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Vestfold

January 09, 2024

Vestfold (pronounced [ˈvɛ̂stfɔɫ] ⓘ) is a county and a current electoral district in Eastern Norway. In 2020 the county became part of the much larger county of Vestfold og Telemark. Located on the western shore of the Oslofjord, it bordered the previous Buskerud and Telemark counties. The county administration was located in Tønsberg, Norway's oldest city,[4][5][6] and the largest city is Sandefjord. With the exception of the city-county of Oslo, Vestfold was the smallest county in Norway by area.[7] Vestfold was the only county in which all municipalities had declared Bokmål to be their sole official written form of the Norwegian language.[8]

Vestfold County
Vestfold fylke
County
Flag
Coat of arms
Vestfold within Norway
Coordinates: 59°21′N 10°07′E / 59.35°N 10.12°E / 59.35; 10.12
CountryNorway
CountyVestfold
DistrictØstlandet
Administrative centreTønsberg
Government
 • BodyVestfold County Municipality
 • Governor (2022)Fred-Ivar Syrstad (acting)
 • County mayor
   (2023)		Anne Strømøy (H)
Area
 • Total2,167.7 km2 (837.0 sq mi)
 • Land2,092.4 km2 (807.9 sq mi)
 • Water75.2 km2 (29.0 sq mi)  3.5%
 • Rank#14 in Norway
Population
 (2023)
 • Total253,555
 • Rank#11 in Norway
 • Density121.2/km2 (314/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
 +9.2%
DemonymVestfolding[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formBokmål
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-39[3]
Income (per capita)148,300 NOK kr (2001)
GDP (per capita)219,970 NOK kr (2001)
GDP national rank#10 in Norway
(3% of country)
Data from Statistics Norway

Vestfold is located west of the Oslofjord, as the name indicates. It includes many smaller, but well-known towns in Norway, such as Holmestrand, Horten, Tønsberg, Sandefjord, and Larvik; these towns run from Oslo in an almost constant belt of urban areas along the coast, ending in Grenland in neighbouring region Telemark. The river Numedalslågen runs through the county. Many islands are located at the coast. Vestfold is mostly dominated by lowland and is among the best agricultural areas of Norway. Winters last about three months, while pleasant summer temperatures last from May to September, with a July average high of 17 °C (63 °F).[9]

Vestfold is traditionally known for shipping and sailing. Sandefjord was formerly a headquarters for the Norwegian whaling fleet, and Horten used to be Norway's main naval port. The coastal towns of Vestfold now engage in fishing and shipbuilding. Some lumbering is carried on in the interior. The area also includes some of the best farmland in Norway.

Vestfold merged with neighboring Telemark County on 1 January 2020 as part of a nationwide municipal reform. The new county name was Vestfold og Telemark.[10][11] Vestfold county was re-established on 1 January 2024, following a vote of the county council of Vestfold og Telemark on 15 February 2022 to split the newly established county into its respective counties that existed before the merger took place; Telemark and Vestfold.

Etymology edit

Vestfold is the old name of the region which was revived in modern times. Fold was the old name of the Oslofjord, and the meaning of the name Vestfold is the region west of the Fold (see also Østfold). Before 1919, the county was called Jarlsberg og Larvik Amt. The amt was created in 1821, consisting of the two old counties of Jarlsberg and Larvik.[12] In the Viking Age, Vestfold also referred to Eiker, Drammen, Kongsberg, Lier, now in Buskerud.[13][14][15]

Vestfold Hills on Antarctica's Sørsdal Glacier is named after the county.

History edit

Viking history edit

 
Norway's largest preserved Viking ship, Gokstad ship, was discovered at Gokstad Mound, Sandefjord.[16][17]
 
Istrehågan, ancient burial ground which dates to the Roman Iron Age, 1500-500 BCE[18]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1951154,670—    
1961174,382+12.7%
1971175,402+0.6%
1981186,691+6.4%
1991198,354+6.2%
2001215,030+8.4%
2011233,705+8.7%
2021?262,777+12.4%
2031?287,496+9.4%
Source: Statistics Norway.[19]

Vestfold is mentioned for the first time in a written source in 813, when Danish kings were in Vestfold to quell an uprising amongst the Fürsts[vague].[20] There may have been as many as six political centers in Vestfold. At that time Kaupang, which was located in Tjølling near Larvik, had been functioning for decades and had a chieftain. Kaupang, which dates from the Viking Era, is believed to be the first town in Norway, although Tønsberg (which dates from ca. 900) is the oldest town in Norway still in existence. At Borre, there was a site for another chieftain. That site held chieftains for more than one hundred years prior to 813.[21]

The stone mounds at Mølen have been dated to the Viking Age.[22] The mounds at Haugar in present-day Tønsberg's town centre have been dated to the Viking period. At Farmannshaugen in Sem there seems to have been activity at the time, while activity at Oseberghaugen and Gokstadhaugen dates from a few decades later.[citation needed]

An English source from around 890 retells the voyage of Ottar (Ottar fra Hålogaland) "from the farthest North, along Norvegr via Kaupang and Hedeby to England", where Ottar places Kaupang in the land of the Dane - danenes land.[22] Bjørn Brandlien says that "To the degree that Harald Hårfagre gathered a kingdom after the Battle of Hafrsfjord at the end of the 9th century - that especially is connected to Avaldsnes - it does not seem to have made such a great impression on Ottar".[22] Kaupang is mentioned under the name of Skiringssal (Kaupangen i Skiringssal) in Ottar's tales.[23][24]

By the 10th century, the local kings had established themselves. The king or his ombudsman resided in the old Royal Court at Sæheim i Sem, today the Jarlsberg Estate (Jarlsberg Hovedgård) in Tønsberg. The farm Haugar (from Old Norse haugr meaning hill or mound) became the seat for Haugating, the Thing for Vestfold and one of Norway's most important place for the proclamation of kings.[25][26] The family of Harald Fairhair, who was most likely the first king of Norway, is said to have come from this area.

The Danish kings seem to have been weak in Vestfold from around the middle of the 9th century until the middle of the 10th century, but their rule was strengthened there at the end of the 10th century.[22] The Danish kings seem to have tried to control the region until the 13th century.[22]

Kings ruling some or all of Vestfold edit

 
Halfdan the Black, 9th century king of Vestfold. His brother was long believed to be buried at the Gokstad Mound.[27][28][29]

Whaling edit

 
Southern Actor, whale-catcher turned museum ship

Whaling was an important 19th century industry in coastal cities such as Larvik, Tønsberg, and Sandefjord, which was the world centre for the world's modern whaling industry. Not only did men from Vestfold County make up practically all the crew on the Norwegian whaling fleet, but many were also involved in the whaling industry in other nations.[30] As an example, the first phase of modern Australian whaling was almost entirely based on workers from Larvik.[31] While the first whaling station in the Faroe Islands was established by Sandefjordians,[32] Larvik played a similar role for the Shetland Islands. Tønsberg initiated much of the whaling industry in Iceland and the Hebrides.[33]

The largest settlement in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Grytviken, was established by Carl Anton Larsen of Sandefjord on 16 November 1904.[34][35] Sandefjordian Nils Larsen's expeditions to Antarctica in the early 20th century led to the Norwegian annexation of Bouvet Island (1927) and Peter I Island (1929). A cove on Peter I Island is named Sandefjord Cove in honor of Nils Larsen's hometown.[36][37]

Sandefjord Harbor is now home to Southern Actor, the only whale-catcher from the Modern Whaling Epoch still to be in its original order.[38][39][40] The museum ship is owned by Sandefjord Whaling Museum, Europe's only museum dedicated to whaling.[41][42][43] Sandefjord has been named the centre of the Modern Whaling Epoch,[44] and has been nicknamed "the whaling capital of the world."[45][46][47][48]

Geography edit

 
Mølen, Scandinavia's first UNESCO Global Geopark

Vestfold is Norway's smallest county, with the exception of the city-county of Oslo. It lies on the western shore of the Oslofjord. Vestfold borders with Buskerud County in the north and with Telemark County in the west. It is bordered by Skagerrak in the North Sea to both the south and east. The county has a total area of 2,157 square kilometres (833 sq mi) and has a 980 kilometres (610 mi) coastline. Vestfjellet at 634.04 metres (2,080.2 ft) is the tallest peak in the county. It is also home to 1,407 islands.[10] Nøtterøy (60 square kilometres (23 sq mi)) is the largest island in Vestfold, while Tjøme (39 square kilometres (15 sq mi)) is the second-largest island.[49][50]

There is a total of 634 freshwater lakes in Vestfold, with a total area of 79 square kilometers. Large lakes include Farris, Eikeren, Goksjø, Hallevannet, Akersvannet, and others. Vestfold makes up 0.7 percent of Norway's total land area. Ten Norwegian municipalities are larger in size than Vestfold County.[50] As an example, Kautokeino municipality in Finnmark County is over four times larger than Vestfold County. The county of Finnmark is 22 times larger than Vestfold.

Geology edit

 
Nøtterøy is the largest island in Vestfold.
 
Visitor Center at World's End in Færder National Park

The county's soft soil is composed of varieties of moraine and sedimentary soils. The Ice Age left large parts of Vestfold below sea level, and the most cultivated soil can be found on the marine terraces. Marine clay and sand cover most of the lower lying country in the south-west and north. The Vestfold moraine, a continuation of the Østfold moraine at Moss, is an ice-formed formation which stretches as a cohesive gravel ridge through the county, from Horten in the east to Mølen in the south.[50]

Preserved areas edit

Færder National Park was the county's first national park when the decision was formalized by King Harald V on 23 August 2013.[10][51] The visitor center is at World's End, and was officially opened by Queen Sonja on 26 June 2015.[52][53] The national park lies in Nøtterøy- and Tjøme municipalities, and is made up of 325 square kilometres (125 sq mi) of ocean and 15 square kilometres (5.8 sq mi) of land. It stretches from Ormøy in the north to Færder Lighthouse in the south.[53] It is one of two marine national parks in Norway, and is made up of coast, skerries, islands and sea bed.[54]

Mølen in Larvik is home to Norway's largest stone beach[55] and is an ancient burial site consisting of 230 cairns, some exceeding 35 metres (115 ft) in diameter. Excavations have dated the rock piles to about 250 A.D.[56][57] It was the first UNESCO Global Geopark in the Nordics when established in 2008.[58][59] Mølen is one of Larvik's most popular tourist attractions. It is home to over a hundred species of rock, including Norway's national stone, Larvikite, which is named from the area. It is a crucially important seabird habitat, where over 316 species of bird have been recorded.[60][61]

Municipalities edit

 
Municipalities in Vestfold County

Vestfold County has experienced a large reduction in number of municipalities. As of 1949, the county was home to 19 rural municipalities and seven city municipalities. There were 14 municipalities as of 2016, but the number decreased to 6 as of 2024.

  1. Holmestrand (added Hof on 1 January 2018)
  2. Horten
  3. Tønsberg (added Re on 1 January 2020)
  4. Færder (from 1 January 2018, when Nøtterøy and Tjøme were merged)
  5. Sandefjord (added Andebu and Stokke on 1 January 2017)
  6. Larvik (added Lardal on 1 January 2018)

Cities edit

Main article: list of towns and cities in Norway

Parishes edit

  • Andebu
  • Arnadal (Arendal)
  • Berg
  • Borre
  • Botne
  • Brunlanes
  • Fon
  • Fredricksværn, see Stavern
  • Hedrum
  • Hem
  • Hillestad
  • Hof
  • Holmestrand
  • Horten
  • Hvarnes
  • Høyjord
  • Kjose
  • Kodal
  • Konnerud
  • Kvelde
  • Langestrand
  • Lardal
  • Larvik
  • Nykirke
  • Nøtterøy
  • Ramnes
  • Sandar
  • Sande
  • Sandefjord
  • Sandeherred, see Sandar
  • Sankt Laurentii
  • Sem
  • Skjee
  • Skoger
  • Slagen
  • Stavern
  • Stokke
  • Strømm (Strømmen)
  • Strømsgodset
  • Styrvoll
  • Svarstad
  • Svelvik
  • Tanum
  • Tjølling
  • Tjøme
  • Tønsberg
  • Undrumsdal
  • Valløy
  • Vassås
  • Vivestad
  • Vor Frue (Maria)
  • Våle
  • Åsgårdstrand
  • Larvik Branch (LDS, early-1927)
  • Tønsberg Branch (LDS, early-1951)
  • Larvik (Katolske Apostoliske, 1888–1963)

Villages edit

Main article: list of villages in Vestfold

Former Municipalities edit

Main article: list of former municipalities of Norway

Political strength edit

Results from parliamentary elections in Vestfold County since 1973:[62][63]

Bold letters represent the alliances (Leftwing Ap+SV. Centre KrF+V+Sp. Rightwing H+Frp). M = Number of elected parliamentarians.

Year Ap SV Total M KrF V Sp Total M H Frp Total M
1973 33,8 8,9 42,7 3 10,3 3,0 7,6 20,9 2 26,5 6,6 33,1 2
1977 39,8 2,6 42,4 3 10,2 2,8 7,2 20,2 1 33,7 2,0 35,7 3
1981 33,9 2,9 36,8 3 8,2 3,2 4,2 15,6 0 41,9 4,7 46,6 4
1985 35,4 4,0 39,4 3 7,0 2,7 4,4 14,1 1 40,9 4,8 45,7 3
1989 30,1 8,3 38,4 4 7,1 2,7 4,5 14,3 0 28,9 16,5 45,4 3
1993 35,4 6,5 41,9 3 6,9 2,7 13,2 22,8 1 23,1 10,3 33,2 3
1997 33,5 5,3 38,8 3 12,5 3,2 5,6 21,3 1 18,1 20,1 38,2 3
2001 21,6 11,6 33,2 3 11,0 2,8 3,3 17,1 1 25,5 18,7 44,2 4
2005 30,2 8,4 38,6 4 6,0 5,0 3,6 14,6 0 15,3 29,3 44,6 3
2009 33,7 6,5 40,2 4 4,7 3,0 3,2 10,9 0 19,6 27,2 46,8 3
2013 29,6 3,8 33,4 2 4,9 4,5 3,0 12,4 1 30,0 19,5 49,5 4
2017 28,0 5,0 33,0 2 3,7 3,8 6,3 13,8 1 30,1 16,9 47,0 4

Demographics edit

Religion in Vestfold[64][65]
Religion Percent
Christianity
 
 84.85%
Islam
 
 1.41%
Buddhism
 
 0.26%
Other
 
 13.48%

According to Statistics Norway, Vestfold County was home to 244,967 residents as of 1 January 2016.[66] Immigrants made up 11.9 percent of the population in 2017.[67] Most immigrants were from Poland (4,287 people), followed by Lithuania (2,794) and Iraq (1,549).[67] Despite its small size, Vestfold had the third-highest population density in Norway.[10] However, the population density may still have been considered low; as an example, the population density of the Netherlands was four times higher than that of Vestfold County in 1998.[50]

Sandefjord was the most populous city of Vestfold County;[38] one in four people from Vestfold were from Sandefjord, or 25.2 percent of the county population.[68]

Economy edit

 
Jotun is one of the world's largest manufacturers of paints and coating products.[69][70][71]

Traditional industries in Vestfold have included whaling and ship building. For over 50 years in the 19th century, Sandefjord and partially Tønsberg functioned as the world centre for the whaling industry.[30] However, whaling ended in the 1960s and the ship building industry has gradually reduced since the 1980s. Information technology is currently a growing industry, and the county is home to large web shops such as Komplett, MPX.no and netshop.no. 18.9 percent of the county's total area is used for agriculture, the highest percentage of any county in Norway. 70% of agricultural lands are used for the cultivation of grains.[10] Vestfold's farming area makes up five percent of Norway's cultivated areas. However, by area, Vestfold only makes up 0.7 percent of Norway's land area.[50]

Vestfold has Norway's most expensive vacation homes. Sandefjord had Norway's most expensive vacation homes in 2012, while Tjøme had the most expensive homes as of 2010.[72][73] General property values appreciated 28.3 percent between 2010 and 2015.[74]

Tourism edit

 
Lilleskagen Beach at Hvasser in Færder
 
The harbor in Tønsberg
 
The pier in Nevlunghavn, the southernmost point in mainland Vestfold (excluding islands).[75][76]

Summer tourism is an important industry in Vestfold, particularly in coastal communities such as Sandefjord, Tjøme and Stavern. Coastal cities also have large numbers of vacation homes. There were 534,724 hotel stays in 2015, where the purpose was vacationing for 236,895. Most international tourists were from the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Denmark. There were 781,459 stays at rental cabins or campgrounds in 2015.[10] Consequentially, the population increases drastically during summer months in municipalities such as Sandefjord,[77] Tjøme, and elsewhere. The population at Tjøme goes from 4,500 to around 50,000 each summer.[78] The population of islands such as Tjøme often quadruple during summer,[79] while summer communities as Stavern often sees a doubling or tripling.[80] Tjøme Island is home to nearly as many vacation homes as residential homes.[81]

While Tjøme has the nickname Sommerøya ("the Summer Island"),[82][83] Sandefjord is nicknamed Badebyen ("the Bathing City") due to its many beaches and former spas.[84] Sandefjord is known for its many great beaches,[85][86] and it is primarily known as a summer resort community.[87][88] It first became a bathing destination when sulphur was discovered in 1837.[89][38] The city gained further recognition when Sandefjord Sulfur Spa and Resort (Kurbadet) was established in 1837. The bath was one of the most visited in Europe during the late 19th century.[90]

Vestfold's most visited tourist attractions include Borre mound cemetery, the largest burial site in Northern Europe, as well as numerous sites along the coast. Architectural sites include the villages of Åsgårdstrand, Karljohansvern in Horten, and Fredriksvern in Stavern. Other important attractions are Sandefjord Whaling Museum, Mølen Geopark in Larvik, as well as Tønsberg Fortress (Slottsfjellet) in Tønsberg.[10]

Largest companies edit

Largest companies in Vestfold County based on operating income in 2015:[91]

No. Company Operating income
in 2015 (in NOK)
1 Jotun A/S 16 844 327
2 Komplett AS 7 256 700
3 Kongsberg Maritime AS 6 957 840
4 Asko Vestfold Telemark AS 4 617 791
5 Sykehuset i Vestfold HF 4 595 010

Culture edit

 
Høyjord Stave Church, Vestfold's only stave church. Its chancel dates to year 1100.[92]
 
Tower at Tønsberg Fortress in Tønsberg

Vestfold is the county in Norway with the most traces from the Viking Age.[93][94][95] Examples include the Oseberg- and Gokstad Burial Mounds. While the Oseberg Ship was discovered in Tønsberg, the Gokstad Ship was discovered in Sandefjord. The Gokstad Ship is Norway's largest preserved Viking ship. Both ships are now located at the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo. Additional burial mounds are found at Borre mound cemetery and Mølen, an UNESCO Global Geopark. Borre mound cemetery is home to Northern Europe's largest burial mound site from Viking Age.[10]

Vestfold is home to 21 churches dating to medieval times. It is also home to one stave church, Høyjord Stave Church in Andebu (Sandefjord). Nearby Andebu Church also has Norway's oldest parish register, dating to 1623.[38] The city of Sandefjord proper is home to Europe's only museum dedicated to whaling, Sandefjord Museum in the city centre.[96][97][98] This museum also owns Southern Actor, a whale-catcher turned museum ship. Southern Actor is the only whale-catcher from the Modern Whaling Epoch still to be in its original working order.[39][40] Also at Sandefjord Harbor is the Harbour Chapel (Bryggekapellet), which is the only floating church in Norway[99] and most likely Europe,[100] perhaps the only floating church in the world.[101]

The city of Tønsberg is Norway's oldest city, most likely founded in year 871.[102][79][103][104] Tønsberg is home to Tønsberg Fortress, which is Scandinavia's largest ruin site. It includes ruins from Castrum Tunsbergis, Norway's largest castle in the 13th century. An outdoor music festival is held at Tønsberg Fortress every July.[105][79] Ruins of a German fortress can be seen at Folehavna Fort on West Island, Sandefjord.[106]

Transportation edit

 
Daily ferries by Color Line and Fjord Line connect Sandefjord to Sweden.[107][108]

The Vestfold Line is a railway line that runs from Drammen, through a number of towns in Vestfold and ending in the town of Skien in Telemark. European route E18 runs through the county roughly parallel to the railway.[50]

There are two international ferry connections, both operated by Color Line. Larvik is connected to the Danish town Hirtshals, the other route is between Sandefjord and Strømstad in Sweden. Fjord Line is also a ferry operator between Sandefjord and Strømstad. In addition there is a domestic route connecting Horten and Moss.

Sandefjord Airport Torp is one of Norway's largest airports.[109] Only Bergen- and Oslo Airports have more international flights than Torp Airport.[110] Despite being located 74 miles south of Oslo, Torp is sometimes called Oslo Airport Torp. It is reached with a free shuttle bus from Sandefjord Airport Station on Vestfoldbanen. Torp is regional hub for low-cost carrier Norwegian, as well as low-cost carriers Ryanair and WizzAir also operate from the airport.[111] Torp offers direct routes to over 30 international and domestic destinations,[112] including daily flights to European cities such as London and Amsterdam.[113]

Points of interest edit

Larvik edit

 
Hall of Remembrance (Minnehallen) outside Stavern
 
Edvard Munch's former summer house at Åsgårdstrand

Horten edit

Tønsberg and Færder edit

 
Tønsberg Fortress contains ruins from Norway's largest 13th century castle.[127]

Sandefjord edit

 
Viking chieftain Olaf Geirstad-Alf was buried at the Gokstad Mound.[27][130]

Archaeological sites edit

 
The rock settings at Istrehågan resemble a ship.[131][132]
 
Borre National Park is home to Scandinavia's[133] and Northern Europe's largest burial mound site.[10]

Istrehågan edit

Main article: Istrehågan

Istrehågan is an ancient burial ground which dates to the Roman Iron Age around 1500-500 BCE.[18] It is located at Jåberg in Tjølling, on the border between Sandefjord and Larvik.[134][131] The rock settings at Istrehågan resemble a ship. It is 24 metres (79 ft) long, and 9 metres (30 ft) meters broad. Archaeological excavations made in 1959-61 uncovered remains of bones, bear claws, pottery shards, a brooch, and more.[135] At Haugen farm on the Sandefjord side is Vestfold County's largest collection of petroglyphs.[136]

Borre National Park edit

Main article: Borre National Park
 
Tools found by archeologists at Kaupang

At Borrehaugene near Borrre there are 9 large mounds and around 30 smaller ones.[22][137] It is the largest burial mound site in Northern Europe.[10]

Borre mound cemetery most likely contains graves belonging to kings of the Yngling dynasty. It is mentioned in the poem Ynglingatal as the burial site of one of two kings belonging to the royal dynasty of the Ynglingas.[138]

Kaupang edit

Main article: Kaupang

Kaupang in Skiringssal (Larvik) is home to remains from the oldest Nordic town yet discovered.[119] It was a trade centre established around year 800, making it one of Scandinavia's earliest urban sites. The settlement was abandoned in the mid-10th century.[118] It is located in Kaupang Bay in Viksfjord, Larvik. Archeological finds include melting pots, jewelry parts, casting moulds and casting models.[139] Most of Kaupang remains not excavated.[140] There are replicas of Viking homes at Kaupang today, giving insight to how homes were constructed during the Viking Age.[141][142]

Oseberg Burial Mound edit

Main article: Oseberg Ship
 
The 22-meter (72 ft.) Oseberg Ship was excavated in Tønsberg.

Oseberg Mound is located in Tønsberg and is where the Oseberg Ship was discovered. The ship, which dates to 834 A.D., had a length of 22 metres (72 ft). Two female skeletons were found in the ship's burial chamber.[143]

Viking burial site at Gulli edit

Gulli, outside Tønsberg, was the site of an archaeological excavation during the period from 2003 to 2004, prior to asphalt being laid for constructing the new E18 (road).[144] There were 60 graves - 20 of those were preserved to a degree that [authorities decided] permitted examinations.[144] "Perhaps the most spectacular [item] was a høvre" - used with a horse's harness. "There are few of those in Norway - one in Trøndelag and a gilded one found in Borre".[144] The artifacts are on display at the Midgard Historical Centre in Borre.[145][146]

Fevang edit

19th century archeologists were struck by the many burial mounds and artifacts discovered at Fevang near Torp Airport in Sandefjord. Local farmers had discovered various artifacts in the 19th- and early 20th centuries. Archeologist Nicolay Nicolaysen traveled to Fevang and concluded that Fevang was home to an array of ancient burial mounds. Nicolaysen further discovered that Fevang had been an active graveyard for over 1,000 years - since year 0 A.D. until the first Christian cemeteries were established. Among the artifacts discovered were a gold jewel named Berlokk, which was retrieved in a woman's grave along with two gold beads, two blue glass beads, a hairpin, ceramic, burnt bones, and two clips of bronze. Her tomb is dated to the Old Iron Age, around 0-400 A.D.[147][148]

Gokstad Mound edit

Main article: Gokstad Mound
 
Interpretive signs at Gokstad Mound
 
Burial mound at Mølen dated to the Bronze Age

Gokstad Mound in Sandefjord was where the Gokstad Ship was excavated by Nicolay Nicolaysen in 1880.[149] The skeleton of a man was found in the ship, long believed to be Olaf Geirstad-Alf, former king of Vestfold and half-brother of Halfdan the Black, the father of Harald Fairhair, Norway's first king. However, recent discoveries have increased uncertainty and it therefore remains unknown what chieftain was buried at Gokstad.[150][151]

The ship, which is the largest found in Norway, is currently located at the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo. The 23.8 metres (78 ft) ship was buried along with numerous gifts, including weapons, jewels, a gaming board, fish-hooks, 64 shields, six beds, three smaller boats and kitchen utensils. Twelve horses, eight dogs, two goshawks and two peacocks were also discovered in the grave.[152][153]

Interpretive signs have been put up at the mound and Gaia, an exact replica of the Gokstad Ship, can be seen on Museum's Wharf at Sandefjord Harbor.[154]

Mølen edit

Main article: Mølen
 
Bøkeskogen is home to one of Norway's largest burial grounds from the Iron Age.[115]

The Old Norse word Mol translates to cairns, a site often used by ancient peoples to mark a burial site. Mølen, which is Norway's largest stone beach, is home to 230 cairns, which have been built over ages. Some cairns have been dated to 250 A.D.[56][61] The isthmus of Mølen is home to stone piles, grave mounds, and stone settings, which are all part of a protected historic site. The last Ice Age pushed large amounts of gravel and stones ahead of it, and deposited it as a moraine through all of Vestfold, known as Vestfoldraet. Raet meets the ocean at Mølen, where the moraine sinks into the sea. Its encounter with the Skagerrak ocean waves has uncovered and polished the huge round stone floor for centuries.[155]

Bøkeskogen edit

Main article: Bøkeskogen

Besides being the largest beech tree forest in Norway, and the most northernmost beech tree forest in the world,[116] Bøkeskogen is also an important archeological area. 83-90 burial mounds have been discovered in the forest. Some of these include the largest burial grounds from the Pre-Roman Iron Age in Vestfold County.[156]

Recreation edit

 
Hiking trail at Mølen GeoPark in Larvik

At least 238 kilometers of coastal hiking trails can be found in Vestfold County, from Larvik in the south to Svelvik in the north.[157] Hiking trails are found throughout the county, including at World's End in Færder National Park. Furthermore, there is a 35 km (22 mi.) marked trail between the towns of Stavern and Helgeroa. Mølen, Kjærrafossen and Bøkeskogen are also home to various trails. Tønsberg Barrel, an old beacon dated to Sverris saga in the Middle Ages,[158] sits at Yxnøy on Sandefjord's East Island. West Island is home to Folehavna Fort and additional trails.[159] Combined, the trails on Sandefjord's East- and West Islands are 45 km (28 mi.), and a part of the international North Sea Trail.[160][161] Bøkeskogen in Larvik is home to various trails, varying from 2.6 km (1.6 mi.) to 10 km (6.2 mi.) in length.[162]

Fauna edit

 
European Lynx is found throughout Vestfold, including Tønsberg and Sandefjord.[163][164][165][166][167]

Vestfold's fauna includes species such as the White-tailed eagle, Roe deer, Moose, European hedgehog, Eurasian eagle-owl, Mountain hare, European badger, European pine marten, and Norway lemming. Rare observations of Gray wolf, European lynx,[166][167] and Brown bear do occur.[168] A wolf shot in Lardal in 2013 was the first wolf killed in the county in over 100 years.[169] Between 700 and 800 moose are annually hunted in Vestfold.[10] Larvik has one of the highest numbers of moose in Norway.[156]

The Harbor seal is the most commonly observed species of seal in Vestfold, and it was estimated to be at minimum 183 seals in Vestfold as of August 2014.[170][171] Dolphins are uncommon, however, a Common bottlenose dolphin was observed by Nøtterøy in 2014,[172] and a Striped dolphin was observed the same summer at Helgeroa in Larvik.[173]

Common European Viper is the only venomous snake found in Norway.[174] There are two non-venomous snake species in Vestfold County: European grass snake and European smooth snake.[175]

Vestfold has a rich avifauna: over 130 bird species have been observed in Svelvik,[176] while Mølen in Larvik has the national record of 320 species.[177]

Wildlife refuge edit

Saltstein is part of a protected habitat for birds.[178] From 2014 surfing was permitted off Saltstein.[178]

Besides being an UNESCO Global Geopark, Mølen in Larvik is a habitat for a variety of rare bird species.[179] Mølen became a protected sanctuary for birds in 1970.[59] 320 species of birds have been recorded at Mølen, more species than at any other site in Norway.[177][180]

Wildlife preserves include Melsom- and Hemskilen Wildlife Preserves. Hemskilen Wildlife Preserve lies on the Larvik-Sandefjord border and is an important habitat for shorebirds, geese, and Passerines.[181] Melsom Plant- and Wildlife Preserve in Sandefjord is home to various older oaks, some of them home to as many as 1,500 different species of insects.[182] Marøyskjæra Bird Preserve consists of two skerries west of Natholmen Island, which have been important nesting areas for Common tern and Common gull since the 1980s. Over 500 seagulls hatched on the islets in the 1990s.[183][184]

In popular culture edit

Although not filmed in Vestfold, the City of Tønsberg appears in the films Thor (2011) and also in Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), and in Avengers: Endgame[185]

Some films shot in Vestfold include:

Gallery edit

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External links edit

 
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    January 09, 2024
    vestfold, pronounced, ˈvɛ, stfɔɫ, county, current, electoral, district, eastern, norway, 2020, county, became, part, much, larger, county, telemark, located, western, shore, oslofjord, bordered, previous, buskerud, telemark, counties, county, administration, l. Vestfold pronounced ˈvɛ stfɔɫ is a county and a current electoral district in Eastern Norway In 2020 the county became part of the much larger county of Vestfold og Telemark Located on the western shore of the Oslofjord it bordered the previous Buskerud and Telemark counties The county administration was located in Tonsberg Norway s oldest city 4 5 6 and the largest city is Sandefjord With the exception of the city county of Oslo Vestfold was the smallest county in Norway by area 7 Vestfold was the only county in which all municipalities had declared Bokmal to be their sole official written form of the Norwegian language 8 Vestfold County Vestfold fylkeCountyFlagCoat of armsVestfold within NorwayCoordinates 59 21 N 10 07 E 59 35 N 10 12 E 59 35 10 12CountryNorwayCountyVestfoldDistrictOstlandetAdministrative centreTonsbergGovernment BodyVestfold County Municipality Governor 2022 Fred Ivar Syrstad acting County mayor 2023 Anne Stromoy H Area Total2 167 7 km2 837 0 sq mi Land2 092 4 km2 807 9 sq mi Water75 2 km2 29 0 sq mi 3 5 Rank 14 in NorwayPopulation 2023 Total253 555 Rank 11 in Norway Density121 2 km2 314 sq mi Change 10 years 9 2 DemonymVestfolding 1 Official language 2 Norwegian formBokmalTime zoneUTC 01 00 CET Summer DST UTC 02 00 CEST ISO 3166 codeNO 39 3 Income per capita 148 300 NOK kr 2001 GDP per capita 219 970 NOK kr 2001 GDP national rank 10 in Norway 3 of country Data from Statistics NorwayVestfold is located west of the Oslofjord as the name indicates It includes many smaller but well known towns in Norway such as Holmestrand Horten Tonsberg Sandefjord and Larvik these towns run from Oslo in an almost constant belt of urban areas along the coast ending in Grenland in neighbouring region Telemark The river Numedalslagen runs through the county Many islands are located at the coast Vestfold is mostly dominated by lowland and is among the best agricultural areas of Norway Winters last about three months while pleasant summer temperatures last from May to September with a July average high of 17 C 63 F 9 Vestfold is traditionally known for shipping and sailing Sandefjord was formerly a headquarters for the Norwegian whaling fleet and Horten used to be Norway s main naval port The coastal towns of Vestfold now engage in fishing and shipbuilding Some lumbering is carried on in the interior The area also includes some of the best farmland in Norway Vestfold merged with neighboring Telemark County on 1 January 2020 as part of a nationwide municipal reform The new county name was Vestfold og Telemark 10 11 Vestfold county was re established on 1 January 2024 following a vote of the county council of Vestfold og Telemark on 15 February 2022 to split the newly established county into its respective counties that existed before the merger took place Telemark and Vestfold Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2 1 Viking history 2 1 1 Kings ruling some or all of Vestfold 2 2 Whaling 3 Geography 3 1 Geology 3 2 Preserved areas 3 3 Municipalities 4 Cities 5 Parishes 6 Villages 7 Former Municipalities 8 Political strength 9 Demographics 10 Economy 10 1 Tourism 10 2 Largest companies 11 Culture 12 Transportation 13 Points of interest 13 1 Larvik 13 2 Horten 13 3 Tonsberg and Faerder 13 4 Sandefjord 14 Archaeological sites 14 1 Istrehagan 14 2 Borre National Park 14 3 Kaupang 14 4 Oseberg Burial Mound 14 5 Viking burial site at Gulli 14 6 Fevang 14 7 Gokstad Mound 14 8 Molen 14 9 Bokeskogen 15 Recreation 16 Fauna 16 1 Wildlife refuge 17 In popular culture 18 Gallery 19 References 20 External linksEtymology editVestfold is the old name of the region which was revived in modern times Fold was the old name of the Oslofjord and the meaning of the name Vestfold is the region west of the Fold see also Ostfold Before 1919 the county was called Jarlsberg og Larvik Amt The amt was created in 1821 consisting of the two old counties of Jarlsberg and Larvik 12 In the Viking Age Vestfold also referred to Eiker Drammen Kongsberg Lier now in Buskerud 13 14 15 Vestfold Hills on Antarctica s Sorsdal Glacier is named after the county History editViking history edit nbsp Norway s largest preserved Viking ship Gokstad ship was discovered at Gokstad Mound Sandefjord 16 17 nbsp Istrehagan ancient burial ground which dates to the Roman Iron Age 1500 500 BCE 18 Historical populationYearPop 1951154 670 1961174 382 12 7 1971175 402 0 6 1981186 691 6 4 1991198 354 6 2 2001215 030 8 4 2011233 705 8 7 2021 262 777 12 4 2031 287 496 9 4 Source Statistics Norway 19 Vestfold is mentioned for the first time in a written source in 813 when Danish kings were in Vestfold to quell an uprising amongst the Fursts vague 20 There may have been as many as six political centers in Vestfold At that time Kaupang which was located in Tjolling near Larvik had been functioning for decades and had a chieftain Kaupang which dates from the Viking Era is believed to be the first town in Norway although Tonsberg which dates from ca 900 is the oldest town in Norway still in existence At Borre there was a site for another chieftain That site held chieftains for more than one hundred years prior to 813 21 The stone mounds at Molen have been dated to the Viking Age 22 The mounds at Haugar in present day Tonsberg s town centre have been dated to the Viking period At Farmannshaugen in Sem there seems to have been activity at the time while activity at Oseberghaugen and Gokstadhaugen dates from a few decades later citation needed An English source from around 890 retells the voyage of Ottar Ottar fra Halogaland from the farthest North along Norvegr via Kaupang and Hedeby to England where Ottar places Kaupang in the land of the Dane danenes land 22 Bjorn Brandlien says that To the degree that Harald Harfagre gathered a kingdom after the Battle of Hafrsfjord at the end of the 9th century that especially is connected to Avaldsnes it does not seem to have made such a great impression on Ottar 22 Kaupang is mentioned under the name of Skiringssal Kaupangen i Skiringssal in Ottar s tales 23 24 By the 10th century the local kings had established themselves The king or his ombudsman resided in the old Royal Court at Saeheim i Sem today the Jarlsberg Estate Jarlsberg Hovedgard in Tonsberg The farm Haugar from Old Norse haugr meaning hill or mound became the seat for Haugating the Thing for Vestfold and one of Norway s most important place for the proclamation of kings 25 26 The family of Harald Fairhair who was most likely the first king of Norway is said to have come from this area The Danish kings seem to have been weak in Vestfold from around the middle of the 9th century until the middle of the 10th century but their rule was strengthened there at the end of the 10th century 22 The Danish kings seem to have tried to control the region until the 13th century 22 Kings ruling some or all of Vestfold edit nbsp Halfdan the Black 9th century king of Vestfold His brother was long believed to be buried at the Gokstad Mound 27 28 29 Erik Agnarsson Halfdan Hvitbeinn part of Vestfold Eystein Halfdansson Halfdan the Mild Gudrod the Hunter Halfdan the Black together with his brother Olaf Gudrodsson Ragnvald the Mountain High Cousin of Harold Fairhair Harald Fairhair Bjorn Farmann Olaf Haraldsson Geirstadalf brother of Bjorn Harald Gudrodsson Grenske 976 987Whaling edit nbsp Southern Actor whale catcher turned museum shipWhaling was an important 19th century industry in coastal cities such as Larvik Tonsberg and Sandefjord which was the world centre for the world s modern whaling industry Not only did men from Vestfold County make up practically all the crew on the Norwegian whaling fleet but many were also involved in the whaling industry in other nations 30 As an example the first phase of modern Australian whaling was almost entirely based on workers from Larvik 31 While the first whaling station in the Faroe Islands was established by Sandefjordians 32 Larvik played a similar role for the Shetland Islands Tonsberg initiated much of the whaling industry in Iceland and the Hebrides 33 The largest settlement in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Grytviken was established by Carl Anton Larsen of Sandefjord on 16 November 1904 34 35 Sandefjordian Nils Larsen s expeditions to Antarctica in the early 20th century led to the Norwegian annexation of Bouvet Island 1927 and Peter I Island 1929 A cove on Peter I Island is named Sandefjord Cove in honor of Nils Larsen s hometown 36 37 Sandefjord Harbor is now home to Southern Actor the only whale catcher from the Modern Whaling Epoch still to be in its original order 38 39 40 The museum ship is owned by Sandefjord Whaling Museum Europe s only museum dedicated to whaling 41 42 43 Sandefjord has been named the centre of the Modern Whaling Epoch 44 and has been nicknamed the whaling capital of the world 45 46 47 48 Geography edit nbsp Molen Scandinavia s first UNESCO Global GeoparkVestfold is Norway s smallest county with the exception of the city county of Oslo It lies on the western shore of the Oslofjord Vestfold borders with Buskerud County in the north and with Telemark County in the west It is bordered by Skagerrak in the North Sea to both the south and east The county has a total area of 2 157 square kilometres 833 sq mi and has a 980 kilometres 610 mi coastline Vestfjellet at 634 04 metres 2 080 2 ft is the tallest peak in the county It is also home to 1 407 islands 10 Notteroy 60 square kilometres 23 sq mi is the largest island in Vestfold while Tjome 39 square kilometres 15 sq mi is the second largest island 49 50 There is a total of 634 freshwater lakes in Vestfold with a total area of 79 square kilometers Large lakes include Farris Eikeren Goksjo Hallevannet Akersvannet and others Vestfold makes up 0 7 percent of Norway s total land area Ten Norwegian municipalities are larger in size than Vestfold County 50 As an example Kautokeino municipality in Finnmark County is over four times larger than Vestfold County The county of Finnmark is 22 times larger than Vestfold Geology edit nbsp Notteroy is the largest island in Vestfold nbsp Visitor Center at World s End in Faerder National ParkThe county s soft soil is composed of varieties of moraine and sedimentary soils The Ice Age left large parts of Vestfold below sea level and the most cultivated soil can be found on the marine terraces Marine clay and sand cover most of the lower lying country in the south west and north The Vestfold moraine a continuation of the Ostfold moraine at Moss is an ice formed formation which stretches as a cohesive gravel ridge through the county from Horten in the east to Molen in the south 50 Preserved areas edit Faerder National Park was the county s first national park when the decision was formalized by King Harald V on 23 August 2013 10 51 The visitor center is at World s End and was officially opened by Queen Sonja on 26 June 2015 52 53 The national park lies in Notteroy and Tjome municipalities and is made up of 325 square kilometres 125 sq mi of ocean and 15 square kilometres 5 8 sq mi of land It stretches from Ormoy in the north to Faerder Lighthouse in the south 53 It is one of two marine national parks in Norway and is made up of coast skerries islands and sea bed 54 Molen in Larvik is home to Norway s largest stone beach 55 and is an ancient burial site consisting of 230 cairns some exceeding 35 metres 115 ft in diameter Excavations have dated the rock piles to about 250 A D 56 57 It was the first UNESCO Global Geopark in the Nordics when established in 2008 58 59 Molen is one of Larvik s most popular tourist attractions It is home to over a hundred species of rock including Norway s national stone Larvikite which is named from the area It is a crucially important seabird habitat where over 316 species of bird have been recorded 60 61 Municipalities edit nbsp Municipalities in Vestfold CountyVestfold County has experienced a large reduction in number of municipalities As of 1949 the county was home to 19 rural municipalities and seven city municipalities There were 14 municipalities as of 2016 but the number decreased to 6 as of 2024 Holmestrand added Hof on 1 January 2018 Horten Tonsberg added Re on 1 January 2020 Faerder from 1 January 2018 when Notteroy and Tjome were merged Sandefjord added Andebu and Stokke on 1 January 2017 Larvik added Lardal on 1 January 2018 Cities editMain article list of towns and cities in Norway Holmestrand Horten Larvik Sandefjord Stavern TonsbergParishes editAndebu Arnadal Arendal Berg Borre Botne Brunlanes Fon Fredricksvaern see Stavern Hedrum Hem Hillestad Hof Holmestrand Horten Hvarnes Hoyjord Kjose Kodal Konnerud Kvelde Langestrand Lardal Larvik Nykirke Notteroy Ramnes Sandar Sande Sandefjord Sandeherred see Sandar Sankt Laurentii Sem Skjee Skoger Slagen Stavern Stokke Stromm Strommen Stromsgodset Styrvoll Svarstad Svelvik Tanum Tjolling Tjome Tonsberg Undrumsdal Valloy Vassas Vivestad Vor Frue Maria Vale Asgardstrand Larvik Branch LDS early 1927 Tonsberg Branch LDS early 1951 Larvik Katolske Apostoliske 1888 1963 Villages editMain article list of villages in Vestfold Andebu Barkaker Berger Bergsasen Bjerkoya Bjornevag Borgheim Borre Brekkeasen Buerstad Duken Eidsfoss Eik Eikeberg Fevang Fokserod Fon Freberg Foynland Gjone Glomstein Gretteasen Grimestad Gullhaug Hafallen Helgeroa Hem Hof Hulebakk Husvik Husoy Hvasser Hoyjord Harkollen Kaupang Kjose Kjopmannskjaer Klever Kodal Kvelde Lahelle Linnestad Melsomvik Nesbrygga Nesbygda Nykirke Ormelet Oterbekk Ramnes Revetal Ranerudasen Rastad Sande Selvik Sem Skallestad Skinmo Skjerve Skoppum Sollokka Solvang Stavern Stokke Storevar Strand Strengsdal Sundbyfoss Sundene Svarstad Svelvik Svinevoll Teie Tenvik Torod Ula Unneberg Valberg Vassas Vear Veierland Verdens Ende Verningen Vestskogen Vollen Aroysund AsgardstrandFormer Municipalities editMain article list of former municipalities of Norway Andebu Borre Botne Brunlanes Hedrum Hof Lardal Notteroy Ramnes Sandar Sem Skoger Stavern Stokke Stromm Tjolling Tjome Vale AsgardstrandPolitical strength editResults from parliamentary elections in Vestfold County since 1973 62 63 Bold letters represent the alliances Leftwing Ap SV Centre KrF V Sp Rightwing H Frp M Number of elected parliamentarians Year Ap SV Total M KrF V Sp Total M H Frp Total M1973 33 8 8 9 42 7 3 10 3 3 0 7 6 20 9 2 26 5 6 6 33 1 21977 39 8 2 6 42 4 3 10 2 2 8 7 2 20 2 1 33 7 2 0 35 7 31981 33 9 2 9 36 8 3 8 2 3 2 4 2 15 6 0 41 9 4 7 46 6 41985 35 4 4 0 39 4 3 7 0 2 7 4 4 14 1 1 40 9 4 8 45 7 31989 30 1 8 3 38 4 4 7 1 2 7 4 5 14 3 0 28 9 16 5 45 4 31993 35 4 6 5 41 9 3 6 9 2 7 13 2 22 8 1 23 1 10 3 33 2 31997 33 5 5 3 38 8 3 12 5 3 2 5 6 21 3 1 18 1 20 1 38 2 32001 21 6 11 6 33 2 3 11 0 2 8 3 3 17 1 1 25 5 18 7 44 2 42005 30 2 8 4 38 6 4 6 0 5 0 3 6 14 6 0 15 3 29 3 44 6 32009 33 7 6 5 40 2 4 4 7 3 0 3 2 10 9 0 19 6 27 2 46 8 32013 29 6 3 8 33 4 2 4 9 4 5 3 0 12 4 1 30 0 19 5 49 5 42017 28 0 5 0 33 0 2 3 7 3 8 6 3 13 8 1 30 1 16 9 47 0 4Demographics editReligion in Vestfold 64 65 Religion PercentChristianity 84 85 Islam 1 41 Buddhism 0 26 Other 13 48 According to Statistics Norway Vestfold County was home to 244 967 residents as of 1 January 2016 66 Immigrants made up 11 9 percent of the population in 2017 67 Most immigrants were from Poland 4 287 people followed by Lithuania 2 794 and Iraq 1 549 67 Despite its small size Vestfold had the third highest population density in Norway 10 However the population density may still have been considered low as an example the population density of the Netherlands was four times higher than that of Vestfold County in 1998 50 Sandefjord was the most populous city of Vestfold County 38 one in four people from Vestfold were from Sandefjord or 25 2 percent of the county population 68 Economy edit nbsp Jotun is one of the world s largest manufacturers of paints and coating products 69 70 71 Traditional industries in Vestfold have included whaling and ship building For over 50 years in the 19th century Sandefjord and partially Tonsberg functioned as the world centre for the whaling industry 30 However whaling ended in the 1960s and the ship building industry has gradually reduced since the 1980s Information technology is currently a growing industry and the county is home to large web shops such as Komplett MPX no and netshop no 18 9 percent of the county s total area is used for agriculture the highest percentage of any county in Norway 70 of agricultural lands are used for the cultivation of grains 10 Vestfold s farming area makes up five percent of Norway s cultivated areas However by area Vestfold only makes up 0 7 percent of Norway s land area 50 Vestfold has Norway s most expensive vacation homes Sandefjord had Norway s most expensive vacation homes in 2012 while Tjome had the most expensive homes as of 2010 72 73 General property values appreciated 28 3 percent between 2010 and 2015 74 Tourism edit nbsp Lilleskagen Beach at Hvasser in Faerder nbsp The harbor in Tonsberg nbsp The pier in Nevlunghavn the southernmost point in mainland Vestfold excluding islands 75 76 Summer tourism is an important industry in Vestfold particularly in coastal communities such as Sandefjord Tjome and Stavern Coastal cities also have large numbers of vacation homes There were 534 724 hotel stays in 2015 where the purpose was vacationing for 236 895 Most international tourists were from the United Kingdom Sweden and Denmark There were 781 459 stays at rental cabins or campgrounds in 2015 10 Consequentially the population increases drastically during summer months in municipalities such as Sandefjord 77 Tjome and elsewhere The population at Tjome goes from 4 500 to around 50 000 each summer 78 The population of islands such as Tjome often quadruple during summer 79 while summer communities as Stavern often sees a doubling or tripling 80 Tjome Island is home to nearly as many vacation homes as residential homes 81 While Tjome has the nickname Sommeroya the Summer Island 82 83 Sandefjord is nicknamed Badebyen the Bathing City due to its many beaches and former spas 84 Sandefjord is known for its many great beaches 85 86 and it is primarily known as a summer resort community 87 88 It first became a bathing destination when sulphur was discovered in 1837 89 38 The city gained further recognition when Sandefjord Sulfur Spa and Resort Kurbadet was established in 1837 The bath was one of the most visited in Europe during the late 19th century 90 Vestfold s most visited tourist attractions include Borre mound cemetery the largest burial site in Northern Europe as well as numerous sites along the coast Architectural sites include the villages of Asgardstrand Karljohansvern in Horten and Fredriksvern in Stavern Other important attractions are Sandefjord Whaling Museum Molen Geopark in Larvik as well as Tonsberg Fortress Slottsfjellet in Tonsberg 10 Largest companies edit Largest companies in Vestfold County based on operating income in 2015 91 No Company Operating incomein 2015 in NOK 1 Jotun A S 16 844 3272 Komplett AS 7 256 7003 Kongsberg Maritime AS 6 957 8404 Asko Vestfold Telemark AS 4 617 7915 Sykehuset i Vestfold HF 4 595 010Culture edit nbsp Hoyjord Stave Church Vestfold s only stave church Its chancel dates to year 1100 92 nbsp Tower at Tonsberg Fortress in TonsbergVestfold is the county in Norway with the most traces from the Viking Age 93 94 95 Examples include the Oseberg and Gokstad Burial Mounds While the Oseberg Ship was discovered in Tonsberg the Gokstad Ship was discovered in Sandefjord The Gokstad Ship is Norway s largest preserved Viking ship Both ships are now located at the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo Additional burial mounds are found at Borre mound cemetery and Molen an UNESCO Global Geopark Borre mound cemetery is home to Northern Europe s largest burial mound site from Viking Age 10 Vestfold is home to 21 churches dating to medieval times It is also home to one stave church Hoyjord Stave Church in Andebu Sandefjord Nearby Andebu Church also has Norway s oldest parish register dating to 1623 38 The city of Sandefjord proper is home to Europe s only museum dedicated to whaling Sandefjord Museum in the city centre 96 97 98 This museum also owns Southern Actor a whale catcher turned museum ship Southern Actor is the only whale catcher from the Modern Whaling Epoch still to be in its original working order 39 40 Also at Sandefjord Harbor is the Harbour Chapel Bryggekapellet which is the only floating church in Norway 99 and most likely Europe 100 perhaps the only floating church in the world 101 The city of Tonsberg is Norway s oldest city most likely founded in year 871 102 79 103 104 Tonsberg is home to Tonsberg Fortress which is Scandinavia s largest ruin site It includes ruins from Castrum Tunsbergis Norway s largest castle in the 13th century An outdoor music festival is held at Tonsberg Fortress every July 105 79 Ruins of a German fortress can be seen at Folehavna Fort on West Island Sandefjord 106 Transportation edit nbsp Daily ferries by Color Line and Fjord Line connect Sandefjord to Sweden 107 108 The Vestfold Line is a railway line that runs from Drammen through a number of towns in Vestfold and ending in the town of Skien in Telemark European route E18 runs through the county roughly parallel to the railway 50 There are two international ferry connections both operated by Color Line Larvik is connected to the Danish town Hirtshals the other route is between Sandefjord and Stromstad in Sweden Fjord Line is also a ferry operator between Sandefjord and Stromstad In addition there is a domestic route connecting Horten and Moss Sandefjord Airport Torp is one of Norway s largest airports 109 Only Bergen and Oslo Airports have more international flights than Torp Airport 110 Despite being located 74 miles south of Oslo Torp is sometimes called Oslo Airport Torp It is reached with a free shuttle bus from Sandefjord Airport Station on Vestfoldbanen Torp is regional hub for low cost carrier Norwegian as well as low cost carriers Ryanair and WizzAir also operate from the airport 111 Torp offers direct routes to over 30 international and domestic destinations 112 including daily flights to European cities such as London and Amsterdam 113 Points of interest editLarvik edit nbsp Hall of Remembrance Minnehallen outside Stavern nbsp Edvard Munch s former summer house at AsgardstrandBokeskogen world s northernmost beech tree forest 114 115 116 117 Kaupang home to remains for the oldest Nordic town yet discovered The remains are from one of Scandinavia s earliest urban sites established in year 800 A D 118 119 Molen Scandinavia s first UNESCO Global Geopark Nevlunghavn and Helgeroa adjacent coastal villages Larvik Museum Fritzoehus largest privately owned estate in Norway 120 121 122 Stavern small coastal town home of Citadell Island Fredriksvern Norway s main naval base from the mid 1750s until 1864 80 Minnehallen Hall of Remembrance largest monument in Vestfold 123 Horten edit Borre National Park largest burial mound site in Northern Europe 10 Lovoy Chapel Royal Norwegian Navy Museum Preus Museum Borre Church romanesque medieval church constructed in the 1100s 124 Tordenskioldeika Asgardstrand oceanside resort town 125 126 Borre GolfbaneTonsberg and Faerder edit nbsp Tonsberg Fortress contains ruins from Norway s largest 13th century castle 127 Tonsberg Fortress largest ruin park in the Nordic countries 128 Oseberg Mound site of the discovery of the Oseberg Ship Haugar Tonsberg Cathedral Sem Church Slottsfjellmuseet Nordbyen World s End southernmost point at Tjome 129 Herkelas Tjome Church Faerder National Park first National Park in Vestfold 10 51 Sandefjord edit nbsp Viking chieftain Olaf Geirstad Alf was buried at the Gokstad Mound 27 130 Sandefjord Museum the Whaling Museum Europe s only museum dedicated to whaling 41 42 43 Southern Actor only whale catcher from the Modern Whaling Epoch still to be in its original working order 39 40 38 Gokstad Mound site of the discovery of the 9th century Gokstad Ship Gaia ship replica of the Gokstad Ship docked at Museum s Wharf Sandar Church built on ruins of a 13th century medieval stone church Present church was erected in 1792 Whaler s Monument rotating bronze monument erected in honor of pioneering whalers Sandefjord Church Istrehagan ancient burial ground which dates to the Roman Iron Age around 1500 500 BCE 18 Kurbadet former resort spa and one of Europe s most visited baths in the late 19th century 90 Folehavna Fort ruins from a German fortress erected in 1941 during the German occupation of Norway 106 Hoyjord Stave Church the only stave church left in Vestfold County 38 Langeby popular bathing beach at West Island Goksjo third largest lake in Vestfold County Archaeological sites edit nbsp The rock settings at Istrehagan resemble a ship 131 132 nbsp Borre National Park is home to Scandinavia s 133 and Northern Europe s largest burial mound site 10 Istrehagan edit Main article Istrehagan Istrehagan is an ancient burial ground which dates to the Roman Iron Age around 1500 500 BCE 18 It is located at Jaberg in Tjolling on the border between Sandefjord and Larvik 134 131 The rock settings at Istrehagan resemble a ship It is 24 metres 79 ft long and 9 metres 30 ft meters broad Archaeological excavations made in 1959 61 uncovered remains of bones bear claws pottery shards a brooch and more 135 At Haugen farm on the Sandefjord side is Vestfold County s largest collection of petroglyphs 136 Borre National Park edit Main article Borre National Park nbsp Tools found by archeologists at KaupangAt Borrehaugene near Borrre there are 9 large mounds and around 30 smaller ones 22 137 It is the largest burial mound site in Northern Europe 10 Borre mound cemetery most likely contains graves belonging to kings of the Yngling dynasty It is mentioned in the poem Ynglingatal as the burial site of one of two kings belonging to the royal dynasty of the Ynglingas 138 Kaupang edit Main article Kaupang Kaupang in Skiringssal Larvik is home to remains from the oldest Nordic town yet discovered 119 It was a trade centre established around year 800 making it one of Scandinavia s earliest urban sites The settlement was abandoned in the mid 10th century 118 It is located in Kaupang Bay in Viksfjord Larvik Archeological finds include melting pots jewelry parts casting moulds and casting models 139 Most of Kaupang remains not excavated 140 There are replicas of Viking homes at Kaupang today giving insight to how homes were constructed during the Viking Age 141 142 Oseberg Burial Mound edit Main article Oseberg Ship nbsp The 22 meter 72 ft Oseberg Ship was excavated in Tonsberg Oseberg Mound is located in Tonsberg and is where the Oseberg Ship was discovered The ship which dates to 834 A D had a length of 22 metres 72 ft Two female skeletons were found in the ship s burial chamber 143 Viking burial site at Gulli edit Gulli outside Tonsberg was the site of an archaeological excavation during the period from 2003 to 2004 prior to asphalt being laid for constructing the new E18 road 144 There were 60 graves 20 of those were preserved to a degree that authorities decided permitted examinations 144 Perhaps the most spectacular item was a hovre used with a horse s harness There are few of those in Norway one in Trondelag and a gilded one found in Borre 144 The artifacts are on display at the Midgard Historical Centre in Borre 145 146 Fevang edit 19th century archeologists were struck by the many burial mounds and artifacts discovered at Fevang near Torp Airport in Sandefjord Local farmers had discovered various artifacts in the 19th and early 20th centuries Archeologist Nicolay Nicolaysen traveled to Fevang and concluded that Fevang was home to an array of ancient burial mounds Nicolaysen further discovered that Fevang had been an active graveyard for over 1 000 years since year 0 A D until the first Christian cemeteries were established Among the artifacts discovered were a gold jewel named Berlokk which was retrieved in a woman s grave along with two gold beads two blue glass beads a hairpin ceramic burnt bones and two clips of bronze Her tomb is dated to the Old Iron Age around 0 400 A D 147 148 Gokstad Mound edit Main article Gokstad Mound nbsp Interpretive signs at Gokstad Mound nbsp Burial mound at Molen dated to the Bronze AgeGokstad Mound in Sandefjord was where the Gokstad Ship was excavated by Nicolay Nicolaysen in 1880 149 The skeleton of a man was found in the ship long believed to be Olaf Geirstad Alf former king of Vestfold and half brother of Halfdan the Black the father of Harald Fairhair Norway s first king However recent discoveries have increased uncertainty and it therefore remains unknown what chieftain was buried at Gokstad 150 151 The ship which is the largest found in Norway is currently located at the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo The 23 8 metres 78 ft ship was buried along with numerous gifts including weapons jewels a gaming board fish hooks 64 shields six beds three smaller boats and kitchen utensils Twelve horses eight dogs two goshawks and two peacocks were also discovered in the grave 152 153 Interpretive signs have been put up at the mound and Gaia an exact replica of the Gokstad Ship can be seen on Museum s Wharf at Sandefjord Harbor 154 Molen edit Main article Molen nbsp Bokeskogen is home to one of Norway s largest burial grounds from the Iron Age 115 The Old Norse word Mol translates to cairns a site often used by ancient peoples to mark a burial site Molen which is Norway s largest stone beach is home to 230 cairns which have been built over ages Some cairns have been dated to 250 A D 56 61 The isthmus of Molen is home to stone piles grave mounds and stone settings which are all part of a protected historic site The last Ice Age pushed large amounts of gravel and stones ahead of it and deposited it as a moraine through all of Vestfold known as Vestfoldraet Raet meets the ocean at Molen where the moraine sinks into the sea Its encounter with the Skagerrak ocean waves has uncovered and polished the huge round stone floor for centuries 155 Bokeskogen edit Main article Bokeskogen Besides being the largest beech tree forest in Norway and the most northernmost beech tree forest in the world 116 Bokeskogen is also an important archeological area 83 90 burial mounds have been discovered in the forest Some of these include the largest burial grounds from the Pre Roman Iron Age in Vestfold County 156 Recreation edit nbsp Hiking trail at Molen GeoPark in LarvikAt least 238 kilometers of coastal hiking trails can be found in Vestfold County from Larvik in the south to Svelvik in the north 157 Hiking trails are found throughout the county including at World s End in Faerder National Park Furthermore there is a 35 km 22 mi marked trail between the towns of Stavern and Helgeroa Molen Kjaerrafossen and Bokeskogen are also home to various trails Tonsberg Barrel an old beacon dated to Sverris saga in the Middle Ages 158 sits at Yxnoy on Sandefjord s East Island West Island is home to Folehavna Fort and additional trails 159 Combined the trails on Sandefjord s East and West Islands are 45 km 28 mi and a part of the international North Sea Trail 160 161 Bokeskogen in Larvik is home to various trails varying from 2 6 km 1 6 mi to 10 km 6 2 mi in length 162 Fauna edit nbsp European Lynx is found throughout Vestfold including Tonsberg and Sandefjord 163 164 165 166 167 Vestfold s fauna includes species such as the White tailed eagle Roe deer Moose European hedgehog Eurasian eagle owl Mountain hare European badger European pine marten and Norway lemming Rare observations of Gray wolf European lynx 166 167 and Brown bear do occur 168 A wolf shot in Lardal in 2013 was the first wolf killed in the county in over 100 years 169 Between 700 and 800 moose are annually hunted in Vestfold 10 Larvik has one of the highest numbers of moose in Norway 156 The Harbor seal is the most commonly observed species of seal in Vestfold and it was estimated to be at minimum 183 seals in Vestfold as of August 2014 170 171 Dolphins are uncommon however a Common bottlenose dolphin was observed by Notteroy in 2014 172 and a Striped dolphin was observed the same summer at Helgeroa in Larvik 173 Common European Viper is the only venomous snake found in Norway 174 There are two non venomous snake species in Vestfold County European grass snake and European smooth snake 175 Vestfold has a rich avifauna over 130 bird species have been observed in Svelvik 176 while Molen in Larvik has the national record of 320 species 177 Wildlife refuge edit Saltstein is part of a protected habitat for birds 178 From 2014 surfing was permitted off Saltstein 178 Besides being an UNESCO Global Geopark Molen in Larvik is a habitat for a variety of rare bird species 179 Molen became a protected sanctuary for birds in 1970 59 320 species of birds have been recorded at Molen more species than at any other site in Norway 177 180 Wildlife preserves include Melsom and Hemskilen Wildlife Preserves Hemskilen Wildlife Preserve lies on the Larvik Sandefjord border and is an important habitat for shorebirds geese and Passerines 181 Melsom Plant and Wildlife Preserve in Sandefjord is home to various older oaks some of them home to as many as 1 500 different species of insects 182 Maroyskjaera Bird Preserve consists of two skerries west of Natholmen Island which have been important nesting areas for Common tern and Common gull since the 1980s Over 500 seagulls hatched on the islets in the 1990s 183 184 In popular culture editAlthough not filmed in Vestfold the City of Tonsberg appears in the films Thor 2011 and also in Captain America The First Avenger 2011 and in Avengers Endgame 185 Some films shot in Vestfold include Norway 2018 movie based on the 2011 Norway attacks filmed in Tonsberg and Notteroy 186 187 Olsenbanden tar gull 1972 filmed in Stavern Larvik and Sande in Vestfold 188 189 Baadshah 1999 Tonsberg 190 Christmas Blood Juleblod 2017 Tonsberg and Sandefjord 191 Wisting 2018 Larvik and Sandefjord 192 Nonni and Manni 1988 89 Horten 193 Head Above Water 1993 filmed at East Island in Sandefjord 194 195 Deadline Torp 2005 movie based on the 1994 Torp hostage crisis filmed in Sandefjord and Larvik 196 Valfangare 1939 Sandefjord 197 Den starkaste 1929 Sandefjord 198 Gallery edit nbsp Faerder National Park nbsp Borre National Park in Horten nbsp The Oseberg Ship was discovered in Tonsberg nbsp Town centre in Stavern nbsp Citadellet 19th century fortress in Stavern nbsp Hoyjord Stave Church only stave church left in Vestfold 38 199 nbsp Trollfoss in Larvik the tallest waterfall in Vestfold 200 201 202 References edit Navn pa steder og personer Innbyggjarnamn in Norwegian Sprakradet Forskrift om malvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar in Norwegian Lovdata no Bolstad Erik Thorsnaes Geir eds 26 January 2023 Kommunenummer Store norske leksikon in 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via www imdb com Borresen Svein E 2004 Vestfoldboka en reise i kultur og natur Skagerrak forl Page 67 ISBN 9788292284070 Borresen Svein E 2004 Vestfoldboka en reise i kultur og natur Skagerrak forl Page 96 ISBN 9788292284070 Aadnevik Kjell Einar 2019 Turguide til Larvik og Omegn Dreyers forlag Page 274 ISBN 9788282654418 Schandy Tom and Tom Helgesen 2012 Naturperler i Vestfold Forlaget Tom amp Tom v Schandy Page 192 ISBN 9788292916148 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vestfold nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Vestfold Vestfold photo gallery Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vestfold amp oldid 1194327786, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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