70th Academy Awards

The 70th Academy Awards ceremony, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), took place on March 23, 1998, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST. During the show, AMPAS presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 24 categories honoring films released in 1997. The ceremony, which was televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz.^[2][3] Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the sixth time.^[4] He had first hosted the 62nd ceremony held in 1990, and most recently the previous year's awards.^[5] Nearly a month earlier in an event held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California on February 28, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Ashley Judd.^[6]

70th Academy Awards
Official poster
Date	March 23, 1998
Site	Shrine Auditorium Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Hosted by	Billy Crystal
Produced by	Gil Cates
Directed by	Louis J. Horvitz
Highlights
Best Picture	Titanic
Most awards	Titanic (11)
Most nominations	Titanic (14)
TV in the United States
Network	ABC
Duration	3 hours, 47 minutes^[1]
Ratings	57.25 million 35.32% (Nielsen ratings)
← 69th Academy Awards 71st →

Titanic won eleven awards, including Best Picture, a number that is tied with Ben-Hur and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.^[7][8] Other winners included As Good as It Gets, Good Will Hunting, and L.A. Confidential with two awards, and Character, The Full Monty, Geri's Game, The Long Way Home, Men in Black, A Story of Healing, and Visas and Virtue with one. The telecast garnered more than 57 million viewers in the United States, making it the most watched Oscars broadcast in history.^[9]

Winners and nominees

The nominees for the 70th Academy Awards were announced on February 10, 1998, at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Robert Rehme, president of the academy, and actress Geena Davis.^[10] Titanic received the most nominations with a record-tying fourteen (1950's All About Eve, and later 2016's La La Land, also achieved this distinction); Good Will Hunting and L.A. Confidential came in second with nine apiece.^[11][12]

The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 23, 1998. With eleven awards, Titanic tied with Ben-Hur for the most Academy Awards in Oscar history.^[13] It also became the first film to win Best Picture without a screenwriting nomination since 1965's The Sound of Music.^[14] Jack Nicholson became the fourth performer to win at least three acting Oscars.^[15] Both Nicholson and Helen Hunt won for their roles in As Good as It Gets, making it the seventh film to win both lead acting awards.^[16] Nominated for their performances as Rose DeWitt Bukater in Titanic, Best Actress nominee Kate Winslet and Best Supporting Actress nominee Gloria Stuart became the first pair of actresses nominated for portraying the same character in the same film.^[17][18] At age 87, Stuart also became the oldest performer nominated for a competitive Oscar.^[19]

Awards

 

Jon Landau, Best Picture co-winner

 

James Cameron, Best Director winner and Best Picture/Film Editor co-winner

 

Jack Nicholson, Best Actor winner

 

Helen Hunt, Best Actress winner

 

Robin Williams, Best Supporting Actor winner

 

Kim Basinger, Best Supporting Actress winner

 

Matt Damon, Best Original Screenplay co-winner

 

Ben Affleck, Best Original Screenplay co-winner

 

Curtis Hanson, Best Adapted Screenplay co-winner

 

James Horner, Best Original Dramatic Score winner and Best Original Song co-winner

 

Jan Pinkava, Best Animated Short Film winner

 

Rick Baker, Best Makeup co-winner

Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ( ).^[20]

Best Picture Titanic – James Cameron and Jon Landau, producers  As Good as It Gets – James L. Brooks, Bridgit Johnson, and Kristi Zea, producers The Full Monty – Uberto Pasolini, producer Good Will Hunting – Lawrence Bender, producer L.A. Confidential – Arnon Milchan, Curtis Hanson and Michael Nathanson, producers	Best Directing James Cameron – Titanic  Peter Cattaneo – The Full Monty Gus Van Sant – Good Will Hunting Curtis Hanson – L.A. Confidential Atom Egoyan – The Sweet Hereafter
Best Leading Actor Jack Nicholson – As Good as It Gets as Melvin Udall  Matt Damon – Good Will Hunting as Will Hunting Robert Duvall – The Apostle as Euliss "Sonny" Dewey, a.k.a. "The Apostle E.F." Peter Fonda – Ulee's Gold as Ulysses "Ulee" Jackson Dustin Hoffman – Wag the Dog as Stanley Motss	Best Leading Actress Helen Hunt – As Good as It Gets as Carol Connelly  Helena Bonham Carter – The Wings of the Dove as Kate Croy Julie Christie – Afterglow as Phyllis Mann Judi Dench – Mrs Brown as Queen Victoria Kate Winslet – Titanic as Rose DeWitt Bukater
Best Supporting Actor Robin Williams – Good Will Hunting as Dr. Sean Maguire  Robert Forster – Jackie Brown as Max Cherry Anthony Hopkins – Amistad as John Quincy Adams Greg Kinnear – As Good as It Gets as Simon Bishop Burt Reynolds – Boogie Nights as Jack Horner	Best Supporting Actress Kim Basinger – L.A. Confidential as Lynn Bracken  Joan Cusack – In & Out as Emily Montgomery Minnie Driver – Good Will Hunting as Skylar Satenstein Julianne Moore – Boogie Nights as Amber Waves/Maggie Gloria Stuart – Titanic as Rose Dawson Calvert
Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen Good Will Hunting – Matt Damon and Ben Affleck  As Good as It Gets – Mark Andrus and James L. Brooks Boogie Nights – Paul Thomas Anderson Deconstructing Harry – Woody Allen The Full Monty – Simon Beaufoy	Best Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published L.A. Confidential – Brian Helgeland and Curtis Hanson from the novel by James Ellroy  Donnie Brasco – Paul Attanasio based on the book Donnie Brasco: My Undercover Life in the Mafia by Joseph D. Pistone with Richard Woodley The Sweet Hereafter – Atom Egoyan adapted from the novel by Russell Banks Wag the Dog – David Mamet and Hilary Henkin from the novel American Hero by Larry Beinhart The Wings of the Dove – Hossein Amini adapted from the novel by Henry James
Best Foreign Language Film Karakter (Netherlands) in Dutch – Mike van Diem  Beyond Silence (Germany) in German – Caroline Link Four Days in September (Brazil) in Portuguese – Bruno Barreto Secrets of the Heart (Spain) in Spanish – Montxo Armendáriz The Thief (Russia) in Russian – Pavel Chukhray	Best Documentary Feature The Long Way Home – Rabbi Marvin Hier and Richard Trank  4 Little Girls – Spike Lee and Sam Pollard Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life – Michael Paxton Colors Straight Up – Michèle Ohayon and Julia Schachter Waco: The Rules of Engagement – Dan Gifford and William Gazecki
Best Documentary Short Subject A Story of Healing – Donna Dewey and Carol Pasternak  Alaska: Spirit of the Wild – George Casey and Paul Novros Amazon – Kieth Merrill and Jonathan Stern Family Video Diaries: Daughter of the Bride – Terri Randall Still Kicking: The Fabulous Palm Springs Follies – Mel Damski and Andrea Blaugrund	Best Live Action Short Film Visas and Virtue – Chris Tashima and Chris Donahue  Dance Lexie Dance – Tim Loane It's Good to Talk – Roger Goldby and Barney Reisz Sweethearts? – Birger Larsen and Thomas Lydholm Wolfgang – Anders Thomas Jensen and Kim Magnusson
Best Animated Short Film Geri's Game – Jan Pinkava  Famous Fred – Joanna Quinn The Old Lady and the Pigeons – Sylvain Chomet Redux Riding Hood – Steve Moore and Dan O'Shannon Rusalka – Alexander Petrov	Best Original Dramatic Score Titanic – James Horner  Amistad – John Williams Good Will Hunting – Danny Elfman Kundun – Philip Glass L.A. Confidential – Jerry Goldsmith
Best Original Musical or Comedy Score The Full Monty – Anne Dudley  Anastasia – Music by Stephen Flaherty; Lyrics by Lynn Ahrens; Orchestral score by David Newman As Good as It Gets – Hans Zimmer Men in Black – Danny Elfman My Best Friend's Wedding – James Newton Howard	Best Original Song "My Heart Will Go On" from Titanic – Music by James Horner; Lyrics by Will Jennings  "Go the Distance" from Hercules – Music by Alan Menken; Lyrics by David Zippel "Journey to the Past" from Anastasia – Music by Stephen Flaherty; Lyrics by Lynn Ahrens "How Do I Live" from Con Air – Music and Lyrics by Diane Warren "Miss Misery" from Good Will Hunting – Music and Lyrics by Elliott Smith
Best Sound Effects Editing Titanic – Tom Bellfort and Christopher Boyes  Face/Off – Mark Stoeckinger and Per Hallberg The Fifth Element – Mark Mangini	Best Sound Titanic – Gary Rydstrom, Tom Johnson, Gary Summers and Mark Ulano  Air Force One – Paul Massey, Rick Kline, Doug Hemphill and Keith A. Wester Con Air – Kevin O'Connell, Greg P. Russell and Art Rochester Contact – Randy Thom, Tom Johnson, Dennis S. Sands and William B. Kaplan L.A. Confidential – Andy Nelson, Anna Behlmer and Kirk Francis
Best Art Direction Titanic – Art Direction: Peter Lamont; Set Decoration: Michael D. Ford  Gattaca – Art Direction: Jan Roelfs; Set Decoration: Nancy Nye Kundun – Art Direction: Dante Ferretti; Set Decoration: Francesca Lo Schiavo L.A. Confidential – Art Direction: Jeannine Oppewall; Set Decoration: Jay Hart Men in Black – Art Direction: Bo Welch; Set Decoration: Cheryl Carasik	Best Cinematography Titanic – Russell Carpenter  Amistad – Janusz Kamiński Kundun – Roger Deakins L.A. Confidential – Dante Spinotti The Wings of the Dove – Eduardo Serra
Best Makeup Men in Black – Rick Baker and David LeRoy Anderson  Mrs Brown – Lisa Westcott, Veronica Brebner and Beverley Binda Titanic – Tina Earnshaw, Greg Cannom and Simon Thompson	Best Costume Design Titanic – Deborah Lynn Scott  Amistad – Ruth E. Carter Kundun – Dante Ferretti Oscar and Lucinda – Janet Patterson The Wings of the Dove – Sandy Powell
Best Film Editing Titanic – Conrad Buff, James Cameron and Richard A. Harris  Air Force One – Richard Francis-Bruce As Good as It Gets – Richard Marks Good Will Hunting – Pietro Scalia L.A. Confidential – Peter Honess	Best Visual Effects Titanic – Robert Legato, Mark Lasoff, Thomas L. Fisher and Michael Kanfer  The Lost World: Jurassic Park – Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Randal M. Dutra and Michael Lantieri Starship Troopers – Phil Tippett, Scott E. Anderson, Alec Gillis and John Richardson

Academy Honorary Award

• Stanley Donen^[21]

Films with multiple nominations and awards

The following 16 films received multiple nominations: Nominations Film 14 Titanic 9 Good Will Hunting L.A. Confidential 7 As Good as It Gets 4 Amistad The Full Monty Kundun The Wings of the Dove 3 Boogie Nights Men in Black 2 Air Force One Anastasia Con Air Mrs Brown The Sweet Hereafter Wag the Dog

The following four films received multiple awards: Awards Film 11 Titanic 2 As Good as It Gets Good Will Hunting L.A. Confidential

Presenters and performers

The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers.^[22][23]

Presenters

Name(s)	Role
Norman Rose	Announcer for the 70th annual Academy Awards
Robert Rehme (AMPAS President)	Gave opening remarks welcoming guests to the awards ceremony
Cuba Gooding Jr.	Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actress
Elisabeth Shue	Presenter of the award for Best Costume Design
Dustin Hoffman	Presenter of the 70 years of Best Picture winners montage
Neve Campbell	Presenter of the performances of Best Original Song nominees "Journey to the Past" and "Go the Distance"
Arnold Schwarzenegger	Presenter of the film Titanic on the Best Picture segment
Mira Sorvino	Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actor
Cameron Diaz	Presenter of the award for Best Sound
Mike Myers	Presenter of the award for Sound Effects Editing
Sigourney Weaver	Presenter of the film As Good as It Gets on the Best Picture segment
Helen Hunt	Presenter of the award for Best Visual Effects
Fay Wray	Introducer of presenters Ben Affleck and Matt Damon
Ben Affleck Matt Damon	Presenters of the awards for Best Live Action Short Film and Best Animated Short Film
Geoffrey Rush	Presenter of the award for Best Actress
Antonio Banderas	Presenter of the award for Best Original Dramatic Score
Jennifer Lopez	Introducer of the special dance number to the tune of the nominees for Best Original Musical or Comedy Score and presenter of the award for Best Original Musical or Comedy Score
Drew Barrymore	Presenter of the award for Best Makeup
Alec Baldwin	Presenter of the film L.A. Confidential on the Best Picture segment
Samuel L. Jackson	Presenter of the award for Best Film Editing
Ashley Judd	Presenter of the segment of the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement and the Gordon E. Sawyer Award
Martin Scorsese	Presenter of the Honorary Academy Award to Stanley Donen
Matt Dillon	Presenter of the film Good Will Hunting on the Best Picture segment
Madonna	Introducer of the performances of Best Original Song nominees "How Do I Live", "Miss Misery" and "My Heart Will Go On" and presenter of the award for Best Original Song
Djimon Hounsou	Presenter of the Best Documentary Short
Robert De Niro	Presenter of the Best Documentary Feature
Whoopi Goldberg	Presenter of the In Memoriam tribute
Meg Ryan	Presenter of the award for Best Art Direction
Robin Williams	Presenter of the 70 Years of Oscars montage
Frances McDormand	Presenter of the award for Best Actor
Sharon Stone	Presenter of the award for Best Foreign Language Film
Jack Lemmon Walter Matthau	Presenters of the awards for Best Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published and Best Original Screenplay/Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen
Denzel Washington	Presenter of the award for Best Cinematography
Susan Sarandon	Presenter of the Oscar Family Album segment
Geena Davis	Presenter of the film The Full Monty on the Best Picture segment
Warren Beatty	Presenter of the award for Best Director
Sean Connery	Presenter of the award for Best Picture

Performers

Name(s)	Role	Performed
Jerry Goldsmith	Composer	"Fanfare for Oscar"
Bill Conti	Musical arranger	Orchestral
Billy Crystal	Performer	Opening number: Titanic (to the tune of "The Ballad of Gilligan's Isle" from Gilligan's Island), As Good as It Gets (to the tune of "Let's Call the Whole Thing Off" from Shall We Dance), Good Will Hunting (to the tune of "Night and Day" from The Gay Divorcee), L.A. Confidential (to the tune of "Fascinating Rhythm" by George Gershwin) and The Full Monty (to the tune "Hello, Dolly!" from Hello, Dolly!)^[24]
Michael Bolton	Performer	"Go the Distance" from Hercules
Aaliyah	Performer	"Journey to the Past" from Anastasia
Trisha Yearwood	Performer	"How Do I Live" from Con Air
Elliott Smith	Performer	"Miss Misery" from Good Will Hunting
Celine Dion	Performer	"My Heart Will Go On" from Titanic

Ceremony information

 

Billy Crystal hosted the 70th Academy Awards.

In December 1997, the academy hired veteran Oscar telecast producer Gil Cates to oversee the 1998 ceremony.^[25] "Gil has become the consummate Oscar show producer, consistently garnering top television ratings for the telecast," said AMPAS President Robert Rehme in a press release announcing the selection. "His shows are full of wit, charm and surprise."^[25] A few days later, actor and comedian Billy Crystal was chosen to emcee the upcoming telecast. Cates explained his reason to bring back the veteran comedian saying, "Billy's performance last year was spectacular. There is nobody like him."^[26] In an article published in USA Today he initially requested to Cates and AMPAS five months after the previous year's ceremony that he would like to take a break from hosting duties. However, pressure from the academy, Cates, and several friends and family members made him reconsider his decision.^[27] His sixth stint would make him second only to Bob Hope in number of ceremonies hosted.^[28]

To commemorate the seventieth anniversary of the Academy Awards, 70 actors who have received both competitive and honorary awards appeared seated onstage together during a segment called Oscar's Family Album.^[29] Each former winner was acknowledged by announcer Norman Rose with the films he or she won for. At the end of the segment newly minted winners Kim Bassinger, Helen Hunt, and Robin Williams joined them. This marked the largest gathering of former winners since the 50th ceremony held in 1978.^[30]

Several others participated in the production of the ceremony. Bill Conti served as musical director for the telecast.^[31] Dancer Daniel Ezralow choreographed a dance number showcasing the nominees for Best Original Comedy or Musical Score.^[32] Bart the Bear made a surprise appearance during the presentation of the Best Sound Effects Editing award with Mike Myers.^[33]

Box office performance of nominees

At the time of the nominations announcement on February 10, the combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees was $579 million with an average of $116 million per film.^[34] Titanic was the highest earner among the Best Picture nominees with $338.7 million in domestic box office receipts.^[34] The film was followed by As Good as It Gets ($92.6 million), Good Will Hunting ($68.9 million), L.A. Confidential ($39.7 million), and finally The Full Monty ($38.7 million).^[34]

Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 40 nominations went to 15 films on the list. Only Titanic (1st), As Good as It Gets (16th), Good Will Hunting (20th), and In & Out (24th) were nominated for directing, acting, screenwriting, or Best Picture.^[35] The other top 50 box office hits that earned nominations were Men in Black (2nd), The Lost World: Jurassic Park (3rd), Air Force One (5th), My Best Friends Wedding (7th), Face/Off (9th), Con Air (12th), Contact (13th), Hercules (14th), The Fifth Element (25th), Anastasia (30th), and Starship Troopers (34th).^[35]

Critical response

The show received a positive reception from most media publications. Television critic Howard Rosenberg of the Los Angeles Times lauded Crystal's performance writing that he "would earn top billing as that unusual comedian as artful at doing musical comedy as jokes."^[36] San Francisco Chronicle columnist John Carman raved,"It was the best Oscar show in two decades." He also gave high marks for the host, commenting, "But last night, Crystal was back in razor form."^[37] The Seattle Times television editor Kay McFadden praised Crystal commenting that "he possesses nearly impeccable timing and judgment." In addition, she noted that while the ceremony dragged on, "Last night was one of television's smartest live ceremonies in recent memory."^[38]

Some media outlets were more critical of the show. Ray Richmond of Variety complained that the ceremony proved to be a "Yawner of an Oscarcast." He added that Crystal's "off-the-cuff one-liners sank faster than the great ship herself."^[39] Boston Globe television critic Matthew Gilbert bemoaned,"There was hardly a spontaneous moment during last night's Oscarcast."^[40] Film critic Carrie Rickey from The Philadelphia Inquirer lamented that the inevitable Titanic sweep "sank a telecast loaded with montages of previous years' Oscar highlights."^[41]

Ratings and reception

The popularity of Titanic greatly increased television ratings for the ceremony.^[42] The American telecast on ABC drew in an average of 57.25 million people over its length, which was a 29% increase from the previous year's ceremony.^[43] An estimated 87.50 million total viewers watched all or part of the awards.^[44] The show also earned higher Nielsen ratings compared to the previous ceremony with 35.32% of households watching over a 55.77 share.^[45] In addition, it garnered a higher 18–49 demo rating with a 24.90 rating over a 44.30 share among viewers in that demographic.^[45] It overtook the network's own telecast of the 1983 Academy Awards to become, as it remains to date, the highest viewership for both an Academy Award telecast (since figures were compiled beginning with the 46th ceremony in 1974) and any live awards show airing in U.S. television history.^[46][42]

In July 1998, the ceremony presentation received eight nominations at the 50th Primetime Emmys.^[47] Two months later, the ceremony won five of those nominations for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program (Billy Crystal), Outstanding Directing for a Variety or Music Program (Louis J Horvitz), Outstanding Lighting Direction (Electronic) for a Drama Series, Variety Series, Miniseries, or Movie (Bob Barnhart, Robert Dickinson, Matt Ford, Andy O'Reilly), Outstanding Music Direction (Bill Conti), and Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Variety Series or Special (Patrick Baltzell, Robert Douglass, Edward J. Greene, Tommy Vicari).^[48][49]

In Memoriam

The annual In Memoriam tribute was presented by actress Whoopi Goldberg. The montage featured an excerpt of "Appassionata" from The Passage composed by Michael J. Lewis.^[50]

• Lloyd Bridges - Actor
• Richard Jaeckel - Character actor
• Saul Chaplin – Composer/Musical Director
• Stanley Cortez – Cinematographer
• William Hickey - Actor
• Paul Jarrico – Screenwriter
• Dorothy Kingsley – Screenwriter
• Sydney Guilaroff – Hairstylist
• William H. Reynolds – Editor
• Billie Dove - Actress
• Jacques Cousteau – Filmmaker
• Stubby Kaye - Actor, comedian
• Red Skelton - Comedy entertainer
• Dawn Steel – Executive
• Toshiro Mifune - Japanese actor
• Brian Keith - Actor
• Chris Farley - Actor, comedian
• Leo Jaffe – Executive
• Samuel Fuller – Director
• Burgess Meredith - Actor
• J. T. Walsh - Character actor
• Robert Mitchum - Actor
• James Stewart - Actor

See also

•  Film portal
•  Los Angeles portal

• 4th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• 18th Golden Raspberry Awards
• 40th Grammy Awards
• 51st British Academy Film Awards
• 52nd Tony Awards
• 55th Golden Globe Awards
• List of submissions to the 70th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film

References

1. Osborne 2008, p. 337
2. Snow, Shauna (December 12, 1997). . Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
3. "Horvitz to helm Academy broadcast". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. January 8, 1998. from the original on November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
4. "Crystal set for sixth Oscar stint". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. December 21, 1997. from the original on February 23, 2014. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
5. Crowe, Jerry (December 20, 1997). "Arts and entertainment reports from The Times, national and international news services and the nation's press". Los Angeles Times. from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
6. "Judd named presenter at 70th Oscars". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. February 20, 1998. from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
7. Harden, Mark (March 24, 1998). "Epic film sails away with Oscar boatload". The Denver Post. MediaNews Group. p. A-01.
8. Weinraub, Bernard (March 24, 1998). "'Titanic' Ties Record With 11 Oscars, Including Best Picture". The New York Times. from the original on December 26, 2013. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
9. Scanton, Julian (January 27, 2010). . Vanity Fair. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on March 12, 2014. Retrieved March 12, 2014.
10. "'Titanic' cruises into Oscars lead". CNN. Time Warner. February 10, 1998. from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
11. Ebert, Roger (February 10, 1998). "Oscar hopefuls"Titanic' ties a record; DiCaprio misses boat". The Denver Post. MediaNews Group. p. F-01.
12. "'Titanic' lands 14 Oscar nominations; ties 1950 record". San Diego Union-Tribune. Tribune Publishing. February 11, 1998. p. A-3.
13. Goldsten, Patrick (March 24, 1998). "'Titanic' Snags 11, Ties for Record". Los Angeles Times. from the original on December 5, 2013. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
14. Guthmann, Edward (March 24, 1998). "'Titanic' Rides an Oscar Tidal Wave / But Hunt and Nicholson take the top acting awards". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
15. Glaister, Dan (March 25, 1998). "Titanic sinks British Oscar hopes". The Guardian. p. 5.
16. Symons 2004, p. 138
17. Osborne 2008, p. 396
18. Germain, David (September 27, 2010). . The Seattle Times. The Seattle Times Company. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
19. Bona 2002, p. 397
20. "The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. AMPAS. from the original on November 9, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
21. Anderson, John (March 25, 1998). "Stanley Donen: Just Dancin' and Singin' of His Reign". Los Angeles Times. from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
22. "List of Presenters". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. March 20, 1998. from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
23. Bona 2002, p. 163
24. Bona 2002, p. 168
25. Hindes, Andrew (December 11, 1997). "And Cates makes eight". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. from the original on April 4, 2015. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
26. "News Lite Veteran DJ Will End Storied Career". Los Angeles Daily News. MediaNews Group. December 20, 1997. p. N2.
27. Bona 2002, p. 156
28. Bona 2002, p. 157
29. Pond 2005, pp. 185–186
30. Bona 2002, p. 177
31. "Conti named musical director of 70th Academy Awards". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. January 14, 2014. from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
32. Pond 2005, p. 170
33. Pond 2005, p. 168
34. "1997 Academy Award Nominations and Winner for Best Picture". Box Office Mojo. from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
35. "1997 Domestic Grosses". Box Office Mojo. from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
36. Rosenberg, Howard (March 24, 1998). "Crystal Persuasion". Los Angeles Times. from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
37. Carman, John (March 24, 1998). "Oscar Polishes Up His Image / Crystal clearly a winner for best show in decades". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
38. McFadden, Kay (March 24, 1998). "Ceremony Shapes Up As A Night To Remember". The Seattle Times. The Seattle Times Company. from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
39. Richmond, Ray (March 23, 1998). "Review: 'The 70th Annual Academy Awards'". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. from the original on February 25, 2014. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
40. Gilbert, Matthew (March 24, 1998). "Telecast Sinks Under TIred Bits, Little Spark". Boston Globe. p. D1.
41. Rickey, Carey (March 24, 1998). "'Titanic' Ties Record With 11 Oscars; 'Good As It Gets' Takes Acting Honors". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia Media Network. p. A1.
42. Keegan, Rebecca (2019-02-20). "The Politics of Oscar: Inside the Academy's Long, Hard Road to a Hostless Show". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2019-02-25.
43. Crupi, Anthony (February 6, 2013). "ABC Strikes Gold With the Oscars". Adweek. Prometheus Global Media. from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
44. Pond 2005, p. 187
45. "Academy Awards ratings" (PDF). Television Bureau of Advertising. (PDF) from the original on August 8, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
46. Gorman, Bill (March 8, 2010). . TV by the Numbers. Tribune Media. Archived from the original on March 10, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2010.
47. "Primetime Emmy Award database". Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. ATAS. from the original on October 1, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
48. "The Emmy Winners Announced on Saturday". Los Angeles Times. August 31, 1998. from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
49. "1998 Emmy Winners". The New York Times. September 15, 1998. from the original on November 14, 2013. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
50. Bona 2002, pp. 173–174

Bibliography

• Bona, Damien (2002), Inside Oscar 2, New York, United States: Ballantine Books, ISBN 0-345-44970-3
• Osborne, Robert (2008). 80 Years of the Oscar: The Complete History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States: Abbeville Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-7892-0992-4.
• Pond, Steve (2005), The Big Show: High Times and Dirty Dealings Backstage at the Academy Awards, New York, United States: Faber and Faber, ISBN 0-571-21193-3
• Symons, Mitchell (2004), That Book ...of Perfectly Useless Information, New York, United States: HarperCollins, ISBN 978-0-06-073254-7

External links

Official websites

• Academy Awards Official website
• The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Official website
• Oscar's Channel at YouTube (run by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences)

Analysis

• 1997 Academy Awards Winners and History Filmsite
• Academy Awards, USA: 1998 Internet Movie Database

Other resources

• The 70th Annual Academy Awards at IMDb