French Open tennis winner to this day 1983 current French Davis Cup coach Marie Jose Perec multiple Olympic gold medal sprinter Jackson Richardson team handball player IHF World Player of the Year 1995 Teddy Riner judoka Jo Wilfried Tsonga tennis player In entertainment and media edit nbsp American born Josephine Baker in 1932 distributing pot au feu Josephine Baker dancer singer actress wartime spy for the Free French Resistance and French Airforce lieutenant nurse Darling Legitimus Volpi Cup for Best Actress winning actress Euzhan Palcy film director screenwriter and producer Academy Honorary Award lifetime distinction recipient Guillaume Guillon Lethiere painter Ele Asu journalist and TV presenter of Nigerian descent Edouard Montoute French actor and thespian Dominique Thimbakala TV newscaster for BFM TV Kareen Guiock TV newscaster for M6 Mouss Diouf actor Ladj Ly film director and screenwriter Aya Nakamura singer Miss Dominique singer Fabe rapper Helene and Celia Faussart Les Nubians singing duo Aissa Maiga actress Sonia Rolland actress Imany singer Hubert Kounde actor and thespian Lord Kossity Dancehall musician Dieudonne M bala M bala comedian and anti Zionist activist Fab Morvan model and singer half of Milli Vanilli Audrey Pulvar newscaster and journalist Firmine Richard actress Dominik Bernard stage and film actor and director of Guadeloupe origin Harry Roselmack newscaster Omar Sy Cesar winning actor Olivier Coipel comic book artist Bukola Elemide Female musician Black M rapper Gims rapper Lefa rapper MHD rapper MC Solaar cult French rapper Niska rapper Dadju singer nbsp A painting of black nun Louise Marie Therese from 1695 Shy m pop singer Les Twins new style hip hop dancers Ziak fr rapper Jacky Brown and Ben J Neg Marrons fr reggae amp hip hop duo Ralph Amoussou actor and thespian In literature edit Calixthe Beyala writer Aime Cesaire writer Suzanne Cesaire writer Maryse Conde writer Raphael Confiant writer and academic Leon Damas writer Gerty Dambury writer educator and theatre director from Guadeloupe Fatou Diome best selling and award winning author of Senegalese origin David Diop novelist and academic researcher in 18th century French and Francophone African literature Edouard Glissant writer Viktor Lazlo singer actress and novelist Rene Maran poet and novelist first black writer to win the French Prix Goncourt in 1921 Daniel Maximin poet novelist essayist Jeanne Nardal writer philosopher teacher and political commentator from Martinique Paulette Nardal writer and journalist Marie NDiaye writer Gael Octavia writer playwright film director and painter Daniel Picouly author Gisele Pineau novelist writer and former psychiatric nurse Claude Ribbe writer activist and filmmaker Raphael Tardon writer novelist and essayist of Martinique origin Guy Tirolien poet Joseph Zobel author of several novels and short stories European African or Afro Caribbean descent edit Alexandre Dumas writer Alexandre Dumas fils writer Thomas Alexandre Dumas general in the French Revolution and father of Alexandre Dumas Thierry Dusautoir rugby player Chevalier de Saint Georges composer conductor and violinist master fencer and military man Rudy Gobert basketball player Noemie Lenoir model Chevalier de Meude Monpas French musician and composer Chloe Mortaud Miss France 2009 Anais Mali model Sonia Rolland actress Miss France 2000 Jo Wilfried Tsonga tennis player Gael Monfils tennis player Flora Coquerel Miss France 2014 Alicia Aylies Miss France 2017 Willy William singer and producer Cindy Bruna model Ciryl Gane mixed martial artistSee also edit nbsp France portal nbsp Africa portal Zaire Belgium Switzerland African Americans in France Haitians in France Racism in FranceReferences edit Crumley Bruce 24 March 2009 Should France Count Its Minority Population Time retrieved 11 October 2014 a b Oppenheimer David B 2008 Why France needs to collect data on racial identity in a French way Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 31 2 735 752 SSRN 1236362 Kimmelman Michael 17 June 2008 For blacks in France Obama s rise is reason to rejoice and to hope The New York Times Retrieved 27 October 2009 Bennhold Katrin 3 August 2006 Black anchor fills top spot on French TV International Herald Tribune p 2 Retrieved 27 October 2009 Franceblack Retrieved 6 April 2010 Louis Georges Tin 2008 Who is afraid of Blacks in France The Black question The name taboo the number taboo French Politics Culture amp Society 26 1 32 44 doi 10 3167 fpcs 2008 260103 Black residents of France say they are discriminated against International Herald Tribune 31 January 2007 Retrieved 27 October 2009 France s ethnic minorities To count or not to count The Economist Vol 390 no 8624 28 March 2009 p 62 Chrisafis Angelique 24 February 2007 French presidential candidates divided over race census The Guardian p 25 Retrieved 27 October 2009 a b Lawrence Adria K 2013 Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism Anti Colonial Protest in the French Empire Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1 107 03709 0 Rene Emile BOISNEUF 1873 1927 Biographie extraite du Jean Joly Dictionnaire des parlementaires francais de 1889 a 1940 1946 Pierre Yves Lambert Conseillers generaux d origine non europeenne Archived 15 July 2012 at archive today Suffrage Universel Pierre Yves Lambert Maires metropolitains d origine non europeenne Archived 14 July 2012 at archive today Suffrage Universel Legislatives Rachel Keke Nupes elue dans la 7e circonscription du Val de Marne actu fr in French 19 June 2022 Archived from the original on 20 June 2022 Retrieved 19 June 2022 Mme Fanta Berete Paris 12e circonscription Assemblee nationale www2 assemblee nationale fr Retrieved 4 August 2022 M Carlos Martens Bilongo Val d Oise 8e circonscription Assemblee nationale Mr Carlos Martens Bilongo Val d Oise 8th constituency National Assembly in French Retrieved 5 November 2022 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Black French people amp oldid 1220134192, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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