Balabodh (Marathi: बाळबोध, bāḷabōdha, Marathi pronunciation: [baːɭboːd̪ʱ], translation: understood by children[1]) is a slightly modified style of the Devanagari script used to write the Marathi language[2][3][4] and the Korku language.[5] What sets balabodha apart from the Devanagari script used for other languages is the more frequent and regular use of both ळ /ɭ/ (retroflex lateral approximant) and र् (called the eyelash reph / raphar).[6] Additionally, Balbodh style has ऍ/ॲ and ऑ as adaptations to pronounce [æ] and [ɒ] in English-based words. Another distinctive feature is the use of Anusvara over trailing अ, denoting lengthening of the trailing vowel.
The word balabodha is a combination of the words ‘बाळ’ /baːɭ/ and ‘बोध’ /boːd̪ʱ/. ‘बाळ’ is a neuter noun derived from the Sanskrit word bāla "child".[7] ‘बोध’ is a male noun and a tatsama meaning "perception".[7]
As far as the Marathi literature is concerned, Bāḷabōdha can be assumed to be composed of "bāḷa" meaning primary and "bōdha" meaning knowledge. So Marathi bāḷabōdha may be understood as the primary knowledge of Marathi language. In primary knowledge, Muḷākshare (Basic Letters), consisting of 12 vowels अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः (like A, E, I, O, and U in English) and 36 consonants in five groups (क वर्ग, च वर्ग, ट वर्ग, त वर्ग and प वर्ग) and 11 individual consonants, are taught to children and illiterate persons through recitation and writing on slates.
The eyelash reph / raphar (रेफ/ रफार) (र्) exists in Marathi as well as Nepali. The eyelash reph / raphar (र्) is produced in Unicode by the sequence [ra र ] + [virāma ्] + [ZWJ] and [rra ऱ ]+ [virāma ्] + [ZWJ].[9] In Marathi, when ‘र’ is the first consonant of a consonant cluster and occurs at the beginning of a syllable, it is written as an eyelash reph / raphar.[10]
Before printing in Marathi was possible, the Modi script was used for writing prose, and balabodha was used for writing poetry. When printing in Marathi became possible, choosing between Modi and balabodha was a problem. William Carey published the first book on Marathi grammar in 1805 using balabodha since printing in the Modi script was not available to him in Serampore, Bengal. At the time, Marathi books were generally written in balabodha. However, subsequent editions of William Carey's book on Marathi grammar, starting in 1810, did employ the Modi script.[12][13]
As primary style
On 25 July 1917, the Bombay Presidency decided to replace the Modi script with balabodha as the primary script of administration, for convenience and uniformity with the other areas of the presidency. The Modi script continued to be taught in schools until several decades later and continued to be used as an alternate script to Balabodha. The script was still widely used, until the 1940s, by the people of older generations for personal and financial uses.
However, the use of Modi diminished since then and now Balabodha is the primary script used to write Marathi (other than Modi script revival efforts).[14][15]
^Chhatrapati, Shahu; Sangave, Vilas Adinath; Khane, B. D. (1997). . Vol. 7. Shahu Research Institute. Archived from the original on 7 December 2014.
^. Modi Lipi. Archived from the original on 25 October 2013.
February 21, 2023
balbodh, this, article, contains, phonetic, transcriptions, international, phonetic, alphabet, introductory, guide, symbols, help, distinction, between, brackets, transcription, delimiters, this, article, contains, indic, text, without, proper, rendering, supp. This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters This article contains Indic text Without proper rendering support you may see question marks or boxes misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text Balabodh Marathi ब ळब ध baḷabōdha Marathi pronunciation baːɭboːd ʱ translation understood by children 1 is a slightly modified style of the Devanagari script used to write the Marathi language 2 3 4 and the Korku language 5 What sets balabodha apart from the Devanagari script used for other languages is the more frequent and regular use of both ळ ɭ retroflex lateral approximant and र called the eyelash reph raphar 6 Additionally Balbodh style has ऍ ॲ and ऑ as adaptations to pronounce ae and ɒ in English based words Another distinctive feature is the use of Anusvara over trailing अ denoting lengthening of the trailing vowel Contents 1 Etymology 2 Features 2 1 Retroflex lateral approximant 2 1 1 Indo Aryan languages 2 1 2 South Indian languages 2 2 Eyelash reph raphar 2 2 1 Minimal pairs 3 Printing 4 As primary style 5 Korku language 6 See also 7 ReferencesEtymology EditThe word balabodha is a combination of the words ब ळ baːɭ and ब ध boːd ʱ ब ळ is a neuter noun derived from the Sanskrit word bala child 7 ब ध is a male noun and a tatsama meaning perception 7 As far as the Marathi literature is concerned Baḷabōdha can be assumed to be composed of baḷa meaning primary and bōdha meaning knowledge So Marathi baḷabōdha may be understood as the primary knowledge of Marathi language In primary knowledge Muḷakshare Basic Letters consisting of 12 vowels अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ अ अ like A E I O and U in English and 36 consonants in five groups क वर ग च वर ग ट वर ग त वर ग and प वर ग and 11 individual consonants are taught to children and illiterate persons through recitation and writing on slates Features EditRetroflex lateral approximant Edit Main article Retroflex lateral approximant Indo Aryan languages Edit Historically the retroflex lateral approximant ळ ɭ existed in Vedic Sanskrit and was lost in Classical Sanskrit Today the Indo Aryan languages in which it exists are Marathi and Konkani ळ Oriya ଳ Gujarati ળ most varieties of Rajasthani Bhili some dialects of Punjabi language ਲ most dialects of Western Pahari Kumaoni Haryanavi and the Saharanpur dialect of Northwestern Kauravi Of these Konkani Rajasthani Bhili and Kumaoni Haryanavi and the Saharanpur dialect use the Devanagari script The retroflex lateral approximant does not exist in most other Indo Aryan Indian languages 6 South Indian languages Edit The retroflex lateral approximant ळ ɭ exists in many Dravidian languages such as Telugu ళ Malayalam ള Kannada ಳ and Tamil ள It was once present in Sinhala as ළ 6 It is present in many Indian languages including Vedic Sanskrit 8 Eyelash reph raphar Edit See also Zero width joiner and ViramaThe eyelash reph raphar र फ रफ र र exists in Marathi as well as Nepali The eyelash reph raphar र is produced in Unicode by the sequence ra र virama ZWJ and rra ऱ virama ZWJ 9 In Marathi when र is the first consonant of a consonant cluster and occurs at the beginning of a syllable it is written as an eyelash reph raphar 10 Examplesतर ह व ऱ य च ऱ ह सऱ हस वस ऱ य द ऱ य Minimal pairs Edit Using the Simple Reph Raphar Using the Eyelash Reph Rapharआच र य स to the teacher आच र य स to the cook दर य ocean दर य valleys 11 Printing EditBefore printing in Marathi was possible the Modi script was used for writing prose and balabodha was used for writing poetry When printing in Marathi became possible choosing between Modi and balabodha was a problem William Carey published the first book on Marathi grammar in 1805 using balabodha since printing in the Modi script was not available to him in Serampore Bengal At the time Marathi books were generally written in balabodha However subsequent editions of William Carey s book on Marathi grammar starting in 1810 did employ the Modi script 12 13 As primary style EditOn 25 July 1917 the Bombay Presidency decided to replace the Modi script with balabodha as the primary script of administration for convenience and uniformity with the other areas of the presidency The Modi script continued to be taught in schools until several decades later and continued to be used as an alternate script to Balabodha The script was still widely used until the 1940s by the people of older generations for personal and financial uses However the use of Modi diminished since then and now Balabodha is the primary script used to write Marathi other than Modi script revival efforts 14 15 Korku language EditSee also Korku language and Korku people In addition to Marathi balabodha is also used to write the Korku language of the Munda subdivision Austroasiatic language family which is spoken by the Korku people who live in parts of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh 5 See also EditModi script the other Marathi scriptReferences Edit Campbell George L King Gareth 2013 Compendium of the World s Languages Routledge p 1071 ISBN 9781136258466 Archived from the original on 7 December 2014 Bhimraoji Rajendra 28 February 2014 Reviving the Modi Script PDF Typoday Archived from the original PDF on 7 December 2014 Languages of India RBC Radio Marathi Archived from the original on 10 September 2013 Savargaonkar Nilesh Marathi Language Marathi Script Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 a b Sebeok Thomas Albert ed 1971 Current Trends in Linguistics Walter de Gruyter p 425 Archived from the original on 7 December 2014 a b c Masica Colin P 1993 The Indo Aryan Languages Cambridge University Press pp 97 and 437 ISBN 9780521299442 Archived from the original on 7 December 2014 a b Molesworth James Thomas 1857 A Dictionary Marathi and English Bombay sic Bombay Education Society s Press p 593 Southworth Franklin C Prehistoric Implications of the Dravidian element in the NIA lexicon with special attention to Marathi PDF University of Pennsylvania Archived from the original PDF on 28 June 2011 Indic Working Group 7 November 2004 Devanagari Eyelash Ra The Unicode Consortium Archived from the original on 27 May 2014 Kalyan Kale Soman Anjali 1986 Learning Marathi Pune Shri Vishakha Prakashan p 26 Naik B S 1971 Typography of Devanagari 1 Bombay Directorate of Languages Rao Goparaju Sambasiva 1994 Language Change Lexical Diffusion and Literacy Academic Foundation pp 48 and 49 ISBN 9788171880577 Archived from the original on 7 December 2014 Carey William 1805 A Grammar of the Marathi Language Serampur sic Serampore Mission Press ISBN 9781108056311 Chhatrapati Shahu Sangave Vilas Adinath Khane B D 1997 Rajarshi Shahu Chhatrapati papers Vol 7 Shahu Research Institute Archived from the original on 7 December 2014 History Of Modi Lipi Modi Lipi Archived from the original on 25 October 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Balbodh amp oldid 1136162905, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
