Antigonon leptopus is a species of perennialvine in the buckwheat family commonly known as coral vine or queen's wreath. This clambering vine is characterized by showy, usually pink flowers that can bloom throughout the year and large, heart-shaped leaves. A. leptopus is native to the Pacific and Atlantic coastal plains of Mexico, but also occurs as a roadside weed from Mexico south to Central America.[3]: 136–137 It is widely introduced and invasive throughout tropical regions of the world, including in the south and eastern United States, the West Indies, South America, and the Old World tropics of Asia and Africa. This species is utilized for its edible tubers and seeds, but also for its horticultural properties as an ornamental vine in warmer parts of the world.[4]
Antigonon leptopus is a fast-growing climbing vine that holds on via tendrils, and is able to reach over 7 metres in length. It has cordate (heart-shaped), sometimes triangular leaves 25 to 75 mm long. The flowers are borne in panicles, clustered along the rachis. Producing pink or white flowers from spring to autumn, it forms underground tubers and large rootstocks. It is a prolific seed producer. The seeds float on water. The fruit and seeds are eaten and spread by a wide range of animals such as pigs, racoons and birds. The tubers will resprout if the plant is cut back or damaged by frost.
Antigonon leptopus is native to the Atlantic and Pacific coastal plains of Mexico. On the Pacific coast, this species is found in the north from the Sierra de la Giganta in Baja California Sur,[5] the Gulf of California islands and northern Sonora. On the Atlantic Coast, this species is found in the north in Tamaulipas. Its range extends south and inland from the Pacific side to Jalisco, becoming more sporadic through Guerrero and Michoacán, on the Atlantic side through Veracruz, with both sides of the range converging in central Oaxaca.[3]: 136–137
This species occupies a variety of habitats, but prefers sandy soils and is intolerant of shade.[3]: 140 In Baja California Sur, this species primarily occurs naturally in washes, arroyos, and on hilly slopes.[7] The vine clambers over cacti and trees, and overwhelms shrubs and rocks.[8]A. leptopus inhabits a number of different environments on the peninsula, from the islands and desert on the Gulf Coast, the Magdalena Plains, the Sierra de la Giganta, the Sierra de la Laguna, and the xeric scrubby lowlands of the Cape.[5] It is also present as a native roadside weed and ornamental for fencerows,[7] and can be seen prominently along Mexican Federal Highway 1 near the Sierra de la Giganta.[8]
Non-nativeedit
Outside of its native range, Antigonon leptopus is a pantropicalinvasive particularly notable for destabilizing island ecosystems.[3]: 185 It is present on all tropical continents and even on remote islands in the Pacific Ocean.[3]: 196 Phylogenetic analysis of plants outside of the native range suggest that A. leptopus was introduced multiple times from different seed sources.[3]: 187 Wide cultivation of the plant as an ornamental is usually the source of most introductions, although not all introductions are invasive, and some records of the plant represent persistent cultivated plants and not naturalized ones.[4]
The preferred habitats of introduced A. leptopus includes disturbed areas, forest edges, roadsides, coral cliffs, limestone soils, along banks, and in waste places.[6] It can tolerate full sun and partial shade, as well as poor soils.[3]: 175 In the wet season, this species can completely outcompete and smother native vines and understory plants. In the dry season, it can tolerate drought by defoliating, which provides fuel for wildfires. Soil disturbance can spread the tubers, and the seeds can be dispersed easily because they float on water.[6][3]: 191
The form with white flowers
Usesedit
Antigonon leptopus was prepared for consumption by the aboriginal inhabitants of Baja California Sur in a way reminiscent of preparing popcorn. The seeds were toasted by placing them in a flat basket made of flexible twigs which was torn into strips and woven to make a solid surface. On top of the seeds live coals were placed, and with both hands the basket was shaken so that the coals came up against the seeds, toasting them, but not burning the basket. When the toasting was finished, the burned-out coals were removed. Using this method, a major portion of the seeds burst open, exposing a white meal. Afterwards, the seeds were separated from the husks from which they had emerged by tossing them into the air with the basket, similar to the method used in winnowing wheat in Spain. The seeds were then ground and the resulting meal was eaten. Alternatively, the seeds could be boiled and made into fried cakes.[9]
Invasive speciesedit
This plant is listed as a category II invasive exotic by Florida's pest plant council.[10]
Invasion of Antigonon leptopus on the Caribbean island of St. Eustatius significantly increased arthropod abundance and caused biotic homogenization. Specifically, uninvaded arthropod communities that were distinctly different in species composition between developed and natural sites became undistinguishable after A. leptopus invasion. Moreover, functional variables were significantly affected by species invasion. Invaded communities had higher community‐weighted mean body size and the feeding guild composition of invaded arthropod communities was characterized by the exceptional numbers of nectarivores, herbivores, and detritivores. Taxa indicated as omnivorous (e.g., ants) that seem intrinsically generalistic appear to primarily suffer from A. leptopus invasion and may be particularly sensitive to the habitat structural effects of A. leptopus. Increased coverage of A. leptopus leads to a significant decrease in the abundance of predatory lizards of the genus Anolis.[11]
^"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved May 16, 2014.
^ abcdefghiBurke, Janelle (2011). "Systematics Of Antigonon And Tropical Eriogonoideae: Phylogeny, Taxonomy, And Invasion Biology" (PDF). Cornell Theses and Dissertations. Cornell University.
^ abcCraig C., Freeman. "Antigonon leptopus". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 9 September 2022 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
^ abcRebman, Jon P.; Gibson, Judy; Rich, Karen (15 November 2016). "Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Baja California, Mexico" (PDF). Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego Natural History Museum. 45: 230.
^ abc"Antigonon leptopus: info from PIER (PIER species info)". www.hear.org. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk. 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
^ abWiggins, Ira L. (1980). Flora of Baja California. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. pp. 155–156. ISBN0-8047-1016-3. OCLC 6284257.
^ abRebman, Jon P.; Roberts, Norman C. (2012). Baja California Plant Field Guide. San Diego: Sunbelt Publications. p. 345. ISBN978-0-916251-18-5.
^Aschmann, Homer (1952). "A Primitive Food Preparation Technique in Baja California". Southwestern Journal of Anthropology. 8 (1): 36–39. doi:10.1086/soutjanth.8.1.3628552. JSTOR 3628552. S2CID 130229962.
^"List of invasive plant species" (PDF). Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. 2019.
^Jesse, Wendy A. M.; Molleman, Jasper; Franken, Oscar; Lammers, Mark; Berg, Matty P.; Behm, Jocelyn E.; Helmus, Matthew R.; Ellers, Jacintha (2020). "Disentangling the effects of plant species invasion and urban development on arthropod community composition". Global Change Biology. 26 (6): 3294–3306. doi:10.1111/gcb.15091. ISSN 1354-1013. PMC7317202. PMID 32216012.
External linksedit
Media related to Antigonon leptopus at Wikimedia Commons
Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. (2014). "Antigonon leptopus". African plants – a Photo Guide. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.
November 01, 2023
antigonon, leptopus, species, perennial, vine, buckwheat, family, commonly, known, coral, vine, queen, wreath, this, clambering, vine, characterized, showy, usually, pink, flowers, that, bloom, throughout, year, large, heart, shaped, leaves, leptopus, native, . Antigonon leptopus is a species of perennial vine in the buckwheat family commonly known as coral vine or queen s wreath This clambering vine is characterized by showy usually pink flowers that can bloom throughout the year and large heart shaped leaves A leptopus is native to the Pacific and Atlantic coastal plains of Mexico but also occurs as a roadside weed from Mexico south to Central America 3 136 137 It is widely introduced and invasive throughout tropical regions of the world including in the south and eastern United States the West Indies South America and the Old World tropics of Asia and Africa This species is utilized for its edible tubers and seeds but also for its horticultural properties as an ornamental vine in warmer parts of the world 4 Antigonon leptopusScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsOrder CaryophyllalesFamily PolygonaceaeGenus AntigononSpecies A leptopusBinomial nameAntigonon leptopusHook amp Arn 1 Synonyms 2 Antigonon amabie K Koch Antigonon cinerascens M Martens amp Galeotti Antigonon cordatum M Martens amp Galeotti Antigonon platypus Hook amp Arn Corculum leptopus Stuntz Contents 1 Description 1 1 Nomenclature 2 Distribution and habitat 2 1 Native 2 2 Non native 3 Uses 4 Invasive species 5 References 6 External linksDescription edit nbsp HabitAntigonon leptopus is a fast growing climbing vine that holds on via tendrils and is able to reach over 7 metres in length It has cordate heart shaped sometimes triangular leaves 25 to 75 mm long The flowers are borne in panicles clustered along the rachis Producing pink or white flowers from spring to autumn it forms underground tubers and large rootstocks It is a prolific seed producer The seeds float on water The fruit and seeds are eaten and spread by a wide range of animals such as pigs racoons and birds The tubers will resprout if the plant is cut back or damaged by frost Nomenclature edit This species has a wide variety of common names Some of them include 3 4 5 6 Chamorro cadena de amor flores kadena English bride s tears coral vine Confederate vine chain of love hearts on a chain Mexican creeper mountain rose coralvine queen s wreath queen s jewels French liane antigone liane corail rosa de montana Palauan dilngau Pohnpeian rohsenpoak suwed Portuguese amor agarradinho Spanish bellisima colacion confite confitillo corallita corona coronilla flor de San Diego San Miguel San Miguelito Tongan ufiDistribution and habitat editNative edit Antigonon leptopus is native to the Atlantic and Pacific coastal plains of Mexico On the Pacific coast this species is found in the north from the Sierra de la Giganta in Baja California Sur 5 the Gulf of California islands and northern Sonora On the Atlantic Coast this species is found in the north in Tamaulipas Its range extends south and inland from the Pacific side to Jalisco becoming more sporadic through Guerrero and Michoacan on the Atlantic side through Veracruz with both sides of the range converging in central Oaxaca 3 136 137 This species occupies a variety of habitats but prefers sandy soils and is intolerant of shade 3 140 In Baja California Sur this species primarily occurs naturally in washes arroyos and on hilly slopes 7 The vine clambers over cacti and trees and overwhelms shrubs and rocks 8 A leptopus inhabits a number of different environments on the peninsula from the islands and desert on the Gulf Coast the Magdalena Plains the Sierra de la Giganta the Sierra de la Laguna and the xeric scrubby lowlands of the Cape 5 It is also present as a native roadside weed and ornamental for fencerows 7 and can be seen prominently along Mexican Federal Highway 1 near the Sierra de la Giganta 8 Non native edit Outside of its native range Antigonon leptopus is a pantropical invasive particularly notable for destabilizing island ecosystems 3 185 It is present on all tropical continents and even on remote islands in the Pacific Ocean 3 196 Phylogenetic analysis of plants outside of the native range suggest that A leptopus was introduced multiple times from different seed sources 3 187 Wide cultivation of the plant as an ornamental is usually the source of most introductions although not all introductions are invasive and some records of the plant represent persistent cultivated plants and not naturalized ones 4 The preferred habitats of introduced A leptopus includes disturbed areas forest edges roadsides coral cliffs limestone soils along banks and in waste places 6 It can tolerate full sun and partial shade as well as poor soils 3 175 In the wet season this species can completely outcompete and smother native vines and understory plants In the dry season it can tolerate drought by defoliating which provides fuel for wildfires Soil disturbance can spread the tubers and the seeds can be dispersed easily because they float on water 6 3 191 nbsp The form with white flowersUses editAntigonon leptopus was prepared for consumption by the aboriginal inhabitants of Baja California Sur in a way reminiscent of preparing popcorn The seeds were toasted by placing them in a flat basket made of flexible twigs which was torn into strips and woven to make a solid surface On top of the seeds live coals were placed and with both hands the basket was shaken so that the coals came up against the seeds toasting them but not burning the basket When the toasting was finished the burned out coals were removed Using this method a major portion of the seeds burst open exposing a white meal Afterwards the seeds were separated from the husks from which they had emerged by tossing them into the air with the basket similar to the method used in winnowing wheat in Spain The seeds were then ground and the resulting meal was eaten Alternatively the seeds could be boiled and made into fried cakes 9 Invasive species editThis plant is listed as a category II invasive exotic by Florida s pest plant council 10 Invasion of Antigonon leptopus on the Caribbean island of St Eustatius significantly increased arthropod abundance and caused biotic homogenization Specifically uninvaded arthropod communities that were distinctly different in species composition between developed and natural sites became undistinguishable after A leptopus invasion Moreover functional variables were significantly affected by species invasion Invaded communities had higher community weighted mean body size and the feeding guild composition of invaded arthropod communities was characterized by the exceptional numbers of nectarivores herbivores and detritivores Taxa indicated as omnivorous e g ants that seem intrinsically generalistic appear to primarily suffer from A leptopus invasion and may be particularly sensitive to the habitat structural effects of A leptopus Increased coverage of A leptopus leads to a significant decrease in the abundance of predatory lizards of the genus Anolis 11 References edit Antigonon leptopus Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 2010 10 21 The Plant List A Working List of All Plant Species Retrieved May 16 2014 a b c d e f g h i Burke Janelle 2011 Systematics Of Antigonon And Tropical Eriogonoideae Phylogeny Taxonomy And Invasion Biology PDF Cornell Theses and Dissertations Cornell University a b c Craig C Freeman Antigonon leptopus In Flora of North America Editorial Committee ed Flora of North America North of Mexico FNA New York and Oxford Oxford University Press Retrieved 9 September 2022 via eFloras org Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis MO amp Harvard University Herbaria Cambridge MA a b c Rebman Jon P Gibson Judy Rich Karen 15 November 2016 Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Baja California Mexico PDF Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History San Diego Natural History Museum 45 230 a b c Antigonon leptopus info from PIER PIER species info www hear org Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk 2013 Retrieved 10 September 2022 a b Wiggins Ira L 1980 Flora of Baja California Stanford Calif Stanford University Press pp 155 156 ISBN 0 8047 1016 3 OCLC 6284257 a b Rebman Jon P Roberts Norman C 2012 Baja California Plant Field Guide San Diego Sunbelt Publications p 345 ISBN 978 0 916251 18 5 Aschmann Homer 1952 A Primitive Food Preparation Technique in Baja California Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 8 1 36 39 doi 10 1086 soutjanth 8 1 3628552 JSTOR 3628552 S2CID 130229962 List of invasive plant species PDF Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council 2019 Jesse Wendy A M Molleman Jasper Franken Oscar Lammers Mark Berg Matty P Behm Jocelyn E Helmus Matthew R Ellers Jacintha 2020 Disentangling the effects of plant species invasion and urban development on arthropod community composition Global Change Biology 26 6 3294 3306 doi 10 1111 gcb 15091 ISSN 1354 1013 PMC 7317202 PMID 32216012 External links edit nbsp Media related to Antigonon leptopus at Wikimedia Commons Dressler S Schmidt M amp Zizka G 2014 Antigonon leptopus African plants a Photo Guide Frankfurt Main Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Antigonon leptopus amp oldid 1159480331, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
