Battle Creek, Michigan
Battle Creek is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan, in northwest Calhoun County, at the confluence of the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek rivers. It is the principal city of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which encompasses all of Calhoun County. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 52,731.[8] Nicknamed "Cereal City", it is best known as the home of the Kellogg Company and the founding city of Post Consumer Brands.
Battle Creek | |
|---|---|
| City of Battle Creek | |
View of Downtown Battle Creek | |
Flag Seal | |
| Nickname: "Cereal City"[1] | |
Location of Battle Creek within Michigan | |
Battle Creek Location in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 42°18′44″N 85°12′15″W / 42.31222°N 85.20417°WCoordinates: 42°18′44″N 85°12′15″W / 42.31222°N 85.20417°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Michigan |
| County | Calhoun |
| Settled | 1831 |
| Incorporation | 1859 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Council-Manager |
| • Mayor | Mark Behnke[2] (R)[3] |
| • City Manager | Rebecca Fleury[4] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 43.74 sq mi (113.27 km2) |
| • Land | 42.59 sq mi (110.30 km2) |
| • Water | 1.15 sq mi (2.97 km2) |
| Elevation | 840 ft (256 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 52,721 |
| • Density | 1,237.96/sq mi (477.98/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (Eastern) |
| ZIP Codes | 49014–49018, 49037 |
| Area code | 269 |
| FIPS code | 26-05920[6] |
| GNIS feature ID | 0620755[7] |
| Website | www.battlecreekmi.gov |
Toponym
One local legend says Battle Creek was named after an encounter between a federal government land survey party led by Colonel John Mullett and two Potawatomi in March 1824. The two Potawatomi had approached the camp asking for food because they were hungry as the US Army was late delivering supplies promised to them under the 1821 Treaty of Chicago. After a protracted discussion, the Native Americans allegedly tried to take food. One of the surveyors shot and seriously wounded one Potawatomi. Following the encounter, the survey party retreated to Detroit.[9] Surveyors would not return to the area until June 1825, after Governor Lewis Cass had settled issues with the Native Americans. Early white settlers called the nearby stream Battle Creek River and the town took its name from that.[10][11][12][13][14]
Another folk etymology is attributed to the local river, which was known as Waupakisco by Native Americans. The Waupakisco or Waupokisco was supposedly a reference to a battle or fight fought between indigenous tribes before the arrival of Europeans. However, Virgil J. Vogel, professor emeritus of history and social science at Harry S. Truman College in Chicago, believes the native name has "nothing to do with blood or battle".[10][15]
History
In about 1774, the Potawatomi and the Ottawa Native American tribes formed a joint village near the future Battle Creek, Michigan.[16] The first permanent European settlements in Battle Creek Township, after the removal of the Potawatomi to a reservation, began about 1831. Westward migration from New York and New England had increased to Michigan following the completion of the Erie Canal in New York in 1824. Most settlers chose to locate on the Goguac prairie, which was fertile and easily cultivated. A post office was opened in Battle Creek in 1832 under Postmaster Pollodore Hudson.[17] The first school was taught in a small log house about 1833 or 1834. Asa Langley built the first sawmill in 1837. A brick manufacturing plant, called the oldest enterprise in the township, was established in 1840 by Simon Carr and operated until 1903. The township was established by act of the legislature in 1839.[18]
In the antebellum era, the city was a major stop on the Underground Railroad, used by fugitive slaves to escape to freedom in Michigan and Canada. It was the chosen home of noted abolitionist Sojourner Truth after her escape from slavery.[19]
Battle Creek figured prominently in the early history of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. It was the site of a Protestant church founding convention in 1863. The denomination's first hospital, college, and publishing office would also be constructed in the city. When the hospital and publishing office burned down in 1902, the church elected to decentralize, and most of its institutions were relocated. The first Adventist church (rebuilt in the 1920s) is still in operation.
World Heavyweight Champion Jack Johnson was once arrested here for marrying his White wife and transporting her across state lines.[20]
The city was noted for its focus on health reform during the late 1800s and early 1900s. The Battle Creek Sanitarium was founded by Dr. John Harvey Kellogg. In addition to some of his sometimes bizarre treatments that were featured in the movie The Road to Wellville, Kellogg also funded organizations that promoted eugenics theories at the core of their philosophical agenda, which was seen as a natural complement to euthenics.[21] The Race Betterment Foundation was one of these organizations. He also supported the "separate but equal" philosophy and invited Booker T. Washington to speak at the Battle Creek Sanitarium in order to raise money. Washington was the author of the speech "The Atlanta Compromise", which solidified his position of being an accommodationist while providing a mechanism for southern Whites (and their sympathizers), to fund his school (the Tuskegee Institute).
W. K. Kellogg had worked for his brother in a variety of capacities at the B.C. Sanitarium. Tired of living in the shadow of his brother John Harvey Kellogg, he struck out on his own, going to the boom-towns surrounding the oilfields in Oklahoma as a broom salesman. Having failed, he returned to work as an assistant to his brother. While working at the sanitariums' laboratory, W.K. spilled liquefied cornmeal on a heating device that cooked the product and rendered it to flakes. He tasted the flakes and added milk to them. He was able to get his brother to allow him to give some of the product to some of the patients at the sanitarium, and the patients' demand for the product exceeded his expectations to the point that W.K made the decision to leave the sanitarium. Along with some investors, he built a factory to satisfy the demand for his "corn flakes".
It was during this time of going their separate ways for good that Dr. John Harvey Kellogg sued his brother for copyright infringement. The U.S. Supreme court ruled in W.K. Kellogg's favor, due to the greater sales and public profile of W.K. Kellogg's company.
Inspired by Kellogg's innovation, C. W. Post invented Grape-Nuts and founded his own cereal company in the town. Battle Creek has been nicknamed "the Cereal City."
In the turbulent 1960s, Battle Creek was not immune to the racial issues of the day. Dr. Martin Luther King spoke here, as did Sen. Hubert Humphrey, President L.B. Johnson, and Heavyweight Champion of the world Muhammad Ali. African Americans were subjected to "stop and frisk" procedures while walking, and housing covenants were in full force. No Blacks worked in the school systems, and only a few Blacks held mid-level manager posts in the local corporate sector. The Federal government sector was better at the Federal Center, and less so at the local Veterans' Administration Hospital.
The Black Recondos, a group formed from the local young adult council of the NAACP, forced the local board of education to hire Black teachers and administrative personnel, under the threat of removing every black student from their public schools. They also forced the chief of police to allow Black Recondos to intervene in arrests and gave them the authority to take black law breakers into their custody instead of the local police. This caused the second strike of a police force in U.S. history. The officers were fired and the strike was ended.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 43.73 square miles (113.26 km2), of which 42.61 square miles (110.36 km2) is land and 1.12 square miles (2.90 km2) is water,[22] making Battle Creek the third largest city in Michigan by area, and one of only three incorporated municipalities in the state over 40 sq mi (100 km2) in size.
- Approximately 60% of the city's land is developed. Of the undeveloped land, 38% is zoned agricultural, 26% is zoned general industrial, 17.5% is zoned residential, 16% is the Fort Custer Army National Guard Base/Industrial Park, and 2.5% is zone commercial.[23]
- After Battle Creek Township merged into the city of Battle Creek in 1983, the city's declining population rose by nearly 18,000 new residents, but the city continues to decline in population. Prior to the merge, the city measured 18.6 square miles (48.17 km2).
- Battle Creek is variously considered to be part of West Michigan or Southern Michigan.
Climate
| Climate data for Battle Creek, Michigan (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1895–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 68 (20) | 70 (21) | 84 (29) | 90 (32) | 95 (35) | 101 (38) | 104 (40) | 103 (39) | 99 (37) | 91 (33) | 80 (27) | 68 (20) | 104 (40) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 32.4 (0.2) | 35.7 (2.1) | 46.7 (8.2) | 60.0 (15.6) | 71.5 (21.9) | 79.9 (26.6) | 83.1 (28.4) | 81.3 (27.4) | 74.4 (23.6) | 61.7 (16.5) | 48.2 (9.0) | 36.8 (2.7) | 59.3 (15.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 24.8 (−4.0) | 26.9 (−2.8) | 36.7 (2.6) | 48.4 (9.1) | 59.7 (15.4) | 68.3 (20.2) | 71.5 (21.9) | 69.9 (21.1) | 62.9 (17.2) | 51.7 (10.9) | 39.9 (4.4) | 29.7 (−1.3) | 49.2 (9.6) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 17.2 (−8.2) | 18.1 (−7.7) | 26.6 (−3.0) | 36.9 (2.7) | 47.9 (8.8) | 56.8 (13.8) | 59.9 (15.5) | 58.4 (14.7) | 51.3 (10.7) | 41.7 (5.4) | 31.6 (−0.2) | 22.6 (−5.2) | 39.1 (3.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −20 (−29) | −24 (−31) | −11 (−24) | 5 (−15) | 22 (−6) | 30 (−1) | 42 (6) | 37 (3) | 25 (−4) | 16 (−9) | −6 (−21) | −18 (−28) | −24 (−31) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.09 (53) | 1.58 (40) | 1.90 (48) | 3.23 (82) | 3.95 (100) | 3.67 (93) | 3.38 (86) | 3.52 (89) | 3.07 (78) | 3.66 (93) | 2.55 (65) | 1.84 (47) | 34.44 (875) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 18.1 (46) | 15.6 (40) | 6.0 (15) | 2.1 (5.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.5 (1.3) | 5.9 (15) | 16.4 (42) | 64.6 (164) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 14.0 | 10.8 | 9.7 | 12.4 | 13.0 | 11.1 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 9.9 | 12.9 | 10.8 | 13.5 | 137.6 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 12.8 | 10.3 | 5.0 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 4.3 | 10.6 | 45.2 |
| Source: NOAA[24][25] | |||||||||||||
Nearby municipalities
Demographics
| Historical population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1840 | 993 | — | |
| 1850 | 1,064 | 7.2% | |
| 1860 | 3,509 | 229.8% | |
| 1870 | 5,838 | 66.4% | |
| 1880 | 7,063 | 21.0% | |
| 1890 | 13,197 | 86.8% | |
| 1900 | 18,563 | 40.7% | |
| 1910 | 25,267 | 36.1% | |
| 1920 | 36,164 | 43.1% | |
| 1930 | 45,573 | 26.0% | |
| 1940 | 43,453 | −4.7% | |
| 1950 | 48,666 | 12.0% | |
| 1960 | 44,169 | −9.2% | |
| 1970 | 38,931 | −11.9% | |
| 1980 | 35,724 | −8.2% | |
| 1990 | 53,540 | 49.9% | |
| 2000 | 53,364 | −0.3% | |
| 2010 | 52,347 | −1.9% | |
| 2020 | 52,721 | 0.7% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[26] | |||
In 1982, at the insistence of the Kellogg Company, the city annexed Battle Creek Township, nearly doubling the city's population. Kellogg's even went so far as to threaten to move their headquarters if the annexation failed to occur.[27]
2000 census
As of the census[6] of 2000, there were 53,364 people, 21,348 households, and 13,363 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,246.0 inhabitants per square mile (481.1/km2). There were 23,525 housing units at an average density of 549.3 per square mile (212.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 74.7% White, 17.8% Black or African American, 1.9% Asian, 0.8% Native American, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.1% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. 4.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
In the 21,348 households 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.9% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the city, 27.2% of the population was under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,491, and the median income for a family was $43,564. Males had a median income of $36,838 versus $26,429 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,424. About 10.7% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.5% of those under age 18 and 11.8% of those age 65 or over.
2010 census
As of the census[28] of 2010, there were 52,347 people, 21,118 households, and 12,898 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,228.5 inhabitants per square mile (474.3/km2). There were 24,277 housing units at an average density of 569.7 per square mile (220.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 71.7% White, 18.2% African American, 0.7% Native American, 2.4% Asian, 2.7% from other races, and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 6.7% of the population.
In the 21,118 households 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.1% were married couples living together, 18.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.9% were non-families. 32.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.04.
The median age in the city was 36.3 years. 26.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.9% were from 25 to 44; 25.5% were from 45 to 64; and 13.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.
As of April 2013, Battle Creek had the fifth largest Japanese national population in the state of Michigan, with 358.[29]
2020 census
Nick Buckley wrote in the Battle Creek Enquirer: "The 2020 Census is critical for Battle Creek. Falling below the 50,000-resident threshold would mean a change from "urbanized area" to "urban cluster" and a loss of federal entitlement funding."[30] Between the 2010 and 2020 censuses, Battle Creek's population grew from 52,347 to 52,731.[8] There were 20,690 households and 2.40 residents per house, giving Battle Creek a population density (per square mile) of 1,228.6. 89.0% of those households had a computer and 82.8% had broadband internet connection. The city's racial makeup was 68.2% White, 17.3% African American, .6% Native American, 3.7% Asian, 8.1% from two or more races, and 7.9% Hispanic or Latino.
The median age in the city was 36.3 years. 7.0% of residents were under the age of 5; 25.8% were under 18; 15.2% were 65 and older. 51.5% of residents were female and 6.6% were foreign-born. 10.8% of people ages 5 and up speak at least one language other than English at home. Of persons 25 and up, 89.9% had a high school degree and 21.1% had a bachelor's degree or higher. Of those under 65, 11.2% had a disability and 6.1% lacked health insurance.
Median household income in 2020 dollars was $42,285, which works out to a $25,270 per capita income. 22.7% of the population lives in poverty. Median gross rent was $770 and the median value of the houses occupied by people who owned them was $91,700.
Government
The City of Battle Creek has a commission-manager form of government. Cities that follow this plan of government have an elected commission (or council) that appoints a professionally trained and experienced manager to administer the day-to-day operations of the city and to make recommendations to the city commission. Battle Creek also appoints a City Attorney, who provides legal counsel to the city manager and City Commission.
The City Commission makes all policy decisions, including review, revision, and final approval of the annual budget, which is proposed annually by the City Manager. The City Manager serves as an "at-will" employee and they work under an employment contract with the commission. All other city employees, except for the City Attorney's staff, are under the supervision of the City Manager.
There are five ward commissioners. Residents cast votes for a ward representative, who must live within the area they are representing, as well as for four at-large commissioners. These candidates may live anywhere in the city. All commissioners serve two-year terms and all terms begin and end at the same election.
Before November 2020, the commission held a special meeting to decide which commissioners served as the mayor and vice mayor for the next year. In March 2020, Battle Creek residents voted on a proposal that would change how the city selects its mayor position. This proposal (which passed) amended the city charter to allow residents to directly vote for the mayor. Residents will be able to vote for the mayor starting in the November 2020 general election.[31] The mayor presides over the commission meetings and appoints commissioners and residents to special committees. He may also form special committees to explore community challenges or potential policies. The vice mayor stands in if the mayor is unavailable.[32]
The city levies an income tax of 1 percent on residents and 0.5 percent on nonresidents.[33]
Economy
Largest employers
According to the Battle Creek Unlimited October 2020 update,[34] the thirty largest employers in the city are:
| # | Employer | # of employees |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Denso Manufacturing Michigan, Inc. | 2,616 |
| 2 | Kellogg Company (World Corporate Headquarters) | 2,000 |
| 3 | FireKeepers Casino Hotel | 1,730 |
| 4 | Battle Creek VA Medical Center | 1,600 |
| 5 | Hart, Dole, Inouye Federal Center | 1,500 |
| 7 | Bronson Healthcare Battle Creek | 1,204 |
| 8 | Battle Creek Public Schools | 1,089 |
| 9 | Fort Custer Training Center | 825 |
| 10 | II Stanley Company, Inc. | 750 |
| 11 | TRMI, Inc. (A subsidiary company of Tokai-Rika Co. LTD) | 696 |
| 12 | Michigan Air National Guard | 650 |
| 13 | Musashi Auto Parts Michigan, Inc. | 649 |
| 14 | Duncan Aviation, Inc. | 637 |
| 15 | Calhoun County, MI | 622 |
| 16 | Kellogg Community College | 562 |
| 17 | Post Consumer Brands (Post Foods) | 562 |
| 18 | City of Battle Creek | 501 |
| 19 | Lakeview School District | 393 |
| 20 | Adient (Johnson Controls) | 383 |
| 21 | Prairie Farms Dairy | 311 |
| 22 | Motus Integrated Technologies | 300 |
| 23 | Hi-Lex Corporation | 279 |
| 24 | Harper Creek Community Schools | 262 |
| 25 | Magna Cosma Castings | 227 |
| 26 | Graphic Packaging International | 212 |
| 27 | Systex Products Corporation | 207 |
| 28 | EPI Marketing Services | 189 |
| 29 | Advantage Sintered Metals, Inc. | 127 |
| 30 | Denso Manufacturing North Carolina, Inc. (DMNC) Michigan Plant | 117 |
| 31 | Nexthermal Corporation | 97 |
Education
Colleges and universities
- Kellogg Community College, a two-year college founded in 1956
- Robert B. Miller College, a four-year institution which shared KCC's facilities. The college closed in 2016.
- Western Michigan University's Battle Creek Branch — The Kendall Center
- Western Michigan University's College of Aviation, located at W.K. Kellogg Airport
- Spring Arbor University Battle Creek Branch
- Davenport University Battle Creek Campus. This campus of the college closed in 2015.
- Central Michigan University, Battle Creek Campus on Air National Guard Base, W.K. Kellogg Airport
Public school districts
- Battle Creek Public Schools[35]
- Harper Creek Community Schools[36]
- Lakeview School District
- Pennfield School District[37]
High schools (public)
- Battle Creek Central High School[38]
- Harper Creek High School
- Battle Creek Area Learning Center, better known as Calhoun Community High School[39]
- Lakeview High School,[40] including Lakeview High School Library,[41] a 2008 American Library Association award recipient[42]
- Michigan Youth Challenge Academy[43]
- Pennfield Senior High School
High schools (private)
- Battle Creek Academy[44]
- Bedford Bible Church School[45]
- Calhoun Christian School[46]
- St. Philip Catholic Central High School
Secondary schools
- Battle Creek Area Mathematics and Science Center, an accelerated secondary school that focuses primarily on STEM education[47]
- Calhoun Area Career Center, provides career and technical education to primarily 11th and 12th grade students[48]
Foreign-language education
The Battle Creek Japanese School (バトルクリーク補習授業校 Batoru Kurīku Hoshū Jugyō Kō), a supplementary weekend Japanese school, holds its classes at the Lakeview School District building.[49]
In 1980 the Western Michigan University Center for International Programs developed a program for Japanese expatriate K-12 students that was sponsored by Battle Creek Unlimited (BCU); the classes were held in the company facility at Fort Custer Industrial Park.[50]
Culture
Print media
- The local daily newspapers are The Battle Creek Shopper and the newspaper of record is the Battle Creek Enquirer, owned and operated by Gannett Company.[51][52]
Radio
FM radio stations that originate or can be heard over the air in Battle Creek:
- WSPB 89.7 - Battle Creek - Holy Family Radio Roman Catholic Radio[53]
- WCSG 91.3 - Grand Rapids - Christian Adult Contemporary
- WZUU 92.5 - Mattawan/Kalamazoo - Classic Rock
- WBCT 93.7 - Grand Rapids - Country
- WWDK 94.1 - Jackson/Lansing/Battle Creek/Kalamazoo - Classic Country
- WBCK 95.3 - Battle Creek - News/Talk
- WZOX 96.5 - Portage/Kalamazoo - Alternative Rock
- WNWN 98.5 - Coldwater/Battle Creek/Kalamazoo - Country
- WFPM 99.1 - Battle Creek - Gospel
- WBCH-FM 100.1 - Hastings - Country
- WBFN 101.1 - Battle Creek - Christian (FM translator for AM 1400)
- W274AQ 102.7 - Battle Creek - Classic Hits
- WKFR 103.3 - Battle Creek/Kalamazoo - CHR/Top 40
- WBXX 104.9 - Marshall/Battle Creek - Alternative Rock
- WSRW 105.7 - Grand Rapids - Adult Contemporary
- WJXQ 106.1 - Jackson/Lansing/Battle Creek - Mainstream Rock
- WVFM 106.5 - Kalamazoo - Adult Contemporary
- WRKR 107.7 - Portage/Battle Creek/Kalamazoo - Classic Rock
AM radio stations that originate or can be heard over the air in Battle Creek:
- WKZO 590 - Kalamazoo - News/Talk - (FM translator at 106.9)
- WFAT 930 - Battle Creek - Classic Hits
- WILS 1320 - Lansing - News/Talk
- WKMI 1360 - Kalamazoo - News/Talk
- WBFN 1400 - Battle Creek - Christian
- WQLR 1660 - Kalamazoo - Sports
Television
- WWMT, a CBS affiliate licensed to Kalamazoo and also serving Battle Creek, Grand Rapids and western Michigan
- WOOD-TV, an NBC affiliate licensed to Grand Rapids and the default NBC station for Battle Creek.
- WOTV, an ABC affiliate serving Battle Creek, Kalamazoo, and southwestern Michigan, and also serving as a secondary ABC affiliate for Grand Rapids
- WXMI, the FOX affiliate from Grand Rapids.
- WZPX, an ION affiliate serving all of western Michigan
- WLLA, an independent station largely broadcasting religious programming from Kalamazoo.
- WGVK, the PBS channel from Grand Rapids but broadcasting from a satellite broadcaster in Kalamazoo.
- AccessVision, public-access television on Comcast channels 16 and 17; broadcasts to all municipalities within Battle Creek, and Newton Township[54]
Festivals
- The World's Longest Breakfast Table
- The Battle Creek Field of Flight Entertainment Festival is an air show and balloon event held yearly in Battle Creek.[55]
- International Festival of Lights[56]
Music
Battle Creek is home to the Music Center,[57] which serves South Central Michigan.
The Battle Creek Symphony Orchestra is based at the W.K. Kellogg Auditorium in downtown Battle Creek.[58] The symphony is conducted by Anne Harrigan. It is Michigan's longest-running symphony orchestra.[59]
The Brass Band of Battle Creek is composed of 31 brass players and percussionists from around the United States and Europe. "Created in 1989 by brothers Jim and Bill Gray, podiatrists and amateur brass players from Battle Creek, MI, the BBBC has grown to cult status in Battle Creek, where BBBC concerts are regularly sold out and waiting lists are created weeks in advance."[60]
Leilapalooza - The Leila Arboretum Music Festival is a free summer music festival held at the Leila Arboretum. Proceeds benefit the Leila Arboretum Society and Kingman Museum.[61]
Sports
Battle Creek hosts the annual Michigan High School Athletic Association team wrestling, volleyball, baseball, and softball state championships. The town receives quarterly boosts to its economy from the fans who flock there to follow their teams.[62]
Each year, Battle Creek hosts the Sandy Koufax 13S World Series, for 13-year-old baseball players.
In August 2010, Battle Creek was host to the eighth edition of the International H.K.D. Games.
Sports teams
The Battle Creek Battle Jacks (formerly Bombers) are a collegiate baseball team, a member of the Northwoods League, who began play in 2007. After a last-place finish in 2010, the Bombers went 47–26 in 2011 and won their first NWL championship.[63] It was the first championship in Battle Creek since 2000, when the Michigan Battle Cats won the Midwest League championship. The team's home is C.O. Brown Stadium. In 2011, the team signed a five-year lease, which guarantees the team's ten-year anniversary in Battle Creek in 2017. Actor Tyler Hoechlin, who starred alongside Tom Hanks in the critically acclaimed film Road to Perdition, previously played for the Battle Creek Bombers.
| Club | Sport | League | Venue |
|---|---|---|---|
| Battle Creek Battle Jacks | Baseball | Summer Collegiate Baseball, Northwoods League | C. O. Brown Stadium |
Former sports teams
The Michigan Battle Cats/Battle Creek Yankees/Southwest Michigan Devil Rays were a Class A minor league baseball team that played in the Midwest League from 1995 through 2006. The team's home was C.O. Brown Stadium.
The Battle Creek Crunch were a member of the Great Lakes Indoor Football League (GLIFL), that began play in 2006. They played one season in Battle Creek before ceasing operations due to financial trouble. The team's home was Kellogg Arena.
The Battle Creek Belles, a member of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League, played two seasons, 1951 and 1952, before relocating to Muskegon.
The Battle Creek Revolution were a member of the All American Hockey League, a low-level professional minor league, from 2008 to 2011. The team's home was Revolution Arena. The organization also started a junior hockey team called the Battle Creek Jr. Revolution in 2010. The junior team was sold renamed to the West Michigan Wolves in 2014 before relocating to Lansing in 2017.
The Battle Creek Blaze is a not-for-profit, adult football team that plays NFL rules football as a member of the IFL (Interstate Football League). The Blaze organization raises funds and community awareness in the fight against cancer. They are in their sixth season of operation, and won the IFL North Division Championship in 2010.[64]
The Battle Creek Cereal Killers roller derby team began in 2011.[65]
The Battle Creek Knights are a minor league basketball team. They were a charter member of the International Basketball League (IBL) and went 21-0 during the league's first season in 2005, winning the championship. The team's home is Kellogg Arena. After announcing in July 2009 that they would sit out the 2009 season, that October the team announced that they would return to play in the International Basketball League.[66]
In June 2019, the Federal Prospects Hockey League (FPHL) announced it had added a tenth team for the 2019–20 season and it would be in Michigan.[67] On July 23, the Battle Creek Rumble Bees were announced[68] with Adam Stio as the general manager after previously serving in the same role with the Southern Professional Hockey League's Evansville Thunderbolts.[69] The FHL had played multiple neutral site games in Battle Creek over the previous seasons before placing an expansion team there. The Rumble Bees hired Clint Hagmaier as their first head coach,[70] however, he was released after a 0–9 start to the season with Stio taking over as interim head coach.[71] The Rumble Bees had a 1–45–0–2 record when the league's 2019–20 season was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic. Their losing streak led to them being named "the worst team in professional hockey".[72] After the season, the team's players went to different teams in the FPHL as part of a dispersal draft.
Points of interest
- Art Center of Battle Creek[73]
- Bailey Park & C.O. Brown Stadium[74]
- Battle Creek Sanitarium (now the Hart–Dole–Inouye Federal Center)[75]
- Battle Creek Tabernacle (Seventh-day Adventist Church)
- Binder Park Zoo
- Fort Custer Recreation Area[76]
- Historic Adventist Village
- Kimball House Museum[77]
- Battle Creek Reginal History Museum
- Kingman Museum and Planetarium[78]
- Leila Arboretum
- Linear Park[79]
- Willard Beach and Park
- Willard Library[80]
Fort Custer Army National Guard Base
Founded in 1917, Camp Custer, as it was then known, served over the next decades as a training ground, from World War I until the present. Parts of the base were spun off and developed as the Battle Creek Veteran's Hospital, Fort Custer National Cemetery, Fort Custer Recreation Area and Fort Custer Industrial Park. This industrial park contains more than 90 different companies.
The United States Government still owns the land, under an arrangement by which the state of Michigan administers and manages the property. The base, which is still mostly undeveloped, wooded land, takes up a sizable portion of Battle Creek's land area. The part of the base in Battle Creek that is now the industrial park measures 4.69 square miles (12.15 km2) in area, which is approximately 10.6% of the city's area. A much larger part of the base lies in Kalamazoo County. The adjoining W.K. Kellogg Airport is a joint civilian-Air National Guard facility.
Transportation
Battle Creek is situated on Interstate 94 (I-94) midway between Detroit and Chicago.
Railroad and bus lines
The Battle Creek Amtrak Station serves Amtrak trains on the south end of the station and Greyhound and Indian Trails bus lines on the north side of the station. The Canadian National Railway and Norfolk Southern Railway provide freight service to the city.
Public transportation
Battle Creek Transit provides public transit services to Battle Creek area residents. Regular route bus service is provided throughout the City of Battle Creek.
Major highways
Aviation
Kalamazoo's Kalamazoo-Battle Creek International Airport serves Battle Creek. Locally, W. K. Kellogg Airport serves the general aviation needs of the community. The airport is also home to Western Michigan University's College of Aviation, Duncan Aviation, WACO Classic Aircraft Corp. a bi-plane manufacturer,[81] and formerly, the Michigan Air National Guard's 110th Attack Wing, which flies the MQ-9 Reaper UAV.
Notable people
See also People from Battle Creek, Michigan
- Lepha Eliza Bailey (1845−1924) - author and lecturer
- Frankie Ballard - country music singer
- Lance Barber - television actor
- Johnny Bristol - Motown singer, songwriter and producer
- Nate Huffman - professional basketball player, 2001 Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP
- Betty Hutton - film actress
- John Harvey Kellogg - doctor and health food advocate[82]
- Will Keith Kellogg - cereal mogul[82]
- John Kitzmiller - film actor
- Tony McGee - National Football League lineman
- Dick Martin - comedian and actor
- S. Isadore Miner (1863–1916), American journalist, poet, teacher, feminist
- Jason Newsted - Bassist, played for Metallica from 1986 to 2001
- Lisa Rainsberger - Boston/Chicago Marathon winner.
- Mike Reilly - former Major League Baseball umpire
- Bob Rush - Major League Baseball pitcher
- John Schwarz - Former United States House of Representatives
- Emma L. Shaw, editor
- Rick Snyder - former Governor of Michigan
- Sojourner Truth - abolitionist and women's rights activist
- Rob Van Dam - professional wrestler
- Junior Walker - Motown saxophonist and singer
- Tauren Wells - Grammy nominated Christian pop singer
Sister cities
Battle Creek has sister city relationships with Santo André, Brazil and Takasaki, Japan.
Battle Creek's relationship with Takasaki is more than 25 years old. Takasaki later established sister city relationships with Santo Andre; Chengde, China; Pilsen, Czech Republic and, in 2006, Muntinlupa, Philippines. These cities take turns hosting annual environmental conferences where technical and administrative staff share ideas and projects about environmental concerns. Battle Creek and Takasaki organize junior high and high school student and teacher exchanges each summer.[83]
See also
References
- ^ "City of Battle Creek, Michigan". City of Battle Creek, Michigan. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
- ^ . December 10, 2011. Archived from the original on April 27, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
- ^ "Mark Behnke". Ballotpedia. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
- ^ . Independent Underground Radio Network. Archived from the original on April 27, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 21, 2022.
- ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ a b "QuickFacts: Battle Creek city, Michigan". census.gov. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Administrator. "A Brief History of Battle Creek". www.heritagebattlecreek.org.
- ^ a b Peirce, Henry B. (2005) [1877]. "The City of Battle Creek". History of Calhoun county, Michigan. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Library. p. 79. Retrieved January 25, 2008.
- ^ History of Battle Creek Township and City, Calhoun County MIGenWen (Michigan Genealogy on the Web), accessed January 25, 2008
- ^ Romig, Walter (1986) [1973]. Michigan Place Names. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-1838-X.
- ^ Battle Creek history page September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ A Thumbnail History of Battle Creek and Calhoun County, Michigan, Willard Library. Accessed January 25, 2005 August 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Vogel, Virgil J. (1986). Indian names in Michigan, origin of "Battle Creek". ISBN 0472063650.
- ^ Edmonds, R. David (1978). The Potawatomis: Keepers of the Fire. Norman:University of Oklahoma. p. 99.
- ^ History and Direction of Calhoun County Accessed January 20, 2011
- ^ Ringes, Laura (1913). "Battle Creek Township". In Washington Gardner, History of Calhoun County, Michigan, Vol. I, pp. 169-73. The Lewis Publishing Company.
- ^ Heritage Battle Creek website, http://www.heritagebattlecreek.org/ Accessed August 29, 2013
- ^ Buckley, NIck. "Pardoned heavyweight champion Jack Johnson was arrested in Battle Creek". Battle Creek Enquirer. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
- ^ Stern, Alexandra (2005). Eugenic Nation: Faults and Frontiers of Better Breeding in Modern America. United Kingdom: University of California Press. pp. 49–55. ISBN 9780520244436.
- ^ . United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 20, 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
- ^ Battle Creek Comprehensive Plan, Battle Creek Planning Department, accessed June 13, 2011
- ^ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
- ^ "Station: Battle Creek 5NW, MI". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
- ^ "Multinational Monitor, November 1982". Multinationalmonitor.org. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
- ^ Stone, Cal. "State's Japanese employees increasing." () Observer & Eccentric. Gannett Company. April 11, 2013. Retrieved on May 5, 2013.
- ^ Buckley, Nick. "100 years of census data shows growth, decline for Battle Creek". Battle Creek Enquirer. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
- ^ "Battle Creek residents will vote to choose their own mayor".
- ^ Battle Creek government description. December 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Gibbons, Lauren (August 16, 2017). "Michigan State University, city of East Lansing at odds over proposed income tax". MLive Lansing. Mlive Media Group. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
- ^ "Battle Creek Unlimited: 30 Largest Employers" (PDF). Battle Creek Unlimited. June 2021. (PDF) from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
- ^ Battle Creek Public Schools. "Battle Creek Public Schools". battlecreekpublicschools.org.
- ^ "Home - Harper Creek Community Schools". harpercreek.net.
- ^ . Pennfield.k12.mi.us. Archived from the original on December 29, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
- ^ . Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
- ^ "Welcome to Calhoun Community High School". calhounhs.org.
- ^ . lakeviewspartans.org. Archived from the original on October 30, 2010. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
- ^ . Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2013.
- ^ . American Library Association. 2008. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2013.
- ^ "Error!".[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Battle Creek Academy :: Home". battlecreekacademy.com.
- ^ "Bedford Bible Church School". greatschools.org.
- ^ "Calhoun Christian School". calhounchristian.org.
- ^ "Innovation Through Inspiration". bcamsc.org.
- ^ Calhoun ISD. "CACC". calhounisd.org.
- ^ "Home." Battle Creek Japanese School. Retrieved on May 7, 2014.
- ^ Carlton, Ardith (November 28, 1980). "Far from their home, students are learning their native Japanese". Battle Creek Inquirer. pp. B1, B2. - Clipping of page B1, clipping of page B2 from newspapers.com
- ^ . Battle Creek Enquirer. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
- ^ "Daily newspaper". Battle Creek Enquirer. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
- ^ "WSPB 89.7 FM – Bedford / Battle Creek – Holy Family Radio". www.holyfamilyradio.net.
- ^ "Battle Creek's Community Access Television Station". accessvision.tv.
- ^ "Battle Creek Field of Flight Air Show & Balloon Festival!". bcballoons.com.
- ^ "International Festival of Lights". battlecreekmich.com.
- ^ "The Music Center - Schools, Chorus and the Battle Creek Symphony". yourmusiccenter.org.
- ^ . Archived from the original on February 14, 2010. Retrieved August 31, 2009.
- ^ "Your Music Center". yourmusiccenter.org. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
- ^ "Brass Band of Battle Creek". Bbbc.net. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
- ^ Rebecca Thiele (July 30, 2012). "Leilapalooza hopes to revitalize Battle Creek music scene". wmuk.org.
- ^ "MHSAA baseball, softball tourney boosts local economy". June 16, 2012. Archived from the original on January 18, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
- ^ . Northwoods League. August 19, 2011. Archived from the original on February 24, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
- ^ "Battlecreekblaze.org".
- ^ "Battle Creek Cereal Killers Roller Derby".
- ^ Bill Broderick, "Knights will return to court", Battle Creek Enquirer, October 1, 2009, accessed October 4, 2009
- ^ "2019/2020 FPHL SCHEDULE". FederalHockey.com. June 17, 2019.
- ^ "Introducing your newest pro hockey team, the Battle Creek Rumble Bees". Battle Creek Enquirer. July 23, 2019.
- ^ "The FPHL's Newest Franchise". Federal Prospects Hockey League. July 23, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
- ^ "Rumble Bees' new head coach eager to get season started". Battle Creek Enquirer. August 14, 2019.
- ^ "Rumble Bees Make Coaching Change". OurSports Central. November 17, 2019.
- ^ "'Bad News Bees': How one-win Battle Creek became the worst team in pro hockey". ESPN.com. June 17, 2020. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
- ^ "Art Center of Battle Creek - Main". artcenterofbattlecreek.org.
- ^ hostmaster (October 10, 2016). "Welcome To Pure Michigan". Michigan. Archived from the original on January 25, 2017.
- ^ "Hart–Dole–Inouye Federal Center". gsa.gov.
- ^ "Fort Custer Recreation Area Detail". michigandnr.com.
- ^ "Welcome to Heritage Battle Creek". heritagebattlecreek.org.
- ^ "Kingman Museum". kingmanmuseum.org.
- ^ [1] January 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Willard Library". willard.lib.mi.us.
- ^ "Waco Classic Aircraft home page". Wacoclassic.com. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
- ^ a b The Kelloggs: The Battling Brothers of Battle Creek by Howad Markel 2017
- ^ WWMT Staff (August 23, 2016). "Battle Creek, Japanese sister city have another successful summer of exchange visits". WWMT. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
External links
- Official website
- Official tourism website
- . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.