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38th Chess Olympiad

The 38th Chess Olympiad (German: Die 38. Schacholympiade), organized by FIDE and comprising an open[1] and a women's tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place from 12 to 25 November 2008 in Dresden, Germany.[2] There were 146 teams in the open event and 111 in the women's event. In total, 1277 players were registered.

Armenian stamp featuring the logo of the 38th Chess Olympiad (top)

Both tournament sections were officiated by international arbiter Ignatius Leong (Singapore). In a change from recent Olympiads, the number of rounds of the Swiss system were reduced from 13 to 11 with accelerated pairings. For the first time, the women's division, like the open division, was played over four boards per round, with each team allowed one alternate for a total of five players. In another first, the final rankings were determined by match points, not game points. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided by 1. Deducted Sonneborn-Berger; 2. Deducted sum of match points; 3. Game points.[3]

The time control for each game permitted each player 90 minutes their first 40 moves and 30 minutes for the rest of the game, with an additional 30 seconds increment for each player after each move, beginning with the first. As a new rule, no draws by agreement were permitted before 30 moves had been completed. Yet there were games drawn as soon as the 16th move, formally drawn by repetition against which there was no rule.[4] In addition, players who were not present at the board at the commencement of a round automatically forfeited the game. This rule was implemented to align chess with other sports events.[5]

Open event

 
Dresden Olympiad Scene

The open division was contested by 146 teams representing 141 nations. Germany, as hosts, fielded three teams, whilst the International Braille Chess Association (IBCA), the International Physically Disabled Chess Association (IPCA), and the International Committee of Silent Chess (ICSC) each provided one squad. Morocco were signed up, but never appeared for their first round match and were disqualified.

Defending champions Armenia, once again led by Levon Aronian, clinched their second consecutive title. Despite being seeded only eighth, they won nine out of eleven matches, drew against fourth-placed Ukraine and lost only (1½-2½) to runners-up Israel, captained by Boris Gelfand. The Israelis finished one point behind Armenia. The United States, led by Gata Kamsky, took the bronze medals on a better tie break score than Vasyl Ivanchuk and the rest of the Ukrainian team after defeating Ukraine (3½-½) in the last round.

Once again, the Russian team under captain Vladimir Kramnik were the pre-tournament favourites but finished disappointingly in fifth place. Kramnik, having recently lost a world championship match, performed well below his rating, as did the rest of the team, except alternate Dmitry Yakovenko who won the reserve board.

 
The winning Armenian team

Arguably the biggest surprise of the tournament was Vietnam, who weren't even seeded in the top 30, but still managed to finish in ninth place, aided somewhat by the new tournament structure which allotted them some weaker opponents, although they did manage a 2-2 result against China. The German hosts finished 13th, while India, without World Champion Viswanathan Anand, had to settle for 16th place.

Open event results, #1–#10
# Country Players Average
rating
MP dSB
1   Armenia Aronian, Akopian, Sargissian, Petrosian, Minasian 2677 19
2   Israel Gelfand, Roiz, Avrukh, Postny, Rodshtein 2682 18
3   United States Kamsky, Nakamura, Onischuk, Shulman, Akobian 2673 17 362.0
4   Ukraine Ivanchuk, Karjakin, Eljanov, Efimenko, Volokitin 2729 17 348.5
5   Russia Kramnik, Svidler, Grischuk, Morozevich, Yakovenko 2756 16 375.0
6   Azerbaijan Radjabov, Mamedyarov, Gashimov, Guseinov, Mamedov 2709 16 359.5
7   China Wang Yue, Bu Xiangzhi, Ni Hua, Wang Hao, Li Chao 2714 16 357.5
8   Hungary Lékó, Polgár, Almási, Balogh, Berkes 2692 16 341.5
9   Vietnam Nguyễn Ngọc Trường Sơn, Lê Quang Liêm,
Đào Thiên Hải, Nguyễn Văn Huy, Tu Hoang Thong
2539 16 340.0
10   Spain Shirov, Vallejo Pons, Illescas Córdoba,
Khamrakulov, San Segundo Carrillo
2644 16 337.5

Group prizes

In addition to the overall medals, prizes were given out to the best teams in five different seeding groups—in other words, the teams who exceeded their seeding the most. Overall medal winners were not eligible for group prizes.

Group Prizes
Group Seeding
range
Team MP dSB
A 1–29   Ukraine 17 348.5
B 30–58   Vietnam 16 340.0
C 59–87   Paraguay 13 220.5
D 88–116   Luxembourg 11 177.5
E 117–146   Pakistan 11 234.5

Individual medals

For the first time, all board prizes were given out according to performance ratings. Accordingly, there was no overall prize, although Sargissian on the third board had the best performance of all players at the tournament:

Women's event

The women's division was contested by 111 teams representing 106 nations. Germany, as hosts, fielded three teams, whilst the International Braille Chess Association (IBCA), the International Physically Disabled Chess Association (IPCA), and the International Committee of Silent Chess (ICSC) each provided one squad.

Georgia won their fourth title, 12 years after the third one, narrowly defeating Ukraine on tie breaks. The two teams didn't meet during the tournament, but when the Ukrainians only drew their penultimate match against Serbia while the Georgians defeated former champions China (2½-1½), the gold was Georgia's to lose. In the last round they record a win (3-1) against the Serbian, who thus came to play a crucial role in the fight for the title, despite finishing in seventh place themselves. The Georgian team were led by former World Champion, 47-year-old Maia Chiburdanidze, who delivered a stellar performance, winning the top board with the best performance of the tournament.

The United States clinched the bronze medals on tie breaks, just ahead of Russia (with newly crowned World Champion Alexandra Kosteniuk) and Poland. The German hosts finished in 21st place.

Women's section results, #1–#10
# Country Players Average
rating
MP dSB
1   Georgia Chiburdanidze, Dzagnidze, Javakhishvili, Lomineishvili, Khukhashvili 2476 18 411.5
2   Ukraine Lahno, Zhukova, Ushenina, Gaponenko, Zdebskaya 2486 18 406.5
3   United States Krush, Zatonskih, Goletiani, Rohonyan, Abrahamyan 2396 17 390.5
4   Russia Kosteniuk, T. Kosintseva, N. Kosintseva, Korbut, Pogonina 2495 17 367.0
5   Poland Soćko, Rajlich, Zawadzka, Majdan, Przeździecka 2386 17 364.5
6   Armenia Danielian, Mkrtchian, Aginian, Galojan, Andriasian 2397 16 353.0
7   Serbia Marić, Bojković, Stojanović, Chelushkina, Benderać 2386 16 318.5
8   China Hou Yifan, Zhao Xue, Shen Yang, Ju Wenjun, Tan Zhongyi 2486 15 392.5
9   Israel Klinova, Borsuk, Igla, Vasiliev, Efroimski 2304 15 325.0
10   Belarus Sharevich, Popova, Azarova, Berlin, Klimets 2278 15 317.5

Individual medals

For the first time, all board prizes were given out according to performance ratings. Accordingly, there was no overall prize, although reborn ex-champion Chiburdanidze on the top board had the best performance of all players at the tournament:

Overall title

The Nona Gaprindashvili Trophy is awarded to the nation that has the highest total number of match points in the open and women's divisions combined. Where two or more teams are tied, they are ordered by the same tie breakers as in the two separate events.

The trophy, named after the former women's World Champion (1961–78), was created by FIDE in 1997.

# Team MP dSB
1   Ukraine 35 755.0
2   Armenia 35 753.5
3   United States 34

Bibliography

  • Harald Fietz, Josip Asik, Anna Burtasova: Olympiad United! Dresden 2008. Verlag Schach Wissen, Berlin 2009. ISBN 978-3-9813348-0-7

Notes

  1. ^ Although commonly referred to as the men's division, this section is open to both male and female players.
  2. ^ FIDE Calendar 2008. fide.com
  3. ^ FIDE Handbook Retrieved on 2012-09-03.
  4. ^ . dresden2008.de
  5. ^ Let the Games Begin in Dresden uschess.org, Mike Klein, 13 November 2008

External links

  • 38th Chess Olympiad: Dresden 2008 OlimpBase
  • Official website

38th, chess, olympiad, german, schacholympiade, organized, fide, comprising, open, women, tournament, well, several, other, events, designed, promote, game, chess, took, place, from, november, 2008, dresden, germany, there, were, teams, open, event, women, eve. The 38th Chess Olympiad German Die 38 Schacholympiade organized by FIDE and comprising an open 1 and a women s tournament as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess took place from 12 to 25 November 2008 in Dresden Germany 2 There were 146 teams in the open event and 111 in the women s event In total 1277 players were registered Armenian stamp featuring the logo of the 38th Chess Olympiad top Both tournament sections were officiated by international arbiter Ignatius Leong Singapore In a change from recent Olympiads the number of rounds of the Swiss system were reduced from 13 to 11 with accelerated pairings For the first time the women s division like the open division was played over four boards per round with each team allowed one alternate for a total of five players In another first the final rankings were determined by match points not game points In the event of a draw the tie break was decided by 1 Deducted Sonneborn Berger 2 Deducted sum of match points 3 Game points 3 The time control for each game permitted each player 90 minutes their first 40 moves and 30 minutes for the rest of the game with an additional 30 seconds increment for each player after each move beginning with the first As a new rule no draws by agreement were permitted before 30 moves had been completed Yet there were games drawn as soon as the 16th move formally drawn by repetition against which there was no rule 4 In addition players who were not present at the board at the commencement of a round automatically forfeited the game This rule was implemented to align chess with other sports events 5 Contents 1 Open event 1 1 Group prizes 1 2 Individual medals 2 Women s event 2 1 Individual medals 3 Overall title 4 Bibliography 5 Notes 6 External linksOpen event Edit Dresden Olympiad Scene The open division was contested by 146 teams representing 141 nations Germany as hosts fielded three teams whilst the International Braille Chess Association IBCA the International Physically Disabled Chess Association IPCA and the International Committee of Silent Chess ICSC each provided one squad Morocco were signed up but never appeared for their first round match and were disqualified Defending champions Armenia once again led by Levon Aronian clinched their second consecutive title Despite being seeded only eighth they won nine out of eleven matches drew against fourth placed Ukraine and lost only 1 2 to runners up Israel captained by Boris Gelfand The Israelis finished one point behind Armenia The United States led by Gata Kamsky took the bronze medals on a better tie break score than Vasyl Ivanchuk and the rest of the Ukrainian team after defeating Ukraine 3 in the last round Once again the Russian team under captain Vladimir Kramnik were the pre tournament favourites but finished disappointingly in fifth place Kramnik having recently lost a world championship match performed well below his rating as did the rest of the team except alternate Dmitry Yakovenko who won the reserve board The winning Armenian team Arguably the biggest surprise of the tournament was Vietnam who weren t even seeded in the top 30 but still managed to finish in ninth place aided somewhat by the new tournament structure which allotted them some weaker opponents although they did manage a 2 2 result against China The German hosts finished 13th while India without World Champion Viswanathan Anand had to settle for 16th place Open event results 1 10 Country Players Averagerating MP dSB1 Armenia Aronian Akopian Sargissian Petrosian Minasian 2677 192 Israel Gelfand Roiz Avrukh Postny Rodshtein 2682 183 United States Kamsky Nakamura Onischuk Shulman Akobian 2673 17 362 04 Ukraine Ivanchuk Karjakin Eljanov Efimenko Volokitin 2729 17 348 55 Russia Kramnik Svidler Grischuk Morozevich Yakovenko 2756 16 375 06 Azerbaijan Radjabov Mamedyarov Gashimov Guseinov Mamedov 2709 16 359 57 China Wang Yue Bu Xiangzhi Ni Hua Wang Hao Li Chao 2714 16 357 58 Hungary Leko Polgar Almasi Balogh Berkes 2692 16 341 59 Vietnam Nguyễn Ngọc Trường Sơn Le Quang Liem Đao Thien Hải Nguyễn Văn Huy Tu Hoang Thong 2539 16 340 010 Spain Shirov Vallejo Pons Illescas Cordoba Khamrakulov San Segundo Carrillo 2644 16 337 5Open event results 11 end 146 Rank Country Averagerating MP dSB dSMP11 Georgia 2618 16 321 012 Netherlands 2609 15 343 013 Germany 2647 15 339 014 Bulgaria 2691 15 327 515 England 2629 15 320 016 India 2634 15 310 017 Slovenia 2583 15 288 018 Belarus 2602 14 307 019 Romania 2631 14 306 520 Serbia 2604 14 302 021 Norway 2611 14 300 022 France 2690 14 295 023 Cuba 2626 14 294 524 Greece 2585 14 292 525 Sweden 2576 14 286 026 Montenegro 2522 14 279 027 Croatia 2588 14 275 528 Canada 2500 14 272 529 Poland 2609 13 301 030 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2577 13 294 031 Slovakia 2587 13 290 032 Finland 2491 13 287 533 Estonia 2495 13 282 034 Lithuania 2548 13 278 035 Germany C 2506 13 276 5 12236 Turkey 2496 13 276 5 12137 Kazakhstan 2555 13 272 538 Czech Republic 2611 13 270 539 Denmark 2566 13 268 540 Iran 2524 13 265 041 Italy 2521 13 261 042 Germany B 2523 13 259 043 Moldova 2585 13 258 544 Latvia 2522 13 257 545 Austria 2486 13 252 546 Philippines 2526 13 250 047 Bangladesh 2486 13 249 048 Paraguay 2415 13 220 549 Colombia 2459 12 257 050 Uzbekistan 2557 12 256 551 Switzerland 2541 12 251 052 Indonesia 2387 12 249 553 Scotland 2512 12 249 054 Brazil 2460 12 240 055 Portugal 2441 12 237 556 Egypt 2497 12 232 057 Australia 2488 12 222 558 South Africa 2315 12 220 559 North Macedonia 2525 12 220 060 Ireland 2452 12 218 561 Faroe Islands 2364 12 213 562 Singapore 2352 12 210 563 United Arab Emirates 2332 12 191 064 Iceland 2420 11 246 065 Pakistan 2031 11 234 566 Qatar 2400 11 225 567 Venezuela 2444 11 224 568 Costa Rica 2403 11 223 569 Argentina 2572 11 221 570 Belgium 2395 11 215 571 Tajikistan 2358 11 207 072 Ecuador 2408 11 206 073 Mongolia 2372 11 188 574 Mexico 2423 11 188 075 Luxembourg 2286 11 177 576 Jordan 2288 11 175 577 Japan 2206 11 174 578 El Salvador 2300 11 173 579 ICSC 2305 11 166 580 Jamaica 2217 11 165 081 Wales 2263 11 158 082 Kyrgyzstan 2337 10 222 583 Turkmenistan 2355 10 200 584 Syria 2312 10 192 585 Iraq 2290 10 188 586 Bolivia 2313 10 183 587 Guatemala 2263 10 182 588 IPCA 2358 10 178 589 Algeria 2340 10 174 090 Dominican Republic 2358 10 167 591 IBCA 2318 10 166 092 Albania 2102 10 162 593 Panama 2206 10 161 094 Sri Lanka 2169 10 160 095 Puerto Rico 2228 10 159 096 Malaysia 2362 10 157 597 New Zealand 2370 10 152 098 Angola 2231 10 151 599 Lebanon 2312 10 150 5100 Thailand 2272 10 140 5101 Palestine 2306 9 177 5102 Nigeria 1988 9 174 0103 Botswana 2185 9 173 0104 Monaco 2275 9 171 0105 Tunisia 2310 9 163 5106 Yemen 2332 9 163 5107 Afghanistan 2095 9 152 0108 Nepal 2022 9 148 0109 South Korea 2068 9 146 5110 Andorra 2256 9 144 0111 Libya 2145 9 141 0112 Netherlands Antilles 2168 9 135 5113 Malta 2177 9 134 0114 Uruguay 2287 9 130 5115 Jersey 1742 9 127 0116 Nicaragua 2238 9 120 0117 Zambia 2082 8 140 5118 Barbados 2142 8 136 0119 Mozambique 1775 8 132 0120 Uganda 2175 8 126 0121 San Marino 1907 8 124 5122 Cyprus 2144 8 120 0123 Namibia 1937 8 116 5124 Ethiopia 1769 8 108 0125 Trinidad and Tobago 2173 8 106 5126 Guernsey 2055 8 97 0127 British Virgin Islands 1952 8 95 5128 Honduras 1968 7 129 0129 Mauritania 2139 7 116 0130 Suriname 2141 7 110 0131 Kenya 2164 7 109 0132 Hong Kong 2023 7 106 0133 Papua New Guinea 1896 7 94 5134 Macau 2020 7 94 0135 Aruba 2034 7 92 0136 Chinese Taipei 1846 7 85 0137 Bermuda 1978 7 81 0138 Malawi 1400 6 116 5139 Liechtenstein 2086 6 88 0140 Ghana 1400 6 77 0141 United States Virgin Islands 1400 6 43 0142 Gabon 1400 5 87 0143 Fiji 1923 5 73 0144 Seychelles 1710 5 68 5145 Madagascar 1400 4146 Rwanda 1608 3Group prizes Edit In addition to the overall medals prizes were given out to the best teams in five different seeding groups in other words the teams who exceeded their seeding the most Overall medal winners were not eligible for group prizes Group Prizes Group Seedingrange Team MP dSBA 1 29 Ukraine 17 348 5B 30 58 Vietnam 16 340 0C 59 87 Paraguay 13 220 5D 88 116 Luxembourg 11 177 5E 117 146 Pakistan 11 234 5Individual medals Edit For the first time all board prizes were given out according to performance ratings Accordingly there was no overall prize although Sargissian on the third board had the best performance of all players at the tournament Board 1 Peter Leko 2834 Board 2 Vladimir Akopian 2813 Board 3 Gabriel Sargissian 2869 Board 4 Dragisa Blagojevic 2792 Reserve Dmitry Yakovenko 2794Women s event EditThe women s division was contested by 111 teams representing 106 nations Germany as hosts fielded three teams whilst the International Braille Chess Association IBCA the International Physically Disabled Chess Association IPCA and the International Committee of Silent Chess ICSC each provided one squad Georgia won their fourth title 12 years after the third one narrowly defeating Ukraine on tie breaks The two teams didn t meet during the tournament but when the Ukrainians only drew their penultimate match against Serbia while the Georgians defeated former champions China 2 1 the gold was Georgia s to lose In the last round they record a win 3 1 against the Serbian who thus came to play a crucial role in the fight for the title despite finishing in seventh place themselves The Georgian team were led by former World Champion 47 year old Maia Chiburdanidze who delivered a stellar performance winning the top board with the best performance of the tournament The United States clinched the bronze medals on tie breaks just ahead of Russia with newly crowned World Champion Alexandra Kosteniuk and Poland The German hosts finished in 21st place Women s section results 1 10 Country Players Averagerating MP dSB1 Georgia Chiburdanidze Dzagnidze Javakhishvili Lomineishvili Khukhashvili 2476 18 411 52 Ukraine Lahno Zhukova Ushenina Gaponenko Zdebskaya 2486 18 406 53 United States Krush Zatonskih Goletiani Rohonyan Abrahamyan 2396 17 390 54 Russia Kosteniuk T Kosintseva N Kosintseva Korbut Pogonina 2495 17 367 05 Poland Socko Rajlich Zawadzka Majdan Przezdziecka 2386 17 364 56 Armenia Danielian Mkrtchian Aginian Galojan Andriasian 2397 16 353 07 Serbia Maric Bojkovic Stojanovic Chelushkina Benderac 2386 16 318 58 China Hou Yifan Zhao Xue Shen Yang Ju Wenjun Tan Zhongyi 2486 15 392 59 Israel Klinova Borsuk Igla Vasiliev Efroimski 2304 15 325 010 Belarus Sharevich Popova Azarova Berlin Klimets 2278 15 317 5Women s section results 11 end 111 Rank Country Averagerating MP dSB dSMP11 Romania 2348 15 306 512 Italy 2245 15 280 013 France 2427 14 336 514 Hungary 2389 14 321 015 India 2388 14 320 516 Slovakia 2348 14 299 517 Mongolia 2161 14 289 018 Netherlands 2323 14 286 019 Bulgaria 2375 14 282 020 Croatia 2259 14 281 521 Germany 2379 14 279 022 Uzbekistan 2181 14 267 023 Spain 2296 14 266 524 Greece 2317 13 307 525 Cuba 2289 13 288 026 Vietnam 2292 13 272 527 Austria 2231 13 269 528 Latvia 2264 13 266 529 Argentina 2260 13 262 030 Turkey 2184 13 249 531 Azerbaijan 2261 13 246 532 Estonia 2174 13 245 533 Moldova 2246 13 238 034 Germany B 2159 13 236 035 Montenegro 2242 13 227 536 Czech Republic 2321 12 270 037 Slovenia 2359 12 260 038 Sweden 2317 12 258 539 Iran 2194 12 258 040 Switzerland 2210 12 257 541 Colombia 2179 12 255 542 Indonesia 2021 12 237 543 Philippines 2134 12 232 044 Luxembourg 2185 12 227 545 Kazakhstan 2240 12 226 546 Portugal 2145 12 218 047 Germany C 2142 12 208 548 Brazil 2077 12 196 049 Kyrgyzstan 2093 12 182 050 England 2248 11 250 051 Lithuania 2294 11 239 052 Ecuador 2223 11 230 053 Norway 2193 11 224 054 Finland 2014 11 205 055 Dominican Republic 2022 11 200 556 Scotland 1986 11 199 557 South Africa 1938 11 198 058 Turkmenistan 2063 11 194 559 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2110 11 193 060 Iceland 2029 11 191 061 IPCA 2018 11 180 062 New Zealand 1912 11 174 563 Australia 2122 10 209 064 El Salvador 2098 10 199 565 Canada 2124 10 190 066 Mexico 2106 10 184 067 Venezuela 2108 10 178 068 Guatemala 1920 10 176 069 IBCA 2035 10 168 070 Denmark 2098 10 163 571 Bolivia 1978 10 162 072 ICSC 2130 10 161 073 Algeria 1936 10 158 074 Bangladesh 2093 10 156 075 Tajikistan 1767 10 155 0 10476 Syria 1808 10 155 0 9677 Albania 2004 10 151 078 Sri Lanka 1850 9 169 579 Wales 1891 9 145 080 Uruguay 1882 9 140 0 10781 Puerto Rico 1870 9 140 0 10382 Lebanon 1802 9 139 083 Costa Rica 1861 9 129 084 Paraguay 1725 9 127 085 Qatar 1656 9 121 086 Chinese Taipei 1556 9 118 587 Iraq 1706 9 117 588 Egypt 1842 8 142 089 United Arab Emirates 1805 8 129 090 Angola 1506 8 124 091 Tunisia 1490 8 119 092 Yemen 1400 8 114 593 Botswana 1529 8 113 594 Ireland 1534 8 90 595 Barbados 1400 8 81 096 Japan 1621 7 119 597 Nigeria 1400 7 111 098 Honduras 1400 7 106 099 Suriname 1498 7 105 0100 Malta 1731 7 101 5101 Libya 1400 7 92 5102 Pakistan 1400 7 90 0103 Panama 1641 7 82 5104 Macau 1554 7 79 5105 Fiji 1551 7 74 5106 South Korea 1469 7 66 5107 Trinidad and Tobago 1667 7 58 0108 Aruba 1400 6109 Kenya 1400 5110 Seychelles 1400 3111 Afghanistan 1400 1Individual medals Edit For the first time all board prizes were given out according to performance ratings Accordingly there was no overall prize although reborn ex champion Chiburdanidze on the top board had the best performance of all players at the tournament Board 1 Maia Chiburdanidze 2715 Board 2 Anna Zatonskih 2571 Board 3 Nadezhda Kosintseva 2591 Board 4 Joanna Majdan 2621 Reserve Natalia Zdebskaya 2528Overall title EditThe Nona Gaprindashvili Trophy is awarded to the nation that has the highest total number of match points in the open and women s divisions combined Where two or more teams are tied they are ordered by the same tie breakers as in the two separate events The trophy named after the former women s World Champion 1961 78 was created by FIDE in 1997 Team MP dSB1 Ukraine 35 755 02 Armenia 35 753 53 United States 34Bibliography EditHarald Fietz Josip Asik Anna Burtasova Olympiad United Dresden 2008 Verlag Schach Wissen Berlin 2009 ISBN 978 3 9813348 0 7Notes Edit Although commonly referred to as the men s division this section is open to both male and female players FIDE Calendar 2008 fide com FIDE Handbook Retrieved on 2012 09 03 Dresden 2008 dresden2008 de Let the Games Begin in Dresden uschess org Mike Klein 13 November 2008External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chess Olympiad 2008 38th Chess Olympiad Dresden 2008 OlimpBase Official website Open section results Women s section results Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 38th Chess Olympiad amp oldid 1147573744, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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