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Bidens

February 16, 2024

This article is about the plant genus. For Joe Biden's family, see Family of Joe Biden. For the singular, see Biden (disambiguation).

Bidens is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae.[3] The genus include roughly 230 species which are distributed worldwide.[4] Despite their global distribution, the systematics and taxonomy of the genus has been described as complicated and unorganized.[4][5] The common names beggarticks, black jack, burr marigolds, cobbler's pegs, Spanish needles, stickseeds, tickseeds and tickseed sunflowers refer to the fruits of the plants, most of which are bristly and barbed. The generic name refers to the same character; Bidens comes from the Latin bis ("two") and dens ("tooth").[3]

Bidens
Bidens tripartita
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Coreopsideae
Genus: Bidens
L.[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Ceratocephalus Cass.
  • Campylotheca Cass.
  • Microlecane Sch.Bip. ex Benth. & Hook.f.
  • Diatonta Walp.
  • Microlecana Sch.Bip.
  • Delucia DC.
  • Bidens sect. Eubidens Boerl.
  • Dolichotheca Cass.
  • Forbicina Ség.
  • Edwarsia Neck.
  • Kerneria Moench
  • Ceratocephalus Vaill.
  • Bidens subg. Kerneria Cass.
  • Bidens sect. Adenolepis Boerl.

Distribution edit

Bidens includes roughly 230 species which are distributed worldwide[4] throughout many tropical and warm temperate regions.[6] Species occur in the Americas, Africa, Polynesia, Europe and Asia.[7]

Phylogeny, taxonomy and diversity edit

 
Bidens cernua

Despite their global distribution, the systematics and taxonomy of the genus has been described as complicated and unorganized.[4][5] The genus include roughly 230 species.[6][8]

Bidens is closely related to the American genus Coreopsis, and the genera are sometimes difficult to tell apart; in addition, neither is monophyletic.[9]

Propagation edit

Bidens are zoochorous; their seeds will stick to clothing, fur or feathers, and be carried to new habitat. This has enabled them to colonize a wide range, including many oceanic islands. Some of these species occur only in a very restricted range and several are now threatened with extinction, notably in the Hawaiian Islands. Due to the absence of native mammals on these islands, some of the oceanic island taxa have reduced burrs, evolving features that seem to aid in dispersal by the wind instead.

Human use and interactions edit

Nodding beggarticks (B. cernua) and hairy beggarticks (B. pilosa) are useful as honey plants. Several Bidens species are used as food by the caterpillars of certain Lepidoptera, such as the noctuid moth Hypercompe hambletoni and the brush-footed butterfly Vanessa cardui, the painted lady.

The Bidens mottle virus, a plant pathogen, was first isolated from B. pilosa, and it infects many other Asteraceae and plants of other families.

Native Hawaiians drink a special tea out of their leaves (known collectively as koʻokoʻolau)[10] back when they were abundant in Hawaii.

Species edit

Species include:[3][11][12][13]

  • Bidens alba (L.) DC. – romerillo
  • Bidens amplectens Sherff – Waiʻanae kokoʻolau
  • Bidens amplissima Greene – Vancouver Island beggarticks
  • Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britt. – bearded beggarticks, long-bracted beggarticks, tickseed sunflower, western tickseed
  • Bidens asymmetrica (Levl.) Sherff – Koʻolau kokoʻolau, Ko'olau Range beggarticks
  • Bidens aurea (Ait.) Sherff – Arizona beggarticks
  • Bidens beckii – Beck's water-marigold, Henderson's water-marigold, Oregon water-marigold
  • Bidens bidentoides (Nutt.) Britt. – Delmarva beggarticks
  • Bidens bigelovii A.Gray – Bigelow's beggarticks
  • Bidens bipinnata L. – Spanish needles, hemlock beggarticks, gui zheng cao (Chinese: 鬼針草)
  • Bidens biternata
  • Bidens cabopulmensis
  • Bidens campylotheca Sch.Bip.– viper beggarticks
  • Bidens cernua L. (syn. B. glaucescens Greene) – nodding beggarticks, nodding bur-marigold
  • Bidens cervicata Sherff – Kauaʻi beggarticks
  • Bidens chippii (M.B.Moss) Mesfin
  • Bidens conjuncta Sherff – bog beggarticks
  • Bidens connata[14] Muhl. ex Willd. – purplestem beggarticks
  • Bidens coronata (L.) Britt. – crowned beggarticks
  • Bidens cosmoides (A.Gray) Sherff – cosmosflower beggarticks, poʻola nui
  • Bidens cynapiifolia Kunth – West Indian beggarticks, alfilerillo
  • Bidens discoidea (Torr. & A.Gray) Britt. – discoid beggarticks, small beggarticks, swamp beggarticks, few-bracted beggarticks
  • Bidens eatonii Fern. – Eaton's beggarticks, bident d'Eaton
  • Bidens ferulifolia (Jacq.) DC. – Apache beggarticks, fern-leaved beggarticks
  • Bidens forbesii Sherff – coastal bluff beggarticks
  • Bidens frondosa L. – devil's beggarticks, devil's pitchfork, devil's bootjack, pitchfork weed, common beggarticks, sticktights. Pitchfork weed (B. frondosa) is considered to be a weed in New Zealand.
  • Bidens gardneri Baker – ridge beggarticks
  • Bidens hawaiensis A.Gray – Hawaiʻi beggarticks
  • Bidens henryi Sherff
  • Bidens heterodoxa (Fern.) Fern. & H.St.John – Connecticut beggarticks, bident différent
  • Bidens heterosperma Gray – Rocky Mountain beggarticks
  • Bidens hillebrandiana (Drake) O.Deg. – seacliff beggarticks
  • Bidens hyperborea Greene – estuary beggarticks, coastal beggarticks, northern estuarine beggarticks, seacliff beggarticks
  • Bidens laevis (L.) B.S.P. – smooth beggarticks, smooth bur-marigold, larger bur-marigold. Smooth beggarticks (B. laevis) is a common fall flower in the southeastern United States.
  • Bidens lemmonii Gray – Lemmon's beggarticks
  • Bidens leptocephala Sherff – few-flowered beggarticks
  • Bidens leptophylla
  • Bidens macrocarpa (Gray) Sherff – large-fruited beggarticks
  • Bidens macroptera (Sch.Bip. ex Chiov.) Mesfin
  • Bidens mannii T.G.J.Rayner
  • Bidens mauiensis (Gray) Sherff – Maui beggarticks
  • Bidens maximowicziana
  • Bidens menziesii (Gray) Sherff – Mauna Loa beggarticks
  • Bidens meyeri V.A.Funk & K.R.Wood
  • Bidens micrantha Gaud. – grassland beggarticks
    • B. micrantha ssp. kalealaha Nagata & Ganders – Kalealaha beggarticks
  • Bidens mitis (Michx.) Sherff – small-fruited beggarticks
  • Bidens molokaiensis (Hillebr.) Sherff – Molokaʻi beggarticks, wedge beggarticks
  • Bidens × multiceps Fassett
  • Bidens nudata Brandegee – Cape beggar's tick, Baja tickseed
  • Bidens parviflora
  • Bidens pachyloma – Meskel Flower
  • Bidens pilosa S.F.Blake – hairy beggarticks
  • Bidens polylepis S.F.Blake
  • Bidens populifolia Sherff – Oʻahu beggarticks
  • Bidens radiata
  • Bidens reptans (L.) G.Don – manzanilla trepador
  • Bidens sandvicensis Less. – shrubland beggarticks
  • Bidens schimperi Sch.Bip.
  • Bidens simplicifolia C.H.Wright
  • Bidens socorrensis
  • Bidens squarrosa Kunth
  • Bidens subalternans DC.
  • Bidens tenuisecta A.Gray – slim-lobed beggarticks
  • Bidens torta Sherff – corkscrew beggarticks
  • Bidens trichosperma (Michx.) Britton – crowned beggarticks
  • Bidens tripartita L. (syn. B. acuta, B. comosa) – three-lobed beggarticks, three-part beggarticks, leafy-bracted beggarticks, trifid bur-marigold
  • Bidens triplinervia Kunth
    • B. triplinervia var. macrantha (Wedd.) Sherff
  • Bidens valida Sherff – Mt. Kahili beggarticks
  • Bidens vulgata Greene – big devil's beggarticks, tall beggarticks, tall bur-marigold, western sticktight
  • Bidens wiebkei Sherff – Wiebke's beggarticks

Formerly placed here edit

Photo gallery edit

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References edit

  1. ^ . Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
  2. ^ Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-11-09 at archive.today
  3. ^ a b c Bidens. Flora of North America.
  4. ^ a b c d Knope, M. L., Funk, V. A., Johnson, M. A., Wagner, W. L., Datlof, E. M., Johnson, G., ... & Carlquist, S. (2020). Dispersal and adaptive radiation of Bidens (Compositae) across the remote archipelagoes of Polynesia. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 58(6), 805-822.
  5. ^ a b Ganders, F. R., Berbee, M., & Perseyedi, M. (2000). ITS base sequence phylogeny in Bidens (Asteraceae): Evidence for the continental relatives of Hawaiian and Marquesan Bidens. Systematic Botany, 25(1), 122-133.
  6. ^ a b Bidens. New South Wales Flora Online. National Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney.
  7. ^ Ganders, F. R., et al. (2000). ITS base sequence phylogeny in Bidens (Asteraceae): Evidence for the continental relatives of Hawaiian and Marquesan Bidens. Systematic Botany 25(1) 122-33.
  8. ^ Bidens. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
  9. ^ Crawford, D. J. and M. E. Mort. (2005). Phylogeny of Eastern North American Coreopsis (Asteraceae-Coreopsideae): insights from nuclear and plastid sequences, and comments on character evolution. American Journal of Botany 92(2), 330-36.
  10. ^ Chock, Alvin K. (1968). "Hawaiian Ethnobotanical Studies I. Native Food and Beverage Plants". Economic Botany. 22 (3): 232. ISSN 0013-0001.
  11. ^ Bidens. Flora of China.
  12. ^ a b . Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2009-01-20. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
  13. ^ "Bidens". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
  14. ^ Crowe, D. R. and W. H. Parker. (1981). Hybridization and agamospermy of Bidens in northwestern Ontario. 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine Taxon 30(4): 749-60.

External links edit

February 16, 2024
bidens, this, article, about, plant, genus, biden, family, family, biden, singular, biden, disambiguation, genus, flowering, plants, aster, family, asteraceae, genus, include, roughly, species, which, distributed, worldwide, despite, their, global, distributio. This article is about the plant genus For Joe Biden s family see Family of Joe Biden For the singular see Biden disambiguation Bidens is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family Asteraceae 3 The genus include roughly 230 species which are distributed worldwide 4 Despite their global distribution the systematics and taxonomy of the genus has been described as complicated and unorganized 4 5 The common names beggarticks black jack burr marigolds cobbler s pegs Spanish needles stickseeds tickseeds and tickseed sunflowers refer to the fruits of the plants most of which are bristly and barbed The generic name refers to the same character Bidens comes from the Latin bis two and dens tooth 3 BidensBidens tripartitaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder AsteralesFamily AsteraceaeSubfamily AsteroideaeTribe CoreopsideaeGenus BidensL 1 Synonyms 2 Ceratocephalus Cass Campylotheca Cass Microlecane Sch Bip ex Benth amp Hook f Diatonta Walp Microlecana Sch Bip Delucia DC Bidens sect Eubidens Boerl Dolichotheca Cass Forbicina Seg Edwarsia Neck Kerneria Moench Ceratocephalus Vaill Bidens subg Kerneria Cass Bidens sect Adenolepis Boerl Contents 1 Distribution 2 Phylogeny taxonomy and diversity 3 Propagation 4 Human use and interactions 5 Species 5 1 Formerly placed here 6 Photo gallery 7 References 8 External linksDistribution editBidens includes roughly 230 species which are distributed worldwide 4 throughout many tropical and warm temperate regions 6 Species occur in the Americas Africa Polynesia Europe and Asia 7 Phylogeny taxonomy and diversity edit nbsp Bidens cernuaDespite their global distribution the systematics and taxonomy of the genus has been described as complicated and unorganized 4 5 The genus include roughly 230 species 6 8 Bidens is closely related to the American genus Coreopsis and the genera are sometimes difficult to tell apart in addition neither is monophyletic 9 Propagation editBidens are zoochorous their seeds will stick to clothing fur or feathers and be carried to new habitat This has enabled them to colonize a wide range including many oceanic islands Some of these species occur only in a very restricted range and several are now threatened with extinction notably in the Hawaiian Islands Due to the absence of native mammals on these islands some of the oceanic island taxa have reduced burrs evolving features that seem to aid in dispersal by the wind instead Human use and interactions editNodding beggarticks B cernua and hairy beggarticks B pilosa are useful as honey plants Several Bidens species are used as food by the caterpillars of certain Lepidoptera such as the noctuid moth Hypercompe hambletoni and the brush footed butterfly Vanessa cardui the painted lady The Bidens mottle virus a plant pathogen was first isolated from B pilosa and it infects many other Asteraceae and plants of other families Native Hawaiians drink a special tea out of their leaves known collectively as koʻokoʻolau 10 back when they were abundant in Hawaii Species editSpecies include 3 11 12 13 Bidens alba L DC romerillo Bidens amplectens Sherff Waiʻanae kokoʻolau Bidens amplissima Greene Vancouver Island beggarticks Bidens aristosa Michx Britt bearded beggarticks long bracted beggarticks tickseed sunflower western tickseed Bidens asymmetrica Levl Sherff Koʻolau kokoʻolau Ko olau Range beggarticks Bidens aurea Ait Sherff Arizona beggarticks Bidens beckii Beck s water marigold Henderson s water marigold Oregon water marigold Bidens bidentoides Nutt Britt Delmarva beggarticks Bidens bigelovii A Gray Bigelow s beggarticks Bidens bipinnata L Spanish needles hemlock beggarticks gui zheng cao Chinese 鬼針草 Bidens biternata Bidens cabopulmensis Bidens campylotheca Sch Bip viper beggarticks Bidens cernua L syn B glaucescens Greene nodding beggarticks nodding bur marigold Bidens cervicata Sherff Kauaʻi beggarticks Bidens chippii M B Moss Mesfin Bidens conjuncta Sherff bog beggarticks Bidens connata 14 Muhl ex Willd purplestem beggarticks Bidens coronata L Britt crowned beggarticks Bidens cosmoides A Gray Sherff cosmosflower beggarticks poʻola nui Bidens cynapiifolia Kunth West Indian beggarticks alfilerillo Bidens discoidea Torr amp A Gray Britt discoid beggarticks small beggarticks swamp beggarticks few bracted beggarticks Bidens eatonii Fern Eaton s beggarticks bident d Eaton Bidens ferulifolia Jacq DC Apache beggarticks fern leaved beggarticks Bidens forbesii Sherff coastal bluff beggarticks Bidens frondosa L devil s beggarticks devil s pitchfork devil s bootjack pitchfork weed common beggarticks sticktights Pitchfork weed B frondosa is considered to be a weed in New Zealand Bidens gardneri Baker ridge beggarticks Bidens hawaiensis A Gray Hawaiʻi beggarticks Bidens henryi Sherff Bidens heterodoxa Fern Fern amp H St John Connecticut beggarticks bident different Bidens heterosperma Gray Rocky Mountain beggarticks Bidens hillebrandiana Drake O Deg seacliff beggarticks Bidens hyperborea Greene estuary beggarticks coastal beggarticks northern estuarine beggarticks seacliff beggarticks Bidens laevis L B S P smooth beggarticks smooth bur marigold larger bur marigold Smooth beggarticks B laevis is a common fall flower in the southeastern United States Bidens lemmonii Gray Lemmon s beggarticks Bidens leptocephala Sherff few flowered beggarticks Bidens leptophylla Bidens macrocarpa Gray Sherff large fruited beggarticks Bidens macroptera Sch Bip ex Chiov Mesfin Bidens mannii T G J Rayner Bidens mauiensis Gray Sherff Maui beggarticks Bidens maximowicziana Bidens menziesii Gray Sherff Mauna Loa beggarticks Bidens meyeri V A Funk amp K R Wood Bidens micrantha Gaud grassland beggarticks B micrantha ssp kalealaha Nagata amp Ganders Kalealaha beggarticks Bidens mitis Michx Sherff small fruited beggarticks Bidens molokaiensis Hillebr Sherff Molokaʻi beggarticks wedge beggarticks Bidens multiceps Fassett Bidens nudata Brandegee Cape beggar s tick Baja tickseed Bidens parviflora Bidens pachyloma Meskel Flower Bidens pilosa S F Blake hairy beggarticks Bidens polylepis S F Blake Bidens populifolia Sherff Oʻahu beggarticks Bidens radiata Bidens reptans L G Don manzanilla trepador Bidens sandvicensis Less shrubland beggarticks Bidens schimperi Sch Bip Bidens simplicifolia C H Wright Bidens socorrensis Bidens squarrosa Kunth Bidens subalternans DC Bidens tenuisecta A Gray slim lobed beggarticks Bidens torta Sherff corkscrew beggarticks Bidens trichosperma Michx Britton crowned beggarticks Bidens tripartita L syn B acuta B comosa three lobed beggarticks three part beggarticks leafy bracted beggarticks trifid bur marigold Bidens triplinervia Kunth B triplinervia var macrantha Wedd Sherff Bidens valida Sherff Mt Kahili beggarticks Bidens vulgata Greene big devil s beggarticks tall beggarticks tall bur marigold western sticktight Bidens wiebkei Sherff Wiebke s beggarticksFormerly placed here edit Cosmos atrosanguineus Hook Voss as B atrosanguinea Hook Ortgies ex Regel Cosmos bipinnatus Cav as B formosa Bonato Sch Bip Melanthera nivea L Small as B nivea L Salmea scandens L DC as B scandens L Thelesperma megapotamicum Spreng Kuntze as B megapotamica Spreng 12 Photo gallery edit nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp References edit Genus Bidens L Germplasm Resources Information Network United States Department of Agriculture 2007 10 05 Archived from the original on 2011 06 29 Retrieved 2011 02 12 Flann C ed 2009 Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014 11 09 at archive today a b c Bidens Flora of North America a b c d Knope M L Funk V A Johnson M A Wagner W L Datlof E M Johnson G amp Carlquist S 2020 Dispersal and adaptive radiation of Bidens Compositae across the remote archipelagoes of Polynesia Journal of Systematics and Evolution 58 6 805 822 a b Ganders F R Berbee M amp Perseyedi M 2000 ITS base sequence phylogeny in Bidens Asteraceae Evidence for the continental relatives of Hawaiian and Marquesan Bidens Systematic Botany 25 1 122 133 a b Bidens New South Wales Flora Online National Herbarium Royal Botanic Garden Sydney Ganders F R et al 2000 ITS base sequence phylogeny in Bidens Asteraceae Evidence for the continental relatives of Hawaiian and Marquesan Bidens Systematic Botany 25 1 122 33 Bidens The Jepson eFlora 2013 Crawford D J and M E Mort 2005 Phylogeny of Eastern North American Coreopsis Asteraceae Coreopsideae insights from nuclear and plastid sequences and comments on character evolution American Journal of Botany 92 2 330 36 Chock Alvin K 1968 Hawaiian Ethnobotanical Studies I Native Food and Beverage Plants Economic Botany 22 3 232 ISSN 0013 0001 Bidens Flora of China a b GRIN Species Records of Bidens Germplasm Resources Information Network United States Department of Agriculture Archived from the original on 2009 01 20 Retrieved 2011 02 12 Bidens Integrated Taxonomic Information System Retrieved 2011 02 12 Crowe D R and W H Parker 1981 Hybridization and agamospermy of Bidens in northwestern Ontario Archived 2016 03 03 at the Wayback Machine Taxon 30 4 749 60 External links edit nbsp Media related to Bidens at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Bidens at Wikispecies Bur Marigold New International Encyclopedia 1905 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bidens amp oldid 1193404473, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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