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Wikipedia

Î

March 09, 2023

Î, î (i-circumflex) is a letter in the Friulian, Kurdish, Tupi alphabet, Persian Rumi script, Romanian alphabets and Phonetic Filipino. This letter also appears in French, Turkish, Italian, Welsh and Walloon languages as a variant of letter “i”.

Afrikaans

In Afrikaans, î is a punctuated form of i: wîe, the plural of wig ('wedge').

 
Doulos SIL glyphs for Majuscule and minuscule î.

French

Main article: Circumflex in French

Î is a letter which appears in several French words, like naître (to be born), abîme (abyss), maître (master), fraîche (fresh), and more. Unlike Â, Ê, and Ô, the circumflex does not alter the pronunciation of î or û.

The circumflex usually denotes the exclusion of a letter (usually an s) that was in a prior version of the word:

  • voster became vôtre.
  • abismus became abisme and then abîme.
  • magister became maistre and then maître.

The 1990 spelling reforms removed the accents if they are not required to distinguish between homonyms and so naitre, abime, maitre and fraiche no longer take the circumflex. Vôtre, however, (meaning 'your one' as a pronoun) uses the circumflex to distinguish it from votre (meaning 'your' as a possessive determiner).

Friulian

Î is used to get a longer value of I, becoming /iː/. It can be found for example in all verbs of the fourth conjugation: pandî /paɳ'diː/, (to revel). Another use of Î (and also the other long vowels), is due to Latin derivation. Instead of preserving the last vowel, in Friulian it was used to give a longer value to the penultimate vowel, ending the word with a consonant: gliru(m) < glîr, (dormouse), where the ending u disappeared.

Italian

In Italian the circumflex accent is an optional accent. While the accent itself has many uses, with the letter "i" it is only used while forming the plural of male nouns ending in -io in order to minimize both ambiguity and the stressing of the wrong syllable: principio /prinˈtʃipjo/ (principle) has the plural principî /prinˈtʃipi/, and principe /ˈprintʃipe/ (prince) has principi /ˈprintʃipi/ as plural. In this situation it can be replaced with a double "i" (E.g. "principii" ), with an i followed by a j (E.g. "principij"), with a single j (E.g. "principj") or, more simply, with a single "i" (E.g. "principi"). In contemporary usage, the single "i" is mostly used and the other variants are seen as archaic and overly formal.

Kurdish

Î is the 12th letter of the Kurdish alphabet and represents /iː/: Kurdî ([ˈkuɾdiː], 'Kurdish language').

Persian

Î is used in the Persian Latin (Rumi) alphabet, equivalent to ي.

Romanian

Î is the 12th letter of the Romanian alphabet and denotes /ɨ/. This sound is also represented in Romanian as letter â. The difference is that â is used in the middle of a word, as in România, but î is used at the beginning or the end of a word: înțelegere (understanding), a urî (to hate). A compound word starting with the letter î retains it, even if it is in the middle of the word: neînțelegere (misunderstanding). However, if a suffix is added, the î changes into â, as in the example: a urî (to hate), urât (hated).

Turkish

In Turkish, î can indicate the /iː/ sound in Arabic loanwords where it is used as an adjectival suffix that makes an adjective from a noun: askerî (military), millî (national), dâhilî (internal) etc.

Welsh

In Welsh, î is used to represent long stressed i [iː] when, without the circumflex, the vowel would be pronounced as short [ɪ] (dîm [diːm], the mutated form of "team"), as opposed to dim [dɪm] "no, nought, nothing".

Filipino

In Tagalog and other Philippine languages, the circumflex, also called as 'Pakupyâ', is used to indicate a (stressed) Glottal stop 'ʔ'.[1] It is however not used in casual text, but used in formal writing and to differentiate between Homographs.

e.g.: 'Pinunò' means 'leader'.

'Pinunô' means 'filled'.

Other usage

In mathematics

  • The letter   is sometimes used to denote a unit vector in physics

Character mappings

Character information
Preview Î î
Unicode name LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX
Encodings decimal hex dec hex
Unicode 206 U+00CE 238 U+00EE
UTF-8 195 142 C3 8E 195 174 C3 AE
Numeric character reference &#206; &#xCE; &#238; &#xEE;
Named character reference &Icirc; &icirc;
EBCDIC family 118 76 86 56
ISO 8859-1/2/3/4/9/10/14/15/16 206 CE 238 EE

See also

References

  1. ^ "1".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

March 09, 2023
circumflex, letter, friulian, kurdish, tupi, alphabet, persian, rumi, script, romanian, alphabets, phonetic, filipino, this, letter, also, appears, french, turkish, italian, welsh, walloon, languages, variant, letter, contents, afrikaans, french, friulian, ita. I i i circumflex is a letter in the Friulian Kurdish Tupi alphabet Persian Rumi script Romanian alphabets and Phonetic Filipino This letter also appears in French Turkish Italian Welsh and Walloon languages as a variant of letter i Contents 1 Afrikaans 2 French 3 Friulian 4 Italian 5 Kurdish 6 Persian 7 Romanian 8 Turkish 9 Welsh 10 Filipino 11 Other usage 11 1 In mathematics 12 Character mappings 13 See also 14 ReferencesAfrikaans EditIn Afrikaans i is a punctuated form of i wie the plural of wig wedge Doulos SIL glyphs for Majuscule and minuscule i French EditMain article Circumflex in French I is a letter which appears in several French words like naitre to be born abime abyss maitre master fraiche fresh and more Unlike A E and O the circumflex does not alter the pronunciation of i or u The circumflex usually denotes the exclusion of a letter usually an s that was in a prior version of the word voster became votre abismus became abisme and then abime magister became maistre and then maitre The 1990 spelling reforms removed the accents if they are not required to distinguish between homonyms and so naitre abime maitre and fraiche no longer take the circumflex Votre however meaning your one as a pronoun uses the circumflex to distinguish it from votre meaning your as a possessive determiner Friulian EditI is used to get a longer value of I becoming iː It can be found for example in all verbs of the fourth conjugation pandi paɳ diː to revel Another use of I and also the other long vowels is due to Latin derivation Instead of preserving the last vowel in Friulian it was used to give a longer value to the penultimate vowel ending the word with a consonant gliru m lt glir dormouse where the ending u disappeared Italian EditIn Italian the circumflex accent is an optional accent While the accent itself has many uses with the letter i it is only used while forming the plural of male nouns ending in io in order to minimize both ambiguity and the stressing of the wrong syllable principio prinˈtʃipjo principle has the plural principi prinˈtʃipi and principe ˈprintʃipe prince has principi ˈprintʃipi as plural In this situation it can be replaced with a double i E g principii with an i followed by a j E g principij with a single j E g principj or more simply with a single i E g principi In contemporary usage the single i is mostly used and the other variants are seen as archaic and overly formal Kurdish EditI is the 12th letter of the Kurdish alphabet and represents iː Kurdi ˈkuɾdiː Kurdish language Persian EditI is used in the Persian Latin Rumi alphabet equivalent to ي Romanian EditI is the 12th letter of the Romanian alphabet and denotes ɨ This sound is also represented in Romanian as letter a The difference is that a is used in the middle of a word as in Romania but i is used at the beginning or the end of a word ințelegere understanding a uri to hate A compound word starting with the letter i retains it even if it is in the middle of the word neințelegere misunderstanding However if a suffix is added the i changes into a as in the example a uri to hate urat hated Turkish EditIn Turkish i can indicate the iː sound in Arabic loanwords where it is used as an adjectival suffix that makes an adjective from a noun askeri military milli national dahili internal etc Welsh EditIn Welsh i is used to represent long stressed i iː when without the circumflex the vowel would be pronounced as short ɪ dim diːm the mutated form of team as opposed to dim dɪm no nought nothing Filipino EditIn Tagalog and other Philippine languages the circumflex also called as Pakupya is used to indicate a stressed Glottal stop ʔ 1 It is however not used in casual text but used in formal writing and to differentiate between Homographs e g Pinuno means leader Pinuno means filled Other usage EditIn mathematics Edit The letter i displaystyle mathbf hat boldsymbol imath is sometimes used to denote a unit vector in physicsCharacter mappings EditCharacter information Preview I iUnicode name LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEXEncodings decimal hex dec hexUnicode 206 U 00CE 238 U 00EEUTF 8 195 142 C3 8E 195 174 C3 AENumeric character reference amp 206 wbr amp xCE wbr amp 238 wbr amp xEE wbr Named character reference amp Icirc amp icirc EBCDIC family 118 76 86 56ISO 8859 1 2 3 4 9 10 14 15 16 206 CE 238 EESee also EditCircumflex IReferences Edit 1 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title I amp oldid 1134705415, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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