AGM-78 Standard ARM
The AGM-78 Standard ARM was an anti-radiation missile developed by General Dynamics, United States. It was built on the airframe of the RIM-66 Standard surface-to-air missile, resulting in a very large weapon with considerable range, allowing it to attack targets as much as 50 miles (80 km) away.
| AGM-78 Standard ARM | |
|---|---|
| Type | Air-to-surface anti-radiation missile |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1968–1988 |
| Wars | Vietnam War |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1967 |
| Produced | 1967–1976 |
| No. built | 3,000+ |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 620 kg (1370 lb) |
| Length | 4.57 m (15 ft) |
| Diameter | 34.3 cm (13.5 in) |
| Wingspan | 108 cm (42.5 in) |
| Warhead weight | 97 kg (215 lb) blast-fragmentation |
| Engine | Aerojet MK 27 MOD 4 dual-thrust solid-fueled rocket |
Operational range | 90 km (56 mi) |
| Maximum speed | Mach 1.8 |
Guidance system | Passive radar homing |
Launch platform | A-6B/E Intruder, F-105G Thunderchief, F-4G Phantom II |
Overview edit
Originally developed for the US Navy during the late 1960s, the AGM-78 was created in large part because of the limitations of the AGM-45 Shrike, which suffered from a small warhead, limited range and a poor guidance system. General Dynamics was asked to create an air-launched ARM by modifying the RIM-66 SM-1 surface-to-air missile. This use of an "off the shelf" design greatly reduced development costs, and trials of the new weapon began in 1967 after only a year of development. The first operational missiles were issued in early 1968.
The AGM-78 was nicknamed the "Starm", an abbreviation of Standard ARM.[citation needed] The first version of the missile, the A1 Mod 0, was little more than an air-launched RIM-66 with the Shrike's anti radar seeker head attached to the front. An Aerojet Mark 27 MOD 4 dual-thrust solid-rocket-powered the missile, which was fitted with a blast-fragmentation warhead. Although more capable, the AGM-78 was much more expensive than the AGM-45 Shrike which continued in service for some time. The new missile was carried by the F-105F/G and the A-6B/E.
Variants edit
An inert training version of the AGM-78A was built as ATM-78A. Of equal size, mass and shape, the missile lacked a seeker head, warhead, or propulsion systems and was essentially just a dead weight.
An A2 model introduced a bomb damage assessment (BDA) capability and an SDU-6/B phosphorus target marker flare to facilitate targeting of the site for follow-up attacks.
In 1969 an improved model called the AGM-78B was produced. This featured a broadband seeker which allowed the missile to be used against a much wider variety of targets without having to select the seeker before the mission. A simple memory circuit was also included, allowing the missile to attack a target once it locked on, even if the radar was shut down. Previous ARMs would veer off course and miss when they lost a target, and as a result flipping the radar on and off had become a standard tactic for missile batteries.
Some early AGM-78A1s were updated with the new memory circuit and seeker. These missiles were designated as the AGM-78A4. The AGM-78B was the most important version of the missile, and was widely used by the Air Force's F-4G Phantom II Wild Weasel aircraft.
A training version of the AGM-78B was created, and was known as the ATM-78B.
In the early 1970s the AGM-78C was produced. A US Air Force project, the C model was primarily intended to be more reliable and cheaper to build. It had a SDU-29/B white phosphorus target marker. Some older missiles were upgraded to the AGM-78C standard. As before, an ATM-78C training missile was produced.
Between 1973 and 1976 the AGM-78D was produced, introducing a new motor. A follow-up missile, the AGM-78D2, had an active optical fuze, still greater reliability, and a new 100 kg (220 lb) blast-fragmentation warhead. The ATM-78D training missile followed.
The RGM-66D shipborne anti-radiation missile used the basic AGM-78 airframe along with features of the RIM-66 and AIM-97 Seekbat air-to-air missile.
Including all versions, over 3,000 AGM-78 missiles were built. Production stopped in the late 1970s, but the missile continued in service for almost a decade before the last examples were replaced by the AGM-88 HARM in the late 1980s.
Operators edit
External links edit
- Designation-systems.net