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Western Iranian languages

March 10, 2024

The Western Iranian languages or Western Iranic languages are a branch of the Iranian languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC) and Median.

Western Iranian
Geographic
distribution		Southwest Asia, Central Asia, Caucasus, and western South Asia
Linguistic classificationIndo-European
Subdivisions
Glottolognort3177  (Northwestern Iranian)
sout3157  (Southwestern Iranian)
Map of modern Iranian languages on the Persian plateau. The Western Iranian languages are shaded yellow/green.

Languages edit

The traditional Northwestern branch is a convention for non-Southwestern languages, rather than a genetic group. The languages are as follows:[1][2][3]

Old Iranian period edit

Middle Iranian period edit

Modern period (Neo-Iranian) edit

There is also a recently described, and as yet unclassified, Batu'i language that is presumably Western Iranian.[1] Extinct Deilami is sometimes classified in the Caspian branch. An Iranian Khalaj language has been claimed, but does not exist; the Khalaj speak a Turkic language.

Many of the languages and dialects spoken in Markazi and Isfahan provinces are giving way to Persian in the younger generations.[5]

It is to note that the Caspian languages (incl. Adharic), the central dialects, and the Zaza-Gorani languages are likely descended from a later form of Median with varying amounts of Parthian substrata,[7] whereas the Semnani languages were likely descended from Parthian. [8]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Erik Anonby, Mortaza Taheri-Ardali & Amos Hayes (2019) The Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI). Iranian Studies 52. A Working Classification
  2. ^ Gernot Windfuhr, 2009, "Dialectology and Topics", The Aryanic Languages, Routledge, pp. 12–15.
  3. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Northwestern Aryan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
    Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Southwestern Aryan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. ^ Anonby, Erik John (2021), "Atlas of the Languages of Iran A working classification", Languages of Iran, retrieved 25 May 2019
  5. ^ a b Central dialects, Gernot Windfuhr, Encyclopedia Iranica
  6. ^ Borjian, Habib, “Kerman Languages”, Encyclopaedia Iranica. Volume 16, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 301–315. [1]
  7. ^ Borjian, Habib (2019) Journal of Persianate Studies 2, Median Succumbs to Persian after Three Millennia of Coexistence: Language Shift in the Central Iranian Plateau, p. 70
  8. ^ Pierre Lecoq. 1989. "Les dialectes caspiens et les dialectes du nord-ouest de l'Iran," Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum. Ed. Rüdiger Schmitt. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, p. 297

Bibliography edit

  • Pierre Lecoq. 1989. "Les dialectes caspiens et les dialectes du nord-ouest de l'Iran," Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, ed. Rüdiger Schmitt. Wiesbaden: L. Reichert Verlag, 1989; p. 99.

Further reading edit

  • Kontovas, Nicholas. "Contact and the diversity of noun-noun subordination strategies among Western Iranic languages."
  • Hanaway Jr, William L. "Persian and West Iranic: History and State of Research: Part One: Persian Grammar.[Trends in Linguistics: State-of-the-Art Reports, No. 12]." (1982): 56–58.

March 10, 2024
western, iranian, languages, western, iranic, languages, branch, iranian, languages, attested, from, time, persian, century, median, western, iraniangeographicdistributionsouthwest, asia, central, asia, caucasus, western, south, asialinguistic, classificationi. The Western Iranian languages or Western Iranic languages are a branch of the Iranian languages attested from the time of Old Persian 6th century BC and Median Western IranianGeographicdistributionSouthwest Asia Central Asia Caucasus and western South AsiaLinguistic classificationIndo EuropeanIndo IranianIranianWestern IranianSubdivisionsNorthwestern Iranian Southwestern IranianGlottolognort3177 Northwestern Iranian sout3157 Southwestern Iranian Map of modern Iranian languages on the Persian plateau The Western Iranian languages are shaded yellow green Contents 1 Languages 1 1 Old Iranian period 1 2 Middle Iranian period 1 3 Modern period Neo Iranian 2 See also 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 Further readingLanguages editThe traditional Northwestern branch is a convention for non Southwestern languages rather than a genetic group The languages are as follows 1 2 3 Old Iranian period edit Northwest Median etc Southwest Old Persian etc Middle Iranian period edit Northwest Parthian etc Southwest Middle Persian etcModern period Neo Iranian edit Northwestern Iranian Caspian Gilaki incl Rudbari Mazandarani incl Tabari Shahmirzadi Gorgani Daylami Semnani Semnani Sangisari Lasgerdi Sorkhei incl Aftari Adharic Azari Old Adhari Tatic Talysh north central Gozarkhani Alamuti North Harzandi Karingani Kalasuri Khoynarudi Kho ini South Alviri Vidari Alviri Vidari Ashtiani Amora i Kahaki Tafreshi Vafsi Razajerdi Eshtehardi Takestani Ramandi Kharaqani Central Khalkhalic Kajali Koresh e Rostam Karani Shahrudi incl southern Talysh Maraghei Upper Taromi Kabatei Kurdic acc Anonby 4 Kurdish Northern Kurdish Kurmanji Central Kurdish Sorani Southern Kurdish incl Laki and Kurdali Zaza Gorani Zazaki Gorani incl Hawrami Sarli Shabaki Bajalani Balochi incl Koroshi Khuri Kavir Central Plateau 5 Sivandi Judeo Hamadani Judeo Borujerdi NW Khunsari Judeo Khunsari Judeo Khomeini Vanishani Mahallati Vanishani Judeo Golpaygani etc NE Kashanic Soi incl Abuzaydabadi Natanzi SW Gazi many dialects Southeastern Zoroastrian Dari Zoroastrian Yazdi Judeo Kermani Nayini Southwestern Iranian Bashkardi Southern Bashkardi Garmsiri Northern Bashkardi Bandari Minabi Minowi Hormozi Hormozgan 6 Kumzari Achomi Larestani Caucasian Tat SW Tat Tat Judeo Tat Persian dialects Iranian Persian amp Judeo Persian Dari incl Madaglashti Tajik amp Judeo Bukharic Hazaragi Aimaq Sistani Pahlavani Persian Persid Shushtari Dezfuli Luri incl Bakhtiari Kuhmareyi incl Davani see also Persid dialects of Khuzestan Fars numerous SW Fars dialects Heshnizi Gavbandi Dashtini Kangani Jami Bardesuni Bardestani Khenesiri Bordekhuni Dashtiyati Dashti Tangesiri incl Delvari Khormuji Khayizi Ahrami Bushehri Bandar Rig Fars of Bandar Rig Genaveyi Deylami Liravi Dashtesuni Dashtestani Judeo Shirazi etc There is also a recently described and as yet unclassified Batu i language that is presumably Western Iranian 1 Extinct Deilami is sometimes classified in the Caspian branch An Iranian Khalaj language has been claimed but does not exist the Khalaj speak a Turkic language Many of the languages and dialects spoken in Markazi and Isfahan provinces are giving way to Persian in the younger generations 5 It is to note that the Caspian languages incl Adharic the central dialects and the Zaza Gorani languages are likely descended from a later form of Median with varying amounts of Parthian substrata 7 whereas the Semnani languages were likely descended from Parthian 8 See also editEastern Iranian languagesReferences edit a b Erik Anonby Mortaza Taheri Ardali amp Amos Hayes 2019 The Atlas of the Languages of Iran ALI Iranian Studies 52 A Working Classification Gernot Windfuhr 2009 Dialectology and Topics The Aryanic Languages Routledge pp 12 15 Hammarstrom Harald Forkel Robert Haspelmath Martin eds 2017 Northwestern Aryan Glottolog 3 0 Jena Germany Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Hammarstrom Harald Forkel Robert Haspelmath Martin eds 2017 Southwestern Aryan Glottolog 3 0 Jena Germany Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Anonby Erik John 2021 Atlas of the Languages of Iran A working classification Languages of Iran retrieved 25 May 2019 a b Central dialects Gernot Windfuhr Encyclopedia Iranica Borjian Habib Kerman Languages Encyclopaedia Iranica Volume 16 Issue 3 2017 pp 301 315 1 Borjian Habib 2019 Journal of Persianate Studies 2 Median Succumbs to Persian after Three Millennia of Coexistence Language Shift in the Central Iranian Plateau p 70 Pierre Lecoq 1989 Les dialectes caspiens et les dialectes du nord ouest de l Iran Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum Ed Rudiger Schmitt Wiesbaden Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag p 297Bibliography editPierre Lecoq 1989 Les dialectes caspiens et les dialectes du nord ouest de l Iran Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum ed Rudiger Schmitt Wiesbaden L Reichert Verlag 1989 p 99 Further reading editKontovas Nicholas Contact and the diversity of noun noun subordination strategies among Western Iranic languages Hanaway Jr William L Persian and West Iranic History and State of Research Part One Persian Grammar Trends in Linguistics State of the Art Reports No 12 1982 56 58 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Western Iranian languages amp oldid 1210103527, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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