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Alejandro (song)

"Alejandro" is a song by American singer Lady Gaga from her third extended play (EP), The Fame Monster (2009)—the reissue of her debut studio album, The Fame (2008). Written and produced by Gaga and RedOne, it was released on April 20, 2010, as the third single from the EP. Interscope Records intended the track "Dance in the Dark" to be the EP's third single after "Alejandro" initially received limited airplay, but Gaga insisted on the latter. A synth-pop track with Europop and Latin pop beats, it opens with a sample from the main melody of Vittorio Monti's "Csárdás". The song was inspired by Gaga's fear of men and is about her bidding farewell to her Latino lovers named Alejandro, Roberto and Fernando.

"Alejandro"
Single by Lady Gaga
from the EP The Fame Monster
LanguageEnglish and Spanish
ReleasedApril 20, 2010
Recorded2009
StudioFC Walvisch (Amsterdam)
GenreSynth-pop
Length4:34
Label
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)
  • RedOne
  • Lady Gaga
Lady Gaga singles chronology
"Telephone"
(2010)
"Alejandro"
(2010)
"Dance in the Dark"
(2010)
Music video
"Alejandro" on YouTube

Some critics praised the track's catchiness and production while others criticized it as unoriginal, mainly due to the influence from the pop acts ABBA and Ace of Base. Retrospective reviewers ranked the song as one of Gaga's best. Following the album's release, the song charted in the UK and Hungary. Upon its release as a single, "Alejandro" topped the Czech, Finnish, Mexican, Venezuelan, Polish, Russian and Romanian charts, and reached the top five in the US, Australia, Canada and Sweden. In a 2017 journal, which studied structural patterns in melodies of earworm songs, American Psychological Association called "Alejandro" one of the catchiest in the world.

The accompanying music video, directed by fashion photographer Steven Klein, was inspired by Gaga's admiration of her gay friends and gay love. In the video, she dances with male soldiers in a cabaret, interspersed with scenes of near-naked men holding machine guns and Gaga playing a nun who swallows a rosary. Critics complimented the video's idea and dark nature and compared it with the work of 1980s pop artists. The Catholic League criticized Gaga's use of religious symbols in the video. Retrospective commentators analyzed the video's themes, including BDSM, anti-fascism, sexual violence and religion. Gaga performed the song on the ninth season of American Idol and many of her concert tours and residency shows.

Background and release edit

Lady Gaga and RedOne wrote and produced "Alejandro"; they also worked on vocal arrangement and background vocals. RedOne solely handled instrumentation, programming and recording, and worked with Eelco Bakker on audio engineering. The song was mixed by Robert Orton and mastered by Gene Grimaldi. Johnny Severin did vocal editing. "Alejandro" was recorded at FC Walvisch Studios in Amsterdam.[1]

Interscope Records planned to release "Dance in the Dark" as the third single from the extended play (EP) The Fame Monster (2009)—the reissue of Gaga's debut studio album, The Fame (2008).[2][3][4] Her own choice, "Alejandro", initially saw poor airplay and was not seen as a viable choice. Following a quarrel between Gaga and her label, "Alejandro" was chosen as the third single. Through her account on Twitter, Gaga remarked on the decision, "Alejandro is on the radio. Fuck it sounds so good, we did it little monsters."[3][4] The single was officially sent to radio on April 20, 2010, in the United States.[5] She told Fuse TV that the inspiration behind "Alejandro" was her "Fear of Men Monster".[6] According to NME, Gaga longs for the affection of her ex-lovers but rejects them, fearing commitment and abandonment.[7]

Music and lyrics edit

"Alejandro" is a synth-pop song with what Billboard describes as a "romping, stomping Euro-pop beat".[8][9] "Alejandro" opens with the main melody from the piece "Csárdás" by Italian composer Vittorio Monti played on violin,[10] as a distressed Gaga states in a Spanish accent: "I know that we are young, and I know that you may love me/But I just can't be with you like this anymore, Alejandro." In a Cambridge University Press-published journal analyzing Gaga's "musical intertexts" on The Fame Monster, authors Lori Burns, Alyssa Woods and Marc Lafrance described her voice during this passage as "compressed and filtered to create a distant but focused effect".[11] Gaga sings the pre-chorus where she describes her relationship as problematic and lets her lover know about making a choice: "You know that I love you, boy/Hot like Mexico, rejoice!/At this point I've got to choose/Nothing to lose."[12] By the song's end, Gaga bids her lovers—Alejandro, Fernando, and Roberto—farewell.[9]

According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, the song is set in the time signature of common time, with a moderate tempo of 99 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of B minor with Gaga's vocal range spanning from F3 to G4. The song has a basic sequence of Bm–D–Fm as its chord progression.[13] "Alejandro" is influenced by Ace of Base and ABBA,[9][14] particularly the latter's 1975 song "Fernando".[14][15] Burns, Woods and Lafrance believed by referencing "Fernando", which was popular within the gay community, Gaga identifies as an advocate for the rights of marginalized minorities.[12] This is solidified by the influence of Latin pop songs in the chorus, especially Shakira's "Whenever, Wherever" and Madonna's "La Isla Bonita", which had commercial success in the LGBTQ community.[16] Comparing the song with Ace of Base's "Don't Turn Around"—which tells the story of a woman left by her male lover—Burns, Woods and Lafrance added that "Alejandro" switches this concept where Gaga initiates the break-up.[17] As such, the song shows Gaga's commitment to feminism and "liberat[ing]" performance art.[18] Eve Barlow of Vulture praised Gaga's outspoken sex-positive feminism in the song, exemplified by the lyrics "don't want to kiss, don't want to touch/Just smoke my cigarette and hush".[19]

In the European Journal of Media Studies, Anne Kustritz wrote that "Alejandro" showed Gaga's use of "unending semiotic shell game".[20] She felt that the names Alejandro, Roberto and Fernando, the word "Mexico", and the brief Spanish lyrics confirmed either that the song is set in Latin America or Gaga's lover is Hispanic. Kustritz believed that, beyond these instances, the song conveyed little about Mexico, Latin America or intercultural relationships. Confused by the song's constant shift of viewpoint from "I" to "You" to "She",[21] Kustritz noted how certain phrases[a] introduce themes but do not develop them further and "merely appear, like drunken lyrical mad lib fill-ins. Words seem to have been positioned in 'Alejandro' not because they convey meaning but because of how they sound, a strategy which reverses the usual insistence that the signified trumps the formal properties of the signifier."[22]

Critical reception and accolades edit

Earlier critical reception to "Alejandro" was mixed. The song was called a summer-friendly track (BBC),[23] a "lush paean to a love that's 'hot like Mexico'" (MTV News),[15] "brilliantly catchy, deceptively simple and wonderfully melancholy" (MusicOMH),[24] and light-hearted (NME and Los Angeles Times).[25][26] Robert Copsey of Digital Spy praised the song's melodies, describing them as "deceptively catchy" and the lyrics as "wistful".[27] In a mixed review, Jon Blistein of L Magazine wrote that "Alejandro" and "Monster", another track from The Fame Monster, are "half-decent club/pop songs in their own right—and much more well-organized than 'Bad Romance'—they don't seem like complete thoughts".[28]

 
"Alejandro" was compared in multiple reviews to the music of Swedish band ABBA (pictured in 1974), particularly their 1975 single, "Fernando".

Comparisons with other artists, especially ABBA and Ace of Base's work, were constant in reviews.[29] Reviews from Slant Magazine and Rolling Stone believed the song paid a delightful tribute to ABBA.[14][30] It was described as a modernized version of an ABBA song by AllMusic and Pitchfork critics.[31][32] In a five-out-of-five-star review, Copsey recognized similarities to "La Isla Bonita" and Ace of Base songs, but felt that Gaga added "her own inimitable twist too".[27] Comparing the song to "Don't Turn Around" and "Fernando", Lindsey Fortier from Billboard added, "By the song's end, Alejandro, Fernando and Roberto aren't the only ones sent packing—the listener is dancing out right behind them."[9] Sociologist Mathieu Deflem dismissed the criticism of the song as an "ABBA rip-off" as he believed the reference to the band was intentional by RedOne who is also from Sweden.[33] Other comparisons of the song included with Madonna's 1987 single "Who's That Girl"[34] and Shakira in the chorus.[35]

Some reviews were negative. Sarah Hajibagheri from The Times dismissed it as a "painful Latino warble [and] a would-be Eurovision reject".[36] The Boston Globe's James Reed criticized it as "a tepid dance track" where she needlessly repeats the song's title.[37] Nathan Pensky of PopMatters felt that it is "a song truly made up of nothing, not even bothering to revel in its vacuity". Acknowledging its catchiness, Pensky opined that making a simple pop song was not enough, especially considering the quality of Gaga's other songs—"Bad Romance" and "Telephone".[38]

In retrospect, the song was ranked as one of Gaga's best by NME, The Guardian, Belfast Telegraph, Rolling Stone, Billboard and Vulture.[b] It was considered one of "Gaga's most enduring singles" by The Guardian,[39] and one of her catchiest pop songs by Vulture.[43] Belfast Telegraph approvingly highlighted "the inexplicably European lilt" in the spoken-word lyrics and "the femme-fatale chilliness of its chorus".[40] For Billboard, "The sweaty, stomping production ramps up during one of Gaga's simplest, most effective hooks to date."[42] On the song's 10-year anniversary, Mike Wass of Idolator complimented it for still sounding "as audacious and addictive as it did back then", concluding that "every element of 'Alejandro' comes together perfectly to create dance-pop bliss".[44]

"Alejandro" won an International Dance Music Award for Best Pop Dance Track and a BMI Pop Award for Most-Performed Songs of the Year.[45][46] It received nominations for a Gaygalan Award for International Song of the Year and a Rockbjörnen prize for Foreign Song of the Year.[47][48] A 2017 journal, published by Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts studying structural patterns in the melodies of earworm songs, compiled lists of catchiest tracks from 3,000 participants, in which "Alejandro" ranked number eight.[49]

Chart performance edit

In the US, "Alejandro" debuted at number 72 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the issue dated April 17, 2010. The song debuted on the Mainstream Top 40 chart at number 35, and the Hot Digital Songs chart at number 71, after selling 24,000 paid digital downloads according to Nielsen Soundscan.[50] It reached number five on the Hot 100, becoming Gaga's seventh consecutive top ten single in the US.[51] She became the most recent female artist to have her first seven singles reach top-ten in the US, since R&B singer Monica did so from 1995 to 1999, and with Gaga doing so in only 17 months.[52] "Alejandro" peaked at number four on the Mainstream Top 40 chart, becoming the first single by her not to reach the number one position there.[51] It also debuted on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart at 40[53] and reached the top in the issue dated July 7, 2010.[54] The song has sold 2.63 million digital downloads in the US as of February 2019,[55] making Gaga the second artist in digital history to amass seven consecutive two million sellers as a lead act.[56][57] The track was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in October 2017.[58] On the Canadian Hot 100, "Alejandro" peaked at number four on the issue dated May 8, 2010.[59]

On the ARIA Singles Chart (Australia), "Alejandro" peaked at number two, becoming Gaga's seventh top-five hit in the country.[60] "Alejandro" was certified quadruple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipment of 280,000 copies of the single.[61] The song peaked at number 11 on the New Zealand Top 40.[62] With the release of The Fame Monster in November 2009, "Alejandro" charted on the UK Singles Chart at number 75.[63] It peaked at number seven in 2010,[63] becoming her sixth top ten song in the UK.[64] According to the Official Charts Company, "Alejandro" has sold a total of 436,000 copies as of February 2014, and was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) in 2020.[65][66] They listed it as the 37th best-selling vinyl single in the UK for the 2010s.[67] Across Europe, the song reached the top five in Austria, the Ultratop charts of Belgium (Flanders and Wallonia), Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Sweden and Switzerland, topping the charts in Finland, Poland, Romania and Russia.[68][69][70][71]

Music video edit

Development and release edit

In January 2010, Gaga began casting for the music video of "Alejandro".[72] It was directed by photographer Steven Klein,[73] whom Gaga considered the right choice as he understood her "I am what I wear" lifestyle, theater background, "love of music and love of the lie in art". She discussed her respect for Klein. "[W]e've been excited to collaborate and have a fashion photographer tell us a story, the story of my music through his lens and this idea of fashion and lifestyle."[74]

The video thematizes military homoeroticism and celebrates Gaga's admiration of the gay community.[75] She explained it is about the "purity of my friendships with my gay friends, and how I've been unable to find that with a straight man in my life. It's a celebration and an admiration of gay love—it confesses my envy of the courage and bravery they require to be together. In the video I'm pining for the love of my gay friends—but they just don't want me to be with them."[76] For Klein, the video is "about a woman's desire to resurrect a dead love and who can not face the brutality of her present situation. The pain of living without your true love."[77]

On the television talk show Larry King Live (2010), Gaga released a black-and-white portion from the video, in which she and her dancers perform variations on a sharp military march throughout.[75] The video premiered on Gaga's official website and her YouTube and Vevo accounts on June 8, 2010.[78] Days after the video's release, Gaga posted on her Twitter account: "Men are men ... A soldier is a soldier." Anne Kustritz wrote that it was posted at a time when she was publicly opposing "don't ask, don't tell", a policy by the United States Armed Forces, which prohibited discrimination against closeted homosexuals but also barred openly gay people from military service. Kustritz opined the video hardly portrayed this and it was unclear whether it was for or against the policy.[22]

Synopsis edit

The video was inspired by the Broadway musical Cabaret (1966), anti-fascism, religion, BDSM, sexual violence and the gay scene in 1920s Berlin.[22][79][80] It begins with soldiers in black leather uniforms (designed by Emporio Armani) in a cabaret.[81] This is followed by a close-up of a soldier passed out in fishnet stockings and heels as another lone soldier stares into the distance.[79] The scene then cuts to male dancers performing elaborate choreography while marching forward with a Star of David. As the song's intro begins, Gaga is shown leading a funeral procession and carrying the Sacred Heart on a pillow. When the lyrics begin, she sits on a throne in an elaborate headpiece and binocular-like eyepieces, holding a smoking pipe and watching her dancers perform a rigorous routine in the snow.[79] Playing the character Sally Bowles from Cabaret in the following scene, Gaga dances and simulates sex acts with three men on a stage with twin beds, intercut with shots of her lying on a larger bed dressed in a red latex nun outfit.[82]

Gaga appears dressed in a white hooded robe reminiscent of Joan of Arc, interspersed with a shot of her as a nun consuming rosary beads.[83] Gaga and her dancers in military uniforms are shown in a black-and-white sequence, performing a tribute to the late choreographer Bob Fosse, the director of the film version of Cabaret.[84] Gaga is seen in a blonde bob and a similar outfit to one of Liza Minnelli's performance costumes. The video shows a scene of her in a machine gun-equipped bra and her dancers. After a shot of her in an empty club, scenes of war breaking out flash by, and the lone soldier appears again. Going back to the Joan of Arc scene, she struggles with her dancers and disrobes. The video ends with her dressed as the nun, and the picture burns outwards.[79]

Anne Kustritz believed the video is possibly set in post-World War II Argentina where Gaga's character is seduced by Nazi fugitives assuming false Spanish identities but opined that the video barely shows Latin America or Mexico.[22] Author Joshua S. Walden saw vague allusions to a Hispanic location through the Catholic references with crucifix iconography, the red nun habit and the rosary.[85] James Montgomery thought the video was a tribute to pre-Nazi Germany, elaborating that the "carefully crafted close-ups, languorously smoked cigarettes and oppressively cut costumes" evoke the "artistically fertile but politically and economically difficult era" before Adolf Hitler's rise to power.[79]

Reception edit

 
 
Elements of the video were compared to the work of Madonna (pictured left in 1990), including Gaga's gun bra, which she again donned for the performance of "Alejandro" (pictured right) during her Born This Way Ball (2012–2013).

The music video received mostly positive critical reviews. It was nominated for a MuchMusic Video Award for Most Streamed Video of the Year.[86] Praise focused on the video's dark themes and imagery. James Montgomery from MTV News commented that "Gaga has created a world that, while oppressive, also looks great"[79] and added in another piece that "she may have finally reached the point in her career where not even she can top herself."[87] Rolling Stone's Daniel Kreps labeled the video a "cinematic epic",[88] and Nate Jones of Time was impressed with the combination of "self-conscious ballsiness of Gaga and director Steven Klein".[89] Randall Roberts from the Los Angeles Times said that "the clip reinforces the notion that no one understands the convergence of image and music right now better than Gaga."[90] Other critics praised the video's quality but thought it was not on par with Gaga's previous videos, mainly "Bad Romance" and "Telephone".[91][84]

Critics took note of the video's length, shock value and complicated storyline. Jen Dose from National Post commented that "Alejandro" was another instance of Gaga's extravagance in her work.[92] The story was described as complicated by some critics, although Jed Gottlieb from the Boston Herald noted its lack of a happy ending.[93][94] Anthony Benigno from New York Daily News felt that "the shock songstress' new music video ... is chock full of bed-ridden S&M imagery that makes it look like the softcore answer to The Matrix" (1999).[82]

Reviewers saw references to artists Janet Jackson, Madonna, Laibach and The Three Stooges, as well as the films Frankenstein (1931), Triumph of the Will (1935) and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937).[22][95] Because of the video's military theme, comparisons were made to Jackson's "Rhythm Nation".[8] The connection to Madonna was made mainly with her film Evita (1996), and the videos for her songs "Like a Prayer", "Human Nature", "Express Yourself" and "Vogue".[8][96][91] According to Devon Thomas from CBS News, "Express Yourself" influenced Gaga's short, cropped hair and black blazer "set against the stark, post-industrialist mood" in "Alejandro". Thomas considered the video "a visual love letter" to Madonna, particularly of the Blond Ambition World Tour era.[97] The resemblance to "Vogue" was the black-and-white cinematography,[88] Dolce & Gabbana vest, Francesco Scognamiglio pantsuit and machine-gun bra.[c][98] Some reviewers defended Gaga; James Montgomery believed comparing the two artists merely because of the black and white cinematography and Gaga's bowl haircut was unfounded: "[T]hat's sort of selling their vision short".[99] Kreps thought the video's similarity to Madonna's work was because Klein had worked with her before filming "Alejandro".[88] Kara Warner of MTV News viewed that unlike Madonna, the style of "Alejandro" is "more cutting, masculine and militant".[75]

Religious iconography and themes edit

"Alejandro" created a media uproar after the release of the video because of its use of religious imagery.[100] One of the most discussed scenes in the video was when Gaga, wearing a nun's habit, swallowed rosary beads.[101] The Catholic League criticized the video for its use of religious imagery, accusing Gaga of "playing a Madonna copy-cat".[102][103] This was echoed by Mónica Herrera, who said Gaga's use of the rosary and nun's habit to make sexual references was reminiscent of Madonna's "Like a Prayer" video.[8] In an interview with MTV, Klein explained that this scene was Gaga's act of theophagy—"the desire to take in the holy". He said that the religious imagery was not supposed to signify anything negative, but only Gaga's "battle between the darker and lighter forces" as consolidated by Gaga's nun outfit. Klein added that the significance behind her mouth and eyes disappearing was "because she is withdrawing her senses from the world of evil and going inward towards prayer and contemplation".[103]

 
Gaga dressed as a nun in a red latex habit, swallowing rosary beads. The Catholic League criticized the video's religious imagery.

Many critics agreed that the religious imagery was a calculated move by Gaga to create controversy. One of them was Simon Voxick-Levinson from Entertainment Weekly: "Gaga wants to offend people. She's a provocateur. Gaga would probably be disappointed if no one was offended by her latest video. She's doing that stuff for a reason." He found the risks unoriginal and not as exciting as the ones in "Telephone". The New York Times' Jon Caramanica viewed the controversy as Gaga's attempt to take the "Queen of Pop" title from Madonna and found the religious imagery obvious and lazy.[104] Singer Katy Perry wrote in her Twitter account, "Using blasphemy as entertainment is as cheap as a comedian telling fart jokes." HuffPost suggested this was directed at Gaga even if she was not explicitly mentioned.[105] Perry responded that the tweet was not only about Gaga but more about her personal views of religion.[106] Her comments were criticized as hypocritical by BBC's Fraser McAlpine, who accused her of capitalizing on bi-curiosity with her song "I Kissed a Girl" (2008).[107]

Critics analyzed the military look and scenes. The soldiers wore German underwear from the Interwar period and black shirts and leather jackets; for the authors Sally Gray and Anusha Rutnam, they represented "Italian fascist-inflected male sartorial aesthetics".[108] In the Journal of LGBT Youth, Gilad Padva wrote that the military look is "queered by the explicit homoerotic photography, stylized choreography, the revealing outfits, their exposed muscles, and their sensual interactions". Padva wrote that the intimate interactions between the male dancers "(choreo)graphically challenge the hegemonic heteromasculinity and machismo",[80] and Gaga's dominance reverses "the notorious heteronormative power relations" where she becomes "the penetrator rather than the penetrated".[109] Literary critic Craig N. Owens wrote that some scenes of Gaga and the soldiers feature misplacement of the heart and the penis. For example, the beginning shows a muscular young man in a helmet and black briefs; he covers his crotch with a pistol. Owens thought the gun symbolizes the covered penis and indicates its displacement onto the upward-facing finial on the top of the helmet on his head. Owens believed the ending portrays organ replacement in that the top of Gaga's suit is changed into a machine gun-carrying bra. He found that this alluded to the ending scene of Gaga's "Bad Romance" video, in which she wears a pyrotechnic bra.[110]

Live performances edit

 
Gaga performing "Alejandro" on the revamped Monster Ball Tour (2011), which included a replica of Bethesda Fountain in New York's Central Park.

Between 2009 and 2011, Gaga performed "Alejandro" on The Monster Ball Tour. On the original version of the tour, she wore a silver bodysuit and was then carried by her crotch by one of her male dancers and lowered onto another male dancer, engaging in a threesome with them.[111] T'Cha Dunlevy from The Gazette said that "the song followed in fast order, with not quite enough to set [it] apart. It was one choreographed dance number after the next."[112] Jeremy Adams from Rolling Stone commented that the performance was "[one] of several moments ... that gave parents in the audience consternation".[113] Jim Harrington from The Mercury News compared Gaga's performance with that of an erotic dancer.[114] On the revamped show, Gaga smeared herself with fake blood during "Alejandro", as she took a bath in a fountain-like architecture on the stage, a replica of Bethesda Fountain in New York's Central Park.[115][116] Katrin Horn, a postdoctoral fellow in American studies, wrote that while performing "Alejandro", Gaga approached her audiences differently. She asked them to "put your hands up for equal rights!" instead of screaming to "dance" or "put your paws up" as she usually does. In this respect, she declared her desire to support political causes.[117]

 
Gaga performing "Alejandro" on the Joanne World Tour in a mesh leather cut-out bodysuit (2018)

In April 2010, Gaga performed "Alejandro" at the MAC AIDS Fund Pan-Asia Viva Glam launch in Tokyo. In a performance billed as "GagaKoh", she wore a doily lace dress and entered the stage in a procession inspired by a Japanese wedding. As the lights dimmed, she sat at her piano on the rotating stage and belted out "Speechless", followed by the performance of "Alejandro" where she was picked up by one of her dancers covered in talcum powder.[118][119] Gaga taped a medley of "Bad Romance" and "Alejandro" for the ninth season of American Idol in an episode aired in May 2010.[120][121][122] She was dressed in a black outfit while surrounded by shirtless dancers. During the chorus, a statue of the Virgin Mary had flames pouring out of its top, after which fog filled the stage as Gaga and her dancers performed a dance routine.[123] Luchina Fisher from ABC News called it a "thinly-veiled performance dripping with sex and violins" and "Gaga doing her best Madonna impression".[124] In July 2010, Gaga sang "Alejandro" on Today on a stage outside the studio.[125]

Gaga performed "Alejandro" at the Robin Hood Gala on May 9, 2011, to benefit the Robin Hood Foundation,[126] and on May 15, 2011, during Radio 1's Big Weekend in Carlisle, Cumbria.[127] On September 24, 2011, she performed it at the first iHeartRadio Music Festival, at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas.[128] It was also part of the setlist to Gaga's Born This Way Ball tour (2012–2013). The performance included her lounging on a meat couch and wearing her gun bra with half-naked men dancing around her.[129] For her 2014 tour, the ArtRave: The Artpop Ball, Gaga wore a green wig and leather hot pants for the performance of the song.[130] In 2017, she performed "Alejandro" during her shows at the Coachella Festival, while wearing a red crop-top sweatshirt.[131] The song was also part of the setlist of the Joanne World Tour (2017–2018), where she performed it in a mesh leather cut-out bodysuit,[132][133][134] and her Las Vegas residency show, Enigma (2018–2020).[135]

Track listing and formats edit

Credits and personnel edit

Credits are adapted from the liner notes of The Fame Monster.[1]

Charts edit

Certifications and sales edit

Certifications and sales for "Alejandro"
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[61] 4× Platinum 280,000
Belgium (BEA)[209] Platinum 30,000*
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[210] Diamond 250,000
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[211] Platinum 30,000^
France (SNEP)[212] Gold 150,000*
Germany (BVMI)[213] Platinum 300,000^
Italy (FIMI)[214] 2× Platinum 60,000*
New Zealand (RMNZ)[215] Gold 7,500*
Norway (IFPI Norway)[216] Platinum 60,000
Russia (NFPF)[217]
Ringtone
4× Platinum 800,000*
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[218] Platinum 40,000*
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[219]
Since 2015
Gold 30,000
Sweden (GLF)[220] Platinum 40,000
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[221] Platinum 30,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[66] Platinum 600,000
United States (RIAA)[58] 4× Platinum 2,630,000[55]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history edit

Release dates and formats for "Alejandro"
Region Date Format(s) Version Label Ref.
Belgium November 9, 2009[d] Digital download Original Interscope [222]
France [223]
Sweden [224]
United States April 20, 2010 [5]
Europe May 10, 2010 Digital download Remixes [225]
Canada May 18, 2010 [226]
United States [227]
[228]
France June 8, 2010 Radio airplay Original Universal [229]
United States June 15, 2010 CD Remixes Interscope [230]
France June 21, 2010
Original [231]
Italy June 25, 2010 Radio airplay Universal [232]
United Kingdom June 28, 2010
Polydor [233]
Germany July 2, 2010 CD Interscope [234]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Halo", which she believed references Christianity and "boyfriend like a dad", which has "potential feminist or psychoanalytic concerns"[22]
  2. ^ Attributed to multiple references[7][39][40][41][42][43]
  3. ^ Madonna wore a cone bra in the music video for "Vogue".[97]
  4. ^ Released as a promotional single.

References edit

  1. ^ a b Lady Gaga (2009). The Fame Monster (Booklet liner notes). Interscope Records. p. 3. 272 527-6.
  2. ^ Linder, Brian (November 23, 2009). "Lady Gaga – The Fame Monster Review". IGN. from the original on June 13, 2022. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Lady Gaga – Gaga Still Releasing 'Alejandro' in U.S." Contactmusic.com. April 5, 2010. from the original on April 7, 2010. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
  4. ^ a b "Lady GaGa Will Release 'Alejandro' as Next Single". MTV News. April 6, 2010. from the original on April 14, 2011. Retrieved April 16, 2010.
  5. ^ a b . FMQB. Archived from the original on May 3, 2010. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
  6. ^ "Lady Gaga". Loaded. Season 1. February 15, 2010. 23:05 minutes in. Fuse TV. "Alejandro" is my 'Fear of Men' – Monster.
  7. ^ a b Campbell, Kyle (October 2, 2018). "Lady Gaga: her top 10 songs, ranked". NME. from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  8. ^ a b c d Herrera, Monica (June 10, 2010). "Lady Gaga 'Alejandro' Video Premieres, Channels Vintage Madonna". Billboard. from the original on March 10, 2014. Retrieved July 9, 2010.
  9. ^ a b c d Fortier, Lindsay (May 1, 2010). "New Releases: Lady Gaga 'Alejandro'". Billboard. from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  10. ^ . Royal Philharmonic Society. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
  11. ^ Burns, Woods & Lafrance 2015, p. 14.
  12. ^ a b Burns, Woods & Lafrance 2015, p. 22.
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  217. ^ (in Russian). Lenta. Archived from the original on December 16, 2019. Retrieved April 29, 2023.
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  220. ^ (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 17, 2011. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
  221. ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('Alejandro')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
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  223. ^ "Alejandro: France Digital download". iTunes Store. from the original on September 22, 2011. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  224. ^ "Alejandro: Sweden Digital download". iTunes Store. from the original on March 10, 2010. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  225. ^ Digital releases across Europe for "Alejandro":
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    • "Alejandro – Lady GaGa". iTunes Store. January 2010. from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
    • "Alejandro – Lady GaGa". iTunes Store. January 2010. from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
    • "Alejandro van – Lady Gaga" (in Dutch). iTunes Store. January 2010. from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
    • "Alejandro – Lady GaGa". iTunes Store. January 2010. from the original on September 25, 2011. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
    • "Alejandro – Lady GaGa". iTunes Store. January 2010. from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
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  226. ^ "Alejandro (The Remixes) – Lady Gaga". iTunes Store. January 2010. from the original on September 15, 2011. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  227. ^ "Alejandro – Lady Gaga – The Remixes EP". Amazon. from the original on February 16, 2015. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  228. ^ "Alejandro – Lady Gaga – The Remixes EP". iTunes Store. January 2010. from the original on May 22, 2010. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
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  232. ^ "EarOne | Radio Date, le novita musicali della settimana" (in Italian). EarOne. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  233. ^ "'Alejandro' [7' Vinyl]". Amazon (United Kingdom). from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  234. ^ . Ladygaga.de. July 2, 2010. Archived from the original on July 1, 2010. Retrieved July 9, 2010.

Literary sources edit

  • Burns, Lori; Woods, Alyssa; Lafrance, Marc (March 2015). "The Genealogy of a Song: Lady Gaga's Musical Intertexts on The Fame Monster (2009)". Twentieth-Century Music. 12 (1). Cambridge University Press: 3–35. doi:10.1017/S1478572214000176. S2CID 194128676.
  • Deflem, Mathieu (2017). "Art Pop: The Styles of Lady Gaga". Lady Gaga and the Sociology of Fame: the Rise of a Pop Star in an Age of Celebrity. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 189–210. ISBN 978-1-137-58468-7.
  • Horn, Katrin (2017). "Taking Pop Seriously: Lady Gaga as Camp". Women, Camp, and Popular Culture: Serious Excess. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 193–252. ISBN 978-3-319-64845-3.
  • Jakubowski, Kelly; Finkel, Sebastian; Stewart, Lauren; Müllensiefen, Daniel (May 2017). "Dissecting an Earworm: Melodic Features and Song Popularity Predict Involuntary Musical Imagery" (PDF). Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. 11 (2). American Psychological Association: 122–135. doi:10.1037/aca0000090. (PDF) from the original on October 4, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2022.
  • Iddon, Martin; Marshall, Melanie L., eds. (2014). Lady Gaga and Popular Music: Performing Gender, Fashion, and Culture. Routledge Studies in Popular Music. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-07987-2.
    • Gray, Sally; Rutnam, Anusha (2014). "Her Own Real Thing: Lady Gaga and the House of Fashion". Lady Gaga and Popular Music : Performing Gender, Fashion, and Culture. Routledge. pp. 43–66. ISBN 978-1-134-07987-2.
    • Owens, Craig N. (2014). "Celebrity without Organs". Lady Gaga and Popular Music : Performing Gender, Fashion, and Culture. Routledge. pp. 94–116. ISBN 978-1-134-07987-2.
  • Kustritz, Anne (2012). "MP3s, rebundled debt, and performative economics – Deferral, derivatives, and digital commodity fetishism in Lady Gaga's spectacle of excess". NECSUS European Journal of Media Studies. 2 (23–54). Amsterdam University Press: 35–54. doi:10.5117/NECSUS2012.2.KUST.
  • Padva, Gilad (January 2, 2018). "Queer Nostalgia in Cinema and Pop Culture". Journal of LGBT Youth. 15 (1). Palgrave Macmillan: 173–199. doi:10.1057/9781137266347. ISBN 978-1-137-26633-0.
  • Walden, Joshua S. (2014). "Conclusion". Sounding authentic: the rural miniature and musical modernism. Oxford University Press. pp. 203–210. ISBN 978-0-199-33467-4.

alejandro, song, alejandro, song, american, singer, lady, gaga, from, third, extended, play, fame, monster, 2009, reissue, debut, studio, album, fame, 2008, written, produced, gaga, redone, released, april, 2010, third, single, from, interscope, records, inten. Alejandro is a song by American singer Lady Gaga from her third extended play EP The Fame Monster 2009 the reissue of her debut studio album The Fame 2008 Written and produced by Gaga and RedOne it was released on April 20 2010 as the third single from the EP Interscope Records intended the track Dance in the Dark to be the EP s third single after Alejandro initially received limited airplay but Gaga insisted on the latter A synth pop track with Europop and Latin pop beats it opens with a sample from the main melody of Vittorio Monti s Csardas The song was inspired by Gaga s fear of men and is about her bidding farewell to her Latino lovers named Alejandro Roberto and Fernando Alejandro Single by Lady Gagafrom the EP The Fame MonsterLanguageEnglish and SpanishReleasedApril 20 2010Recorded2009StudioFC Walvisch Amsterdam GenreSynth popLength4 34LabelStreamline KonLive Cherrytree InterscopeSongwriter s Stefani Germanotta Nadir KhayatProducer s RedOne Lady GagaLady Gaga singles chronology Telephone 2010 Alejandro 2010 Dance in the Dark 2010 Music video Alejandro on YouTube Some critics praised the track s catchiness and production while others criticized it as unoriginal mainly due to the influence from the pop acts ABBA and Ace of Base Retrospective reviewers ranked the song as one of Gaga s best Following the album s release the song charted in the UK and Hungary Upon its release as a single Alejandro topped the Czech Finnish Mexican Venezuelan Polish Russian and Romanian charts and reached the top five in the US Australia Canada and Sweden In a 2017 journal which studied structural patterns in melodies of earworm songs American Psychological Association called Alejandro one of the catchiest in the world The accompanying music video directed by fashion photographer Steven Klein was inspired by Gaga s admiration of her gay friends and gay love In the video she dances with male soldiers in a cabaret interspersed with scenes of near naked men holding machine guns and Gaga playing a nun who swallows a rosary Critics complimented the video s idea and dark nature and compared it with the work of 1980s pop artists The Catholic League criticized Gaga s use of religious symbols in the video Retrospective commentators analyzed the video s themes including BDSM anti fascism sexual violence and religion Gaga performed the song on the ninth season of American Idol and many of her concert tours and residency shows Contents 1 Background and release 2 Music and lyrics 3 Critical reception and accolades 4 Chart performance 5 Music video 5 1 Development and release 5 2 Synopsis 5 3 Reception 5 4 Religious iconography and themes 6 Live performances 7 Track listing and formats 8 Credits and personnel 9 Charts 9 1 Weekly charts 9 2 Monthly charts 9 3 Year end charts 10 Certifications and sales 11 Release history 12 See also 13 Notes 14 References 15 Literary sourcesBackground and release editLady Gaga and RedOne wrote and produced Alejandro they also worked on vocal arrangement and background vocals RedOne solely handled instrumentation programming and recording and worked with Eelco Bakker on audio engineering The song was mixed by Robert Orton and mastered by Gene Grimaldi Johnny Severin did vocal editing Alejandro was recorded at FC Walvisch Studios in Amsterdam 1 Interscope Records planned to release Dance in the Dark as the third single from the extended play EP The Fame Monster 2009 the reissue of Gaga s debut studio album The Fame 2008 2 3 4 Her own choice Alejandro initially saw poor airplay and was not seen as a viable choice Following a quarrel between Gaga and her label Alejandro was chosen as the third single Through her account on Twitter Gaga remarked on the decision Alejandro is on the radio Fuck it sounds so good we did it little monsters 3 4 The single was officially sent to radio on April 20 2010 in the United States 5 She told Fuse TV that the inspiration behind Alejandro was her Fear of Men Monster 6 According to NME Gaga longs for the affection of her ex lovers but rejects them fearing commitment and abandonment 7 Music and lyrics edit Alejandro is a synth pop song with what Billboard describes as a romping stomping Euro pop beat 8 9 Alejandro opens with the main melody from the piece Csardas by Italian composer Vittorio Monti played on violin 10 as a distressed Gaga states in a Spanish accent I know that we are young and I know that you may love me But I just can t be with you like this anymore Alejandro In a Cambridge University Press published journal analyzing Gaga s musical intertexts on The Fame Monster authors Lori Burns Alyssa Woods and Marc Lafrance described her voice during this passage as compressed and filtered to create a distant but focused effect 11 Gaga sings the pre chorus where she describes her relationship as problematic and lets her lover know about making a choice You know that I love you boy Hot like Mexico rejoice At this point I ve got to choose Nothing to lose 12 By the song s end Gaga bids her lovers Alejandro Fernando and Roberto farewell 9 nbsp Alejandro source source track A 27 second sample of the song s Latin pop influenced chorus backed by synth beats The lyrics have Gaga reject her three lovers Problems playing this file See media help According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes com by Sony ATV Music Publishing the song is set in the time signature of common time with a moderate tempo of 99 beats per minute It is composed in the key of B minor with Gaga s vocal range spanning from F 3 to G4 The song has a basic sequence of Bm D F m as its chord progression 13 Alejandro is influenced by Ace of Base and ABBA 9 14 particularly the latter s 1975 song Fernando 14 15 Burns Woods and Lafrance believed by referencing Fernando which was popular within the gay community Gaga identifies as an advocate for the rights of marginalized minorities 12 This is solidified by the influence of Latin pop songs in the chorus especially Shakira s Whenever Wherever and Madonna s La Isla Bonita which had commercial success in the LGBTQ community 16 Comparing the song with Ace of Base s Don t Turn Around which tells the story of a woman left by her male lover Burns Woods and Lafrance added that Alejandro switches this concept where Gaga initiates the break up 17 As such the song shows Gaga s commitment to feminism and liberat ing performance art 18 Eve Barlow of Vulture praised Gaga s outspoken sex positive feminism in the song exemplified by the lyrics don t want to kiss don t want to touch Just smoke my cigarette and hush 19 In the European Journal of Media Studies Anne Kustritz wrote that Alejandro showed Gaga s use of unending semiotic shell game 20 She felt that the names Alejandro Roberto and Fernando the word Mexico and the brief Spanish lyrics confirmed either that the song is set in Latin America or Gaga s lover is Hispanic Kustritz believed that beyond these instances the song conveyed little about Mexico Latin America or intercultural relationships Confused by the song s constant shift of viewpoint from I to You to She 21 Kustritz noted how certain phrases a introduce themes but do not develop them further and merely appear like drunken lyrical mad lib fill ins Words seem to have been positioned in Alejandro not because they convey meaning but because of how they sound a strategy which reverses the usual insistence that the signified trumps the formal properties of the signifier 22 Critical reception and accolades editEarlier critical reception to Alejandro was mixed The song was called a summer friendly track BBC 23 a lush paean to a love that s hot like Mexico MTV News 15 brilliantly catchy deceptively simple and wonderfully melancholy MusicOMH 24 and light hearted NME and Los Angeles Times 25 26 Robert Copsey of Digital Spy praised the song s melodies describing them as deceptively catchy and the lyrics as wistful 27 In a mixed review Jon Blistein of L Magazine wrote that Alejandro and Monster another track from The Fame Monster are half decent club pop songs in their own right and much more well organized than Bad Romance they don t seem like complete thoughts 28 nbsp Alejandro was compared in multiple reviews to the music of Swedish band ABBA pictured in 1974 particularly their 1975 single Fernando Comparisons with other artists especially ABBA and Ace of Base s work were constant in reviews 29 Reviews from Slant Magazine and Rolling Stone believed the song paid a delightful tribute to ABBA 14 30 It was described as a modernized version of an ABBA song by AllMusic and Pitchfork critics 31 32 In a five out of five star review Copsey recognized similarities to La Isla Bonita and Ace of Base songs but felt that Gaga added her own inimitable twist too 27 Comparing the song to Don t Turn Around and Fernando Lindsey Fortier from Billboard added By the song s end Alejandro Fernando and Roberto aren t the only ones sent packing the listener is dancing out right behind them 9 Sociologist Mathieu Deflem dismissed the criticism of the song as an ABBA rip off as he believed the reference to the band was intentional by RedOne who is also from Sweden 33 Other comparisons of the song included with Madonna s 1987 single Who s That Girl 34 and Shakira in the chorus 35 Some reviews were negative Sarah Hajibagheri from The Times dismissed it as a painful Latino warble and a would be Eurovision reject 36 The Boston Globe s James Reed criticized it as a tepid dance track where she needlessly repeats the song s title 37 Nathan Pensky of PopMatters felt that it is a song truly made up of nothing not even bothering to revel in its vacuity Acknowledging its catchiness Pensky opined that making a simple pop song was not enough especially considering the quality of Gaga s other songs Bad Romance and Telephone 38 In retrospect the song was ranked as one of Gaga s best by NME The Guardian Belfast Telegraph Rolling Stone Billboard and Vulture b It was considered one of Gaga s most enduring singles by The Guardian 39 and one of her catchiest pop songs by Vulture 43 Belfast Telegraph approvingly highlighted the inexplicably European lilt in the spoken word lyrics and the femme fatale chilliness of its chorus 40 For Billboard The sweaty stomping production ramps up during one of Gaga s simplest most effective hooks to date 42 On the song s 10 year anniversary Mike Wass of Idolator complimented it for still sounding as audacious and addictive as it did back then concluding that every element of Alejandro comes together perfectly to create dance pop bliss 44 Alejandro won an International Dance Music Award for Best Pop Dance Track and a BMI Pop Award for Most Performed Songs of the Year 45 46 It received nominations for a Gaygalan Award for International Song of the Year and a Rockbjornen prize for Foreign Song of the Year 47 48 A 2017 journal published by Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts studying structural patterns in the melodies of earworm songs compiled lists of catchiest tracks from 3 000 participants in which Alejandro ranked number eight 49 Chart performance editIn the US Alejandro debuted at number 72 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the issue dated April 17 2010 The song debuted on the Mainstream Top 40 chart at number 35 and the Hot Digital Songs chart at number 71 after selling 24 000 paid digital downloads according to Nielsen Soundscan 50 It reached number five on the Hot 100 becoming Gaga s seventh consecutive top ten single in the US 51 She became the most recent female artist to have her first seven singles reach top ten in the US since R amp B singer Monica did so from 1995 to 1999 and with Gaga doing so in only 17 months 52 Alejandro peaked at number four on the Mainstream Top 40 chart becoming the first single by her not to reach the number one position there 51 It also debuted on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart at 40 53 and reached the top in the issue dated July 7 2010 54 The song has sold 2 63 million digital downloads in the US as of February 2019 55 making Gaga the second artist in digital history to amass seven consecutive two million sellers as a lead act 56 57 The track was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America RIAA in October 2017 58 On the Canadian Hot 100 Alejandro peaked at number four on the issue dated May 8 2010 59 On the ARIA Singles Chart Australia Alejandro peaked at number two becoming Gaga s seventh top five hit in the country 60 Alejandro was certified quadruple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ARIA for shipment of 280 000 copies of the single 61 The song peaked at number 11 on the New Zealand Top 40 62 With the release of The Fame Monster in November 2009 Alejandro charted on the UK Singles Chart at number 75 63 It peaked at number seven in 2010 63 becoming her sixth top ten song in the UK 64 According to the Official Charts Company Alejandro has sold a total of 436 000 copies as of February 2014 and was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry BPI in 2020 65 66 They listed it as the 37th best selling vinyl single in the UK for the 2010s 67 Across Europe the song reached the top five in Austria the Ultratop charts of Belgium Flanders and Wallonia Czech Republic Denmark France Germany Hungary Ireland Italy Netherlands Norway Slovakia Sweden and Switzerland topping the charts in Finland Poland Romania and Russia 68 69 70 71 Music video editDevelopment and release edit In January 2010 Gaga began casting for the music video of Alejandro 72 It was directed by photographer Steven Klein 73 whom Gaga considered the right choice as he understood her I am what I wear lifestyle theater background love of music and love of the lie in art She discussed her respect for Klein W e ve been excited to collaborate and have a fashion photographer tell us a story the story of my music through his lens and this idea of fashion and lifestyle 74 The video thematizes military homoeroticism and celebrates Gaga s admiration of the gay community 75 She explained it is about the purity of my friendships with my gay friends and how I ve been unable to find that with a straight man in my life It s a celebration and an admiration of gay love it confesses my envy of the courage and bravery they require to be together In the video I m pining for the love of my gay friends but they just don t want me to be with them 76 For Klein the video is about a woman s desire to resurrect a dead love and who can not face the brutality of her present situation The pain of living without your true love 77 On the television talk show Larry King Live 2010 Gaga released a black and white portion from the video in which she and her dancers perform variations on a sharp military march throughout 75 The video premiered on Gaga s official website and her YouTube and Vevo accounts on June 8 2010 78 Days after the video s release Gaga posted on her Twitter account Men are men A soldier is a soldier Anne Kustritz wrote that it was posted at a time when she was publicly opposing don t ask don t tell a policy by the United States Armed Forces which prohibited discrimination against closeted homosexuals but also barred openly gay people from military service Kustritz opined the video hardly portrayed this and it was unclear whether it was for or against the policy 22 Synopsis edit The video was inspired by the Broadway musical Cabaret 1966 anti fascism religion BDSM sexual violence and the gay scene in 1920s Berlin 22 79 80 It begins with soldiers in black leather uniforms designed by Emporio Armani in a cabaret 81 This is followed by a close up of a soldier passed out in fishnet stockings and heels as another lone soldier stares into the distance 79 The scene then cuts to male dancers performing elaborate choreography while marching forward with a Star of David As the song s intro begins Gaga is shown leading a funeral procession and carrying the Sacred Heart on a pillow When the lyrics begin she sits on a throne in an elaborate headpiece and binocular like eyepieces holding a smoking pipe and watching her dancers perform a rigorous routine in the snow 79 Playing the character Sally Bowles from Cabaret in the following scene Gaga dances and simulates sex acts with three men on a stage with twin beds intercut with shots of her lying on a larger bed dressed in a red latex nun outfit 82 Gaga appears dressed in a white hooded robe reminiscent of Joan of Arc interspersed with a shot of her as a nun consuming rosary beads 83 Gaga and her dancers in military uniforms are shown in a black and white sequence performing a tribute to the late choreographer Bob Fosse the director of the film version of Cabaret 84 Gaga is seen in a blonde bob and a similar outfit to one of Liza Minnelli s performance costumes The video shows a scene of her in a machine gun equipped bra and her dancers After a shot of her in an empty club scenes of war breaking out flash by and the lone soldier appears again Going back to the Joan of Arc scene she struggles with her dancers and disrobes The video ends with her dressed as the nun and the picture burns outwards 79 Anne Kustritz believed the video is possibly set in post World War II Argentina where Gaga s character is seduced by Nazi fugitives assuming false Spanish identities but opined that the video barely shows Latin America or Mexico 22 Author Joshua S Walden saw vague allusions to a Hispanic location through the Catholic references with crucifix iconography the red nun habit and the rosary 85 James Montgomery thought the video was a tribute to pre Nazi Germany elaborating that the carefully crafted close ups languorously smoked cigarettes and oppressively cut costumes evoke the artistically fertile but politically and economically difficult era before Adolf Hitler s rise to power 79 Reception edit nbsp nbsp Elements of the video were compared to the work of Madonna pictured left in 1990 including Gaga s gun bra which she again donned for the performance of Alejandro pictured right during her Born This Way Ball 2012 2013 The music video received mostly positive critical reviews It was nominated for a MuchMusic Video Award for Most Streamed Video of the Year 86 Praise focused on the video s dark themes and imagery James Montgomery from MTV News commented that Gaga has created a world that while oppressive also looks great 79 and added in another piece that she may have finally reached the point in her career where not even she can top herself 87 Rolling Stone s Daniel Kreps labeled the video a cinematic epic 88 and Nate Jones of Time was impressed with the combination of self conscious ballsiness of Gaga and director Steven Klein 89 Randall Roberts from the Los Angeles Times said that the clip reinforces the notion that no one understands the convergence of image and music right now better than Gaga 90 Other critics praised the video s quality but thought it was not on par with Gaga s previous videos mainly Bad Romance and Telephone 91 84 Critics took note of the video s length shock value and complicated storyline Jen Dose from National Post commented that Alejandro was another instance of Gaga s extravagance in her work 92 The story was described as complicated by some critics although Jed Gottlieb from the Boston Herald noted its lack of a happy ending 93 94 Anthony Benigno from New York Daily News felt that the shock songstress new music video is chock full of bed ridden S amp M imagery that makes it look like the softcore answer to The Matrix 1999 82 Reviewers saw references to artists Janet Jackson Madonna Laibach and The Three Stooges as well as the films Frankenstein 1931 Triumph of the Will 1935 and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs 1937 22 95 Because of the video s military theme comparisons were made to Jackson s Rhythm Nation 8 The connection to Madonna was made mainly with her film Evita 1996 and the videos for her songs Like a Prayer Human Nature Express Yourself and Vogue 8 96 91 According to Devon Thomas from CBS News Express Yourself influenced Gaga s short cropped hair and black blazer set against the stark post industrialist mood in Alejandro Thomas considered the video a visual love letter to Madonna particularly of the Blond Ambition World Tour era 97 The resemblance to Vogue was the black and white cinematography 88 Dolce amp Gabbana vest Francesco Scognamiglio pantsuit and machine gun bra c 98 Some reviewers defended Gaga James Montgomery believed comparing the two artists merely because of the black and white cinematography and Gaga s bowl haircut was unfounded T hat s sort of selling their vision short 99 Kreps thought the video s similarity to Madonna s work was because Klein had worked with her before filming Alejandro 88 Kara Warner of MTV News viewed that unlike Madonna the style of Alejandro is more cutting masculine and militant 75 Religious iconography and themes edit Alejandro created a media uproar after the release of the video because of its use of religious imagery 100 One of the most discussed scenes in the video was when Gaga wearing a nun s habit swallowed rosary beads 101 The Catholic League criticized the video for its use of religious imagery accusing Gaga of playing a Madonna copy cat 102 103 This was echoed by Monica Herrera who said Gaga s use of the rosary and nun s habit to make sexual references was reminiscent of Madonna s Like a Prayer video 8 In an interview with MTV Klein explained that this scene was Gaga s act of theophagy the desire to take in the holy He said that the religious imagery was not supposed to signify anything negative but only Gaga s battle between the darker and lighter forces as consolidated by Gaga s nun outfit Klein added that the significance behind her mouth and eyes disappearing was because she is withdrawing her senses from the world of evil and going inward towards prayer and contemplation 103 nbsp Gaga dressed as a nun in a red latex habit swallowing rosary beads The Catholic League criticized the video s religious imagery Many critics agreed that the religious imagery was a calculated move by Gaga to create controversy One of them was Simon Voxick Levinson from Entertainment Weekly Gaga wants to offend people She s a provocateur Gaga would probably be disappointed if no one was offended by her latest video She s doing that stuff for a reason He found the risks unoriginal and not as exciting as the ones in Telephone The New York Times Jon Caramanica viewed the controversy as Gaga s attempt to take the Queen of Pop title from Madonna and found the religious imagery obvious and lazy 104 Singer Katy Perry wrote in her Twitter account Using blasphemy as entertainment is as cheap as a comedian telling fart jokes HuffPost suggested this was directed at Gaga even if she was not explicitly mentioned 105 Perry responded that the tweet was not only about Gaga but more about her personal views of religion 106 Her comments were criticized as hypocritical by BBC s Fraser McAlpine who accused her of capitalizing on bi curiosity with her song I Kissed a Girl 2008 107 Critics analyzed the military look and scenes The soldiers wore German underwear from the Interwar period and black shirts and leather jackets for the authors Sally Gray and Anusha Rutnam they represented Italian fascist inflected male sartorial aesthetics 108 In the Journal of LGBT Youth Gilad Padva wrote that the military look is queered by the explicit homoerotic photography stylized choreography the revealing outfits their exposed muscles and their sensual interactions Padva wrote that the intimate interactions between the male dancers choreo graphically challenge the hegemonic heteromasculinity and machismo 80 and Gaga s dominance reverses the notorious heteronormative power relations where she becomes the penetrator rather than the penetrated 109 Literary critic Craig N Owens wrote that some scenes of Gaga and the soldiers feature misplacement of the heart and the penis For example the beginning shows a muscular young man in a helmet and black briefs he covers his crotch with a pistol Owens thought the gun symbolizes the covered penis and indicates its displacement onto the upward facing finial on the top of the helmet on his head Owens believed the ending portrays organ replacement in that the top of Gaga s suit is changed into a machine gun carrying bra He found that this alluded to the ending scene of Gaga s Bad Romance video in which she wears a pyrotechnic bra 110 Live performances edit nbsp Gaga performing Alejandro on the revamped Monster Ball Tour 2011 which included a replica of Bethesda Fountain in New York s Central Park Between 2009 and 2011 Gaga performed Alejandro on The Monster Ball Tour On the original version of the tour she wore a silver bodysuit and was then carried by her crotch by one of her male dancers and lowered onto another male dancer engaging in a threesome with them 111 T Cha Dunlevy from The Gazette said that the song followed in fast order with not quite enough to set it apart It was one choreographed dance number after the next 112 Jeremy Adams from Rolling Stone commented that the performance was one of several moments that gave parents in the audience consternation 113 Jim Harrington from The Mercury News compared Gaga s performance with that of an erotic dancer 114 On the revamped show Gaga smeared herself with fake blood during Alejandro as she took a bath in a fountain like architecture on the stage a replica of Bethesda Fountain in New York s Central Park 115 116 Katrin Horn a postdoctoral fellow in American studies wrote that while performing Alejandro Gaga approached her audiences differently She asked them to put your hands up for equal rights instead of screaming to dance or put your paws up as she usually does In this respect she declared her desire to support political causes 117 nbsp Gaga performing Alejandro on the Joanne World Tour in a mesh leather cut out bodysuit 2018 In April 2010 Gaga performed Alejandro at the MAC AIDS Fund Pan Asia Viva Glam launch in Tokyo In a performance billed as GagaKoh she wore a doily lace dress and entered the stage in a procession inspired by a Japanese wedding As the lights dimmed she sat at her piano on the rotating stage and belted out Speechless followed by the performance of Alejandro where she was picked up by one of her dancers covered in talcum powder 118 119 Gaga taped a medley of Bad Romance and Alejandro for the ninth season of American Idol in an episode aired in May 2010 120 121 122 She was dressed in a black outfit while surrounded by shirtless dancers During the chorus a statue of the Virgin Mary had flames pouring out of its top after which fog filled the stage as Gaga and her dancers performed a dance routine 123 Luchina Fisher from ABC News called it a thinly veiled performance dripping with sex and violins and Gaga doing her best Madonna impression 124 In July 2010 Gaga sang Alejandro on Today on a stage outside the studio 125 Gaga performed Alejandro at the Robin Hood Gala on May 9 2011 to benefit the Robin Hood Foundation 126 and on May 15 2011 during Radio 1 s Big Weekend in Carlisle Cumbria 127 On September 24 2011 she performed it at the first iHeartRadio Music Festival at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas 128 It was also part of the setlist to Gaga s Born This Way Ball tour 2012 2013 The performance included her lounging on a meat couch and wearing her gun bra with half naked men dancing around her 129 For her 2014 tour the ArtRave The Artpop Ball Gaga wore a green wig and leather hot pants for the performance of the song 130 In 2017 she performed Alejandro during her shows at the Coachella Festival while wearing a red crop top sweatshirt 131 The song was also part of the setlist of the Joanne World Tour 2017 2018 where she performed it in a mesh leather cut out bodysuit 132 133 134 and her Las Vegas residency show Enigma 2018 2020 135 Track listing and formats editDigital download Alejandro 4 34 The Remixes EP Alejandro Afrojack Remix 4 48 Alejandro Rusko s Papuseria Remix 3 53 Alejandro Dave Aude Remix 7 15 Alejandro Skrillex Remix 6 17 Alejandro Kim Fai Remix 7 20 Alejandro The Sound of Arrows Remix 3 57 Alejandro Bimbo Jones Remix 6 40 Alejandro Kleerup Remix 5 22 French CD single and iTunes EP Alejandro radio edit 3 58 Alejandro Dave Aude Radio Remix 3 51 Alejandro Bimbo Jones Radio Edit Remix 3 19 UK CD single 136 Alejandro 4 34 Alejandro Dave Aude Remix 7 15 UK 7 inch vinyl 136 Alejandro 4 34 Alejandro Bimbo Jones Remix 6 40 UK iTunes bundle 136 Alejandro 4 34 Alejandro music video 8 44Credits and personnel editCredits are adapted from the liner notes of The Fame Monster 1 Lady Gaga vocals songwriter co producer vocal arrangement background vocals Nadir RedOne Khayat songwriter producer vocal editing vocal arrangement background vocals audio engineering instrumentation programming recording at FC Walvisch Amsterdam Eelco Bakker audio engineering Johnny Severin vocal editing Robert Orton audio mixing at Sarm Studios London England Gene Grimaldi audio mastering at Oasis Mastering Burbank CaliforniaCharts editWeekly charts edit Weekly chart performance for Alejandro Chart 2010 2012 Peakposition Australia ARIA 60 2 Austria O3 Austria Top 40 137 2 Belgium Ultratop 50 Flanders 138 4 Belgium Ultratop 50 Wallonia 68 3 Brazil Crowley Broadcast Analysis 139 5 Canada Canadian Hot 100 59 4 Canada AC Billboard 140 2 Canada CHR Top 40 Billboard 141 4 Canada Hot AC Billboard 142 2 Croatia HRT 143 1 Czech Republic Radio Top 100 144 1 Denmark Tracklisten 145 4 Europe European Hot 100 Singles 146 2 Finland Suomen virallinen lista 147 1 France SNEP 148 3 Germany Official German Charts 149 2 Greece Digital Song Sales Billboard 150 1 Hungary Dance Top 40 151 3 Hungary Radios Top 40 152 1 Hungary Single Top 40 153 5 Ireland IRMA 154 3 Italy FIMI 155 2 Luxembourg Digital Song Sales Billboard 156 2 Mexico Top Ingles Monitor Latino 157 1 Netherlands Dutch Top 40 158 4 Netherlands Single Top 100 159 7 New Zealand Recorded Music NZ 62 11 Norway VG lista 160 3 Poland Polish Airplay Top 100 69 1 Portugal Digital Song Sales Billboard 161 1 Romania Romanian Top 100 70 1 Romania Romanian Radio Airplay 162 1 Romania Romania TV Airplay 163 1 Russia Airplay TopHit 164 1 Scotland OCC 165 8 Slovakia Radio Top 100 166 2 South Korea International Singles Gaon 167 64 Spain PROMUSICAE 168 3 Sweden Sverigetopplistan 169 3 Switzerland Schweizer Hitparade 170 3 UK Singles OCC 63 7 US Billboard Hot 100 51 5 US Adult Contemporary Billboard 171 13 US Adult Top 40 Billboard 172 13 US Dance Club Songs Billboard 54 1 US Hot Latin Songs Billboard 173 34 US Mainstream Top 40 Billboard 174 4 US Rhythmic Billboard 175 11 Venezuela Pop Rock Record Report 176 1 Monthly charts edit Monthly chart performance for Alejandro Chart 2010 Position Brazil Brasil Hot 100 Airplay 177 4 Brazil Brasil Hot Pop Songs 178 1 Year end charts edit 2010 year end chart performance for Alejandro Chart 2010 Position Australia ARIA 179 50 Austria O3 Austria Top 40 180 10 Belgium Ultratop Flanders 181 17 Belgium Ultratop Wallonia 182 15 Canada Canadian Hot 100 183 14 Croatia HRT 184 2 Denmark Tracklisten 185 19 Europe European Hot 100 Singles 186 16 France SNEP 187 31 Germany Official German Charts 188 19 Hungary Dance Top 40 189 12 Hungary Radios Top 40 190 6 Italy FIMI 191 4 Netherlands Dutch Top 40 192 19 Netherlands Single Top 100 193 21 Romania Romanian Top 100 194 2 Russia Airplay Tophit 195 4 Spain PROMUSICAE 196 8 Sweden Sverigetopplistan 197 18 Switzerland Schweizer Hitparade 198 8 UK Singles OCC 199 40 US Billboard Hot 100 200 33 US Adult Contemporary Billboard 201 30 US Adult Top 40 Billboard 202 43 US Dance Club Songs Billboard 203 21 US Mainstream Top 40 Billboard 204 25 2011 year end chart performance for Alejandro Chart 2011 Position Hungary Dance Top 40 205 91 Hungary Radios Top 40 206 93 Russia Airplay Tophit 207 92 2023 year end chart performance for Alejandro Chart 2023 Position Hungary Radios Top 40 208 71Certifications and sales editCertifications and sales for Alejandro Region Certification Certified units sales Australia ARIA 61 4 Platinum 280 000 Belgium BEA 209 Platinum 30 000 Brazil Pro Musica Brasil 210 Diamond 250 000 Denmark IFPI Danmark 211 Platinum 30 000 France SNEP 212 Gold 150 000 Germany BVMI 213 Platinum 300 000 Italy FIMI 214 2 Platinum 60 000 New Zealand RMNZ 215 Gold 7 500 Norway IFPI Norway 216 Platinum 60 000 Russia NFPF 217 Ringtone 4 Platinum 800 000 Spain PROMUSICAE 218 Platinum 40 000 Spain PROMUSICAE 219 Since 2015 Gold 30 000 Sweden GLF 220 Platinum 40 000 Switzerland IFPI Switzerland 221 Platinum 30 000 United Kingdom BPI 66 Platinum 600 000 United States RIAA 58 4 Platinum 2 630 000 55 Sales figures based on certification alone Shipments figures based on certification alone Sales streaming figures based on certification alone Release history editRelease dates and formats for Alejandro Region Date Format s Version Label Ref Belgium November 9 2009 d Digital download Original Interscope 222 France 223 Sweden 224 United States April 20 2010 Contemporary hit radiorhythmic contemporary radio 5 Europe May 10 2010 Digital download Remixes 225 Canada May 18 2010 226 United States 227 228 France June 8 2010 Radio airplay Original Universal 229 United States June 15 2010 CD Remixes Interscope 230 France June 21 2010 CDMCD Original 231 Italy June 25 2010 Radio airplay Universal 232 United Kingdom June 28 2010 7 inchCDMCD Polydor 233 Germany July 2 2010 CD Interscope 234 See also editList of Billboard Hot 100 top ten singles in 2010 List of German airplay number one songs List of number one songs of the 2010s Czech Republic List of number one singles of 2010 Finland List of number one singles of the 2010s Hungary List of number one singles of 2010 Poland List of Romanian Top 100 number ones of the 2010s List of number one dance singles of 2010 U S Notes edit Halo which she believed references Christianity and boyfriend like a dad which has potential feminist or psychoanalytic concerns 22 Attributed to multiple references 7 39 40 41 42 43 Madonna wore a cone bra in the music video for Vogue 97 Released as a promotional single References edit a b Lady Gaga 2009 The Fame Monster Booklet liner notes Interscope Records p 3 272 527 6 Linder Brian November 23 2009 Lady Gaga The Fame Monster Review IGN Archived from the original on June 13 2022 Retrieved October 16 2022 a b Lady Gaga Gaga Still Releasing Alejandro in U S Contactmusic com April 5 2010 Archived from the original on April 7 2010 Retrieved April 6 2010 a b Lady GaGa Will Release Alejandro as Next Single MTV News April 6 2010 Archived from the original on April 14 2011 Retrieved April 16 2010 a b Radio Industry News Music Industry Updates Arbitron Ratings 4 20 Mainstream FMQB Archived from the original on May 3 2010 Retrieved October 24 2010 Lady Gaga Loaded Season 1 February 15 2010 23 05 minutes in Fuse TV Alejandro is my Fear of Men Monster a b Campbell Kyle October 2 2018 Lady Gaga her top 10 songs ranked NME Archived from the original on February 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b c d Herrera Monica June 10 2010 Lady Gaga Alejandro Video Premieres Channels Vintage Madonna Billboard Archived from the original on March 10 2014 Retrieved July 9 2010 a b c d Fortier Lindsay May 1 2010 New Releases Lady Gaga Alejandro Billboard Archived from the original on September 25 2015 Retrieved May 3 2010 Music Monday Vittorio Monti s Czardas Royal Philharmonic Society Archived from the original on June 27 2018 Retrieved June 1 2018 Burns Woods amp Lafrance 2015 p 14 a b Burns Woods amp Lafrance 2015 p 22 Lady Gaga Alejandro Sheet Music Musicnotes com Sony ATV Music Publishing January 15 2010 Archived from the original on August 19 2017 Retrieved June 1 2018 a b c Cinquemani Sal November 18 2009 Lady Gaga The Fame Monster Slant Magazine Archived from the original on March 15 2010 Retrieved January 31 2010 a b Ryan 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original on August 31 2011 Retrieved September 28 2011 Norwegian single certifications Lady Gaga Alejandro in Norwegian IFPI Norway Retrieved November 19 2021 Rossijskaya industriya zvukozapisi 2011 in Russian Lenta Archived from the original on December 16 2019 Retrieved April 29 2023 Spanish single certifications in Spanish Productores de Musica de Espana Retrieved September 28 2011 Select Canciones under Categoria select2010under Ano Select42under Semana Click on BUSCAR LISTA Spanish single certifications Lady Gaga Alejandro El portal de Musica Productores de Musica de Espana Retrieved March 18 2024 Guld och Platinacertifikat Ar 2010 PDF in Swedish IFPI Sweden Archived from the original PDF on May 17 2011 Retrieved September 28 2011 The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community Awards Alejandro IFPI Switzerland Hung Medien Retrieved September 28 2011 Alejandro Belgium Digital download iTunes Store Archived from the original on June 27 2010 Retrieved May 20 2010 Alejandro France Digital download iTunes Store Archived from the original on September 22 2011 Retrieved November 15 2010 Alejandro Sweden Digital download iTunes Store Archived from the original on March 10 2010 Retrieved May 20 2010 Digital releases across Europe for Alejandro Alejandro Lady Gaga in French iTunes Store January 2010 Archived from the original on August 30 2010 Retrieved June 8 2010 Alejandro Lady GaGa iTunes Store January 2010 Archived from the original on January 13 2012 Retrieved June 8 2010 Alejandro Lady GaGa iTunes Store January 2010 Archived from the original on January 12 2012 Retrieved June 8 2010 Alejandro van Lady Gaga in Dutch iTunes Store January 2010 Archived from the original on January 13 2012 Retrieved June 8 2010 Alejandro Lady GaGa iTunes Store January 2010 Archived from the original on September 25 2011 Retrieved June 8 2010 Alejandro Lady GaGa iTunes Store January 2010 Archived from the original on January 12 2012 Retrieved June 8 2010 Alejandro Lady GaGa iTunes Store January 2010 Archived from the original on January 13 2012 Retrieved June 8 2010 Alejandro Lady GaGa in German iTunes Store January 2010 Archived from the original on January 12 2012 Retrieved June 8 2010 Alejandro The Remixes Lady Gaga iTunes Store January 2010 Archived from the original on September 15 2011 Retrieved June 8 2010 Alejandro Lady Gaga The Remixes EP Amazon Archived from the original on February 16 2015 Retrieved February 28 2021 Alejandro Lady Gaga The Remixes EP iTunes Store January 2010 Archived from the original on May 22 2010 Retrieved May 19 2010 Cadet Thierry June 8 2010 Lady GaGa le clip integral de Alejandro Pure Charts in France in French Retrieved September 11 2021 Alejandro the Remixes Single Amazon Archived from the original on June 6 2010 Retrieved September 25 2013 CD Single Release in France Archived from the original on February 13 2013 Retrieved January 12 2011 EarOne Radio Date le novita musicali della settimana in Italian EarOne Retrieved August 24 2020 Alejandro 7 Vinyl Amazon United Kingdom Archived from the original on March 15 2016 Retrieved February 28 2021 Lady Gaga German CD single release Ladygaga de July 2 2010 Archived from the original on July 1 2010 Retrieved July 9 2010 Literary sources editBurns Lori Woods Alyssa Lafrance Marc March 2015 The Genealogy of a Song Lady Gaga s Musical Intertexts on The Fame Monster 2009 Twentieth Century Music 12 1 Cambridge University Press 3 35 doi 10 1017 S1478572214000176 S2CID 194128676 Deflem Mathieu 2017 Art Pop The Styles of Lady Gaga Lady Gaga and the Sociology of Fame the Rise of a Pop Star in an Age of Celebrity Palgrave Macmillan pp 189 210 ISBN 978 1 137 58468 7 Horn Katrin 2017 Taking Pop Seriously Lady Gaga as Camp Women Camp and Popular Culture Serious Excess Palgrave Macmillan pp 193 252 ISBN 978 3 319 64845 3 Jakubowski Kelly Finkel Sebastian Stewart Lauren Mullensiefen Daniel May 2017 Dissecting an Earworm Melodic Features and Song Popularity Predict Involuntary Musical Imagery PDF Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts 11 2 American Psychological Association 122 135 doi 10 1037 aca0000090 Archived PDF from the original on October 4 2022 Retrieved October 1 2022 Iddon Martin Marshall Melanie L eds 2014 Lady Gaga and Popular Music Performing Gender Fashion and Culture Routledge Studies in Popular Music Routledge ISBN 978 1 134 07987 2 Gray Sally Rutnam Anusha 2014 Her Own Real Thing Lady Gaga and the House of Fashion Lady Gaga and Popular Music Performing Gender Fashion and Culture Routledge pp 43 66 ISBN 978 1 134 07987 2 Owens Craig N 2014 Celebrity without Organs Lady Gaga and Popular Music Performing Gender Fashion and Culture Routledge pp 94 116 ISBN 978 1 134 07987 2 Kustritz Anne 2012 MP3s rebundled debt and performative economics Deferral derivatives and digital commodity fetishism in Lady Gaga s spectacle of excess NECSUS European Journal of Media Studies 2 23 54 Amsterdam University Press 35 54 doi 10 5117 NECSUS2012 2 KUST Padva Gilad January 2 2018 Queer Nostalgia in Cinema and Pop Culture Journal of LGBT Youth 15 1 Palgrave Macmillan 173 199 doi 10 1057 9781137266347 ISBN 978 1 137 26633 0 Walden Joshua S 2014 Conclusion Sounding authentic the rural miniature and musical modernism Oxford University Press pp 203 210 ISBN 978 0 199 33467 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alejandro song amp oldid 1220713969, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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