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World Solar Challenge

January 09, 2023

The World Solar Challenge (WSC), since 2013 named Bridgestone World Solar Challenge,[1] is an international event for solar powered cars driving 3000 kilometres through the Australian outback.

Bridgestone World Solar Challenge
World Solar Challenge
VenueStuart Highway
LocationAustralia
Corporate sponsorBridgestone
First race1987
Last raceUnknown
Distance3,022 km (1,878 mi)
Duration4-7 days
Most wins (team)Nuon (Challenger)
Eindhoven (Cruiser)
3,000km route of World Solar Challenge.
Nuna 3 of seven time victors, Dutch Nuna team
The winner of 2009 Global Green Challenge, "Tokai Challenger", Japan Tokai University Solar Car Team

With the exception of a four-year gap between the 2019 and 2023 events, owing to the cancellation of the 2021 event,[2] the World Solar Challenge is typically held every two years. The course is over 3,022 kilometres (1,878 miles) through the Australian Outback, from Darwin, Northern Territory, to Adelaide, South Australia. The event was created to foster the development solar-powered vehicles.[3]

The WSC attracts teams from around the world, most of which are fielded by universities or corporations, although some are fielded by high schools. It has a 32-year history spanning fifteen events, with the inaugural event taking place in 1987. Initially held once every three years, the event became biennial from the turn of the century.

Since 2001 the WSC was won seven times out of ten efforts by the Nuna team and cars of the Delft University of Technology from the Netherlands. The Tokai Challenger, built by the Tokai University of Japan, was able to win 2009 and 2011. In the most recent edition (2019), the Belgian Agoria Solar Team from KU Leuven University won.

Starting in 2007, the WSC has multiple classes. After the German team of Bochum University of Applied Sciences competed with a four-wheeled, multi-seat car, the BoCruiser (in 2009), in 2013 a radically new "Cruiser Class" was introduced, stimulating the technological development of practically usable, and ideally road-legal, multi-seater solar vehicles. Since its inception, Solar Team Eindhoven's four- and five-seat Stella solar cars from Eindhoven University of Technology (Netherlands) won the Cruiser Class in all four events so far.

Remarkable technological progress has been achieved since the General Motors led, highly experimental, single-seat Sunraycer prototype first won the WSC with an average speed of 66.9 km/h (41.6 mph). Once competing cars became steadily more capable to match or exceed legal maximum speeds on the Australian highway, the challenge rules were consistently made more demanding and challenging — for instance after Honda's Dream car first won with an average speed exceeding 55 mph (88.5 km/h) in 1996. In 2005 the Dutch Nuna team were the first to beat an average speed of 100 km/h (62 mph).

The 2017 Cruiser class winner, the five-seat Stella Vie vehicle, was able to carry an average of 3.4 occupants at an average speed of 69 km/h (43 mph). Like its two predecessors, the vehicle was successfully road registered by the Dutch team, further emphasizing the great progress in real-world compliance and practicality that has been achieved.[4][5]

The WSC held its 30th anniversary event on 8–15 October 2017.

Objective

The objective of the challenge is to promote the innovation of solar-powered cars. It is a design competition at its core, and every team/car that successfully crosses the finish line is considered successful. Teams from universities and enterprises participate. In 2015, 43 teams from 23 countries competed in the challenge.[6]

Challenge strategy

Efficient balancing of power resources and power consumption is the key to success during the challenge. At any moment in time, the optimal driving speed depends on the weather forecast and the remaining capacity of the batteries. The team members in the escort cars will continuously remotely retrieve data from the solar car about its condition and use these data as input for prior developed computer programs to work out the best driving strategy.

It is equally important to charge the batteries as much as possible in periods of daylight when the car is not driving. To capture as much solar energy as possible, the solar panels are generally directed such that these are perpendicular to the incident sun rays. Sometimes the whole solar array is tilted for this purpose.

Important rules

  • The timed portion of the challenge stops at the outskirts of Adelaide, 2998 km from Darwin. However, for the timings recorded at that point to count, competitors must reach the official finish line in the centre of the city under solar power alone.
  • As the challenge utilises public roads, the cars have to adhere to the normal traffic regulations.
  • A minimum of 2 and maximum 4 drivers have to be registered. If the weight of a driver (including clothes) is less than 80 kg (180 lb), ballast will be added to make up the difference.
  • Driving time is between 8:00 and 17:00 (from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.). In order to select a suitable place for the overnight stop (alongside the highway) it is possible to extend the driving period for a maximum of 10 minutes, which extra driving time will be compensated by a starting time delay the next day.
  • At various points along the route there are checkpoints where every car has to pause for 30 minutes. Only limited maintenance tasks (no repairs) are allowed during these compulsory stops.
  • The capacity of the batteries is limited to a mass for each chemistry (such as Lithium Ion) equivalent to approximately 5 kWh maximum. At the start of the route, the batteries may be fully charged. Batteries may not be replaced during the competition, except in the situation of a breakdown. However, in that case, a penalty time will apply.
  • Except for the maximum outer dimensions, there are no further restrictions on the design and construction of the car.
  • The deceleration of the dual braking system must be at least 3.8 m/s² (149.6 in/s²).

Rule evolution

  • By 2005, several teams were handicapped by the South Australian speed limit of 110 km/h (68 mph), as well as the difficulties of support crews keeping up with 130 km/h (81 mph) solar vehicles. It was generally agreed that the challenge of building a solar vehicle capable of crossing Australia at vehicular speeds had been met and exceeded. A new challenge was set: to build a new generation of solar car, which, with little modification, could be the basis for a practical proposition for sustainable transport.
  • Entrants to the 2007 event chose between racing in the Adventure and Challenge classes. Challenge class cars were restricted to 6 square meters of Si solar collectors (a 25% reduction), and later to 3 square meters for GaAs, driver access and egress were required to be unaided, seating position upright, steering controlled with a steering wheel, and many new safety requirements were added. Competitors also had to adhere to the new 130 km/h (81 mph) speed limit across the Northern Territory portion of the Stuart Highway. The 2007 event again featured a range of supplementary classes, including the Greenfleet class, which features a range of non-solar energy-efficient vehicles exhibiting their fuel efficiency.
  • For the 2009 challenge class several new rules were adopted, including the use of profiled tyres. Battery weight limits depend on secondary cell chemistries so that competitors have similar energy storage capabilities. Battery mass is now 20 kg for Li-ion and Li-polymer battery (was reduced from 25 and 21 kg in the past).
  • In 2013, a new Cruiser Class was introduced. The route took place in four stages. Final placings were based on a combination of time taken (56.6%), number of passengers carried (5.7%), battery energy from the grid between stages (18.9%), and a subjective assessment of practicality (18.9%)
  • In the 2015 Cruiser Class regulations, the scoring formula emphasized practicality less than before. Elapsed time will account for 70% of the score, passengers 5%, grid energy use 15%, and practicality 10%.
  • In 2017, solar array areas were reduced, and the Cruiser Class was changed to a Regularity Trial, with scoring based on energy efficiency and practicality.

History

The idea for the competition originates from Danish-born adventurer Hans Tholstrup.[7][8] He was the first to circumnavigate the Australian continent in a 16-foot (4.9 m) open boat. At a later stage in his life he became involved in various competitions with fuel-saving cars and trucks. Already in the 1980s, he became aware of the necessity to explore sustainable energy as a replacement for the limited available fossil fuel. Sponsored by BP, he designed the world's first solar car, called The Quiet Achiever, and traversed the 4,052 km (2,518 mi) between Sydney, New South Wales and Perth, Western Australia in 20 days. That was the precursor of the WSC.

After the 4th event, he sold the rights to the state of South Australia and leadership of the event was assumed by Chris Selwood.

The event was held every three years until 1999 when it was switched to every two years.

1987

The first edition of the World Solar Challenge was run in 1987 when the winning entry, GM's Sunraycer won with an average speed of 67 km/h (42 mph).[9] Ford Australia's "Sunchaser" came in second. The "Solar Resource", which came in 7th overall, was first in the Private Entry category.[10]

1990

The 1990 WSC was won by the "Spirit of Biel", built by Biel School of Engineering and Architecture in Switzerland followed by Honda in second place.[11] Video coverage here.

1993

The 1993 WSC was won by the Honda Dream, and Biel School of Engineering and Architecture took second.[12] Video coverage here.

1996

In the 1996 WSC, the Honda Dream and Biel School of Engineering and Architecture once again placed first and second overall, respectively.[13]

1999

The 1999 WSC was finally won by a "home" team, the Australian Aurora team's Aurora 101 took the prize while Queen's University was the runner-up in the most closely contested WSC so far. The SunRayce class of American teams was won by Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[14]

2001

Main article: World Solar Challenge 2001

The 2001 WSC was won by Nuna of the Delft University of Technology from the Netherlands, participating for the first time. Aurora took second place.[15][16][17]

2003

Main article: World Solar Challenge 2003

In the 2003 WSC Nuna 2, the successor to the winner of 2001 won again, with an average speed of 97 km/h (60 mph), while Aurora took second place again.[18]

2005

Main article: World Solar Challenge 2005

In the 2005 WSC the top finishers were the same for the third consecutive event as Nuon's Nuna 3 won with a record average speed of 102.75 km/h (63.85 mph), and Aurora was the runner-up.[15]

2007

Main article: World Solar Challenge 2007

The 2007 WSC saw the Dutch Nuon Solar team score their fourth successive victory with Nuna 4 in the Challenge Class, averaging 90.07 km/h (55.97 mph) under the new, more restrictive rules, while the Belgian Punch Powertrain Solar Team's Umicar Infinity placed second.[19]

The Adventure Class was added this year, run under the old rules, and won by Japanese Ashiya team's Tiga.

The Japanese Ashiya team's Tiga won the Adventure Class, run under the old rules, with an average speed of 93.53 km/h (58.12 mph).

2009

 
In 2009, the BO-Cruiser prototype from Bochum (Germany) stood out by a more practical, real world design, sporting 4 wheels and multiple seats
Main article: World Solar Challenge 2009

The 2009 WSC was won by the "Tokai Challenger", built by the Tokai University Solar Car Team in Japan with an average speed of 100.54 km/h (62.47 mph). The longtime reigning champion Nuon Solar Team's Nuna 5 finished in second place.[20]

The Sunswift IV built by students at the University of New South Wales, Australia was the winner of the Silicon-based Solar Cell Class, while Japan's Osaka Sangyo University's OSU Model S won the Adventure class.

2011

Main article: World Solar Challenge 2011

In the 2011 WSC Tokai University took their second title with an updated "Tokai Challenger" averaging 91.54 km/h (56.88 mph), and finishing just an hour before Nuna 6 of the Delft University of Technology.[21] The challenge was marred by delays caused by wildfires.

2013

Main article: World Solar Challenge 2013

The 2013 WSC featured the introduction of the Cruiser Class, which comprised more 'practical' solar cars with 2–4 occupants. The inaugural winner was Solar Team Eindhoven's Stella from Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands with an average speed of 74.52 km/h (46.30 mph), while second place was taken by the PowerCore SunCruiser vehicle from team Hochschule Bochum in Germany, who inspired the creation of the Cruiser Class[citation needed] by racing more practical solar cars in previous WSC events. The Australian team, the University of New South Wales solar racing team Sunswift was the fastest competitor to complete the route, but was awarded third place overall after points were awarded for 'practicality' and for carrying passengers.[22]

 
The 2013 German PowerCore SunCruiser entry for the new for 2013 Cruiser Class

In the Challenger Class, the Dutch team from Delft University of Technology took back the title with Nuna 7 and an average speed of 90.71 km/h (56.36 mph), while defending champions Tokai University finished second after an exciting close competition, which saw a 10–30 minute distance, though they drained the battery in final stint due to bad weather and finished some 3 hours later; an opposite situation of the previous challenge in 2011.[23]

The Adventure Class was won by Aurora's Aurora Evolution.[24]

2015

 
In 2015 Solar team Eindhoven won the Cruiser Class again with their Stella Lux "family car".

The 2015 WSC was held on 15–25 October with the same classes as the 2013 challenge.

 
World Solar Challenge 2015-Parade at Victoria Square in Adelaide, Australia

In the Cruiser Class, the winner was once again Solar Team Eindhoven's Stella Lux from Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands with an average speed of 76.73 km/h (47.68 mph), while the second place team was Kogakuin University from Japan who was the first to cross the finish line, but did not receive as many points for passenger-kilometers and practicality. Bochum took 3rd place this year with the latest in their series of cruiser cars.[25]

In the Challenger Class, the team from Delft University of Technology retained the title with Nuna 8 and an average speed of 91.75 km/h (57.01 mph), while their Dutch counterparts, the University of Twente, who led most of the challenge, finished just 8 minutes behind them in second place, making 2015 the closest finish in WSC history. Tokai University passed the University of Michigan on the last day of the event to take home the bronze.[26]

The Adventure Class was won by the Houston High School solar car team from Houston, Mississippi, United States.[27]

2017

The 2017 WSC was held on 8–15 October, featuring the same classes as 2015. The Dutch NUON team won again in the Challenger class, which concluded on 2017-10-12, and in the Cruiser Class, the winner was once again Solar Team Eindhoven, from the Netherlands as well.[28]

2019

The 2019 WSC was held from 13–20 October. 53 teams from 24 countries entered the competition,[29][30] featuring the same three classes, Challenger (30 teams), Cruiser (23 teams) and Adventure.[31] In the Challenger class, Agoria Solar Team won their first ever World Solar Challenge. Tokai University Solar Car Team finished in second place.[32]

In the Cruiser class, Solar Team Eindhoven won their fourth consecutive title.[33] Despite flipping, crashing, and ruining their car multiple times, Team Sonnenwagen Aachen and friends still managed to beat other teams.

Several teams had mishaps. Vattenfall was leading when their car Nuna caught fire. The driver was uninjured, but the vehicle was destroyed. It was the first no-finish for that team in 20 years.[30] Others were badly affected by strong winds.

Dutch team Twente was leading the journey at 100 km/h (62 mph), when their car was forced off the road by winds and rolled over. The driver was taken to hospital. Within 30 minutes team Sonnenwagen was also blown off the road north of Coober Pedy, the driver was not hurt. An 80 km/h (50 mph) speed limit was then imposed by event officials, lifted when conditions improved. The day before, wind damage to solar panels put the team from Western Sydney University out of the challenge. The driver of Agoria from Belgium escaped injury when their vehicle was "uprooted" at 100 km/h (62 mph) by severe winds, but still went on to win the Challenger class.[30][34]

2021

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia the WSC closed entries three months earlier than normal, on 18 December 2020. They were then to "… review all current government measures relating to social distancing, density and contact tracing, international travel restrictions and isolation requirements."[35] On 12 February 2021, the South Australian Government confirmed the cancellation of the 2021 staging of the event. While the COVID-19 pandemic was not explicitly cited as the reason, the "complexities of international border closures" affecting Australia at the time appear to be the primary reason for the event's cancellation. The same statement also noted the next event would take place in October 2023 - at least 962 days from the date of announcement, and resulting in a four-year gap between events.[2] Registered teams should receive a full refund of all fees.[35]

See also

Other solar vehicle challenges

Movie

References

  1. ^ "Mission: Serving Society with Superior Quality". 2017 Bridgestone World Solar Challenge. Bridgestone. 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  2. ^ a b "2021 CHALLENGE UPDATE". worldsolarchallenge.org. South Australian Tourist Commission. 12 February 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2021. The 16th edition of the Bridgestone World Solar Challenge will not go ahead from 22-30 October this year.
  3. ^ "History". worldsolarchallenge.org. South Australian Tourism Commission. 9 February 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  4. ^ "KENTEKEN CHECK PP-301-S (Dutch public registration info for license-plate PP-301-S)" (in Dutch). Autoweek.nl. 6 August 2017. from the original on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  5. ^ . World Solar Challenge. 5 June 2015. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  6. ^ "An epic journey revisited". The People & Environment Blog. National Museum of Australia. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  7. ^ Barry, Courtney (22 October 2003). "RACING; Here They Come, as Fast as the Sun Will Carry Them". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  8. ^ 1987 World Solar Teams IFP Lab Site, Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  9. ^ Wakefield, Ernest H. (1 October 1998). History of the Electric Automobile (Softbound). SAE International. ISBN 978-0-7680-0125-9. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  10. ^ 1990 World Solar Challenge Teams IFP Lab Site, Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  11. ^ 1993 World Solar Challenge Entry List IFP lab site, Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  12. ^ 1996 World Solar Challenge Team IFP Lab Site, Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  13. ^ 1999 World Solar Challenge Teams IFP Lab Site, Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  14. ^ a b . World Solar Challenge. 4 June 2014. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  15. ^ . World Solar Challenge. 27 November 2001. Archived from the original on 13 June 2002. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  16. ^ . World Solar Challenge. Archived from the original on 6 June 2002. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  17. ^ "Zero to Darwin Project - 2003WSC - Final result". www.zdp.co.jp (in Japanese). 28 October 2003. from the original on 3 January 2005. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  18. ^ WSC 2007 results
  19. ^ WSC 2009 results
  20. ^ WSC 2011 results
  21. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  22. ^ WSC 2013 Challenger class results
  23. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  24. ^ WSC 2015 Cruiser class results
  25. ^ WSC 2015 Challenger class results
  26. ^ "WSC 2015 Adventure class results" (PDF). World Solar Challenge. 6 November 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  27. ^ . World Solar Challenge. Archived from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  28. ^ . www.worldsolarchallenge.org. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  29. ^ a b c Slessor, Camron; Campbell, Claire (17 October 2019). "Leading car at World Solar Challenge bursts into flames forcing team Vattenfall out of challenge". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  30. ^ "Chasing the sun: the World Solar Challenge 2019". The Guardian. 19 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  31. ^ "Agoria claims first title". worldsolarchallenge.org. South Australian Tourism Commission. 17 October 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  32. ^ "It's cruise control all the way for Solar Team Eindhoven". worldsolarchallenge.org. South Australian Tourism Commission. 21 October 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  33. ^ Campbell, Claire; Opie, Rebecca (16 October 2019). "Two cars blown off road during World Solar Challenge near Coober Pedy". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  34. ^ a b "COVID-19 and the Bridgestone World Solar Challenge". worldsolarchallenge.org. South Australian Tourism Commission. 7 October 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2021.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to World Solar Challenge.
  • Official website  
  • Images from Alice Springs, Australia – 2007

January 09, 2023
world, solar, challenge, this, article, lead, section, long, length, article, please, help, moving, some, material, from, into, body, article, please, read, layout, guide, lead, section, guidelines, ensure, section, will, still, inclusive, essential, details, . This article s lead section may be too long for the length of the article Please help by moving some material from it into the body of the article Please read the layout guide and lead section guidelines to ensure the section will still be inclusive of all essential details Please discuss this issue on the article s talk page February 2021 The World Solar Challenge WSC since 2013 named Bridgestone World Solar Challenge 1 is an international event for solar powered cars driving 3000 kilometres through the Australian outback Bridgestone World Solar ChallengeWorld Solar ChallengeVenueStuart HighwayLocationAustraliaCorporate sponsorBridgestoneFirst race1987Last raceUnknownDistance3 022 km 1 878 mi Duration4 7 daysMost wins team Nuon Challenger Eindhoven Cruiser 3 000km route of World Solar Challenge Nuna 3 of seven time victors Dutch Nuna team The winner of 2009 Global Green Challenge Tokai Challenger Japan Tokai University Solar Car Team With the exception of a four year gap between the 2019 and 2023 events owing to the cancellation of the 2021 event 2 the World Solar Challenge is typically held every two years The course is over 3 022 kilometres 1 878 miles through the Australian Outback from Darwin Northern Territory to Adelaide South Australia The event was created to foster the development solar powered vehicles 3 The WSC attracts teams from around the world most of which are fielded by universities or corporations although some are fielded by high schools It has a 32 year history spanning fifteen events with the inaugural event taking place in 1987 Initially held once every three years the event became biennial from the turn of the century Since 2001 the WSC was won seven times out of ten efforts by the Nuna team and cars of the Delft University of Technology from the Netherlands The Tokai Challenger built by the Tokai University of Japan was able to win 2009 and 2011 In the most recent edition 2019 the Belgian Agoria Solar Team from KU Leuven University won Starting in 2007 the WSC has multiple classes After the German team of Bochum University of Applied Sciences competed with a four wheeled multi seat car the BoCruiser in 2009 in 2013 a radically new Cruiser Class was introduced stimulating the technological development of practically usable and ideally road legal multi seater solar vehicles Since its inception Solar Team Eindhoven s four and five seat Stella solar cars from Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands won the Cruiser Class in all four events so far Remarkable technological progress has been achieved since the General Motors led highly experimental single seat Sunraycer prototype first won the WSC with an average speed of 66 9 km h 41 6 mph Once competing cars became steadily more capable to match or exceed legal maximum speeds on the Australian highway the challenge rules were consistently made more demanding and challenging for instance after Honda s Dream car first won with an average speed exceeding 55 mph 88 5 km h in 1996 In 2005 the Dutch Nuna team were the first to beat an average speed of 100 km h 62 mph The 2017 Cruiser class winner the five seat Stella Vie vehicle was able to carry an average of 3 4 occupants at an average speed of 69 km h 43 mph Like its two predecessors the vehicle was successfully road registered by the Dutch team further emphasizing the great progress in real world compliance and practicality that has been achieved 4 5 The WSC held its 30th anniversary event on 8 15 October 2017 Contents 1 Objective 2 Challenge strategy 3 Important rules 3 1 Rule evolution 4 History 4 1 1987 4 2 1990 4 3 1993 4 4 1996 4 5 1999 4 6 2001 4 7 2003 4 8 2005 4 9 2007 4 10 2009 4 11 2011 4 12 2013 4 13 2015 4 14 2017 4 15 2019 4 16 2021 5 See also 5 1 Other solar vehicle challenges 5 2 Movie 6 References 7 External linksObjective EditThe objective of the challenge is to promote the innovation of solar powered cars It is a design competition at its core and every team car that successfully crosses the finish line is considered successful Teams from universities and enterprises participate In 2015 43 teams from 23 countries competed in the challenge 6 Challenge strategy EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed February 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Efficient balancing of power resources and power consumption is the key to success during the challenge At any moment in time the optimal driving speed depends on the weather forecast and the remaining capacity of the batteries The team members in the escort cars will continuously remotely retrieve data from the solar car about its condition and use these data as input for prior developed computer programs to work out the best driving strategy It is equally important to charge the batteries as much as possible in periods of daylight when the car is not driving To capture as much solar energy as possible the solar panels are generally directed such that these are perpendicular to the incident sun rays Sometimes the whole solar array is tilted for this purpose Important rules EditThe timed portion of the challenge stops at the outskirts of Adelaide 2998 km from Darwin However for the timings recorded at that point to count competitors must reach the official finish line in the centre of the city under solar power alone As the challenge utilises public roads the cars have to adhere to the normal traffic regulations A minimum of 2 and maximum 4 drivers have to be registered If the weight of a driver including clothes is less than 80 kg 180 lb ballast will be added to make up the difference Driving time is between 8 00 and 17 00 from 8 a m to 5 p m In order to select a suitable place for the overnight stop alongside the highway it is possible to extend the driving period for a maximum of 10 minutes which extra driving time will be compensated by a starting time delay the next day At various points along the route there are checkpoints where every car has to pause for 30 minutes Only limited maintenance tasks no repairs are allowed during these compulsory stops The capacity of the batteries is limited to a mass for each chemistry such as Lithium Ion equivalent to approximately 5 kWh maximum At the start of the route the batteries may be fully charged Batteries may not be replaced during the competition except in the situation of a breakdown However in that case a penalty time will apply Except for the maximum outer dimensions there are no further restrictions on the design and construction of the car The deceleration of the dual braking system must be at least 3 8 m s 149 6 in s Rule evolution Edit By 2005 several teams were handicapped by the South Australian speed limit of 110 km h 68 mph as well as the difficulties of support crews keeping up with 130 km h 81 mph solar vehicles It was generally agreed that the challenge of building a solar vehicle capable of crossing Australia at vehicular speeds had been met and exceeded A new challenge was set to build a new generation of solar car which with little modification could be the basis for a practical proposition for sustainable transport Entrants to the 2007 event chose between racing in the Adventure and Challenge classes Challenge class cars were restricted to 6 square meters of Si solar collectors a 25 reduction and later to 3 square meters for GaAs driver access and egress were required to be unaided seating position upright steering controlled with a steering wheel and many new safety requirements were added Competitors also had to adhere to the new 130 km h 81 mph speed limit across the Northern Territory portion of the Stuart Highway The 2007 event again featured a range of supplementary classes including the Greenfleet class which features a range of non solar energy efficient vehicles exhibiting their fuel efficiency For the 2009 challenge class several new rules were adopted including the use of profiled tyres Battery weight limits depend on secondary cell chemistries so that competitors have similar energy storage capabilities Battery mass is now 20 kg for Li ion and Li polymer battery was reduced from 25 and 21 kg in the past In 2013 a new Cruiser Class was introduced The route took place in four stages Final placings were based on a combination of time taken 56 6 number of passengers carried 5 7 battery energy from the grid between stages 18 9 and a subjective assessment of practicality 18 9 In the 2015 Cruiser Class regulations the scoring formula emphasized practicality less than before Elapsed time will account for 70 of the score passengers 5 grid energy use 15 and practicality 10 In 2017 solar array areas were reduced and the Cruiser Class was changed to a Regularity Trial with scoring based on energy efficiency and practicality History EditThe idea for the competition originates from Danish born adventurer Hans Tholstrup 7 8 He was the first to circumnavigate the Australian continent in a 16 foot 4 9 m open boat At a later stage in his life he became involved in various competitions with fuel saving cars and trucks Already in the 1980s he became aware of the necessity to explore sustainable energy as a replacement for the limited available fossil fuel Sponsored by BP he designed the world s first solar car called The Quiet Achiever and traversed the 4 052 km 2 518 mi between Sydney New South Wales and Perth Western Australia in 20 days That was the precursor of the WSC After the 4th event he sold the rights to the state of South Australia and leadership of the event was assumed by Chris Selwood The event was held every three years until 1999 when it was switched to every two years 1987 Edit The first edition of the World Solar Challenge was run in 1987 when the winning entry GM s Sunraycer won with an average speed of 67 km h 42 mph 9 Ford Australia s Sunchaser came in second The Solar Resource which came in 7th overall was first in the Private Entry category 10 ResultsPosition Car No Team Country Car Name Race Timer HRS MIN Avg Speed km h Avg Speed mi h 1 88 General Motors United States Sunraycer 44 90 66 90 41 572 7 Australian Ford Aurora Australia Sunchaser 67 53 44 48 27 643 17 Ingenieurschule Biel Switzerland Spirit of Biel 69 97 42 94 26 684 1 Australian Geographic Australia Marsupial 81 43 36 89 22 925 15 Charles Darwin University Australia Desert Rose 95 45 31 47 19 556 12 Chisholm Institute of Technology Australia Desert Cat 98 20 30 59 19 017 11 Solar Resource Syndicate Australia8 19 Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Solectrica 49 14 Alarus Australia Alarus10 3 Chariot of the Sun Denmark Chariot of the Sun11 5 Hoxan Corporation Japan Pheobus II12 8 Morphett Vale High School Australia Photon Flyer13 4 Semiconductor Energy Lab Japan Southern Cross1990 Edit The 1990 WSC was won by the Spirit of Biel built by Biel School of Engineering and Architecture in Switzerland followed by Honda in second place 11 Video coverage here ResultsPosition Team Country Race Timer HRS Avg speed km h Avg speed mi h 1 Ingenieurschule Biel Switzerland 46 13 65 412 Honda R amp D Japan 55 00 55 343 University of Michigan United States 57 25 53 334 Hoxan Japan 57 35 53 335 Western Washington University United States 58 20 54 326 Australian Energy Research Laboratory Australia 59 90 50 317 University of Maryland United States 60 71 50 318 Crowder College United States 62 96 48 309 Barossa Australia 63 29 48 3010 Cal State LA United States 67 76 44 2811 Cal Poly Pomona United States 68 03 44 2812 Northern Territory University Australia 69 61 43 2713 Monash University Melbourne University Australia 69 81 43 2714 Kyocera Japan 71 38 42 2615 Star Micronics Pty Ltd Australia 80 06 38 2316 Simon Co Ltd Japan 90 94 33 2117 Dimitri Lajovic Australia 94 71 32 2018 Konawaena High School United States 96 21 31 2019 Dripstone High School Australia 96 57 31 1920 Annesley College Australia 96 83 31 1921 Hirotaka Oyabu Japan 96 83 30 1922 Waseda University Japan 96 83 30 1923 Stewart Lister New Zealand 96 83 29 1824 Queens University Canada 96 83 26 1625 Aisin Seiki Co AISOL Japan 96 83 25 1626 Yamawaki Japan 96 83 22 1427 Solar Research Association 96 83 21 1328 Semiconductor Energy Lab Japan 96 83 21 1329 Helio Det Germany 96 83 20 1330 Michiro Eguchi Japan 96 83 19 1231 Sonderborg Teknikum Denmark32 Morphett Value High School Australia retired 16 1033 Phil Farrand UK retired 12 834 Nobuaki Hosokawa Japan retired 3 235 Mark Jensen retired 13 81993 Edit The 1993 WSC was won by the Honda Dream and Biel School of Engineering and Architecture took second 12 Video coverage here ResultsPosition Team Country Race Timer HRS MIN Avg speed km h Avg speed mi h 1 Honda R amp D Japan 35 28 84 96 52 792 Eng Col Biel Switzerland 38 30 78 27 48 643 Kyocera Japan 42 35 70 76 43 974 Waseda University Japan 42 50 70 35 43 715 Aurora Australia 43 00 70 08 43 556 Toyota Japan 46 34 64 71 40 217 Northern Territory University Australia 46 50 64 34 39 988 Cal Poly Pomona United States 47 21 63 64 39 549 George Washington University United States 47 46 63 08 39 2010 Zero 2 Darwin Australia 48 38 61 96 38 5011 University of Michigan United States 49 07 61 35 38 1212 Nissan Motor Company Japan 50 21 59 85 37 1913 Cal State LA United States 50 37 59 53 36 9914 Stanford University United States 51 38 58 36 36 2615 Philips Solar Kiwi New Zealand 60 36 49 72 30 9016 Mabuchi Motor Japan 60 57 49 44 30 7217 Sofix Japan 64 56 46 41 28 8418 Tokai University Japan 74 22 40 52 25 1819 Monash University Melbourne University Australia 74 50 40 27 25 0220 Laughing Sun Japan 75 48 39 75 24 7021 Mino Family Japan 76 21 39 47 24 5322 University of Oklahoma United States 79 37 37 85 23 5223 Sonderborg Tekikum Denmark 79 43 37 80 23 4924 Ashiya University Japan 79 48 37 76 23 4625 Dripstone High School Australia 81 17 37 76 23 0326 Panda san Japan 84 15 35 77 22 2327 Solar Flair UK 84 57 35 47 22 0428 KIA Motors South Korea 85 27 35 26 21 9129 Team Alarus Australia 86 42 34 76 21 5030 Annesley College Australia 87 35 34 48 21 3831 Hokuriku Electric Japan 89 47 33 56 20 8532 Hokkaido Auto Japan 87 30 32 08 19 9333 Team Doraemon Japan 79 50 34 77 21 6134 Solar Japan Japan 80 10 31 73 19 7235 Mitcham Girls High School Australia 80 10 27 39 17 0236 Morphett Vale High School Australia 67 13 31 33 19 4737 University of Puerto Rico United States 62 36 30 08 18 6938 Team New England United States 53 02 28 13 17 4839 Le Soleil Japan 56 34 26 38 16 3940 University of Western Ontario Canada 63 51 23 37 14 5241 Team TR50 UK 71 20 20 92 13 0042 San Diego State University Suntrakker United States 52 10 20 55 12 7743 Northern Territory Institute of T A F E Australia 37 34 26 22 16 2944 Meadowbank T A F E Australia 26 17 24 05 14 9445 Villanova University United States 20 50 15 07 9 3646 JCJS Solar Car Japan 21 55 14 33 8 9047 Banana Enterprise Brazil 16 40 15 12 9 4048 Hama Yumeka Japan 15 25 15 03 9 3449 Team Heliox Switzerland 08 23 24 69 15 3450 Team Moscow Russia 03 35 9 77 6 07Pink background indicated teams that retired before completing the Darwin to Adelaide route1996 Edit In the 1996 WSC the Honda Dream and Biel School of Engineering and Architecture once again placed first and second overall respectively 13 ResultsPlace Car no Team name Country Time and day of finish Time hr mm Average speed km h Total distance1 1 Honda R amp D Japan Finished 17 26 30th 33 32 89 76 30102 2 United High Schools of Biel Switzerland Finished 10 10 31st 35 00 86 00 30103 3 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd Japan Finished 12 26 31st 37 18 80 70 30104 33 Mitsubishi Japan Finished 11 17 1st 45 07 66 72 30105 52 University of Queensland Australia Finished 12 34 1st 46 24 64 87 30106 23 Waseda University Japan Finished 12 48 1st 46 38 64 55 30107 15 Northern Territory University Australia Finished 14 12 1st 48 02 62 66 30108 24 O S U Japan Finished 16 02 1st 49 52 60 36 30109 99 University of New South Wales Australia Finished 13 42 2nd 56 32 53 24 301010 60 Tokyo Salesian Polytechnic Japan Finished 09 36 3rd 61 26 49 00 301011 100 Queens University Canada Finished 09 39 3rd 61 29 48 96 301012 96 University of Western Ontario Canada Finished 12 09 3rd 63 59 47 04 301013 10 Tokai HS Japan Finished 13 45 3rd 65 35 45 90 301014 20 Mino Family Japan Finished 15 07 3rd 66 57 44 96 301015 17 Tokai University Japan Finished 15 20 3rd 67 10 44 81 301016 5 Lake Tuggeranong College Australia Finished 15 25 3rd 67 15 44 76 301017 88 Crested Ibis Japan Finished 16 01 3rd 67 51 44 36 301018 53 SunBa Brazil Finished 16 01 3rd 68 43 43 80 301019 777 Team Kataro Japan Finished 17 46 3rd 70 12 42 88 301020 8 Helios France Finished 09 59 4th 70 49 42 50 301021 400 France for W S C France Finished 10 41 4th 71 31 42 90 301022 6 Hokkaido Automo Eng College Japan Finished 11 32 4th 72 22 41 59 301023 2001 Kirenjaku Japan Finished 12 27 4th 73 17 41 07 301024 45 Nippon Electronics College Japan Finished 12 44 4th 73 34 40 91 301025 16 UC Berkeley Stanford University United States Finished 13 27 4th 74 17 40 52 301026 32 Soenderborg Teknikum Denmark Finished 13 31 4th 74 21 40 48 301027 66 Northern Sun Canada Finished 13 35 4th 74 25 40 45 301028 999 Jona Sun Japan Finished 15 09 4th 75 59 39 61 301029 49 Yokohama National University Japan Finished 10 14 5th 80 04 37 59 301030 69 Pumpkinseed Japan Finished 12 54 5th 82 44 36 38 301031 18 Annesley College Australia Finished 14 01 5th 83 51 35 90 301032 9 South Bank University UK Finished 14 14 5th 84 04 35 80 3010 11 Los Altos High School Hacienda Heights California United States North of Adelaide 19 Akita Japan North of Adelaide 29 Mexico Team Mexico withdrawn 1927 2 21 Detlef Schmitz Germany withdrawn 16901999 Edit The 1999 WSC was finally won by a home team the Australian Aurora team s Aurora 101 took the prize while Queen s University was the runner up in the most closely contested WSC so far The SunRayce class of American teams was won by Massachusetts Institute of Technology 14 ResultsPlace Car no Team Car name Class Country Date in Time in Distance km Total Time HH MM Avg Speed km h 1 101 Aurora Aurora Silicon Exotic Australia Oct 21 16 36 2998 7 41 06 72 962 100 Queens University Radiance Silicon Exotic Canada Oct 21 17 03 2998 7 41 33 72 123 52 University of Queensland Sunshark Silicon Exotic Australia Oct 22 08 20 2998 7 41 50 71 864 15 Northern Territory University Desert Rose Silicon Exotic Australia Oct 22 08 44 2998 7 42 14 71 005 3 Kanazawa Institute of Technology KIT Golden Eagle Silicon Exotic Japan Oct 22 11 03 2998 7 44 33 67 316 8 Tamagawa Solar Challengers Tamagawa Super Genbow Silicon Exotic Japan Oct 22 11 56 2998 7 45 26 66 007 10 Lake Tuggeranong College Spirit of Canberra Silicon Exotic Australia Oct 22 12 01 2998 7 45 31 65 868 6 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Manta GTX Cut out Class United States Oct 22 12 04 2998 7 45 34 65 819 2 University of Michigan Maize Blaze Silicon Exotic United States Oct 22 14 04 2998 7 47 34 63 0410 24 Osaka Sangyo University OSU Model S Silicon Exotic Japan Oct 22 14 51 2998 7 48 21 62 0211 4 Solar Motions Cascade Cruiser Private United States Oct 22 14 51 2998 7 48 21 62 0212 59 Helios Helios 2 Silicon Exotic France Oct 22 17 32 2998 7 51 24 58 3413 1 Tokai Shoyo High School Shoyo Falcon Secondary School Japan Oct 23 9 50 2998 7 52 20 57 3014 26 SA Solar Car Consortium Ned Silicon Australia Oct 23 12 43 2998 7 55 13 54 3115 999 Jona Sun Jona Sun Private Japan Oct 23 13 15 2998 7 55 45 53 7916 65 Tokyo Salesian Polytechnic Ikuei Neo II Silicon Japan Oct 23 14 21 2998 8 56 51 52 7517 16 Junkyard Junkyard Private Japan Oct 23 14 24 2998 7 56 54 52 7018 50 University of New South Wales Sunswift II Silicon Exotic Australia Oct 23 14 44 2998 7 57 14 52 3919 5 Aoyama Gakuin AGU Aglaia Cut out Class Japan Oct 23 15 51 2998 7 58 21 51 3920 41 Southbank University of ESC Mad Dog Silicon Exotic UK Oct 23 16 41 2998 7 59 11 50 6721 23 Central Queensland University Capricorn Solar Flair Silicon Australia Oct 24 8 57 2998 7 60 27 49 6122 142 University of Missouri Rolla Solar Miner II Cut out Class United States Oct 24 11 55 2998 7 63 27 47 2623 35 University of Minnesota Aurora II Cut out Class United States Oct 24 12 01 2998 7 63 31 47 2124 63 Futura Futura 2 Private Italy Oct 24 13 42 2998 7 65 12 45 9925 124 University of Waterloo Midnight Sun V Cut out Class Canada Oct 25 14 45 2998 7 75 15 39 8526 2001 Kirenjaku Kirenjaku IV Private Japan Oct 26 12 00 2998 7 81 30 36 7927 634 Kashiwa kai Musashi Tech Musashi Cut out Class Japan Oct 26 13 38 2998 7 83 08 36 0728 22 Shiga SPD Polytech College Polytech Spirit Silicon Exotic Japan Oct 26 14 09 2998 7 83 39 35 8529 13 Kormilda College Towards Tomorrow Secondary School Australia Oct 26 2998 7 withdrawn due to time penalties30 18 Annesley College EOS Secondary School Australia Oct 24 1842 0 withdrawn31 27 Detlef Schmitz Helio Det 4 Private Germany Oct 23 1591 0 withdrawn32 34 Club Solar Car Denmark Solar Car Denmark 3 Secondary School Denmark Oct 23 1489 0 withdrawn33 28 Sunspeed Singapore Polytech Sunspeed 1 Silicon Singapore Oct 21 987 0 withdrawn34 12 Dripstone High School Aquila Secondary School Australia Oct 20 830 0 withdrawn35 42 Southern Cross College Secondary School Australia Oct 20 830 0 withdrawn36 58 Newburgh Sol Machine NFA Secondary School United States Oct 19 522 0 withdrawn37 1999 Winston High School Acclivus Secondary School United States Oct 19 475 0 withdrawn38 33 Tsuroka National College of Technology Green Leaf IV Silicon Japan 19 10 421 0 withdrawn39 9 Solar Stealth Solar Stealth Secondary School United States Oct 19 387 0 withdrawn40 51 Mannum High School Secondary School Australia Oct 17 70 0 withdrawn2001 Edit Main article World Solar Challenge 2001 The 2001 WSC was won by Nuna of the Delft University of Technology from the Netherlands participating for the first time Aurora took second place 15 16 17 ResultsRank Car No Team Car Name Class Country Date In Time In Distance km Total Time HH MM Avg Speed km h 1 3 Nuna Nuna Development Netherlands Nov 21 17 09 2997 8 32 39 91 812 101 Aurora Vehicle Association Aurora Development Australia Nov 22 08 43 2997 8 33 13 90 263 2 University of Michigan M Pulse Development United States Nov 22 09 49 2997 8 34 19 87 374 142 University of Missouri Rolla SolarMiner III Development United States Nov 22 13 14 2997 8 37 44 79 455 100 Queens University Mirage Production Canada Nov 22 13 43 2997 8 38 13 78 456 77 University of Tamagawa Team A White Dolphin Production Japan Nov 22 14 53 2997 8 39 23 76 127 10 Lake Tuggeranong College Spirit of Canberra Production Australia Nov 22 16 07 2997 8 40 37 73 818 15 Northern Territory University Desert Rose Development Australia Nov 22 16 22 2997 8 40 52 73 369 33 Kanazawa Institute of Technology KIT Golden Eagle Development Japan Nov 22 17 03 2997 8 41 33 72 1410 4 Solar Motion SoMo Development United States Nov 23 09 07 2997 8 42 37 70 3511 52 University of New South Wales Sunswift II Development Australia Nov 23 10 01 2997 8 43 31 68 8912 88 University of Tamagawa Team B Dolphin Production Japan Nov 23 10 32 2997 8 44 02 68 0813 11 Tokai University Tokai Spirit 2001 Production Japan Nov 23 10 51 2997 8 44 21 67 5914 12 University of Toronto Blue Sky Faust Development Canada Nov 23 10 56 2997 8 44 26 67 4715 24 University of Waterloo Midnight Sun VI Development Canada Nov 23 10 57 2997 8 44 27 67 4516 41 South Bank University Mad Dog 3 Production UK Nov 23 13 28 2997 8 46 58 63 8317 55 Ashiya University Sky Ace Tiga Production Japan Nov 23 14 49 2997 8 48 19 62 0518 5 AGU Solar Car Project AGU Aglaia Stock Japan Nov 23 14 52 2997 8 48 22 61 9819 67 Tokyo Salesian Polytechnic Ikuei Neo II Production Japan Nov 23 14 58 2997 8 48 28 61 8620 59 Helios Helios 2 001 Development France Nov 24 09 18 2997 8 51 48 61 2621 26 South Australia Solar Car Consortium Ned Stock Australia Nov 24 10 13 2997 8 52 23 57 2322 17 Solehada Solelhada Stock France Nov 24 10 43 2997 8 53 13 56 3323 51 Mannum Highschool Christine Production Australia Nov 26 16 17 2997 8 89 17 34 9424 2001 Team of Kirenjaku Kirenjaku Mini Production Japan Nov 27 13 27 2531 625 6 Sungroper Solar Car Association Sungroper Stock Australia Nov 26 17 03 2301 526 13 Kormilda College Towards Tomorrow Stock Australia Nov 26 11 34 2257 327 4740 Team Ornithorhychus Ornithorhychus Stock Australia Nov 26 12 35 2063 828 50 Burdekin Highschool Spirit of Burdekin Stock Australia Nov 26 12 48 2008 629 62 South Australia Solar Car Consortium Kelly Production Australia Nov 23 15 31 1819 730 7 Vehicle Solaire Neo Caledonien Defi Solaire Production New Caledonia Nov 25 12 35 1531 075 Hutt Valley High School Hutt Valley Stock New Zealand Withdrawn21 HelioDet Heliodet 5 Stock Germany Withdrawn42 Southern Cross College Southern Exposure Stock Australia WithdrawnGreenfleet Honda Insight Demonstration Australia 2997 82500 Biel Spirit of Biel Demonstration Switzerland 2997 953 Honda Australia Insight Demonstration Australia 2997 918 Annesley College EOS Spirit of Unley Demonstration Australia 2997 9 Solar Motion was originally recorded arriving in 4th place at 12 07 on Nov 22 but was later penalized2003 Edit Main article World Solar Challenge 2003 In the 2003 WSC Nuna 2 the successor to the winner of 2001 won again with an average speed of 97 km h 60 mph while Aurora took second place again 18 ResultsRank Car No Team Car Name Country Date In Time In Distance km Time hr mn Avg Speed km h 1 3 Nuon Nuna II Netherlands Oct 22 15 24 2997 8 30 54 97 022 101 Aurora Aurora Australia Oct 22 17 07 2997 8 32 37 91 903 9 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Tesseract United States Oct 23 08 22 2997 8 32 52 91 204 100 Queens University Gemini Canada Oct 23 13 46 2997 8 38 16 78 335 41 Bochum Hans Go Germany Oct 23 16 26 2997 8 40 56 73 246 32 Principia College Ra V United States Oct 23 16 50 2997 8 41 20 72 537 95 Southern Taiwan University Apollo IV Taiwan Oct 24 10 30 2997 8 44 00 68 138 62 SA Consortium Kelly Australia Oct 24 11 45 2997 8 45 15 66 259 5 Aoyama Gakuin University AGU Aglaia Japan Oct 24 15 56 2997 8 49 26 60 6510 99 Aurora RMIT Southern Aurora Australia Oct 25 10 06 2997 8 52 36 56 9911 13 Kormilda College Towards Tomorrow Australia Oct 25 15 03 2997 8 57 33 52 0912 4 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Suria Kar 2 Malaysia Oct 26 09 39 2997 8 61 09 49 0213 66 National Taiwan University Formosun II Taiwan Oct 26 09 51 2997 8 61 21 48 8614 21 HelioDet Heliodet 6 Germany Oct 28 13 39 2997 8 82 49 36 2077 Hachinohe Institute of Technology Hi Tech Japan Oct 28 2302 98 Houston Solar Race Team Sundancer United States Oct 27 2188 159 Helios III Roadrunner France Oct 27 2208 26 Leeming Senior High Sungroper Australia Oct 27 1565 651 Mannum High School Christine Australia Oct 27 1001 042 Southern Cross Catholic College Southern Exposure Australia Oct 28 1000 62003 Winston Solar Car Team Astropower United States Oct 26 720 2145 Universidad del Turabo The Paradise Puerto Rico Oct 26 373 82005 Edit Main article World Solar Challenge 2005 In the 2005 WSC the top finishers were the same for the third consecutive event as Nuon s Nuna 3 won with a record average speed of 102 75 km h 63 85 mph and Aurora was the runner up 15 ResultsRank Car No Team Car Name Class Country Arrival Time km Speed km h 1 3 Nuon Nuna 3 Open Netherlands 13 41 Wed 28th 2998 3 102 752 101 Aurora Aurora Open Australia 17 05 Wed 28th 2998 3 92 033 2 University of Michigan Momentum Open United States 08 48 Thurs 29th 2998 3 90 034 81 Ashiya University Sky Ace TIGA Open Japan 09 15 Thurs 29th 2998 35 66 National Taiwan University Formosun 3 Open Taiwan 11 31 Thurs 29th 2998 36 6 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Tesseract Open United States 15 30 Thurs 29th 2998 37 95 Apollo Apollo 5 Open Taiwan 15 45 Thurs 29th 2998 38 41 Bochum Hans Go Open Germany 16 35 Thurs 29th 2998 39 8 University of Twente Solutra Open Netherlands 10 36 Fri 30th 2998 310 65 University of Calgary Soleon Production Canada 13 45 Fri 30th 2998 311 7 Umicore Solar Car Umicore Open Belgium 14 34 Fri 30th 2998 312 62 TAFE SA Kelly Production Australia 15 43 Fri 30th 2998 313 5 Aoyama Gakuin University Aglaia Production Japan 9 56 Sat 1st 2998 314 13 Kormilda College Towards Tomorrow Stock Australia 13 24 Sat 1st 2998 315 168 Southern Taiwan University Phoenix Open Taiwan 14 35 Sat 1st 2998 316 80 Sunspeed Jules Verne Open France 10 52 Sun 2nd 272617 96 University of Western Ontario Sunstang Open Canada 15 23 Sun 2nd 157318 20 Leeming Senior High Sungroper Production Australia 19 06 Sat 1st 591 49 UNSW Sydney Sunswift III Open Australia 17 10 Thurs 29th 2998 399 Southern Aurora Southern Aurora Open Australia officially withdrawn Alice Springs 16 13 27th Sept21 Heliodet Heliodet Production Germany officially withdrawn Dunmarra 15 45 26th Sept Sunswift were unable to qualify but were given permission to run with the event2007 Edit Main article World Solar Challenge 2007 The 2007 WSC saw the Dutch Nuon Solar team score their fourth successive victory with Nuna 4 in the Challenge Class averaging 90 07 km h 55 97 mph under the new more restrictive rules while the Belgian Punch Powertrain Solar Team s Umicar Infinity placed second 19 The Adventure Class was added this year run under the old rules and won by Japanese Ashiya team s Tiga Challenge resultsRank Team Country Distance km Time hr mn Speed km h 1 Nuon Netherlands 2999 33 00 90 872 Umicore Belgium 2999 34 36 88 053 Aurora Australia 2999 35 17 85 004 Bochum Solar World 1 Germany 2999 41 09 72 875 Southern Taiwan University Taiwan 2999 44 08 67 956 University of Twente Netherlands 2999 44 46 66 837 University of Michigan United States 2999 44 55 66 768 University of Calgary Canada 2999 51 43 57 989 University of Waterloo Canada 2999 54 49 54 7010 Helios France 2999 59 24 50 8011 Solar Fox UK 271912 Sinag Philippines 269113 Sun Speed France 200214 University of Chile Chile 186215 Queens University Canada 134516 Leeming HS Australia 105017 Gwawr UK 74018 Heliox Switzerland 73519 University of Malaya Malaysia 250The Japanese Ashiya team s Tiga won the Adventure Class run under the old rules with an average speed of 93 53 km h 58 12 mph Adventure resultsRank Team Country Distance km Time hr mn Speed km h 1 Ashiya University Japan 2999 32 03 93 572 Apollo Taiwan 2999 35 43 83 963 Southern Aurora Australia 2999 40 44 73 634 sUNSWift UNSW Sydney Australia 2999 44 11 67 885 University of Toronto Canada 2999 46 19 64 746 Christine Aurora Australia 2999 46 33 64 427 TAFE SA Australia 2999 50 52 58 958 Salesian Polytechnic University Japan 2999 58 19 51 429 Towards Tomorrow Australia 289610 University Tech Malaysia Malaysia 271911 HelioDet Germany 251712 Solar Fern New Zealand 223313 Stanford University United States 186414 University of Western Ontario Canada 168015 Hachinohe Institute of Technology Japan 167516 Polytechnique Montreal Canada 177217 Willetton Australia 72918 Houston HS United States 1432009 Edit In 2009 the BO Cruiser prototype from Bochum Germany stood out by a more practical real world design sporting 4 wheels and multiple seats Main article World Solar Challenge 2009 The 2009 WSC was won by the Tokai Challenger built by the Tokai University Solar Car Team in Japan with an average speed of 100 54 km h 62 47 mph The longtime reigning champion Nuon Solar Team s Nuna 5 finished in second place 20 Challenger resultsRank Team Country Distance km Time hr mn Speed km h 1 Tokai University Japan 3021 29 49 100 542 Nuon Netherlands 3021 32 38 91 883 University of Michigan United States 3021 33 08 90 494 University of New South Wales Australia 3021 39 18 76 285 Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States 3021 40 41 73 706 Aurora Australia 3021 42 20 70 827 Principia College United States 3021 43 23 69 118 University of Twente Netherlands 3021 44 53 66 809 Bochum Solar World 1 Germany 289610 Stanford University United States 271911 Nanyang Technological University Singapore 195312 Bochum Bo Cruiser Germany 185013 Belenos France 164514 University of Cambridge UK 161615 Sakarya University Turkey 143716 Istanbul Technical University Turkey 138017 Heliox Switzerland 104218 Leeming HS Australia 95019 Willetton HS Australia 90620 Umicore Belgium 38021 Polytechnique Montreal Canada 28722 Uniten Solar Ranger Team Malaysia 25023 McMaster University Canada 14624 ETS Canada 96The Sunswift IV built by students at the University of New South Wales Australia was the winner of the Silicon based Solar Cell Class while Japan s Osaka Sangyo University s OSU Model S won the Adventure class Adventure resultsRank Team Country Distance km Time hr mn Speed km h 1 OSU Japan 3021 34 45 86 272 Southern Aurora Australia 3021 44 17 67 713 Goko HS Japan 2719 61 774 Helios France 2719 58 315 SolarShop Kelly Australia 22176 Towards Tomorrow Australia 11567 CPDM Malaysia 5142011 Edit Main article World Solar Challenge 2011 In the 2011 WSC Tokai University took their second title with an updated Tokai Challenger averaging 91 54 km h 56 88 mph and finishing just an hour before Nuna 6 of the Delft University of Technology 21 The challenge was marred by delays caused by wildfires ResultsRank Team Country Distance km Time hr mn Speed km h 1 Tokai University Japan 2998 32 45 91 542 Nuon Netherlands 2998 33 50 88 603 University of Michigan United States 2998 35 33 84 334 Ashiya University Japan 2998 44 57 66 705 University of Twente Netherlands 2998 44 04 66 536 University of New South Wales Australia 2998 48 38 61 657 Aurora Australia 2998 48 45 61 508 Istanbul University Turkey 27659 Apollo Taiwan 265010 Umicore Belgium 263611 Stanford University United States 254712 Nanyang Technological University Singapore 245413 Team Okinawa Japan 240814 Sakarya University Turkey 226315 Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States 222216 Solar Energy Racers Switzerland 222117 Qazvin Islamic Azad University Iran 189118 University of Calgary Canada 184019 Team Solar Philippines Philippines 181520 UC Berkeley United States 181121 Onda Solare Italy 175122 Universidad de Chile Chile 170923 Anadolu Turkey 167524 University of Toronto Canada 166125 University of Cambridge UK 148726 Bochum Germany 145427 ETS Canada 141528 Principia College United States 130329 Seraaj Saudi Arabia 126930 University of Waterloo Canada 111631 University of Tehran Iran 102732 Solar Spirit Australia Australia 80133 Durham University UK 55234 Solaris India 30135 UMP Malaysia 22936 Uniten Solar Ranger Team Malaysia 22337 Green Maniac South Korea 732013 Edit Main article World Solar Challenge 2013 The 2013 WSC featured the introduction of the Cruiser Class which comprised more practical solar cars with 2 4 occupants The inaugural winner was Solar Team Eindhoven s Stella from Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands with an average speed of 74 52 km h 46 30 mph while second place was taken by the PowerCore SunCruiser vehicle from team Hochschule Bochum in Germany who inspired the creation of the Cruiser Class citation needed by racing more practical solar cars in previous WSC events The Australian team the University of New South Wales solar racing team Sunswift was the fastest competitor to complete the route but was awarded third place overall after points were awarded for practicality and for carrying passengers 22 Cruiser ResultsRank Team Country Distance km Time hr mn Person kilometers External energy kWh Practicality Final score 1 TU Eindhoven Netherlands 3022 40 14 9093 64 0 88 3 97 52 HS Bochum Germany 3022 41 38 6484 63 5 87 0 93 93 Sunswift Australia 3022 38 35 3022 64 0 70 7 92 34 University of Minnesota United States 3022 51 41 5454 64 0 69 3 79 25 Goko HS Japan 2288 70 76 Apollo Taiwan 1558 50 37 TAFE SA Solar Spirit Australia 1469 71 78 University of Calgary Canada 719 78 0 The 2013 German PowerCore SunCruiser entry for the new for 2013 Cruiser Class In the Challenger Class the Dutch team from Delft University of Technology took back the title with Nuna 7 and an average speed of 90 71 km h 56 36 mph while defending champions Tokai University finished second after an exciting close competition which saw a 10 30 minute distance though they drained the battery in final stint due to bad weather and finished some 3 hours later an opposite situation of the previous challenge in 2011 23 Challenger resultsRank Team Country Distance km Time hr mn Speed km h 1 Nuon Netherlands 3022 33 03 90 712 Tokai University Japan 3022 36 22 82 433 University of Twente Netherlands 3022 37 38 79 674 Stanford University United States 3022 39 31 75 865 Solar Energy Racers Switzerland 3022 40 13 74 546 Punch Powertrain KU Leuven Belgium 3022 40 28 74 087 Team Arrow Australia 3022 43 38 68 718 University of Toronto Canada 3022 45 38 65 719 University of Michigan United States 3022 45 55 65 2910 Onda Solare Italy 3022 48 25 61 9211 University of Western Sydney Australia 289112 Kanazawa Institute of Technology Japan 256413 EAFIT EPM Colombia 250514 Kogakuin University Japan 245015 KUST South Korea 201316 SunSPEC Singapore 167617 Istanbul Technical University Turkey 161318 ETS Canada 153019 Sun Shuttle China 139820 Jonkoping University Sweden 130121 ITS Indonesia 74822 UMP Malaysia 616The Adventure Class was won by Aurora s Aurora Evolution 24 Adventure resultsRank Team Country Distance km Time hr mn Speed km h 1 Aurora Australia 3022 38 39 77 572 Antakari Chile 3022 49 31 60 543 Sikat Solar Philippines 24874 IVE Hong Kong 21055 KAIT Japan 15336 Solaris Turkey 14817 Mississippi Choctaw HS United States 1642015 Edit In 2015 Solar team Eindhoven won the Cruiser Class again with their Stella Lux family car The 2015 WSC was held on 15 25 October with the same classes as the 2013 challenge World Solar Challenge 2015 Parade at Victoria Square in Adelaide Australia In the Cruiser Class the winner was once again Solar Team Eindhoven s Stella Lux from Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands with an average speed of 76 73 km h 47 68 mph while the second place team was Kogakuin University from Japan who was the first to cross the finish line but did not receive as many points for passenger kilometers and practicality Bochum took 3rd place this year with the latest in their series of cruiser cars 25 Cruiser ResultsRank Team Country Distance km Time hr mn Person kilometers External energy kWh Practicality Final score 1 TU Eindhoven Netherlands 3022 39 23 6044 29 68 84 5 97 272 Kogakuin University Japan 3022 37 52 3022 29 71 51 75 93 613 HS Bochum Germany 3022 48 30 4528 29 68 80 5 82 914 sUNSWift UNSW Sydney Australia 3022 54 03 3022 29 68 54 0 72 915 University of Minnesota United States 3022 58 27 4009 29 68 38 5 68 216 Ardingly College UK 0 12 5 61 75 42 937 Lodz University of Technology Poland 2113 29 83 63 5 24 198 Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education Hong Kong 896 29 83 51 5 21 419 Singapore Polytechnic Singapore 768 29 97 50 21 4110 Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology Indonesia 1036 29 43 42 5 21 0011 University of Tehran Iran 1161 29 97 35 75 20 05In the Challenger Class the team from Delft University of Technology retained the title with Nuna 8 and an average speed of 91 75 km h 57 01 mph while their Dutch counterparts the University of Twente who led most of the challenge finished just 8 minutes behind them in second place making 2015 the closest finish in WSC history Tokai University passed the University of Michigan on the last day of the event to take home the bronze 26 Challenger resultsRank Team Country Distance km Time hr mn Speed km h 1 Nuon Netherlands 3022 37 56 91 752 University of Twente Netherlands 3022 38 04 91 633 Tokai University Japan 3022 38 50 89 414 University of Michigan United States 3022 38 54 89 295 Punch Powertrain KU Leuven Belgium 3022 39 19 88 106 Stanford University United States 3022 41 24 83 147 GAMF Hungary Hungary 3022 43 04 79 708 Team Arrow Australia 3022 45 22 76 719 EAFIT EPM Colombia 3022 46 19 73 2910 University of Western Sydney Australia 3022 46 51 72 2111 North West University South Africa 3022 47 22 71 7012 University of Toronto Canada 3022 47 40 70 9113 University of KwaZulu Natal South Africa 3022 47 53 70 4014 GOKO High School Japan 3022 50 22 66 7415 Jonkoping University Sweden 3022 50 36 66 3916 Nagoya Institute of Technology Japan 3022 50 42 66 2517 Principia College United States 3022 54 51 60 6218 Kanazawa Institute of Technology Japan 3022 56 24 58 9119 Anadolu University Turkey 3022 57 48 58 0020 Kookmin University Korea 3022 60 00 54 7821 University of Adelaide Australia 229222 Cambridge University UK 204723 Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States 183524 Beijing Institute of Technology China 182325 Dokuz Eylul University Turkey 157526 MARA University of Technology Malaysia 9727 Durham University UK 0The Adventure Class was won by the Houston High School solar car team from Houston Mississippi United States 27 Adventure resultsRank Team Country Distance km 1 Houston HS United States 24412 TAFE SA Australia 12893 Liberty Christian School United States 12882017 Edit The 2017 WSC was held on 8 15 October featuring the same classes as 2015 The Dutch NUON team won again in the Challenger class which concluded on 2017 10 12 and in the Cruiser Class the winner was once again Solar Team Eindhoven from the Netherlands as well 28 Challenger resultsRank Team Car name Country Distance km Average speed km h 1 Nuon Solar Team Nuna9 Netherlands 3021 km 81 2 km h2 University of Michigan Solar Car Team Novum United States 3021 km 77 1 km h3 Punch Powertrain Solar Team Punch Two Belgium 3021 km 76 2 km h4 Tokai University Tokai Challenger Japan 3021 km 75 9 km h5 Solar Team Twente RED Shift Netherlands 3021 km 75 6 km h6 Western Sydney Solar Team Unlimited 2 0 Australia 3021 km 65 5 km h7 Kogakuin University Solar Team Wing Japan 3021 km 63 8 km h8 46 JUsolarteam Solveig Sweden 3021 km 59 7 km h9 16 Stanford Solar Car Project Sundae United States 3021 km 59 5 km h10 4 Antakari Solar Team INTIKALLPA IV Chile 3021 km 59 1 km h11 77 Blue Sky Solar Racing Polaris Canada 3021 km 58 6 km h12 25 NITech Solar Racing Horizon 17 Japan 3021 km 58 0 km hCruiser resultsRank Team Car name Country Charges P km External energy Efficiency P km kWh Efficiency score1 Solar Team Eindhoven Stella Vie Netherlands 6 10197 45 7 kWh 223 2 802 HS Bochum SolarCar Team Thyssenkrupp Blue Cruiser Germany 6 7865 88 2 kWh 89 2 323 Clenergy Team Arrow Arrow STF Australia 6 5263 91 5 kWh 57 5 20 64 IVE Solar Car Team SOPHIE VI Hong Kong 6 3021 45 4 kWh 66 5 05 University of Minnesota Solar Vehicle Project Eos II United States 6 3644 40 5 kWh 90 0Adventure resultsTeam Car name Country Arrival timeMississippi Choctaw High School Solar Car Team Tushka Hashi III United States 10 13 2018 13 56NWU Solar Naledi South Africa 10 13 2018 15 40Principia Solar Car Ra X United States 10 14 2018 08 39Adelaide University Solar Racing Team Lumen II Australia 10 14 2018 09 35MDH Solar Team MDH Solar Car Sweden 10 14 2018 09 40GOKO HIGH SCHOOL MUSOUSHIN Japan 10 14 2018 09 43KUST Kookmin University Solar car Team Taegeuk South Korea 10 14 2018 10 24Illini Solar Car Argo United States 10 14 2018 10 47Team Sonnenwagen Aachen HUAWEI Sonnenwagen Germany 10 14 2018 10 50MTAA Super Sol Invictus MTAA Super Charge Australia 10 14 2018 11 05PrISUm Penumbra United States 10 13 2018 13 25SunSPEC SunSPEC5 Singapore 10 13 2018 12 49UiTM Eco Photon TUAH Malaysia 10 14 2018 11 20UNSW Solar Racing Team Sunswift Violet Australia 10 13 2018 09 51Flinders Automotive Solar Team Investigator Mk III Australia 10 13 2018 14 53University of Tehran Solar Car Team Persian Gazelle IV Iran 10 16 2018 17 00Durham University Electric Motorsport DUSC United Kingdom 10 14 2018 12 52STC 2 Nikola Nikola Thailand 10 13 2018 11 40ITU Solar Car Team B O W ISTANBUL Turkey 10 14 2018 12 16RVCE Solar Car Team ARKA India 10 16 2018 17 00Lodz Solar Team Eagle Two Poland 10 13 2018 15 05TAFE SA SAV Australia 10 13 2018 10 51National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences KUAS amp St John s University Solar Car Team Apollo VIII Taiwan 10 14 2018 08 462019 Edit The 2019 WSC was held from 13 20 October 53 teams from 24 countries entered the competition 29 30 featuring the same three classes Challenger 30 teams Cruiser 23 teams and Adventure 31 In the Challenger class Agoria Solar Team won their first ever World Solar Challenge Tokai University Solar Car Team finished in second place 32 In the Cruiser class Solar Team Eindhoven won their fourth consecutive title 33 Despite flipping crashing and ruining their car multiple times Team Sonnenwagen Aachen and friends still managed to beat other teams Several teams had mishaps Vattenfall was leading when their car Nuna caught fire The driver was uninjured but the vehicle was destroyed It was the first no finish for that team in 20 years 30 Others were badly affected by strong winds Dutch team Twente was leading the journey at 100 km h 62 mph when their car was forced off the road by winds and rolled over The driver was taken to hospital Within 30 minutes team Sonnenwagen was also blown off the road north of Coober Pedy the driver was not hurt An 80 km h 50 mph speed limit was then imposed by event officials lifted when conditions improved The day before wind damage to solar panels put the team from Western Sydney University out of the challenge The driver of Agoria from Belgium escaped injury when their vehicle was uprooted at 100 km h 62 mph by severe winds but still went on to win the Challenger class 30 34 Challenger resultsRank Team Car name Country Distance km Average speed km h 1 Agoria Solar Team Bluepoint Belgium 3019 km 86 6 km h2 Tokai University Solar Car Team Tokai Challenger Japan 3019 km 86 1 km h3 University of Michigan Solar Car Team Electrum USA 3019 km 79 6 km h4 Top Dutch Solar Racing Green Lightning Netherlands 3019 km 78 4 km h5 Kogakuin University Solar Team Kute Eagle Japan 3019 km 72 1 km h6 Team Sonnenwagen Aachen e V Covestro Sonnenwagen Germany 3019 km 71 8 km h7 Antakari Solar Team INTIKALLPA V Chile 3019 km 66 9 km h8 Nagoya Institute of Technology Solar Racing Horizon Ace Japan 3019 km 66 5 km h9 Eclipse Eclipse X Canada 3019 km 65 1 km h10 JU Solar Team Axelent Sweden 3019 km 64 6 km h11 Blue Sky Solar Racing Viridian Canada 3019 km 63 2 km hCruiser resultsRank Team Country Stages completed Score1 Solar Team Eindhoven Netherlands 3 111 72 sUNSWift UNSW Sydney Australia 3 56 13 IVE Engineering Solar Car Team Hong Kong 3 44 24 SolarCar Team Hochschule Bochum Germany 1 48 45 Sun Shuttle China 1 17 46 University of Minnesota USA 1 14 6Adventure results2021 Edit In response to the COVID 19 pandemic in Australia the WSC closed entries three months earlier than normal on 18 December 2020 They were then to review all current government measures relating to social distancing density and contact tracing international travel restrictions and isolation requirements 35 On 12 February 2021 the South Australian Government confirmed the cancellation of the 2021 staging of the event While the COVID 19 pandemic was not explicitly cited as the reason the complexities of international border closures affecting Australia at the time appear to be the primary reason for the event s cancellation The same statement also noted the next event would take place in October 2023 at least 962 days from the date of announcement and resulting in a four year gap between events 2 Registered teams should receive a full refund of all fees 35 See also Edit Renewable energy portal Energy portalSolar car racing List of prototype solar powered cars List of solar car teams Shell Eco marathon The Quiet Achiever the world s first solar powered racecarOther solar vehicle challenges Edit American Solar Challenge a biennial United States event held since 1990 that has previously included Canada Formula Sun Grand Prix an annual U S event held on race tracks The Solar Car Challenge an annual event for High School students from the U S and to a lesser extent other parts of the world first held in 1995 South African Solar Challenge a biennial South African event that was first held in 2008 Victorian Model Solar Vehicle Challenge an annual event in Australia for schoolchildren European Solar Challenge a biennial 24 hour race in Belgium Atacama Solar Race a biennial event held in ChileMovie Edit Race the Sun a movie loosely based on a participating teamReferences Edit Mission Serving Society with Superior Quality 2017 Bridgestone World Solar Challenge Bridgestone 2017 Retrieved 13 February 2021 a b 2021 CHALLENGE UPDATE worldsolarchallenge org South Australian Tourist Commission 12 February 2021 Retrieved 13 February 2021 The 16th edition of the Bridgestone World Solar Challenge will not go ahead from 22 30 October this year History worldsolarchallenge org South Australian Tourism Commission 9 February 2021 Retrieved 13 February 2021 Stella Vie is officially road legal Solar Team Eindhoven Solar Team Eindhoven 23 August 2017 Archived from the original on 8 October 2017 Retrieved 13 February 2021 KENTEKEN CHECK PP 301 S Dutch public registration info for license plate PP 301 S in Dutch Autoweek nl 6 August 2017 Archived from the original on 8 October 2017 Retrieved 13 February 2021 2015 Team List World Solar Challenge 5 June 2015 Archived from the original on 23 June 2015 Retrieved 13 February 2021 An epic journey revisited The People amp Environment Blog National Museum of Australia Retrieved 18 June 2017 Barry Courtney 22 October 2003 RACING Here They Come as Fast as the Sun Will Carry Them The New York Times Retrieved 18 June 2017 1987 World Solar Teams IFP Lab Site Retrieved 13 February 2021 Wakefield Ernest H 1 October 1998 History of the Electric Automobile Softbound SAE International ISBN 978 0 7680 0125 9 Retrieved 13 February 2021 1990 World Solar Challenge Teams IFP Lab Site Retrieved 13 February 2021 1993 World Solar Challenge Entry List IFP lab site Retrieved 13 February 2021 1996 World Solar Challenge Team IFP Lab Site Retrieved 13 February 2021 1999 World Solar Challenge Teams IFP Lab Site Retrieved 13 February 2021 a b Honour Roll 1987 to 2013 World Solar Challenge 4 June 2014 Archived from the original on 11 June 2015 Retrieved 13 February 2021 Final Results for the 2001 Solar Odyssey World Solar Challenge 27 November 2001 Archived from the original on 13 June 2002 Retrieved 13 February 2021 Teams List 2001 World Solar Challenge Archived from the original on 6 June 2002 Retrieved 13 February 2021 Zero to Darwin Project 2003WSC Final result www zdp co jp in Japanese 28 October 2003 Archived from the original on 3 January 2005 Retrieved 13 February 2021 WSC 2007 results WSC 2009 results WSC 2011 results WSC 2013 Cruiser class results PDF Archived from the original PDF on 9 March 2016 Retrieved 15 June 2015 WSC 2013 Challenger class results WSC 2013 Adventure class results PDF Archived from the original PDF on 9 March 2016 Retrieved 15 June 2015 WSC 2015 Cruiser class results WSC 2015 Challenger class results WSC 2015 Adventure class results PDF World Solar Challenge 6 November 2015 Retrieved 15 May 2018 2017 World Solar Challenge Results World Solar Challenge Archived from the original on 15 May 2018 Retrieved 15 May 2018 CHARGING THE FUTURE NEXT GEN DREAMS TO REALITY World Solar Challenge 2019 www worldsolarchallenge org Archived from the original on 16 July 2019 Retrieved 16 July 2019 a b c Slessor Camron Campbell Claire 17 October 2019 Leading car at World Solar Challenge bursts into flames forcing team Vattenfall out of challenge ABC News Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 13 February 2021 Chasing the sun the World Solar Challenge 2019 The Guardian 19 October 2019 Retrieved 21 October 2019 Agoria claims first title worldsolarchallenge org South Australian Tourism Commission 17 October 2019 Retrieved 13 February 2021 It s cruise control all the way for Solar Team Eindhoven worldsolarchallenge org South Australian Tourism Commission 21 October 2019 Retrieved 13 February 2021 Campbell Claire Opie Rebecca 16 October 2019 Two cars blown off road during World Solar Challenge near Coober Pedy ABC News Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 13 February 2021 a b COVID 19 and the Bridgestone World Solar Challenge worldsolarchallenge org South Australian Tourism Commission 7 October 2020 Retrieved 13 February 2021 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to World Solar Challenge Official website Images from Alice Springs Australia 2007 An overview of all the competing teams in the 2013 WSC Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title World Solar Challenge amp oldid 1128475014, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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