fbpx
Wikipedia

Azerbaijani art

Azerbaijani art (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan təsviri sənəti) is the art created by Azerbaijanis. They have created rich and distinctive art, a major part of which is applied art items. This form of art rooted in antiquity, is represented by a wide range of handicrafts, such as chasing (metalworking), jewellery-making, engraving, carving wood, stone and bone, carpet-making, lacing, pattern weaving and printing, and knitting and embroidery. Each of these decorative arts is evidence of the culture and the abilities of the Azerbaijan nation, and are very popular there. Many interesting facts pertaining to the development of arts and crafts in Azerbaijan were reported by merchants, travellers and diplomats who visited these places at different times.

Prehistoric art edit

 
Rock paintings in Gobustan

Images reflecting magic, totemic notions of ancient people, their religious customs and hunting scenes carved on rocks in Gobustan is evidence of primitive art created in the Paleolithic epoch. Carvings of men and women, fishing scenes, images of people dancing on the rocks, galloping horses, hunters, a lonely figure of a reaper with a sickle, round dances like the yalli (folk dance), boats with rowers, solar signs and various wild animals have been portrayed and found there.[1]

Gamigaya Petroglyphs in the Ordubad District region date back from the fourth to the first centuries BC. About 1,500 dislodged and carved rock paintings with images of deer, goats, bulls, dogs, snakes, birds, fantastic beings, people, carriages and various symbols have been discovered carved on basalt rocks.[2]

Middle Ages edit

 
The stone cap of the 5th–6th centuries discovered in a temple in the Sudagilan settlement of the Mingachevir District with an inscription in Caucasian Albanian language[3]

The development of old and the appearance of new cities favoured the development of caravan trade and the expansion of handicraft production. Many cities are famed for rug weaving, and the production of artistic ceramic jars, gold and silver items.

A stone cap from the 5th–6th centuries discovered in the Sudagilan settlement of Mingachevir District is one of the most famous findings of that time. A cup discovered in the village of Bartim village, dating from the second to fourth centuries is kept in the Moscow Museum of History.

 
Ornament from the Momine Khatun Mausoleum in Nakhchivan, 12th century

The seizure of Caucasian Albania by Arabs in the seventh century was of great importance to the further development of the visual arts. Muslim, Iranian and Arabic cultures began to spread in the territory of modern Azerbaijan. The construction of mosques, mausoleums, castles and other cultic architectural monuments followed decorated with various patterns and ornaments, calligraphic elements (on epitaphs), tile and bas-reliefs Islamic restrictions on the portrayal of living beings stimulated the development of ornamental forms of decorative arts. Ornaments on the Momine Khatun Mausoleum in Nakhchivan, constructed in the epoch of the Seljuq and Khanegah on the shore of the Pirsaat River are monuments from that time.

 
"Divankhana". A fragment of a decoration. Palace of the Shirvanshahs in Baku, 15th century.

Small states appeared in the territory of Azerbaijan after the weakening of Arab Caliphate. Local art schools were opened in cities such as Barda, Shamakhi, Beylagan, Ganja, Nakhchivan and Shabran. Architectural schools in Nakchivan, Shirvan-Absheron and Tabriz are the most important among them. Monuments and buildings of the "Nakhchivan school" are distinguished by their ceramic details, which were one-colour initially, but then became multi-coloured. Ornamental motifs generally consisted of baked brick and tile. Smooth stone walls were rarely used in architectural elements belong to the "Shirvan-Absheron" architectural school. Patterns of stone carving art, geometric and plant ornaments have an important place in buildings belonging to this school of architecture.

The artistic value of "divankhana" (rotunda-pavilion) from the Palace of the Shirvanshahs ensemble "is determined by the perfection of the composition, tectonics of architectural forms, the virtuosity of painting and creation of ornaments" according to L.Bretatsinki and B.Weymarn.

Stones with inscriptions and images of people and animals (tiger, camel, horse, bull and bird) have been found in the Shirvanshahs' architectural monument called Sabayil Castle constructed in the 13th century in Baku Bay.[4] A deep carving style was a characteristics of friezes. This monument has a pattern of sculptural art where inscriptions and salient images was a decisive factor in the decorative design of buildings. Cultural traditions of ancient Caucasian Albania are preserved in the stone reliefs.[5]

The Bayil stones, which had the characteristics of friezes, included decorative elements on grand architectural monuments at that time.

Ceramic items discovered during archaeological excavations in Shabran and Baylagan provide evidence of the high-level development of visual arts in the Middle Ages.

15th century edit

Azerbaijani rugs edit

 
Azerbaijani Embroidery from Ganja.jpg

Azerbaijani rugs are a product of Azerbaijan, an ancient centre of carpet weaving. Azerbaijan has also been known since ancient times as a centre of a large variety of other crafts. Archaeological digs in the territory testify to well-developed agriculture, livestock raising, metalworking, pottery and ceramics, and carpet-weaving that date as far back as to the 2nd millennium BC. The development of carpet weaving grew after Ismail I's takeover of the Safavid dynasty.

Azerbaijani carpets can be categorized into several large groups and a multitude of subgroups. Scientific research on the Azerbaijani carpet is connected to Latif Karimov, a prominent scientist and artist. He classified carpets into four large groups in four geographical zones of Azerbaijan, i.e. Guba-Shirvan, Ganja-Kazakh, Karabakh and Tabriz.[6]

The Karabakh carpet is one of five ( major regional groups of carpets made in Azerbaijan named after the Karabakh region, which comprises present-day Nagorno-Karabakh and the adjacent lowland territories (lowland Karabakh). The Karabakh carpets amount to 33 compositions. Due to the specifics of the local sheep wool, the Karabakh carpets are characterized by the thick, tall fluffy pile. These carpets are known for their vivid and joyous colours. They are divided into four groups: without medallions, with medallions, namazlyk (prayer rug), and subject carpet. In the mountainous part of Karabakh, the carpets were made in Malybeili, Muradkhanly, Dashbulakh, Jebrail, Goradis, and many other villages.

17th to 18th century edit

 
Safavid era copper pitcher in National Museum of History of Azerbaijan

19th to early 20th centuries edit

Decorative art edit

 
Portraits in Sardar's Palace of Irevan in Erivan Fortress, painted by Mirza Gadim Irevani
 
Tree of life by Usta Gambar Karabakhi

From the 19th century to early 20th century several artists of the decorative arts who had no formal artistic education became famous. One, Mir Mohsun Navvab who also known as a poet, music theorist and calligrapherwas among the most famous artists of that time. His creations are important in art sphere. Ornamental wall paintings, images of flowers and birds, illustrations to his own manuscripts (Bahr-ul Khazan (The sea of sorrow), 1864) are typical of his creativity.[7]

Usta Gambar Garabaghi represents the national traditions of wall-painting (1830s–1905). He is famed for his works in the restoration of the Palace of Shaki Khans, paintings in the interiors of houses in Mehmandarov and Rustamov in Shusha and other cities. Paintings made by him did not break up the flatness of walls but emphasized their architectural details. His new works were distinguished for the growth of realistic features.[8]

Landscapes, images of flowers and patterns of decorative-applied art made by poet Khurshidbanu Natavan should also be noted. She also decorated her poems with lyric art motifs.[9] Artists such as Avazali Mughanli (Kalila and Dimna, 1809), Mirza Aligulu (Shahnameh 1850), Najafgulu Shamakhili (Yusuf and Zulaikha, 1887) and others were among the famous Azerbaijani miniature painters of that time.

Easel painting edit

 
Refugee Woman by Bahruz Kangarli, 1920
 
Azerbaijani woman by Abbas Huseyni, 1908

The new progressive visual arts of Azerbaijan faced a delay in development in the 19th century. The development of realistic easel painting was extremely slow.[7][clarification needed]

The origins of easel painting in Azerbaijani visual arts began in this period, but works of the period such as portraits painted in Irevan "were still firmly connected to traditions of the eastern miniature of middle ages".[8]

A painter Mirza Gadim Iravani, who also had no professional artistic education, is famous mainly as a portrait artist. Dancer, Dervish, Strongman and Cavalryman are his most popular works. His works are housed in the National Art Museum of Azerbaijan. A portrait of a young man, a portrait of a sitting woman, and others are among these works. Iravani, whose works were firmly connected to traditions of the eastern miniature of medieval ages, laid down the foundations of the realistic easel painting in Azerbaijan.[7]

 
Golden Woman belt. Shabaka technique. National Museum of History of Azerbaijan.
 
Golden brooch with diamond, emerald, ruby. National Museum of History of Azerbaijan.

Paintings in Sardar's Palace in Irevan and also portraits of Fath Ali Shah, Abbas Mirza, Mah Talat khanim and Vajullah Mirza are among the famous works of Mirza Gadim Iravani. Besides these portraits he also painted a portrait of the Unknown Warrior.[7] The palace was demolished in 1914 and four great portraits on the walls of the palace and also paintings on the walls of houses in Shusha were also destroyed.[7]

Timur's Portrait by Mir Mohsun Navvab painted with watercolours in 1902 and now housed in the National Art Museum of Azerbaijan in Baku is also famous.

The genre of satiric graphics appeared with the publication of Molla Nasraddin magazine at the beginning of the 20th century and the development of book publishing. Artists of the magazine such as O.Schemrling, I.Rotter, A.Azimzade and K.Musayev actively worked in this sphere of arts. Azim Azimzade is a founder of satiric graphics of Azerbaijan.[10] His sharp caricatures and grotesques scoffing at social inequality, ignorance, fanaticism and oppression by Tsarism are also famous. His series of watercolour paintings called Hundred Types, dedicated to freedom of women, atheism and political motifs, and also the illustrations of Mirza Alakbar Sabir's Hophopname collection of works are famous.

Bahruz Kangarli is the first Azerbaijani artist who got a professional education was one of the founders of the realistic easel arts of Azerbaijan He created landscapes such as Ilanly Mountain Under the Moonlight, Before the Dawn and Spring. He also created portraits of unfortunate people in his Refugees series and everyday life compositions Matchmaking and Wedding. His album Memory of Nakhchivan consisting of twenty landscapes is housed in the National Art Museum of Azerbaijan.

Kangarli drew outlines of costumes for Deadmen (J.Mammadguluzadeh), Haji Gara (M.F.Akhundov), Peri Jaud (A.Hagverdiyev) and other plays staged in Nakhchivan, in 1910.

20th century edit

Azerbaijan Democratic Republic edit

The Independence Museum of Azerbaijan, where the national symbols of Azerbaijan (the national coat of arms and national flag) were created, was founded in Baku in 1919, after the establishment of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. Meetings dedicated to the conservation of historical monuments were held in the museum. At that time the magazine Füyuzat was published by Ali bey Huseynzade, the eminent philosopher, journalist and artist of that time and a pioneer of the art of oil painting in Azerbaijan.[11][failed verification] Huseynzade's most famous works are Bibi-Heybat Mosque and the Portrait of the Sheikh ul-Islam.[11][failed verification]

Soviet Azerbaijan edit

New type of arts were developing in Azerbaijan after the establishment of the Soviet regime in Azerbaijan in 1920. The first art school where new genres of visual arts were created, was opened in 1920, in Baku.[12]

 
Holiday in village. Azim Azimzade, 1930s.

In the 1930s, artists such as Azim Azimzade, Farhad Khalilov, H. Khaligov, I. Akhundov, A. Hajiyev, M. A. Vlasov, K. Kazimzade, A. Mammadov and others worked in the graphic design sphere. Illustrations for books by Azerbaijani and foreign writers were drawn. Placards relating to the themes of that time were also created.

In 1928, the first art exhibition of the Azerbaijani Union of Young Artists was held. In the 1930s, the exhibition of the Azerbaijani Union of Revolutionary Visual Arts achieved great success.

In 1932, the Committee of Azerbaijani Artists was created. During that period, works such as Grape harvesting by S. Sharifzade, Azim Azimzade's portrait by H. Hagverdiyev, and Portrait of Nizami Ganjavi by Gazanfar Khaligov were famous. Works by Mikayil Abdullayev, B. Mirzazade, B. Aliyeva, Sattar Bahlulzade and K. Khanlarova should also be mentioned. The first Congress of Azerbaijani artists was held in 1940.

Generally, political placards and satiric caricatures were drawn during World War II. Well-known artists as H. Khaligov, I. Akhundov, A. Hajiyev, and S. Sharifzade were creators of this type of art.


The mature stage in Azerbaijani visual arts began in the mid-1950s. Mikayil Abdullayev, Tahir Salahov, Vidadi Narimanbekov, Sattar Bahlulzade, Togrul Narimanbekov, Geysar Kashiyeva and others were famous artists of the Soviet Azerbaijan, in the second half of the 20th century.[13][14] Tahir Salahov is credited for pioneering a version of "severe realism" more truthful to the grim realities of workers' lives than the bright certainties of Socialist Realism.[15]

B. Aliyev, I. Feyzullayev, A. Mammadov, A. Verdiyev and others portrayed subjects of labour and industry in their works. But the works of Elbey Rzaguliyev, T. Sadighzade, Arif Huseynov, K. Najafzade and others are dedicated to the historic past, the traditions and customs of Azerbaijani people, to war and peace. J. Mirjavadova, N. Rahmanova, K. Ahmadova, G. Yunusova, S. Veysova, A. Ibrahimova, I. Mammadova, S. Mirzazade, F. Hashimova, F. Gulamova, A. Samadova and others painted mythological images.

Maral Rahmanzade was the first Azerbaijani woman artist with professional artistic education to achieve great success in the sphere of easel painting and book illustration.

21st century edit

Independent Azerbaijan edit

 
Baku Museum of Modern Art

The beginning of the 21st century can be considered as a period of stabilization and revitalization, noted by Teymur Daimi in 2001 for the catalogue of international exhibition published in English and French in Strasbourg in 2002.[16]


The Maiden Tower International Art Festival has been organized since 2010 with the aim to promote globally the Maiden Tower in Old City of Baku, included on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 2000, and considered the symbol of Baku.[17] In 2012, Azerbaijan staged the 2012 Baku Public Art Festival, the country's first modern art festival.[18]

As of the 2000s, fine-art photography has become popular in Azerbaijan, with names such as Rena Effendi hosting exhibitions in London and New York City.[15]

In 2010, the art of Azerbaijani carpet weaving in Azerbaijan was added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.[19] Taking into account its socio-economic importance, Azerbaijani folk applied art, particularly carpet weaving, has been the subject of special attention by the government to preserve, study, promote and develop the carpet weaving traditions of Azerbaijani people.[20][21] In this regard, the Law "On the protection and development of carpet art of Azerbaijan" was adopted in December 2004.[22] Carpet Weaver Day began to be celebrated on May 5 according to a Presidential Decree,[23] the new building for the Azerbaijan Carpet Museum designed by Austrian architect Franz Janz in the shape of a rolled carpet was constructed between 2007 and 2014.[24] In addition, the state program on the "Protection and development of carpet art in the Republic of Azerbaijan 2018–2022" was approved in February 2018 by President Ilham Aliyev.[21]

Azerbaijani and Western Art museums of Azerbaijan edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape". World Heritage Convention. from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  2. ^ "Наскальные рисунки Гямигая" (PDF). irs-az.com. (PDF) from the original on 2014-03-08. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  3. ^ Бретаницкий, Л. С.; Веймарн, Б. В. (PDF). elibrary.az. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 15, 2010. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  4. ^ "Художественная энциклопедия". dic.academic.ru. from the original on 2010-12-08. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  6. ^ . www.kmt.az. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  7. ^ a b c d e . Archived from the original on 2018-10-08. Retrieved 2014-10-26.
  8. ^ a b Под общ. ред. Б.В. Веймарна, Ю.Д. Колпинског (1964). Всеобщая история искусств. Vol. 5. Moscow: Искусство.
  9. ^ . azeri.ws. Archived from the original on October 26, 2014. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  10. ^ "Азимзаде Азим Аслан оглы в Большой советской". bse.sci-lib.com. from the original on 2014-07-22. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  11. ^ a b Jonathan M. Bloom, Sheila Blair (2009). The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. p. 513. ISBN 9780195309911.
  12. ^ . mct.gov.az. Archived from the original on July 20, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  13. ^ "Azerbaijani Artists". www.arthistoryarchive.com. Retrieved November 6, 2014.
  14. ^ История живописи Азербайджана. www.azerbaijans.com (in Russian). Retrieved November 6, 2014.
  15. ^ a b Crichton-Miller, Emma (27 November 2009). "Azeri Artists Take on the World". The New York Times. Retrieved November 6, 2014.
  16. ^ "Изобразительное искусство Азербайджана конца II начала III тысячелетия Сообщество любителей изящных искусств". www.baku.ru. Retrieved 2019-08-12.
  17. ^ . www.heydar-aliyev-foundation.org. Archived from the original on 7 November 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  18. ^ Michalska, Julia. "Azerbaijan stages first art festival". www.theartnewspaper.com. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  19. ^ "UNESCO - Traditional art of Azerbaijani carpet weaving in the Republic of Azerbaijan". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 2019-09-18.
  20. ^ "UNESCO - Traditional art of Azerbaijani carpet weaving in the Republic of Azerbaijan". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 2019-09-18.
  21. ^ a b "On the approval of the State Program for the "Protection and development of carpet art in the Republic of Azerbaijan 2018-2022"". Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan - Database of Regulatory Legal Acts. Retrieved 2019-09-18.
  22. ^ "Law "On the protection and development of carpet art of Azerbaijan"". Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan - Database of Regulatory Legal Acts. Retrieved 2019-09-18.
  23. ^ . vestnikkavkaza.net. Archived from the original on 2018-05-05. Retrieved 2019-09-18.
  24. ^ . azcarpetmuseum.az. Archived from the original on 2018-10-15. Retrieved 2019-09-18.

azerbaijani, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, march, 2021, l. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Azerbaijani art news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Azerbaijani art Azerbaijani Azerbaycan tesviri seneti is the art created by Azerbaijanis They have created rich and distinctive art a major part of which is applied art items This form of art rooted in antiquity is represented by a wide range of handicrafts such as chasing metalworking jewellery making engraving carving wood stone and bone carpet making lacing pattern weaving and printing and knitting and embroidery Each of these decorative arts is evidence of the culture and the abilities of the Azerbaijan nation and are very popular there Many interesting facts pertaining to the development of arts and crafts in Azerbaijan were reported by merchants travellers and diplomats who visited these places at different times Contents 1 Prehistoric art 2 Middle Ages 3 15th century 3 1 Azerbaijani rugs 4 17th to 18th century 5 19th to early 20th centuries 5 1 Decorative art 5 2 Easel painting 6 20th century 6 1 Azerbaijan Democratic Republic 6 2 Soviet Azerbaijan 7 21st century 7 1 Independent Azerbaijan 8 Azerbaijani and Western Art museums of Azerbaijan 9 See also 10 ReferencesPrehistoric art edit nbsp Rock paintings in GobustanImages reflecting magic totemic notions of ancient people their religious customs and hunting scenes carved on rocks in Gobustan is evidence of primitive art created in the Paleolithic epoch Carvings of men and women fishing scenes images of people dancing on the rocks galloping horses hunters a lonely figure of a reaper with a sickle round dances like the yalli folk dance boats with rowers solar signs and various wild animals have been portrayed and found there 1 Gamigaya Petroglyphs in the Ordubad District region date back from the fourth to the first centuries BC About 1 500 dislodged and carved rock paintings with images of deer goats bulls dogs snakes birds fantastic beings people carriages and various symbols have been discovered carved on basalt rocks 2 Middle Ages edit nbsp The stone cap of the 5th 6th centuries discovered in a temple in the Sudagilan settlement of the Mingachevir District with an inscription in Caucasian Albanian language 3 The development of old and the appearance of new cities favoured the development of caravan trade and the expansion of handicraft production Many cities are famed for rug weaving and the production of artistic ceramic jars gold and silver items A stone cap from the 5th 6th centuries discovered in the Sudagilan settlement of Mingachevir District is one of the most famous findings of that time A cup discovered in the village of Bartim village dating from the second to fourth centuries is kept in the Moscow Museum of History nbsp Ornament from the Momine Khatun Mausoleum in Nakhchivan 12th centuryThe seizure of Caucasian Albania by Arabs in the seventh century was of great importance to the further development of the visual arts Muslim Iranian and Arabic cultures began to spread in the territory of modern Azerbaijan The construction of mosques mausoleums castles and other cultic architectural monuments followed decorated with various patterns and ornaments calligraphic elements on epitaphs tile and bas reliefs Islamic restrictions on the portrayal of living beings stimulated the development of ornamental forms of decorative arts Ornaments on the Momine Khatun Mausoleum in Nakhchivan constructed in the epoch of the Seljuq and Khanegah on the shore of the Pirsaat River are monuments from that time nbsp Divankhana A fragment of a decoration Palace of the Shirvanshahs in Baku 15th century Small states appeared in the territory of Azerbaijan after the weakening of Arab Caliphate Local art schools were opened in cities such as Barda Shamakhi Beylagan Ganja Nakhchivan and Shabran Architectural schools in Nakchivan Shirvan Absheron and Tabriz are the most important among them Monuments and buildings of the Nakhchivan school are distinguished by their ceramic details which were one colour initially but then became multi coloured Ornamental motifs generally consisted of baked brick and tile Smooth stone walls were rarely used in architectural elements belong to the Shirvan Absheron architectural school Patterns of stone carving art geometric and plant ornaments have an important place in buildings belonging to this school of architecture The artistic value of divankhana rotunda pavilion from the Palace of the Shirvanshahs ensemble is determined by the perfection of the composition tectonics of architectural forms the virtuosity of painting and creation of ornaments according to L Bretatsinki and B Weymarn Stones with inscriptions and images of people and animals tiger camel horse bull and bird have been found in the Shirvanshahs architectural monument called Sabayil Castle constructed in the 13th century in Baku Bay 4 A deep carving style was a characteristics of friezes This monument has a pattern of sculptural art where inscriptions and salient images was a decisive factor in the decorative design of buildings Cultural traditions of ancient Caucasian Albania are preserved in the stone reliefs 5 The Bayil stones which had the characteristics of friezes included decorative elements on grand architectural monuments at that time Ceramic items discovered during archaeological excavations in Shabran and Baylagan provide evidence of the high level development of visual arts in the Middle Ages 15th century editAzerbaijani rugs edit Main articles Azerbaijani carpet weaving Azerbaijani rug Quba rugs and carpets Ganja rugs and Karabakh carpet nbsp Azerbaijani Embroidery from Ganja jpgAzerbaijani rugs are a product of Azerbaijan an ancient centre of carpet weaving Azerbaijan has also been known since ancient times as a centre of a large variety of other crafts Archaeological digs in the territory testify to well developed agriculture livestock raising metalworking pottery and ceramics and carpet weaving that date as far back as to the 2nd millennium BC The development of carpet weaving grew after Ismail I s takeover of the Safavid dynasty Azerbaijani carpets can be categorized into several large groups and a multitude of subgroups Scientific research on the Azerbaijani carpet is connected to Latif Karimov a prominent scientist and artist He classified carpets into four large groups in four geographical zones of Azerbaijan i e Guba Shirvan Ganja Kazakh Karabakh and Tabriz 6 The Karabakh carpet is one of five major regional groups of carpets made in Azerbaijan named after the Karabakh region which comprises present day Nagorno Karabakh and the adjacent lowland territories lowland Karabakh The Karabakh carpets amount to 33 compositions Due to the specifics of the local sheep wool the Karabakh carpets are characterized by the thick tall fluffy pile These carpets are known for their vivid and joyous colours They are divided into four groups without medallions with medallions namazlyk prayer rug and subject carpet In the mountainous part of Karabakh the carpets were made in Malybeili Muradkhanly Dashbulakh Jebrail Goradis and many other villages nbsp Ulduzlu carpet Kazakh school Azerbaijan Carpet Museum nbsp Govher carpet Karabakh school National Art Museum of Azerbaijan nbsp Shamakhi carpet Shirvan school Victoria and Albert Museum nbsp Ganja carpet Ganja school Azerbaijan Carpet Museum nbsp Khila Afshan carpet Baku school Azerbaijan Carpet Museum nbsp Prabadil carpet Quba school Azerbaijan Carpet Museum17th to 18th century edit nbsp Safavid era copper pitcher in National Museum of History of Azerbaijan19th to early 20th centuries editDecorative art edit nbsp Portraits in Sardar s Palace of Irevan in Erivan Fortress painted by Mirza Gadim Irevani nbsp Tree of life by Usta Gambar KarabakhiFrom the 19th century to early 20th century several artists of the decorative arts who had no formal artistic education became famous One Mir Mohsun Navvab who also known as a poet music theorist and calligrapherwas among the most famous artists of that time His creations are important in art sphere Ornamental wall paintings images of flowers and birds illustrations to his own manuscripts Bahr ul Khazan The sea of sorrow 1864 are typical of his creativity 7 Usta Gambar Garabaghi represents the national traditions of wall painting 1830s 1905 He is famed for his works in the restoration of the Palace of Shaki Khans paintings in the interiors of houses in Mehmandarov and Rustamov in Shusha and other cities Paintings made by him did not break up the flatness of walls but emphasized their architectural details His new works were distinguished for the growth of realistic features 8 Landscapes images of flowers and patterns of decorative applied art made by poet Khurshidbanu Natavan should also be noted She also decorated her poems with lyric art motifs 9 Artists such as Avazali Mughanli Kalila and Dimna 1809 Mirza Aligulu Shahnameh 1850 Najafgulu Shamakhili Yusuf and Zulaikha 1887 and others were among the famous Azerbaijani miniature painters of that time Easel painting edit nbsp Refugee Woman by Bahruz Kangarli 1920 nbsp Azerbaijani woman by Abbas Huseyni 1908 The new progressive visual arts of Azerbaijan faced a delay in development in the 19th century The development of realistic easel painting was extremely slow 7 clarification needed The origins of easel painting in Azerbaijani visual arts began in this period but works of the period such as portraits painted in Irevan were still firmly connected to traditions of the eastern miniature of middle ages 8 A painter Mirza Gadim Iravani who also had no professional artistic education is famous mainly as a portrait artist Dancer Dervish Strongman and Cavalryman are his most popular works His works are housed in the National Art Museum of Azerbaijan A portrait of a young man a portrait of a sitting woman and others are among these works Iravani whose works were firmly connected to traditions of the eastern miniature of medieval ages laid down the foundations of the realistic easel painting in Azerbaijan 7 nbsp Golden Woman belt Shabaka technique National Museum of History of Azerbaijan nbsp Golden brooch with diamond emerald ruby National Museum of History of Azerbaijan Paintings in Sardar s Palace in Irevan and also portraits of Fath Ali Shah Abbas Mirza Mah Talat khanim and Vajullah Mirza are among the famous works of Mirza Gadim Iravani Besides these portraits he also painted a portrait of the Unknown Warrior 7 The palace was demolished in 1914 and four great portraits on the walls of the palace and also paintings on the walls of houses in Shusha were also destroyed 7 Timur s Portrait by Mir Mohsun Navvab painted with watercolours in 1902 and now housed in the National Art Museum of Azerbaijan in Baku is also famous The genre of satiric graphics appeared with the publication of Molla Nasraddin magazine at the beginning of the 20th century and the development of book publishing Artists of the magazine such as O Schemrling I Rotter A Azimzade and K Musayev actively worked in this sphere of arts Azim Azimzade is a founder of satiric graphics of Azerbaijan 10 His sharp caricatures and grotesques scoffing at social inequality ignorance fanaticism and oppression by Tsarism are also famous His series of watercolour paintings called Hundred Types dedicated to freedom of women atheism and political motifs and also the illustrations of Mirza Alakbar Sabir s Hophopname collection of works are famous Bahruz Kangarli is the first Azerbaijani artist who got a professional education was one of the founders of the realistic easel arts of Azerbaijan He created landscapes such as Ilanly Mountain Under the Moonlight Before the Dawn and Spring He also created portraits of unfortunate people in his Refugees series and everyday life compositions Matchmaking and Wedding His album Memory of Nakhchivan consisting of twenty landscapes is housed in the National Art Museum of Azerbaijan Kangarli drew outlines of costumes for Deadmen J Mammadguluzadeh Haji Gara M F Akhundov Peri Jaud A Hagverdiyev and other plays staged in Nakhchivan in 1910 nbsp Tree of life painting on glass Karabakh National Art Museum of Azerbaijan nbsp Unknown Azerbaijani artist Portrait of Darvish Nurali Shah nbsp Landscape with mountains Bahruz Kangarli The early 20th century nbsp Portrait of Shaikh ul Islam Ali bey Huseynzade The early 20th century nbsp Portrait of Fuzuli Azim Azimzade 1914 20th century editAzerbaijan Democratic Republic edit The Independence Museum of Azerbaijan where the national symbols of Azerbaijan the national coat of arms and national flag were created was founded in Baku in 1919 after the establishment of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic Meetings dedicated to the conservation of historical monuments were held in the museum At that time the magazine Fuyuzat was published by Ali bey Huseynzade the eminent philosopher journalist and artist of that time and a pioneer of the art of oil painting in Azerbaijan 11 failed verification Huseynzade s most famous works are Bibi Heybat Mosque and the Portrait of the Sheikh ul Islam 11 failed verification Soviet Azerbaijan edit New type of arts were developing in Azerbaijan after the establishment of the Soviet regime in Azerbaijan in 1920 The first art school where new genres of visual arts were created was opened in 1920 in Baku 12 nbsp Holiday in village Azim Azimzade 1930s In the 1930s artists such as Azim Azimzade Farhad Khalilov H Khaligov I Akhundov A Hajiyev M A Vlasov K Kazimzade A Mammadov and others worked in the graphic design sphere Illustrations for books by Azerbaijani and foreign writers were drawn Placards relating to the themes of that time were also created In 1928 the first art exhibition of the Azerbaijani Union of Young Artists was held In the 1930s the exhibition of the Azerbaijani Union of Revolutionary Visual Arts achieved great success In 1932 the Committee of Azerbaijani Artists was created During that period works such as Grape harvesting by S Sharifzade Azim Azimzade s portrait by H Hagverdiyev and Portrait of Nizami Ganjavi by Gazanfar Khaligov were famous Works by Mikayil Abdullayev B Mirzazade B Aliyeva Sattar Bahlulzade and K Khanlarova should also be mentioned The first Congress of Azerbaijani artists was held in 1940 Generally political placards and satiric caricatures were drawn during World War II Well known artists as H Khaligov I Akhundov A Hajiyev and S Sharifzade were creators of this type of art The mature stage in Azerbaijani visual arts began in the mid 1950s Mikayil Abdullayev Tahir Salahov Vidadi Narimanbekov Sattar Bahlulzade Togrul Narimanbekov Geysar Kashiyeva and others were famous artists of the Soviet Azerbaijan in the second half of the 20th century 13 14 Tahir Salahov is credited for pioneering a version of severe realism more truthful to the grim realities of workers lives than the bright certainties of Socialist Realism 15 B Aliyev I Feyzullayev A Mammadov A Verdiyev and others portrayed subjects of labour and industry in their works But the works of Elbey Rzaguliyev T Sadighzade Arif Huseynov K Najafzade and others are dedicated to the historic past the traditions and customs of Azerbaijani people to war and peace J Mirjavadova N Rahmanova K Ahmadova G Yunusova S Veysova A Ibrahimova I Mammadova S Mirzazade F Hashimova F Gulamova A Samadova and others painted mythological images Maral Rahmanzade was the first Azerbaijani woman artist with professional artistic education to achieve great success in the sphere of easel painting and book illustration 21st century editIndependent Azerbaijan edit nbsp Baku Museum of Modern ArtThe beginning of the 21st century can be considered as a period of stabilization and revitalization noted by Teymur Daimi in 2001 for the catalogue of international exhibition published in English and French in Strasbourg in 2002 16 The Maiden Tower International Art Festival has been organized since 2010 with the aim to promote globally the Maiden Tower in Old City of Baku included on UNESCO s World Heritage List in 2000 and considered the symbol of Baku 17 In 2012 Azerbaijan staged the 2012 Baku Public Art Festival the country s first modern art festival 18 As of the 2000s fine art photography has become popular in Azerbaijan with names such as Rena Effendi hosting exhibitions in London and New York City 15 In 2010 the art of Azerbaijani carpet weaving in Azerbaijan was added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity 19 Taking into account its socio economic importance Azerbaijani folk applied art particularly carpet weaving has been the subject of special attention by the government to preserve study promote and develop the carpet weaving traditions of Azerbaijani people 20 21 In this regard the Law On the protection and development of carpet art of Azerbaijan was adopted in December 2004 22 Carpet Weaver Day began to be celebrated on May 5 according to a Presidential Decree 23 the new building for the Azerbaijan Carpet Museum designed by Austrian architect Franz Janz in the shape of a rolled carpet was constructed between 2007 and 2014 24 In addition the state program on the Protection and development of carpet art in the Republic of Azerbaijan 2018 2022 was approved in February 2018 by President Ilham Aliyev 21 Azerbaijani and Western Art museums of Azerbaijan editNational Museum of History of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Carpet Museum Heydar liyev Center Azim Azimzade s House Museum Bahruz Kangarli s House Museum Baku Museum of Miniature Books Baku Museum of Modern Art Gobustan National Park National Art Museum of Azerbaijan Nakhchivan Open air Museum Sattar Bahlulzade s House MuseumSee also editTogrul Narimanbekov Sattar Bahlulzade Azim Azimzade Iranian culture Iranian artReferences edit Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape World Heritage Convention Archived from the original on 2007 10 11 Retrieved March 1 2021 Naskalnye risunki Gyamigaya PDF irs az com Archived PDF from the original on 2014 03 08 Retrieved March 1 2021 Bretanickij L S Vejmarn B V Ocherki istorii i teorii izobrazitelnyh iskusstv PDF elibrary az Archived from the original PDF on February 15 2010 Retrieved March 1 2021 Hudozhestvennaya enciklopediya dic academic ru Archived from the original on 2010 12 08 Retrieved March 1 2021 Akademiya hudozhestv SSSR Institut teorii i istorii izobrazitelnyh iskusstv Vseobshaya istoriya iskusstv Tom 2 Iskusstvo srednih vekov Kniga vtoraya Iskusstvo Blizhnego i Srednego Vostoka Iskusstvo Azerbajdzhana Archived from the original on April 11 2016 Retrieved October 26 2014 Art KMT www kmt az Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 Retrieved 6 November 2014 a b c d e Gyunaj Dzhafarova Tvorchestvo M K Erivani nashedshee otrazhenie v issledovaniyah K Kerimova Archived from the original on 2018 10 08 Retrieved 2014 10 26 a b Pod obsh red B V Vejmarna Yu D Kolpinskog 1964 Vseobshaya istoriya iskusstv Vol 5 Moscow Iskusstvo Zhivopis Azerbajdzhana azeri ws Archived from the original on October 26 2014 Retrieved March 1 2021 Azimzade Azim Aslan ogly v Bolshoj sovetskoj bse sci lib com Archived from the original on 2014 07 22 Retrieved March 1 2021 a b Jonathan M Bloom Sheila Blair 2009 The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture Vol 2 Oxford University Press p 513 ISBN 9780195309911 Izobrazitelnoe iskusstvo v XIX pervoj polovine XX veka mct gov az Archived from the original on July 20 2012 Retrieved March 1 2021 Azerbaijani Artists www arthistoryarchive com Retrieved November 6 2014 Istoriya zhivopisi Azerbajdzhana www azerbaijans com in Russian Retrieved November 6 2014 a b Crichton Miller Emma 27 November 2009 Azeri Artists Take on the World The New York Times Retrieved November 6 2014 Izobrazitelnoe iskusstvo Azerbajdzhana konca II nachala III tysyacheletiya Soobshestvo lyubitelej izyashnyh iskusstv www baku ru Retrieved 2019 08 12 Maiden Tower International Art Festival www heydar aliyev foundation org Archived from the original on 7 November 2014 Retrieved 6 November 2014 Michalska Julia Azerbaijan stages first art festival www theartnewspaper com Retrieved 6 November 2014 UNESCO Traditional art of Azerbaijani carpet weaving in the Republic of Azerbaijan ich unesco org Retrieved 2019 09 18 UNESCO Traditional art of Azerbaijani carpet weaving in the Republic of Azerbaijan ich unesco org Retrieved 2019 09 18 a b On the approval of the State Program for the Protection and development of carpet art in the Republic of Azerbaijan 2018 2022 Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Database of Regulatory Legal Acts Retrieved 2019 09 18 Law On the protection and development of carpet art of Azerbaijan Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Database of Regulatory Legal Acts Retrieved 2019 09 18 Azerbaijan celebrates Carpet Weaver Day Vestnik Kavkaza vestnikkavkaza net Archived from the original on 2018 05 05 Retrieved 2019 09 18 Azerbaijan National Carpet Museum azcarpetmuseum az Archived from the original on 2018 10 15 Retrieved 2019 09 18 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Azerbaijani art amp oldid 1179624579, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.