fbpx
Wikipedia

Bi-articulated bus

October 17, 2023

A bi-articulated bus or double-articulated bus and sometimes train-bus or tram-bus is a type of high-capacity articulated bus with an extra axle and a second articulation joint, as well as extended length. Bi-articulated buses tend to be employed in high-frequency core routes or bus rapid transit schemes rather than in conventional bus routes.

A bi-articulated Van Hool ExquiCity 24 on Mettis services at Metz, France
Curitiba Neobus bodied bi-articulated Volvo B12M running with 100% biofuel. At 28 metres, it is one of the world's longest buses. Each section features train-like doors for rapid exchange of people.

Design considerations Edit

Common bi-articulated buses resemble rail vehicles in design. They often have elevated train-type doors instead of traditional bus doors to use dedicated stations. Payment is typically made at a bus station using a fare gate rather than on the bus.

Compared to using multiple smaller buses on a route, challenges using a bi-articulated bus include:

  • difficulties maneuvering in traffic
  • an increased turning radius
  • the need to have extended length station platforms
  • reduced frequency of service (one larger bus every 10 minutes rather than two regular sized buses coming once every 5 minutes)
  • less flexibility for scheduling, routing, and maintenance.

However, a bi-articulated bus requires fewer drivers relative to the number of passengers per bus.

Early versions Edit

In the late 1980s, the French manufacturers Renault and Heuliez Bus developed the "Mégabus" (officially the Heuliez GX237), a bi-articulated high-floor bus. The demonstrator Mégabus visited transit agencies throughout France, but the only city to order them was Bordeaux (an order of 10 buses, built in 1989). These buses, now retired, were used on Bordeaux's bus route 7[citation needed] until the city's tram system opened in 2004.[1]

Hungarian bus manufacturer Ikarus also developed a bi-articulated bus prototype, the Ikarus 293, in the early 1990s.[2]

 
An AutoTram Extra Grand

In Bucharest, the ITB (today the STB) operated a double articulated trolleybus (unofficially called DAC 122E), made by adding a modified section between the first and the last sections of a DAC 117E articulated trolleybus delivered in 1980, with the rear trailing section coming from a damaged DAC 117E. This vehicle was built to fulfill the need of high capacity person transportation, which was proving difficult for the ITB in 1988, when the prototype was made. However, the DAC 117E's 134 kW traction motor proved insufficient for such a heavy vehicle, let alone the weight of passengers when it operated at full capacity. As a result, the vehicle was very slow and had trouble operating on grades, especially the incline between Cișmigiu Park and University Square. It also had trouble making sharp turns and was difficult to control, especially on snow or ice. This trolleybus was operated on long lines with wide roads and no major turns except the end of the lines like 69 and 90, but occasionally entered on lines 85, 66, 79 and 86. Bucharest traffic became increasingly intense in the very late 1990s, and RATB sought shorter trolleybuses. The DAC 122E was withdrawn from regular service, being occasionally used on lines 69 and 90 until 2000 when it was fully removed from service, displaced by the then-new Ikarus 415Ts and scrapped. Bucharest no longer operates bi-articulated vehicles (except for trams) due to high traffic levels, which is also the reason why between 2007 and 2018, the RATB refused to operate normal articulated buses. A regular double articulated diesel bus was also made but the capital police refused to allow it to be road legal and to register it on the grounds of its excessive length being outside of the highway code (maximum 17m for articulated buses), and was converted to a regular bus shortly after; the trolleybus was allowed to run being part of a different vehicle class owing to its electric traction.

Use Edit

 
A Van Hool bi-articulated bus in Hamburg, Germany

A bi-articulated bus is a long vehicle and usually requires a specially trained driver, as maneuvering (particularly reversing) can be difficult. Articulated electric trolleybuses can be difficult to control, with their motors producing momentary peak power in excess of 600 kilowatts (816 PS; 805 hp). The trailer section of a "puller" bus can be subject to unusual centripetal forces, which many people can find uncomfortable, although this is not an issue with "pushers". Bi-articulated buses are difficult to reverse park as joints force the bus into a zig-zag shape.

The transit system that has used bi-articulated buses the longest is the Rede Integrada de Transporte, in Curitiba, Brazil, which provides a type of service that has come to be known – particularly in American English – as bus rapid transit (BRT), where buses run in dedicated lanes and stop only at enclosed stations. Use of bi-articulated buses began in 1992,[3] with vehicles manufactured by Volvo (chassis) and Marcopolo/Ciferal (body), able to carry up to 270 passengers. Each bi-articulated bus is equipped with five doors where passengers can quickly load and unload. Buses stop only at enclosed, tube-shaped stations, where passengers pre-pay the fare and then board at the same level as the vehicle floor. Curitiba has over 170 bi-articulated buses in operation on routes serving five main corridors of dedicated bus lanes. These buses run on an average period of 50 seconds during peak hours.[citation needed]

Australia Edit

They are planned to be operating on Brisbane Metro which will open in the future.[when?]

Belgium Edit

 
A Ringtrambus hybrid bus in Belgium

On 28 June 2020, the Flemish regional public transport company De Lijn inaugurated the Ringtrambus (route 820) between Brussels Airport and Jette via Vilvoorde, operated half-hourly by 14 24-metre double-articulated buses. The service is presented as a step towards the tramline that was originally proposed.

In Wallonia, TEC has operated a Van Hool AGG300 on line 48, between Liège and Sart-Tilman, from 1998 to 2020.

Brazil Edit

The Brazilian bus body manufacturers Marcopolo, CAIO, Busscar and most lately Neobus have made many bi-articulated buses on top of Volvo chassis. They are currently used in Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Campinas, Goiânia, Curitiba and, outside of Brazil, in Bogotá, Colombia.

In November 2016, Volvo launched the Volvo Gran Artic 300 bi-bus chassis, specifically developed in Brazil for BRT systems. At 30 metres (98 ft) long, this chassis is capable of carrying 300 passengers.[4][5][6]

Canada Edit

In November 2019, Quebec City's Réseau de transport de la Capitale announced that it is planning to open the city's first BRT line along Boulevard Charest by 2026, utilizing a fleet of bi-articulated electric buses. Quebec City is the first and only North American city to make such an announcement.[7]

China Edit

The Chinese manufacturer Youngman developed the JNP6250G bi-articulated bus for 300 passengers[8] with assistance from Neoplan. In 2007, these buses appeared on trial service in Beijing and were thought to be the world's longest, at 25 metres (82 ft) long.[9]

Colombia Edit

TransMilenio in Bogotá has operated bi-articulated buses since 2009, having purchased 120 by 2013.[10][11] In 2020 it will receive a further 58.[12][needs update]

Czech Republic Edit

The Belgian manufacturer Van Hool offers a 25-metre (82 ft) bi-articulated bus with a capacity of about 180 passengers. This bus is used in Prague, with line 119 connecting the Václav Havel Airport Prague with the rest of the city.[13]

Denmark Edit

In September 2023, Aalborg introduced bi-articulated busses (under the name plusbus) running between Væddeløbsbanen and Aalborg University Hospital. [14]

Ecuador Edit

Empresa de Pasajeros de Quito in Quito operates bi-articulated buses since 2016, having purchased 80.[15] They are Volvo DH12D buses, model B340M EURO 3, with a diesel tank capacity of 120 gallons and a power of 340 HP. The chassis is a bi-articulated Volvo B340M. [16]

France Edit

The Swiss manufacturer Hess produces 22 bi-articulated lighTram 25TOSA electric. These units are used in the city of Nantes for the BusWay line 4, to replace the Mercedes-Benz Citaro G CNG of the line, which had become under capacity (these having been assigned to line 5). The line 4 carrying an average of 42,660 per day in 2018,[17] the entry into service of the Hess buses taking place at the end of 2019.

The city of Metz and the Martinique island run Van Hool Exqui.City 24 hybrid diesel-electric and the city of Nîmes in the natural gas-electric version.

Germany Edit

The Belgian manufacturer Van Hool offers a 25-metre (82 ft) bi-articulated bus with a capacity of about 180 passengers. These buses are used in the German cities of Aachen (lines 5 and 45) and Hamburg (Metrobus 5 and Eilbus E86), where single-articulated buses alone were not able to handle the huge number of passengers per day. In Hamburg they were retired in 2018 after 13 years of service as they started to require more and more maintenance due to their growing age and an unusual level of wear and tear, caused by the second articulation joint.[18]

In 2012, Fraunhofer IVI introduced the AutoTram Extra Grand in Dresden.[19] With overall length of 30.73 metres (100 ft 10 in) it is the longest bus in service with a passenger capacity of 256. Its unique 5-axle design is made possible using advanced computer controlled steering on the 3 trailing axles.

Luxembourg Edit

The Swiss manufacturer Hess produces a bi-articulated, hybrid-engine bus based on the LighTram. This type is currently[when?] in use for the Luxembourgian bus operator Voyages Emile Weber.[20]

Netherlands Edit

The Belgian manufacturer Van Hool offers a 25-metre (82 ft) bi-articulated bus with a capacity of about 180 passengers. In September 2002, fifteen were deployed on lines 11 and 12 in Utrecht, connecting the central railway station to office, college and university buildings at the edge of the city.[21] Twelve more have been added since.

From August 2014 to 2016, Swiss manufacturer Hess's bi-articulated LighTram buses were in service in Groningen, Netherlands on the route from the main train station via the city centre to the university north of the city. In 2016 these buses were moved to Utrecht because the few stops and higher speeds on this line made the hybrid engine perform poorly.

Norway Edit

From August 2019 onwards, Trondheim have used Van Hool Exqui.City 24 CNG Hybrid on three core routes, known as the Metrobuss system.

Spain

Barcelona has had 24-meter long bi-articulated buses, running on fossil gas, on line H12 since May 2013.[22]

Sweden Edit

Volvo has manufactured several bi-articulated buses now in use in Gothenburg. They are based on Volvo's "puller"-type articulated, low-floor bus model with the internal combustion engine mounted on the floor on the side of the bus, and the cooling system on the roof. They have not manufactured anymore and are currently being replaced by normal articulated buses.

The city of Malmö is currently[when?] operating one bus line as a bus rapid transit route with 24 meter long, bi-articulated busses from Van Hool, and it is planned to upgrade further local bus routes with these bi-articulated busses.[23]

Switzerland Edit

The Swiss manufacturer Hess produces a bi-articulated trolleybus called LighTram that is in use in several Swiss cities, including Zürich, Geneva, Lausanne and Lucerne.

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ . Archived from the original on December 5, 2007.
  2. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
  3. ^ Bushell, Chris (ed.) (1993). Jane's Urban Transport Systems 1993–94, pp. 79–80. Coulsdon, Surrey (UK): Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-1072-6.
  4. ^ Volvo launches the world's largest bus Volvo Buses November 24, 2016
  5. ^ Volvo will sell the world's largest bus in Brazil Auto Blog November 29, 2016
  6. ^ The world's longest bus Australasian Bus & Coach December 2, 2016
  7. ^ "Réseau". reseaustructurant.info (in French). Retrieved 2020-01-10.
  8. ^ "World's Largest Bus: China's 300 Passenger Youngman JNP6250G Set to Serve Beijing and Hangzhou". 17 January 2012.
  9. ^ an article in Shanghai Daily – 'World's largest' bus debuts in Shanghai By Kat Jiang 2007-3-14
  10. ^ First Set of Transmilenio Bi-articulated Buses Launched in Bogotá Institution for Transport & Development Policy August 19, 2009
  11. ^ Volvo Sells 120 Bi-articulated chassis for Bogotá BRT system Volvo August 27, 2012
  12. ^ Transdev in Colombia extends & expands TransMilenio fleet 2018-05-28 at the Wayback Machine Transdev March 21, 2018
  13. ^ Endrštová, Michaela (2016-11-14). "Na letiště začal jezdit nejdelší autobus v Česku. Je to zážitek, říká řidič". iDnes (in Czech). MAFRA a.s. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  14. ^ https://plusbus.dk/
  15. ^ "Los biarticulados se probarán por tres semanas en Quito".
  16. ^ https://www.trolebus.gob.ec/index.php/gestion/nuestra-flota
  17. ^ "Le BusWay à la Nantaise" (in French). 4 July 2021.
  18. ^ "Tschüs, Langer! Heute rollt der letzte XXL-Bus durch Hamburg" (in German). Hamburger Morgenpost. 14 September 2018. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
  19. ^ "Fraunhofer IVI AutoTram".
  20. ^ "News archive for Luxembourg" (in German). stadtbus.de. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
  21. ^ (in Dutch). Het GVU – Openbaar Vervoer in Utrecht en omgeving. Archived from the original on 2007-02-06. Retrieved 2007-01-07.
  22. ^ "El primer híbrid biarticulat s'estrena amb passatge a la H12 | GenTMB". gentmb.tmb.cat. Retrieved 2022-07-08.
  23. ^ Pershaf, Jonathan. "Bus Rapid Transit – MalmöExpressen". Nobina. Retrieved 2021-09-18.

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bi-articulated buses.
  • Photo of an early Van Hool AGG300
    • showing the articulation better

October 17, 2023
articulated, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, style, several, templates, tools, available, assis. This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation September 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Bi articulated bus news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message A bi articulated bus or double articulated bus and sometimes train bus or tram bus is a type of high capacity articulated bus with an extra axle and a second articulation joint as well as extended length Bi articulated buses tend to be employed in high frequency core routes or bus rapid transit schemes rather than in conventional bus routes A bi articulated Van Hool ExquiCity 24 on Mettis services at Metz FranceCuritiba Neobus bodied bi articulated Volvo B12M running with 100 biofuel At 28 metres it is one of the world s longest buses Each section features train like doors for rapid exchange of people Contents 1 Design considerations 2 Early versions 3 Use 3 1 Australia 3 2 Belgium 3 3 Brazil 3 4 Canada 3 5 China 3 6 Colombia 3 7 Czech Republic 3 8 Denmark 3 9 Ecuador 3 10 France 3 11 Germany 3 12 Luxembourg 3 13 Netherlands 3 14 Norway 3 15 Sweden 3 16 Switzerland 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksDesign considerations EditCommon bi articulated buses resemble rail vehicles in design They often have elevated train type doors instead of traditional bus doors to use dedicated stations Payment is typically made at a bus station using a fare gate rather than on the bus Compared to using multiple smaller buses on a route challenges using a bi articulated bus include difficulties maneuvering in traffic an increased turning radius the need to have extended length station platforms reduced frequency of service one larger bus every 10 minutes rather than two regular sized buses coming once every 5 minutes less flexibility for scheduling routing and maintenance However a bi articulated bus requires fewer drivers relative to the number of passengers per bus Early versions EditIn the late 1980s the French manufacturers Renault and Heuliez Bus developed the Megabus officially the Heuliez GX237 a bi articulated high floor bus The demonstrator Megabus visited transit agencies throughout France but the only city to order them was Bordeaux an order of 10 buses built in 1989 These buses now retired were used on Bordeaux s bus route 7 citation needed until the city s tram system opened in 2004 1 Hungarian bus manufacturer Ikarus also developed a bi articulated bus prototype the Ikarus 293 in the early 1990s 2 nbsp An AutoTram Extra GrandIn Bucharest the ITB today the STB operated a double articulated trolleybus unofficially called DAC 122E made by adding a modified section between the first and the last sections of a DAC 117E articulated trolleybus delivered in 1980 with the rear trailing section coming from a damaged DAC 117E This vehicle was built to fulfill the need of high capacity person transportation which was proving difficult for the ITB in 1988 when the prototype was made However the DAC 117E s 134 kW traction motor proved insufficient for such a heavy vehicle let alone the weight of passengers when it operated at full capacity As a result the vehicle was very slow and had trouble operating on grades especially the incline between Cișmigiu Park and University Square It also had trouble making sharp turns and was difficult to control especially on snow or ice This trolleybus was operated on long lines with wide roads and no major turns except the end of the lines like 69 and 90 but occasionally entered on lines 85 66 79 and 86 Bucharest traffic became increasingly intense in the very late 1990s and RATB sought shorter trolleybuses The DAC 122E was withdrawn from regular service being occasionally used on lines 69 and 90 until 2000 when it was fully removed from service displaced by the then new Ikarus 415Ts and scrapped Bucharest no longer operates bi articulated vehicles except for trams due to high traffic levels which is also the reason why between 2007 and 2018 the RATB refused to operate normal articulated buses A regular double articulated diesel bus was also made but the capital police refused to allow it to be road legal and to register it on the grounds of its excessive length being outside of the highway code maximum 17m for articulated buses and was converted to a regular bus shortly after the trolleybus was allowed to run being part of a different vehicle class owing to its electric traction Use Edit nbsp A Van Hool bi articulated bus in Hamburg GermanyA bi articulated bus is a long vehicle and usually requires a specially trained driver as maneuvering particularly reversing can be difficult Articulated electric trolleybuses can be difficult to control with their motors producing momentary peak power in excess of 600 kilowatts 816 PS 805 hp The trailer section of a puller bus can be subject to unusual centripetal forces which many people can find uncomfortable although this is not an issue with pushers Bi articulated buses are difficult to reverse park as joints force the bus into a zig zag shape The transit system that has used bi articulated buses the longest is the Rede Integrada de Transporte in Curitiba Brazil which provides a type of service that has come to be known particularly in American English as bus rapid transit BRT where buses run in dedicated lanes and stop only at enclosed stations Use of bi articulated buses began in 1992 3 with vehicles manufactured by Volvo chassis and Marcopolo Ciferal body able to carry up to 270 passengers Each bi articulated bus is equipped with five doors where passengers can quickly load and unload Buses stop only at enclosed tube shaped stations where passengers pre pay the fare and then board at the same level as the vehicle floor Curitiba has over 170 bi articulated buses in operation on routes serving five main corridors of dedicated bus lanes These buses run on an average period of 50 seconds during peak hours citation needed Australia Edit They are planned to be operating on Brisbane Metro which will open in the future when Belgium Edit nbsp A Ringtrambus hybrid bus in BelgiumOn 28 June 2020 the Flemish regional public transport company De Lijn inaugurated the Ringtrambus route 820 between Brussels Airport and Jette via Vilvoorde operated half hourly by 14 24 metre double articulated buses The service is presented as a step towards the tramline that was originally proposed In Wallonia TEC has operated a Van Hool AGG300 on line 48 between Liege and Sart Tilman from 1998 to 2020 Brazil Edit The Brazilian bus body manufacturers Marcopolo CAIO Busscar and most lately Neobus have made many bi articulated buses on top of Volvo chassis They are currently used in Rio de Janeiro Sao Paulo Campinas Goiania Curitiba and outside of Brazil in Bogota Colombia In November 2016 Volvo launched the Volvo Gran Artic 300 bi bus chassis specifically developed in Brazil for BRT systems At 30 metres 98 ft long this chassis is capable of carrying 300 passengers 4 5 6 Canada Edit In November 2019 Quebec City s Reseau de transport de la Capitale announced that it is planning to open the city s first BRT line along Boulevard Charest by 2026 utilizing a fleet of bi articulated electric buses Quebec City is the first and only North American city to make such an announcement 7 China Edit The Chinese manufacturer Youngman developed the JNP6250G bi articulated bus for 300 passengers 8 with assistance from Neoplan In 2007 these buses appeared on trial service in Beijing and were thought to be the world s longest at 25 metres 82 ft long 9 Colombia Edit TransMilenio in Bogota has operated bi articulated buses since 2009 having purchased 120 by 2013 10 11 In 2020 it will receive a further 58 12 needs update Czech Republic Edit The Belgian manufacturer Van Hool offers a 25 metre 82 ft bi articulated bus with a capacity of about 180 passengers This bus is used in Prague with line 119 connecting the Vaclav Havel Airport Prague with the rest of the city 13 Denmark Edit In September 2023 Aalborg introduced bi articulated busses under the name plusbus running between Vaeddelobsbanen and Aalborg University Hospital 14 Ecuador Edit Empresa de Pasajeros de Quito in Quito operates bi articulated buses since 2016 having purchased 80 15 They are Volvo DH12D buses model B340M EURO 3 with a diesel tank capacity of 120 gallons and a power of 340 HP The chassis is a bi articulated Volvo B340M 16 France Edit The Swiss manufacturer Hess produces 22 bi articulated lighTram 25TOSA electric These units are used in the city of Nantes for the BusWay line 4 to replace the Mercedes Benz Citaro G CNG of the line which had become under capacity these having been assigned to line 5 The line 4 carrying an average of 42 660 per day in 2018 17 the entry into service of the Hess buses taking place at the end of 2019 The city of Metz and the Martinique island run Van Hool Exqui City 24 hybrid diesel electric and the city of Nimes in the natural gas electric version Germany Edit The Belgian manufacturer Van Hool offers a 25 metre 82 ft bi articulated bus with a capacity of about 180 passengers These buses are used in the German cities of Aachen lines 5 and 45 and Hamburg Metrobus 5 and Eilbus E86 where single articulated buses alone were not able to handle the huge number of passengers per day In Hamburg they were retired in 2018 after 13 years of service as they started to require more and more maintenance due to their growing age and an unusual level of wear and tear caused by the second articulation joint 18 In 2012 Fraunhofer IVI introduced the AutoTram Extra Grand in Dresden 19 With overall length of 30 73 metres 100 ft 10 in it is the longest bus in service with a passenger capacity of 256 Its unique 5 axle design is made possible using advanced computer controlled steering on the 3 trailing axles Luxembourg Edit The Swiss manufacturer Hess produces a bi articulated hybrid engine bus based on the LighTram This type is currently when in use for the Luxembourgian bus operator Voyages Emile Weber 20 Netherlands Edit The Belgian manufacturer Van Hool offers a 25 metre 82 ft bi articulated bus with a capacity of about 180 passengers In September 2002 fifteen were deployed on lines 11 and 12 in Utrecht connecting the central railway station to office college and university buildings at the edge of the city 21 Twelve more have been added since From August 2014 to 2016 Swiss manufacturer Hess s bi articulated LighTram buses were in service in Groningen Netherlands on the route from the main train station via the city centre to the university north of the city In 2016 these buses were moved to Utrecht because the few stops and higher speeds on this line made the hybrid engine perform poorly Norway Edit From August 2019 onwards Trondheim have used Van Hool Exqui City 24 CNG Hybrid on three core routes known as the Metrobuss system SpainBarcelona has had 24 meter long bi articulated buses running on fossil gas on line H12 since May 2013 22 Sweden Edit Volvo has manufactured several bi articulated buses now in use in Gothenburg They are based on Volvo s puller type articulated low floor bus model with the internal combustion engine mounted on the floor on the side of the bus and the cooling system on the roof They have not manufactured anymore and are currently being replaced by normal articulated buses The city of Malmo is currently when operating one bus line as a bus rapid transit route with 24 meter long bi articulated busses from Van Hool and it is planned to upgrade further local bus routes with these bi articulated busses 23 Switzerland Edit The Swiss manufacturer Hess produces a bi articulated trolleybus called LighTram that is in use in several Swiss cities including Zurich Geneva Lausanne and Lucerne See also Edit nbsp Buses portalAutonomous Rail Rapid Transit Bombardier Guided Light Transit List of buses Road train Trailer busReferences Edit French buses the Megabus and other PR100 oddities Archived from the original on December 5 2007 Autobusove noviny IKARUS 293 Archived from the original on 2011 07 18 Retrieved 2010 11 12 Bushell Chris ed 1993 Jane s Urban Transport Systems 1993 94 pp 79 80 Coulsdon Surrey UK Jane s Information Group ISBN 0 7106 1072 6 Volvo launches the world s largest bus Volvo Buses November 24 2016 Volvo will sell the world s largest bus in Brazil Auto Blog November 29 2016 The world s longest bus Australasian Bus amp Coach December 2 2016 Reseau reseaustructurant info in French Retrieved 2020 01 10 World s Largest Bus China s 300 Passenger Youngman JNP6250G Set to Serve Beijing and Hangzhou 17 January 2012 an article in Shanghai Daily World s largest bus debuts in Shanghai By Kat Jiang 2007 3 14 First Set of Transmilenio Bi articulated Buses Launched in Bogota Institution for Transport amp Development Policy August 19 2009 Volvo Sells 120 Bi articulated chassis for Bogota BRT system Volvo August 27 2012 Transdev in Colombia extends amp expands TransMilenio fleet Archived 2018 05 28 at the Wayback Machine Transdev March 21 2018 Endrstova Michaela 2016 11 14 Na letiste zacal jezdit nejdelsi autobus v Cesku Je to zazitek rika ridic iDnes in Czech MAFRA a s Retrieved 23 June 2018 https plusbus dk Los biarticulados se probaran por tres semanas en Quito https www trolebus gob ec index php gestion nuestra flota Le BusWay a la Nantaise in French 4 July 2021 Tschus Langer Heute rollt der letzte XXL Bus durch Hamburg in German Hamburger Morgenpost 14 September 2018 Retrieved 2018 09 15 Fraunhofer IVI AutoTram News archive for Luxembourg in German stadtbus de Retrieved 2010 09 27 Geschiedenis in vogelvlucht in Dutch Het GVU Openbaar Vervoer in Utrecht en omgeving Archived from the original on 2007 02 06 Retrieved 2007 01 07 El primer hibrid biarticulat s estrena amb passatge a la H12 GenTMB gentmb tmb cat Retrieved 2022 07 08 Pershaf Jonathan Bus Rapid Transit MalmoExpressen Nobina Retrieved 2021 09 18 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bi articulated buses Photo of an early Van Hool AGG300 Image gallery of Volvo BRT systems some bi articulated Details of the Renault Heuliez Megabus Press release about introduction of Volvo bi articulated buses in Gothenburg Sweden showing the articulation better Youngman Neoplan China Flash JavaScript Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bi articulated bus amp oldid 1179516233, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.