The Autostrade (Italian: [autoˈstraːde]; singular autostrada[autoˈstraːda]) are roads forming the Italian national system of motorways. The total length of the system is about 6,758 kilometres (4,199 mi).[1] In North and Central Italy, the Autostrade mainly consists of tollways managed by Autostrade per l'Italia, a holding company controlled by Cassa Depositi e Prestiti.[2][3] Other operators include ASTM, ATP, and Autostrade Lombarde in the north-west; Autostrada del Brennero, A4 Holding, Concessioni Autostradali Venete, and Autovie Venete in the north-east; Strada dei Parchi, SALT, SAT, and Autocisa in the center; and CAS in the south.
Italy became the first country to inaugurate motorways reserved for motor vehicles with the A8.[4] The Milan-Laghi motorway (connecting Milan to Varese) was devised by Piero Puricelli, a civil engineer and entrepreneur. He received the first authorization to build a public-utility fast road in 1921, and completed the construction (one lane each direction) between 1924 and 1926. By the end of the 1930s, over 400 kilometers of multi- and dual-single-lane motorways had been constructed throughout Italy, linking cities and rural towns.
Traffic laws
An autostrada regulation sign along an entrance ramp
Motorcycles having an engine displacement less than 150 cubic centimetres (9.2 cu in) (if equipped with an internal combustion engine)
Sidecars having an engine displacement less than 250 cc (15 cu in) (if equipped with an internal combustion engine)
Motorized tricycles designed for the transport of people with up to 2 seats having an engine displacement less than 250 cc (15 cu in) (if equipped with an internal combustion engine) or having an engine power less than 15 kilowatts (20 PS; 20 bhp)
Motorcycle-like vehicles (motoveicoli) not included in previous categories having an empty vehicle weight up to 400 kg (880 lb) or a gross vehicle mass up to 1,300 kg (2,900 lb)
Cars with a design speed on flat road less than 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph) [6]
Vehicles without tyres
Agricultural vehicles and technical vehicles (e.g. heavy equipment)
Speed
Autostrada sign
Italy's autostrade have a standard speed limit of 130 km/h (80 mph) for cars. Limits for other vehicles (or during foul weather and/or low visibility) are lower. Legal provisions allow operators to set the limit to 150 km/h (95 mph) on their concessions on a voluntary basis if there are three lanes in each direction and a working SICVE, or Safety Tutor, which is a speed-camera system that measure the average speed over a given distance. As of 2022, no road was utilizing this possibility.
The first speed limit, to 120 km/h (75 mph), was enacted in November 1973 as a result of the 1973 oil crisis.[7] In October 1977, a graduated system was introduced: cars with engine displacement above 1.3 L (79 cu in) had a 140 km/h (85 mph) speed limit, cars of 900–1299 cm3 had a limit of 130 km/h (80 mph), those of 600–899 cm3 could drive at 110 km/h (70 mph), and those of 599 cm3 (36.6 cu in) or less had a maximum speed of 90 km/h (55 mph).[7] In July 1988 a blanket speed limit of 110 km/h (70 mph) was imposed on all cars above 600 cm3 (the lower limit was kept for smaller cars) by the short-lived PSDI government. In September 1989 this was increased to 130 km/h (80 mph) for cars above 1.1 L (67 cu in) and 110 km/h (70 mph) for smaller ones.[8]
Some autostrade are called bretelle, diramazioni or raccordi because they are short and have few exits.
Bretelle, diramazioni or raccordi are generally connections between two motorways, or connections between motorways and important cities without a motorway.
They have the same number (sometimes with the suffix dir) as one of the two autostrade linked, a combination of the numbers of the two autostrade linked, or the number of the main autostrada.
Important alpinetunnels ((in Italian)trafori) are identified by the capital letter "T" followed by a single digit number. Currently there are only three T-classified tunnels: Mont Blanc Tunnel (T1), Great St Bernard Tunnel (T2) and Frejus Road Tunnel (T4). Tunnels that cross the border between Italy and France (T1, T4) or Switzerland (T2), are treated as motorways (green signage, access control, and so on), although they are not proper motorways. The code T3 was once assigned to the Bargagli-Ferriere Tunnel in Ligurian Apennines before it was reclassified as SP 226.
RA stands for Raccordo autostradale (translated as "motorway connection"), a relatively short spur route that connects an autostrada to a nearby city or tourist resort not directly served by the motorway. These spurs are owned and managed by ANAS (with some exceptions, such as the RA7 that became A53 when assigned to a private company for maintenance). Some spurs are toll-free motorways (type-A), but most are type-B or type-C roads. All RA have separate carriageways with two lanes in each direction. Generally, they do not have an emergency lane.
Type B highway (or strada extraurbana principale), commonly but unofficially known as superstrada (Italian equivalent for expressway), is a divided highway with at least two lanes in each direction, paved shoulder on the right, no cross-traffic and no at-grade intersections. Access restrictions on such highways are exactly the same as autostrade. Signage at the beginning and the end of the highways is the same, except the background color is blue instead of green. The general speed limit on strade extraurbane principali is 110 km/h. Strade extraurbane principali are not tolled. All strade extraurbane principali are owned and managed by ANAS, and directly controlled by the Italian government or by the regions.
^Art. 372 Regolamento di esecuzione del codice della strada
^ ab"Disegno di Legge" [draft law], Legislative Decree (in Italian), Senato della repubblica, no. 967, p. 2, 1988-04-07
^Novella de Luca, Maria (1989-09-28). "'Via libera ai 130 km/h' la camera aumenta i limiti di velocità" [Green light for 130 km/h: chamber increases speed limits]. La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 2017-01-18.
External links
Geographic data related to Autostrade of Italy at OpenStreetMap
February 11, 2023
autostrade, italy, autostrada, redirects, here, other, uses, autostrada, disambiguation, company, previously, known, autostrade, atlantia, company, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citatio. Autostrada redirects here For other uses see Autostrada disambiguation For the company previously known as Autostrade see Atlantia company This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Autostrade of Italy news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Autostrade Italian autoˈstraːde singular autostrada autoˈstraːda are roads forming the Italian national system of motorways The total length of the system is about 6 758 kilometres 4 199 mi 1 In North and Central Italy the Autostrade mainly consists of tollways managed by Autostrade per l Italia a holding company controlled by Cassa Depositi e Prestiti 2 3 Other operators include ASTM ATP and Autostrade Lombarde in the north west Autostrada del Brennero A4 Holding Concessioni Autostradali Venete and Autovie Venete in the north east Strada dei Parchi SALT SAT and Autocisa in the center and CAS in the south Map of the autostrade of Italy Contents 1 History 2 Traffic laws 3 Speed 4 List of current Autostrade 5 List of bretelle and raccordi autostradali 6 Trafori T 7 Raccordi autostradali RA 8 Strade extraurbane principali 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksHistory EditItaly became the first country to inaugurate motorways reserved for motor vehicles with the A8 4 The Milan Laghi motorway connecting Milan to Varese was devised by Piero Puricelli a civil engineer and entrepreneur He received the first authorization to build a public utility fast road in 1921 and completed the construction one lane each direction between 1924 and 1926 By the end of the 1930s over 400 kilometers of multi and dual single lane motorways had been constructed throughout Italy linking cities and rural towns Traffic laws Edit An autostrada regulation sign along an entrance ramp Italy s autostrade must not be used by 5 Pedestrians and animals except in rest areas Pedal cycles Mopeds Motorcycles having an engine displacement less than 150 cubic centimetres 9 2 cu in if equipped with an internal combustion engine Sidecars having an engine displacement less than 250 cc 15 cu in if equipped with an internal combustion engine Motorized tricycles designed for the transport of people with up to 2 seats having an engine displacement less than 250 cc 15 cu in if equipped with an internal combustion engine or having an engine power less than 15 kilowatts 20 PS 20 bhp Motorcycle like vehicles motoveicoli not included in previous categories having an empty vehicle weight up to 400 kg 880 lb or a gross vehicle mass up to 1 300 kg 2 900 lb Cars with a design speed on flat road less than 80 kilometres per hour 50 mph 6 Vehicles without tyres Agricultural vehicles and technical vehicles e g heavy equipment Speed Edit Autostrada sign Italy s autostrade have a standard speed limit of 130 km h 80 mph for cars Limits for other vehicles or during foul weather and or low visibility are lower Legal provisions allow operators to set the limit to 150 km h 95 mph on their concessions on a voluntary basis if there are three lanes in each direction and a working SICVE or Safety Tutor which is a speed camera system that measure the average speed over a given distance As of 2022 no road was utilizing this possibility The first speed limit to 120 km h 75 mph was enacted in November 1973 as a result of the 1973 oil crisis 7 In October 1977 a graduated system was introduced cars with engine displacement above 1 3 L 79 cu in had a 140 km h 85 mph speed limit cars of 900 1299 cm3 had a limit of 130 km h 80 mph those of 600 899 cm3 could drive at 110 km h 70 mph and those of 599 cm3 36 6 cu in or less had a maximum speed of 90 km h 55 mph 7 In July 1988 a blanket speed limit of 110 km h 70 mph was imposed on all cars above 600 cm3 the lower limit was kept for smaller cars by the short lived PSDI government In September 1989 this was increased to 130 km h 80 mph for cars above 1 1 L 67 cu in and 110 km h 70 mph for smaller ones 8 List of current Autostrade EditNumber Length km Length mi Southern or western terminus Northern or eastern terminus Route name Formed Removed Notes A 1 759 8 472 1 Milan Naples Autostrada del Sole 01964 01 01 1964 current E35 E45 A 2 202 1 125 6 Rome Naples Autostrada del Sole 01962 01 01 1962 01988 01 01 1988 Absorbed into the A1 A 2 442 9 275 2 Salerno Reggio Calabria Autostrada del Mediterraneo 02017 01 01 2017 current E45 E90 E841 A 3 51 7 32 1 Naples Salerno 01974 01 01 1974 current E45 A 4 522 4 324 6 Turin Trieste Serenissima 01927 01 01 1927 current E55 E64 E70 A 5 141 4 87 9 Turin Mont Blanc Autostrada della Valle d Aosta 01961 01 01 1961 current E25 E612 A 6 123 7 76 9 Turin Savona La Verdemare 01960 01 01 1960 current E717 A 7 135 5 84 2 Milan Genoa Serravalle 01935 01 01 1935 current E25 E62 A 8 43 6 27 1 Milan Varese Autostrada dei Laghi 01924 01 01 1924 current E35 E62 A 9 30 9 19 2 Lainate Chiasso Autostrada dei Laghi 01924 01 01 1924 current E35 A 10 158 1 98 2 Genoa Ventimiglia Autostrada dei Fiori 01967 01 01 1967 current E25 E74 E80 A 11 81 7 50 8 Florence Pisa Autostrada Firenze Mare 01933 01 01 1933 current E76 A 12 210 0 130 5 Genoa Rosignano Marittimo Autostrada Azzurra 01967 01 01 1967 current E80 A 13 116 7 72 5 Bologna Padua 01970 01 01 1970 current A 14 743 4 461 9 Bologna Taranto Autostrada Adriatica 01966 01 01 1966 current E45 E843 A 15 108 5 67 4 Parma La Spezia Autocamionale della Cisa 01975 01 01 1975 current E33 A 16 172 5 107 2 Naples Canosa di Puglia Autostrada dei Due Mari 01966 01 01 1966 current E842 A 17 242 150 Naples Bari 01969 01 01 1969 01973 01 01 1973 Absorbed into the A14 and A16 A 18 76 8 47 7 Messina Catania 01971 01 01 1971 current E45 A 18 SR Gela 47 7 29 6 Syracuse Ispica 01983 01 01 1983 current E45 A 19 191 6 119 1 Palermo Catania 01970 01 01 1970 current E90 E932 A 20 183 0 113 7 Messina Buonfornello 01972 01 01 1972 current E45 E90 A 21 238 3 148 1 Turin Brescia Autostrada dei Vini 01968 01 01 1968 current E70 A 22 315 0 195 7 Brenner Modena Autostrada del Brennero 01968 01 01 1968 current E45 A 23 119 9 74 5 Palmanova Tarvisio Autostrada Alpe Adria 01966 01 01 1966 current E55 A 24 158 8 98 7 Rome Teramo Autostrada dei Parchi 01969 01 01 1969 current E80 A 25 115 0 71 5 Torano di Borgorose Pescara Autostrada dei Parchi 01969 01 01 1969 current E80 A 26 197 1 122 5 Genoa Gravellona Toce Autostrada dei Trafori 01976 01 01 1976 current E25 E62 A 27 82 5 51 3 Venice Belluno Autostrada d Alemagna 01972 01 01 1972 current A 28 48 8 30 3 Portogruaro Conegliano 01974 01 01 1974 current A 29 114 8 71 3 Palermo Mazara del Vallo Autostrada del Sale 01972 01 01 1972 current E90 A 30 55 3 34 4 Caserta Salerno 01975 01 01 1975 current A 31 88 7 55 1 Badia Polesine Piovene Rocchette Autostrada della Val d Astico 01976 01 01 1976 current A 32 73 0 45 4 Turin Frejus Road Tunnel Autostrada del Frejus 01983 01 01 1983 current E70 A 33 23 0 14 3 Cuneo Carru 02005 01 01 2005 current A 34 17 5 10 9 Villesse Gorizia 02013 01 01 2013 current A 35 54 8 34 1 Castegnato Melzo BreBeMi 02014 01 01 2014 current A 36 23 0 14 3 Cassano Magnago Lentate sul Seveso Pedemontana Lombarda 02015 01 01 2015 current A 50 31 3 19 4 Ring road around Milan Tangenziale Ovest di Milano 01968 01 01 1968 current E35 E62 A 51 30 7 19 1 Ring road around Milan Tangenziale Est di Milano 01971 01 01 1971 current A 52 21 6 13 4 Ring road around Milan Tangenziale Nord di Milano 01994 01 01 1994 current A 53 9 2 5 7 Bereguardo Pavia 01960 01 01 1960 current A 54 8 4 5 2 Ring road around Pavia Tangenziale Ovest di Pavia 01994 01 01 1994 current A 55 57 5 35 7 Ring road around Turin Tangenziale di Torino 01976 01 01 1976 current E70 A 56 20 2 12 6 Ring road around Naples Tangenziale di Napoli 01972 01 01 1972 current A 57 26 7 16 6 Ring road around Mestre Tangenziale di Mestre 01972 01 01 1972 current E55 A 58 31 8 19 8 Ring road around Milan Tangenziale Est Esterna di Milano 02014 01 01 2014 current A 59 2 9 1 8 Ring road around Como Tangenziale di Como 02015 01 01 2015 current A 60 4 5 2 8 Ring road around Varese Tangenziale di Varese 02015 01 01 2015 current A 90 68 2 42 4 Ring road around Rome Grande Raccordo Anulare di Roma 01951 01 01 1951 current E80 A 91 18 4 11 4 Rome Fiumicino Airport 01959 01 01 1959 current E80A 93 42 3 26 3 Marene Asti 02007 01 01 2007 current E74 FormerList of bretelle and raccordi autostradali EditSome autostrade are called bretelle diramazioni or raccordi because they are short and have few exits Bretelle diramazioni or raccordi are generally connections between two motorways or connections between motorways and important cities without a motorway They have the same number sometimes with the suffix dir as one of the two autostrade linked a combination of the numbers of the two autostrade linked or the number of the main autostrada Number Name length Connection Raccordo Milano Piazzale Corvetto 2 km A1 Milano Piazzale Corvetto Diramazione Capodichino 3 km A1 Aeroporto di Capodichino A56 Diramazione Roma nord 23 km A1 GRA Diramazione Roma sud 20 km A1 GRA Variante di Valico 32 966 km A1 A1 A2 dir Napoli 2 km A2 A3 A2 dir Reggio Calabria 9 km A2 Reggio Calabria Raccordo Chivasso 6 km A4 Verolengo Raccordo Ivrea Santhia 23 6 km A4 A5Raccordo Aosta Gran San Bernardo 7 9 km A5 SS27 Diramazione per Fossano 6 6 km A6 Fossano Diramazione Gallarate Gattico 23 2 km A8 A26 Diramazione Lucca Viareggio 20 km A11 A12 Diramazione per Livorno 4 5 km A12 Livorno Diramazione per Padova sud 4 3 km A13 Padova Diramazione per Ferrara 6 3 km A13 Ferrara RA8 Raccordo per Tangenziale di Bari 4 6 km A14 Tangenziale di Bari Diramazione per Ravenna 29 8 km A14 Ravenna Diramazione La Spezia Santo Stefano di Magra Santo Stefano di Magra A15 La Spezia Diramazione per Catania 3 7 km A18 Catania Raccordo A19 Palermo 5 2 km A19 Circonvallazione di Palermo Diramazione per Fiorenzuola 12 3 A1 A21 Diramazione Stroppiana Santhia 29 7 km A4 A26 Diramazione Predosa Bettole 17 km A7 A26 Diramazione Alcamo Trapani 36 9 km A29 Trapani Diramazione per Birgi 13 1 km A29dir Aeroporto di Trapani Birgi Bretella aeroporto Falcone e Borsellino 4 km A29 Aeroporto di Palermo Raccordo per via Belgio 5 6 km A29 Circonvallazione di Palermo Diramazione per Pinerolo 23 44 km A55 Pinerolo Diramazione per Moncalieri 6 18 km A6 Moncalieri Raccordo della Falchera 3 13 km A55 A4 SR 11 Bretella raccordo aeroporto 6 73 km A57 Aeroporto di VeneziaTrafori T EditImportant alpine tunnels in Italian trafori are identified by the capital letter T followed by a single digit number Currently there are only three T classified tunnels Mont Blanc Tunnel T1 Great St Bernard Tunnel T2 and Frejus Road Tunnel T4 Tunnels that cross the border between Italy and France T1 T4 or Switzerland T2 are treated as motorways green signage access control and so on although they are not proper motorways The code T3 was once assigned to the Bargagli Ferriere Tunnel in Ligurian Apennines before it was reclassified as SP 226 Traforo del Monte Bianco Traforo del Gran San Bernardo Traforo del FrejusRaccordi autostradali RA EditRA stands for Raccordo autostradale translated as motorway connection a relatively short spur route that connects an autostrada to a nearby city or tourist resort not directly served by the motorway These spurs are owned and managed by ANAS with some exceptions such as the RA7 that became A53 when assigned to a private company for maintenance Some spurs are toll free motorways type A but most are type B or type C roads All RA have separate carriageways with two lanes in each direction Generally they do not have an emergency lane Symbol Number RA1 A1 A13 A14 Tangenziale di Bologna RA2 A3 Avellino RA3 A1 Siena RA4 A3 Reggio Calabria SS106 RA5 A3 Potenza RA6 A1 Perugia A53 or RA7 A7 Tangenziale di Pavia RA8 A13 Ferrara Porto Garibaldi RA9 A16 Benevento RA10 Torino A55 Turin Airport RA11 Ascoli A14 Porto d Ascoli RA12 A25 Chieti A14 Pescara RA13 A4 SS202 RA14 RA13 Fernetti state border with Slovenia RA15 A18 A19 Aut CT SR Tangenziale di Catania RA16 A28 SS13 PontebbanaStrade extraurbane principali Edit Strada extraurbana principale sign Type B highway or strada extraurbana principale commonly but unofficially known as superstrada Italian equivalent for expressway is a divided highway with at least two lanes in each direction paved shoulder on the right no cross traffic and no at grade intersections Access restrictions on such highways are exactly the same as autostrade Signage at the beginning and the end of the highways is the same except the background color is blue instead of green The general speed limit on strade extraurbane principali is 110 km h Strade extraurbane principali are not tolled All strade extraurbane principali are owned and managed by ANAS and directly controlled by the Italian government or by the regions See also EditState highway Italy Transport in Italy Rai isoradio List of controlled access highway systems Evolution of motorway construction in European nationsReferences Edit Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2015 02 06 Retrieved 2015 06 20 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Benetton Family to Control Italian Toll Road Operator Infrastructure company controlled by the Benetton family The Milano Laghi by Piero Puricelli the first motorway in the world Art 175 Nuovo codice della strada Art 372 Regolamento di esecuzione del codice della strada a b Disegno di Legge draft law Legislative Decree in Italian Senato della repubblica no 967 p 2 1988 04 07 Novella de Luca Maria 1989 09 28 Via libera ai 130 km h la camera aumenta i limiti di velocita Green light for 130 km h chamber increases speed limits La Repubblica in Italian Retrieved 2017 01 18 External links EditAutostrade per l Italia Official website Geographic data related to Autostrade of Italy at OpenStreetMap Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Autostrade of Italy amp oldid 1111779603, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
