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KSR-2

February 06, 2023

For the Korean sounding rocket, see KSR-2 (sounding rocket).

The Raduga KSR-2 (NATO reporting name: AS-5 "Kelt") was a Soviet cruise missile developed to replace the KS-1 Komet (NATO: AS-1 "Kennel"). It was developed in 1958 and entered service in 1962. The missile was normally armed with a conventional high-explosive warhead, although it could be fitted with a one-megaton nuclear warhead.

KSR-2
TypeCruise missile
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1962 to 1990 (approx)
Used bySoviet Union, Egypt, Iraq[1]
WarsYom Kippur War, Iran–Iraq War[1]
Production history
Designed1958
ManufacturerMKB Raduga
No. built1,000 +
VariantsKSR-11 anti-radiation missile
KRM-2 (MV-1) target drone
Specifications (KSR-2)
Mass4,077 kg
Length8.647 m
Width4.522 m (wingspan)
Diameter1.0 m
WarheadHigh-explosive or nuclear
Warhead weight1000 kg
Blast yield1 Megaton (nuclear)
EngineS2.721V two mode rocket motor
1,200 kgp / 700 gbp
Operational
range
200 km
Maximum speed 1,250 km/h
Guidance
system
Inertial guidance followed by terminal active radar homing

Development

Flight testing of the missile as part of the K-16 weapon system in 1958, with two missiles being carried on BD-352 pylons under the wings of a modified Tu-16 bomber designated as Tu-16KSR-2. The bomber was fitted with a newly developed Roobin-1K (Ruby) search and target illumination radar which has a maximum range of approximately 200 kilometers. During the tests, missiles were fired at ships and ground targets.

Description

The missile itself, like the earlier KS-1, is extremely large, nearly nine meters in length with a wingspan of approximately four and a half meters and weighing 4,000 kilograms. It has swept wings with two wing fences on each wing.

The K-16 system was accepted into Soviet Navy service in 1962. Egypt purchased a number of the K-16 systems. An updated version of the missile entered service in 1967 designated the KSR-2M. It borrowed some features from the KSR-5 missile (NATO:AS-6 "Kingfish") including a new Isayev S5.6.0000 rocket motor. This allowed the new missile to be launched from altitudes as low as 500 meters rather than the previous 1,500 meters.

The missile was prepared for launch by the navigator; the degree of automation provided by the Roobin-1K eliminated the need for a separate radar operator. For propulsion it used a liquid-fueled twin-chamber rocket motor that delivered 1,200 kgf (12 kN; 2,600 lbf) in boost mode and 700 kgf (6.9 kN; 1,500 lbf) in cruise mode. The fuel consisted of the TG-02 (sometimes TT-S2) fuel and AK-20F oxidizer which were toxic and highly corrosive, which made ground handling of the missile difficult.

Once the launching aircraft's radar has locked onto a target, the missile can be launched. The rocket motor fires immediately after release in boost mode, accelerating the missile to its cruise speed. Once the missile turns on an approach course to the target, the motor switches to cruise mode, shutting down one of its chambers. The missile's autopilot then flies a course using inertial guidance toward the target. In anti-shipping mode the missile engages its J-band active radar in the final approach to the target.

Variants

An anti-radar variant of the missile designated KSR-11 was also produced, being externally almost identical to the KSR-2. The KSR-11 was intended to home in on and destroy air-defence radar and ECM facilities. The missile used a 2PRG-11 passive radar seeker.

A target drone version of the missile designated KRM-2 (MV-1) also entered service in 1966, with a different rocket motor, a range of 376 kilometers and a level flight endurance of 433 seconds.

Combat history

Egyptian Tu-16 bombers reportedly launched 13 KSR-2 and 12 KSR-11 missiles during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. One of the Kelt missiles launched at Tel Aviv from Tu-16 was shot down by an IAF jet.[2][3]

Operators

 
Map with former KSR-2 operators in red

Former operators

  Egypt
  Iraq
  Soviet Union

Notes

  1. ^ a b Tucker, Spencer C. (8 October 2010). The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts [5 volumes]: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781851099481. Retrieved 23 January 2019 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ "בעיצומו של יום הכיפורים הודיע דובר צה"ל: "סמוך לשעה 14:00, פתחו כוחות מצרים וסוריה". Israeli Air Force Journal. Israeli Air Force. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
  3. ^ "5 שבועות לאחר התרסקות מטוסו: נפטר הטייס שהפיל ביום כיפור טיל מול שמי ת"א". Ynet (in Hebrew). 13 February 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2017.

References

  • Gordon, Yefim (2004). Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two. Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing. ISBN 1-85780-188-1.
  • Healey, John K. (January–February 2004). "Retired Warriors: 'Cold War' Bomber Legacy". Air Enthusiast. No. 109. pp. 75–79. ISSN 0143-5450.
  • Duncan Lennox. Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems, Issue 44.
  • Michael J.H. Taylor. Missiles of the World.

February 06, 2023
korean, sounding, rocket, sounding, rocket, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, december, 2014, learn, when, remov. For the Korean sounding rocket see KSR 2 sounding rocket This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations December 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Raduga KSR 2 NATO reporting name AS 5 Kelt was a Soviet cruise missile developed to replace the KS 1 Komet NATO AS 1 Kennel It was developed in 1958 and entered service in 1962 The missile was normally armed with a conventional high explosive warhead although it could be fitted with a one megaton nuclear warhead KSR 2TypeCruise missilePlace of originSoviet UnionService historyIn service1962 to 1990 approx Used bySoviet Union Egypt Iraq 1 WarsYom Kippur War Iran Iraq War 1 Production historyDesigned1958ManufacturerMKB RadugaNo built1 000 VariantsKSR 11 anti radiation missileKRM 2 MV 1 target droneSpecifications KSR 2 Mass4 077 kgLength8 647 mWidth4 522 m wingspan Diameter1 0 mWarheadHigh explosive or nuclearWarhead weight1000 kgBlast yield1 Megaton nuclear EngineS2 721V two mode rocket motor1 200 kgp 700 gbpOperationalrange200 kmMaximum speed1 250 km hGuidancesystemInertial guidance followed by terminal active radar homing Contents 1 Development 2 Description 3 Variants 4 Combat history 5 Operators 5 1 Former operators 6 Notes 7 ReferencesDevelopment EditFlight testing of the missile as part of the K 16 weapon system in 1958 with two missiles being carried on BD 352 pylons under the wings of a modified Tu 16 bomber designated as Tu 16KSR 2 The bomber was fitted with a newly developed Roobin 1K Ruby search and target illumination radar which has a maximum range of approximately 200 kilometers During the tests missiles were fired at ships and ground targets Description EditThe missile itself like the earlier KS 1 is extremely large nearly nine meters in length with a wingspan of approximately four and a half meters and weighing 4 000 kilograms It has swept wings with two wing fences on each wing The K 16 system was accepted into Soviet Navy service in 1962 Egypt purchased a number of the K 16 systems An updated version of the missile entered service in 1967 designated the KSR 2M It borrowed some features from the KSR 5 missile NATO AS 6 Kingfish including a new Isayev S5 6 0000 rocket motor This allowed the new missile to be launched from altitudes as low as 500 meters rather than the previous 1 500 meters The missile was prepared for launch by the navigator the degree of automation provided by the Roobin 1K eliminated the need for a separate radar operator For propulsion it used a liquid fueled twin chamber rocket motor that delivered 1 200 kgf 12 kN 2 600 lbf in boost mode and 700 kgf 6 9 kN 1 500 lbf in cruise mode The fuel consisted of the TG 02 sometimes TT S2 fuel and AK 20F oxidizer which were toxic and highly corrosive which made ground handling of the missile difficult Once the launching aircraft s radar has locked onto a target the missile can be launched The rocket motor fires immediately after release in boost mode accelerating the missile to its cruise speed Once the missile turns on an approach course to the target the motor switches to cruise mode shutting down one of its chambers The missile s autopilot then flies a course using inertial guidance toward the target In anti shipping mode the missile engages its J band active radar in the final approach to the target Variants EditAn anti radar variant of the missile designated KSR 11 was also produced being externally almost identical to the KSR 2 The KSR 11 was intended to home in on and destroy air defence radar and ECM facilities The missile used a 2PRG 11 passive radar seeker A target drone version of the missile designated KRM 2 MV 1 also entered service in 1966 with a different rocket motor a range of 376 kilometers and a level flight endurance of 433 seconds Combat history EditEgyptian Tu 16 bombers reportedly launched 13 KSR 2 and 12 KSR 11 missiles during the 1973 Yom Kippur War One of the Kelt missiles launched at Tel Aviv from Tu 16 was shot down by an IAF jet 2 3 Operators Edit Map with former KSR 2 operators in red Former operators Edit Egypt Iraq Soviet UnionNotes Edit a b Tucker Spencer C 8 October 2010 The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars The United States in the Persian Gulf Afghanistan and Iraq Conflicts 5 volumes The United States in the Persian Gulf Afghanistan and Iraq Conflicts ABC CLIO ISBN 9781851099481 Retrieved 23 January 2019 via Google Books בעיצומו של יום הכיפורים הודיע דובר צה ל סמוך לשעה 14 00 פתחו כוחות מצרים וסוריה Israeli Air Force Journal Israeli Air Force Retrieved 13 February 2017 5 שבועות לאחר התרסקות מטוסו נפטר הטייס שהפיל ביום כיפור טיל מול שמי ת א Ynet in Hebrew 13 February 2017 Retrieved 13 February 2017 References EditGordon Yefim 2004 Soviet Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two Hinckley England Midland Publishing ISBN 1 85780 188 1 Healey John K January February 2004 Retired Warriors Cold War Bomber Legacy Air Enthusiast No 109 pp 75 79 ISSN 0143 5450 Duncan Lennox Jane s Strategic Weapon Systems Issue 44 Michael J H Taylor Missiles of the World Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title KSR 2 amp oldid 1041211142, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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