Nielsen Holdings
Nielsen Holdings plc is an American information, data and market measurement[4] firm. Nielsen operates in over 100 countries and employs approximately 44,000 people worldwide.
| The Nielsen Company | |
| Type | subsidiary |
| NYSE: NLSN | |
| ISIN | GB00BWFY5505 |
| Industry | Media |
| Founded | August 24, 1923 |
| Founder | Arthur Nielsen |
| Headquarters | New York City, U.S. |
Key people | James Attwood (non-executive Chairman)[1] David Kenny (CEO) Warren Jenson (CFO)[2] |
| Products |
|
| Revenue | US$3.5 billion (2021)[3] |
| US$872 million (2021)[3] | |
| US$963 million (2021)[3] | |
| Total assets | US$10.8 billion (2021)[3] |
| Total equity | US$3.3 billion (2021)[3] |
Number of employees | c. 15,000 (December 2021)[3] |
| Parent | Elliott Investment Management |
| Subsidiaries | Gracenote, 4INFO, AGB Nielsen Philippines, Rhiza, Nielsen Media Research, The Demand Institute |
| Website | www |
The company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and used to be a component of the S&P 500.[4]
History Edit
Formation Edit
Nielsen was founded in 1923 by Arthur C. Nielsen, Sr., who invented an approach to measuring competitive sales results that made the concept of "market share" a practical management tool. The company was originally incorporated in the Netherlands and later was purchased on May 24, 2006, by a consortium of private equity firms.[4]
Merger and listing Edit
In January 2011, Nielsen consummated an initial public offering of common stock and, subsequently, started trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "NLSN".[4] On August 31, 2015, Nielsen N.V., a Dutch public company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, merged with Nielsen Holdings plc, by way of a cross-border merger under the European Cross-Border Merger Directive, with Nielsen Holdings plc being the surviving company.[4] The merger effectively changed the place of incorporation of Nielsen's publicly traded parent holding company from the Netherlands to England and Wales, with no changes made to the business being conducted by Nielsen prior to the merger.[4]
2022 buyout Edit
In March 2022, Nielsen announced that it had accepted a $16 billion offer from a group of private equity investors led by Elliott Investment Management subsidiary Evergreen Coast Capital Corp., and Brookfield Business Partners.[5] The Nielsen board of directors had turned down an initial $9 billion offer from the investment consortium.[5] The transaction was completed in October 2022.[6]
Company information Edit
Nielsen is a global, independent measurement and data company for fast-moving consumer goods, consumer behavior, and media. With a presence in more than 100 countries and services covering more than 90% of the globe's GDP and population, Nielsen provides clients with data about what consumers watch (programming, advertising) and what they buy (categories, brands, products) on a global and local basis and how those choices intersect.[7]
The company's operations span developing and emerging markets worldwide, in more than 100 countries. According to SEC records, on February 26, 2015, Nielsen N.V., announced that its board of directors unanimously approved a proposal that resulted in a change in the company's legal domicile, from the Netherlands to the United Kingdom.[8] Upon approval, the company became incorporated under English law and was registered as a public limited company to be named Nielsen Holdings PLC.[9]
James Attwood Jr. is Nielsen's non-executive chairman,[1] and David Kenny is Nielsen's Chief Executive Officer. James Attwood succeeded Dave Calhoun as Executive Chairman in January 2016. Prior to joining Nielsen as CEO in 2006, Dave Calhoun served as Vice Chairman of the General Electric Company and President and Chief Executive Officer of GE Infrastructure, the largest of six GE business units. He served as Nielsen CEO from 2006 to 2014, when he was succeeded by Mitch Barns.[10] Barns joined Nielsen in 1997, and has held various roles in Europe, Asia, and North America leading major parts of the business.[11]
On December 3, 2018, David Kenny was named CEO of Nielsen, succeeding Mitch Barns.[citation needed]
While the Nielsen brand is most often associated with television ratings, those TV rating services comprise approximately one-quarter of the company's business and revenues. After substantial work to simplify the company over the last several years, Nielsen today aligns its business into two reporting segments: Buy (consumer purchasing measurement and analytics) and Watch (media audience measurement and analytics).[12]
What consumers buy Edit
Nielsen's Buy segment (approx. 45% of global revenues) primarily helps packaged goods companies, retailers, and Wall Street analysts understand what consumers are buying in terms of categories, brands and products. The company's aim is to measure all consumer purchases as buying behavior continues to fragment across channels and segments.[7] For example, it is Nielsen's data that measures how much Diet Coke vs. Diet Pepsi is sold in stores, or how much Crest versus Colgate toothpaste is sold. Nielsen accomplishes this by purchasing and analyzing huge amounts of retail data that measures what is being sold in the store, and then combines it with household panel data that captures everything that is brought into the home. These measures of sales performance also fuel a range of forward-looking analytics to help clients improve the precision and efficiency of their advertising spending, maximize the impact of their promotion budgets and optimize their product assortment. They also can provide insights into how changes in product offerings, pricing or marketing would change sales. Major clients include The Coca-Cola Company, Nestlé S.A., The Procter & Gamble Company, Unilever Group, and Walmart. While the United States is the company's largest market, Nielsen is a global company. In the Buy business, it covers 106 countries representing more than 90% of the world's population.[7]
What consumers watch Edit
Nielsen's Watch segment (approx. 55% of global revenues) primarily measures what consumers are watching (and listening to) across most devices: TV, radio, computers, mobile, over-the-top, etc. The company measures consumption of programming and advertising across all distribution points. Nielsen's ratings are used by advertisers and networks to shape the buying and selling of advertising. Major clients include CBS, NBC Universal, News Corporation, and The Walt Disney Company.[13] Nielsen's Watch business measures media in 47 countries that together represent approximately 80% of global advertising spending. Nielsen's digital audience measurement capability is a rapidly growing part of this footprint.[7]
Company history Edit
Edit
Arthur C. Nielsen founded the AC Nielsen Company in August 1923[14][15] with the idea of selling engineering performance surveys. It was the first company to offer market research.[16] The company expanded its business in 1932 by creating a retail index that tracked the flow of food and drug purchases. This was the first retail measurement of its kind and for the first time allowed a company to determine its "share" of the market—the origination of the concept of "market share"[16] Arthur C. Nielsen is credited with coining this business term.
Radio and television Edit
In 1936, Arthur C. Nielsen acquired the Audimeter, which measured which radio stations a radio had been tuned to during the day. After tinkering with the device for a few years, the company created a national radio rating service in 1942.[17] The company collected information on which stations radios were tuned to in one thousand homes. Then, this survey data was sold to manufacturers who were interested in the popularity of programs and demographic information about listeners for advertising purposes. This was the birth of audience measurement that would become the most well-known part of Nielsen's business when applied to television.[17] Today, these are commonly referred to as "Nielsen ratings".
The company began measuring television audiences in 1950, at a time when the medium was just getting off the ground. Just as with radio, a sampling of homes across the U.S. was used to develop ratings. This information was collected on a device that was attached to a television that recorded what was being watched. In 1953, the company began sending out diaries to a smaller sample of homes ("Nielsen families") within the survey to have them record what they had watched.[16] This data was put together with information from the devices. This combination of data allowed the company to statistically estimate the number of Americans watching TV and the demographic breakdown of viewers.[16] This became an important tool for advertisers and networks.
In the 1980s, the company launched a new measurement device known as the "people meter". The device resembles a remote control with buttons for each individual family member and extras for guests. Viewers push a button to signify when they are in the room and push it again when they leave, even if the TV is still on. This form of measurement was intended to provide a more accurate picture of who was watching and when.[18]
In July 2008,[19] Nielsen released the first in a series of quarterly reports, detailing video and TV usage across the ‘three screens’ – Television, Internet and Mobile devices. The A2/M2 Three Screen Report also includes trends in timeshifted viewing behavior and its relationship to online video viewing, a demographic breakdown of mobile video viewers and DVR penetration.
On September 30, 2016,[20] Nielsen made its Digital Content Ratings available in full syndication for clients.
On September 9, 2016,[21] Nielsen announced that it would retire its paper TV diaries by mid-2017 and provide all electronic measurement in its local television ratings.
Private equity Edit
Nielsen was acquired by the Dun & Bradstreet Company in 1984.[22] In 1996, D&B divided the company into two separate companies: Nielsen Media Research, which was responsible for TV ratings, and AC Nielsen, which was responsible for consumer shopping trends and box-office data.[23] In 1999, Nielsen Media Research was acquired by the Dutch publishing company VNU (Verenigde Nederlandse Uitgeverijen).[24] VNU later acquired AC Nielsen and recombined the two businesses in 2001. In between, VNU sold off its newspaper properties to Wegener and its consumer magazines to Sanoma. The company's publishing arm also owned several publications including The Hollywood Reporter and Billboard magazine. VNU combined the Nielsen properties with other research and data collection units including BASES, Claritas, HCI and Spectra. VNU also acquired companies that added to its measurement capabilities.
Becoming a public company Edit
Nielsen was a private company from 2006 through 2011. On January 25, 2011, the company listed itself on the New York Stock Exchange and issued an initial public offering (IPO) that raised $1.8 billion in the largest private equity-backed U.S. IPO since 2006.[25]
Mergers, acquisitions, strategic alliances and divestitures Edit
2004 Edit
Nielsen began a joint venture called AGB Nielsen Media Research with WPP Group's AGB Group, a European competitor which provides similar services.[26]
2006 Edit
VNU acquired a majority stake in Buzzmetrics, a company which measures consumer-generated media online. Under the new ownership, Nielsen bought the remaining shares of the company in 2007.[27] In the same year, Nielsen acquired Telephia, which measures mobile media,[28] and Bilesim Medya, a Turkish advertising intelligence firm.[29] VNU was acquired by a group of six private equity firms: the American Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, Thomas H. Lee Partners, Blackstone Group, Carlyle Group and Hellman & Friedman, and Dutch equity firm AlpInvest Partners[30] for £5bn.[31] In the same year, the group hired David L. Calhoun, formerly of General Electric, as CEO.[32] He renamed VNU as The Nielsen Company in 2007. VNU sold its business publications division for €320m (£210m) to venture capital group 3i, which then sold the UK division (VNU Business Publications Ltd) to Incisive Media.[31]
2007 Edit
In June, Nielsen acquired Telephia, a provider of syndicated consumer research to the telecom and mobile media markets.[33]
2008 Edit
Nielsen acquired IAG Research which measures viewer engagement with TV commercials.[34] The same year, Nielsen made a strategic investment in NeuroFocus, a California firm applying neuroscience brainwave techniques for consumer research. The firm was later fully acquired by Nielsen in 2011[35] In 2009 and 2010, Nielsen sold its business magazines; its well-known entertainment properties went to the new company e5 Global Media.
2009 Edit
Nielsen acquired The Cambridge Group, a management consulting firm headquartered in Chicago. The firm researches latent and emerging consumer demand.
2010 Edit
In June, Nielsen paired with McKinsey & Company to create the social media consulting company NM Incite.[36][37] NM Incite had operations in 13 global markets, including: US, UK, Germany, Spain, Italy, Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, India, Brazil, Canada and Korea.[38]
2011 Edit
In August, Nielsen acquired Marketing Analytics, Inc.[citation needed]
2012 Edit
In February, Nielsen launched The Demand Institute in collaboration with The Conference Board. The Demand Institute is a non-profit, non-advocacy organization. In July, Nielsen acquired the advertising tech company Vizu. The acquisition was made so that Nielsen can better analyze the effectiveness of online advertisement.[39] In November, Nielsen acquired SocialGuide, a provider of social TV measurement, analytics and audience engagement solutions.[40] On December 17, 2012, Nielsen disclosed that it would acquire Arbitron, a company primarily involved in radio audience measurement, for $1.3 billion. The successful acquisition was completed on September 30, 2013.[41]
2013 Edit
On June 17, 2013, Nielsen announced that Onex Corp (TSX: OCX) had completed the acquisition of Nielsen Expositions for $950 million in cash consideration. Nielsen Expositions operated tradeshows in the United States. The company was renamed Emerald Expositions Inc. after the transaction.
2014 Edit
On February 3, 2014, Nielsen announced the acquisition of Harris Interactive, Inc. (NASDAQ:HPOL). This allowed Nielsen to take ownership of The Harris Poll.[42] Later on February 26, 2014, Nielsen acquired Nexium, a retail in-store execution and sales analytics company.[43] On September 18, 2014 Nielsen announced the acquisition of Indicus Analytics Pvt Ltd. On October 8, 2014, Nielsen acquired Affinnova, an international media and marketing research firm. The Affinnova team joins Nielsen's legacy BASES team to form Nielsen's Innovation Practice area.[44]
2015 Edit
On January 22, 2015, Nielsen acquires Brandbank, specialized in the process of digitally collecting, managing and distributing FMCG product and brand image content for retail syndication across in-store, print promotional and e-commerce platforms.[45] On March 4, 2015, Nielsen announced the acquisition of Exelate, a provider of data and technology to facilitate the buying and selling of advertising across programmatic platforms.[46] On May 27, 2015, Nielsen acquired Innerscope Research, which specialized in consumer neuroscience using biometrics, eye tracking and facial coding. Nielsen renamed its combined offering as Nielsen Consumer Neuroscience, and named Carl Marci as Chief Neuroscientist.[47]
2016 Edit
On March 3, 2016, Nielsen acquired Pointlogic, in marketing decision support systems.[48] On March 10, 2016, Nielsen acquired Mumbai-based mobile usage measurer Informate Mobile Intelligence for an undisclosed amount.[49] On June 21, 2016, Nielsen acquired Repucom, a sports measurement, evaluation and intelligence company based in Stamford, Connecticut.[50] On December 20, 2016,[51] Nielsen announced its agreement with Tribune Media Company to purchase Gracenote, a provider of media and entertainment metadata.
2017 Edit
On January 5, 2017,[52] The Carlyle Group acquired Claritas from Nielsen. On January 23, 2017,[53] the Stagwell Group announced that it acquired Nielsen's Harris brand and the Harris Poll through its Stagwell Media LLC. On February 1, 2017,[54] Nielsen completed its acquisition of Gracenote. On February 23, 2017, Nielsen acquired Rhiza, Inc., a Pittsburgh-based media and consumer analytics software firm.
2021 Edit
On July 8, 2021, Nielsen acquired TVTY, a TV attribution provider and ad monitoring company based in Paris, France, for an undisclosed amount.[55]
Verenigde Nederlandse Uitgeverijen Edit
Verenigde Nederlandse Uitgeverijen (VNU, literally "United Dutch Publishers", founded 1964) was a Dutch publishing company with products including European consumer magazines, Dutch regional newspapers, business publications in the European and North American markets, and educational publications.[56]
In 1997, VNU acquired the directory publishing business of ITT Sheraton (ITT World Directories) for $2.1 billion; the business was renamed VNU World Directories.[56]
VNU acquired Nielsen Media Research, part of the former AC Nielsen Company, in 1999.[57] It was the owner of the Hungarian business magazine Figyelő in the 1990s.[58]
In 2000, VNU acquired Miller Freeman, Inc. from United News & Media for a reported price of $650 million.[59] VNU merged much of the purchased Miller Freeman assets into VNU Expositions. VNU subsequently divested themselves of a few former Miller Freeman assets.[60]
VNU announced a heavy restructuring of its technology news portal, VNUNet, in February 2001. Ten employees were laid off due to the plan.[61] The company disposed of its entire magazine publishing arm later in 2001 to Sanoma for €1.25 million, and sold its newspaper properties to Wegener. Focusing instead on market research and data collection, it acquired AC Nielsen in 2001, recombining the two halves of the former Nielsen business, and added other research and data collection units including BASES, Claritas, HCI and Spectra. In 2006, the company was acquired by a consortium of six investors for €28.75 per share, a sum of €7.5 billion.[62] In the same year, the group hired David L. Calhoun, formerly of General Electric, as CEO.[63]
In 2004, VNU World Directories was sold to Apax Partners and Cinven.[64] VNU sold its business publications division in 2006 for €320m (£210m) to venture capital group 3i, which then sold the UK division (VNU Business Publications Ltd) to Incisive Media.[31]
The company was renamed The Nielsen Company in 2007.[65]
Corporate affairs and culture Edit
FIFA has signed up with Nielsen to provide official market research for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2018 FIFA World Cup.[66]
See also Edit
References Edit
- ^ a b Nielsen Board Of Directors Elects James A. Attwood, Jr. Chairman January 4, 2016
- ^ Nielsen appoints Warren Jenson as Chief Financial Officer September 10, 2023
- ^ a b c d e f "Nielsen Holdings, Inc. 2021 Annual Report (Form 10-K)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 28, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f "Nielsen 2015 Annual Report" (PDF). Nielsen Holdings PLC. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
- ^ a b Chapman, Michelle (March 29, 2022). "Media measuring company Nielsen to be acquired in $16B deal". ABC News. Associated Press. from the original on March 30, 2022. Retrieved April 17, 2022.
- ^ Lafayette, Jon (October 11, 2022). "Nielsen Completes $16 Billion Sale to Private Equity Consortium". Broadcasting & Cable. from the original on October 11, 2022. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Nielsen 2015 Annual Report". Nielsen 2015 Annual Report.
- ^ Nielsen Proposes To Move Incorporation From Netherlands To United Kingdom February 26, 2015
- ^ SEC Record February 26, 2015
- ^ Thielman, Sam (November 6, 2013). "Nielsen's Own Mitch Barns Will Succeed Outside Hire David Calhoun as CEO". AdWeek. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
- ^ Industry Veteran Mitch Barns To Be Nielsen's Next Chief Executive Officer November 6, 2013
- ^ "SEC Annual Report" (PDF).
- ^ Nielsen 10-K Report 2011, February 22, 2012
- ^ "Nielsen Company 90 Years Celebration Reception In Chicago Wednesday August 21 - And The Ordinary People Said". ChicagoNow. August 20, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- ^ "Nielsen Celebrates Chicago Roots with 90th Anniversary Party - Splash Magazines - Los Angeles". Lasplash. August 20, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- ^ a b c d Gillespie, Mary. "Nielsen makes viewers count by watching them watch TV." Chicago Sun-Times, April 9, 1989
- ^ a b Basler, Barbara. "A.C. Nielsen, Who Devised System That Rates TV Programs, Dead." The New York Times, June 4, 1980
- ^ Kaplan, Peter W. "Nielsen to Try New Audience-Survey Device." The New York Times, October 16, 1985
- ^ Stelter, Brian (July 8, 2008). "Whichever Screen, People Are Watching". The New York Times. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
- ^ "Nielsen Launches Digital Content Ratings". Nielsen.com. September 27, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
- ^ "Nielsen to Deliver All-Electronic Measurement to Local TV Markets in 2017 and Retire Paper TV Diaries in 140 Local Markets". Nielsen.com. September 14, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
- ^ . Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
- ^ Deogun, Nikhil. "VNU Nears Deal to Acquire ACNielsen." The Wall Street Journal, December 18, 2000
- ^ Pope, Kyle. "VNU to Buy Nielsen Media for $2.5 Billion — Accord to Help Dutch Firm Speed Up Its Transition To Information Concern." The Wall Street Journal, August 17, 1999
- ^ Spears, Lee (January 26, 2011). "Nielsen Holdings, Demand Media Shares Gain After IPOs". Bloomberg.
- ^ "WPP and VNU Form TV-Ratings Joint Venture". The Wall Street Journal. August 6, 2004.
- ^ Rodgers, Zachary (May 1, 2007). "Nielsen to Acquire Remaining Shares of BuzzMetrics". ClickZ.
- ^ Dickson, Glen and Eggerton, John. "Nielsen Closes on Telephia Deal". Broadcasting & Cable August 10, 2007
- ^ Plunket, Jack W. (2008). Plunkett's Advertising and Branding Industry Almanac 2008: Advertising and Branding Industry Market Research, Statistics, Trends and Leading Companies. Plunkett Research, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-59392-109-5.
- ^ Singer, Jason and Berman, Dennis K. "VNU Gets Board Approval for Sale To Group of Private-Equity Firms." The Wall Street Journal, March 8, 2006
- ^ a b c Incisive to buy VNU Business Publications, The Daily Telegraph, February 6, 2007
- ^ Siklos, Richard. "Made to Measure". Fortune, February 20, 2008
- ^ Story, Louise (June 28, 2007). "Nielsen Adds to Cellphone Tracking". The New York Times.
- ^ Elliott, Stuart. "Nielsen’s Latest Purchase is Audience Research Firm". The New York Times, April 8, 2008
- ^ Holmes, Gary (February 7, 2008). "Nielsen Makes Strategic Investment in NeuroFocus, an Innovative Leader in Neuromarketing Research". Nielsen Media Research
- ^ Kaye, Kate (June 14, 2010). "Nielsen Pairs With McKinsey for Social Media Consulting". ClickZ.
- ^ Zach Hofer-Shall "Nielsen Joins Forces With McKinsey For Social Intelligence Consulting" June 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine "Forrester Blogs" June 14, 2010
- ^ [1] August 18, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ha, Anthony. July 2, 2012. "Nielsen Acquires Vizu To Measure Online Ad Effectiveness"
- ^ Nielsen, NM Incite Acquire Socialguide November 12, 2012
- ^ "NIELSEN ACQUIRES ARBITRON". Nielsen. Retrieved September 30, 2013.
- ^ "Harris Interactive Joins Nielsen". Nielsen.com. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
- ^ Nielsen Bolsters Shopper Marketing Credentials With Acquisition Of Nexium February 26, 2014
- ^ "Nielsen Acquires Affinnova". The Nielsen Company. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
- ^ Nielsen Acquires Brandbank January 22, 2015
- ^ "Nielsen Acquires Exelate". The Nielsen Company. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
- ^ Dooley, Roger. "Nielsen Doubles Down On Neuro". Forbes. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
- ^ Nielsen Acquires Pointlogic March 3, 2016
- ^ Nielsen buys Mumbai-based mobile usage measurer Informate Mobile Intelligence March 10, 2016
- ^ Nielsen Completes Acquisition Of Repucom June 21, 2016
- ^ "Nielsen Acquires Gracenote". Nielsen.com. December 20, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
- ^ . Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
- ^ "Stagwell Media LLC To Relaunch Harris Brand, Including The Harris Poll". Prnewswire.com. March 16, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
- ^ "Nielsen Completes Acquisition of Gracenote". www.nielsen.com.
- ^ "Nielsen strengthens market leading position in TV attribution and ad intelligence with acquisition of TVTY". nielsen.com. July 8, 2021.
- ^ a b "International Directory of Company Histories", www.fundinguniverse.com, St. James Press, vol. 27, 1999
- ^ Pope, Kyle. “VNU to Buy Nielsen Media for $2.5 Billion — Accord to Help Dutch Firm Speed Up Its Transition To Information Concern.” The Wall Street Journal, August 17, 1999
- ^ Rita M. Csapo-Sweet; Ildiko Kaposi (Spring 1999). "Mass Media in Post-Communist Hungary". International Communications Bulletin. 34 (1–2). Retrieved December 27, 2014.
- ^ Staff (31 July 2000) '"VNU Acquires Miller Freeman From United News & Media" Business Publisher 15(1): p.1;
- ^ Staff (31 January 2002) "New company acquires titles from CMP Media: UP Media Group acquires PCB Group from CMP Media" Business Publisher 16(12): p. 1-2;
- ^ Vickers, Amy (February 23, 2001). "VNUNet.com cuts staff in restructure". The Guardian. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
- ^ "Historie van de Verenigde Nederlandse Uitgevers", rtl.nl (in Dutch), RTL Nederland, retrieved September 29, 2011
- ^ Siklos, Richard. “Made to Measure”, Fortune Magazine, February 20, 2008. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
- ^ Apax and Cinven set to win £1.4bn fight for VNU arm
- ^ "VNU Changing Name to The Nielsen Company", hk.nielsen.com, January 22, 2007
- ^ . FIFA. Archived from the original on October 13, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
External links Edit
- Official website (in English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, and Swedish)
- Historical business data for Nielsen Holdings plc:
- SEC filings
- Nielsen Wire - Nielsen news blog
- Nielsen 90 Year Timeline
- List of subsidiaries of The Nielsen Company B.V. — SEC