As the border province of the north-eastern frontier, towards both the Russian Empire and Qajar Iran, it contained a number of garrisons. It was divided into the Sanjak of Van and the Sanjak of Hakkari and covered the present-day provinces of Van, Hakkari and parts of Şırnak, Muş and Bingöl ones.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Van Vilayet reportedly had an area of 15,440 square miles (40,000 km2), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 376,297.[5] The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.[5]
Based on the official 1914 Ottoman Census, the population of Van province consisted of 179,422 Muslims and 67,797 Armenians.[6] The Ottoman Census figures include only male citizens, excluding women and children.[citation needed] According to Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople, the corrected estimates for Van province (including women and children) was; 313,000 Muslims, 130,000 Armenians, and 65,000 others, including Syriac Christians and Nestorians.[7]
Geography
Vilayet of Van lay along the Persian frontier between the vilayets of Erzurum and Mosul. The northern sanjak comprised open plateau country N. and E. of the lake (with a large Armenian agricultural population and Kurdish seminomad tribes occupied chiefly in cattle and sheep raising), also of several fertile districts along the south shore of the lake. The southern sanjak was entirely mountainous, little developed and having the tribes only partly under government control. This comprised most of the upper basin of the Great Zab, with the country of the HakkariAssyrians and many districts inhabited by Kurdish tribes, some of them large nomad tribes who descended for the winter to the plains of the Tigris.
The mineral wealth of the vilayet was never fully explored, but was believed to be great. There were petroleum springs at Kordzot, deposits of lignite at Sivan (now Avnik village in Bingöl) and Nurduz, several hot springs at Zilan Creek and Julamerk (Now Hakkari). Excellent tobacco was grown in Shemsdinan for export to Persia.
vilayet, other, uses, province, disambiguation, vilayet, ottoman, turkish, ولايت, وان, romanized, vilâyet, armenian, Վանի, վիլայեթ, romanized, vani, vilayet, first, level, administrative, division, vilayet, ottoman, empire, beginning, 20th, century, reportedly. For other uses see Van Province disambiguation The Vilayet of Van 1 Ottoman Turkish ولايت وان romanized Vilayet i Van Armenian Վանի վիլայեթ romanized Vani vilayet was a first level administrative division vilayet of the Ottoman Empire At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had a population of about 400 000 and an area of 15 000 square miles 39 000 km2 1 Van Vilayet was one of the six Armenian vilayets and held prior to the Armenian genocide during World War I possessed a majority Armenian population as well as Kurdish Assyrian and Azeri minorities ولايت وان Vilayet i VanVilayet of the Ottoman Empire1875 1922The Van Vilayet in 1900CapitalVan 1 Population Muslim 1914 2 179 982 Armenian 1914 2 67 792 Jewish 1914 2 1 383HistoryHistory Established1875 Disestablished1922Preceded by Succeeded byVan Eyalet TurkeyToday part ofTurkey Contents 1 History 2 Demographics 3 Geography 4 Administrative divisions 5 Economy 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditIn 1875 the eyalet of Erzurum was divided in six vilayets Erzurum Van Hakkari Bitlis Hozat Dersim and Kars Cildir In 1888 by an imperial order Hakkari was joined to the vilayet of Van and Hozat to Mamuret ul Aziz 3 As the border province of the north eastern frontier towards both the Russian Empire and Qajar Iran it contained a number of garrisons It was divided into the Sanjak of Van and the Sanjak of Hakkari and covered the present day provinces of Van Hakkari and parts of Sirnak Mus and Bingol ones During the Caucasus campaign of World War I the Russians planned to invade the province after the breakdown of the Ottoman Army s offensive into Russia The invasion threat led the Committee of Union and Progress to begin the Armenian genocide out of fear that Armenians in Van would support the Russian Caucasus Army The deportation of Armenians from Constantinople to the Van uprising by Armenian fedayi 4 Demographics Edit The Van Vilayet in 1892 Armenian population of the Van province in 1896 At the beginning of the 20th century Van Vilayet reportedly had an area of 15 440 square miles 40 000 km2 while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 published in 1908 gave the population as 376 297 5 The accuracy of the population figures ranges from approximate to merely conjectural depending on the region from which they were gathered 5 Based on the official 1914 Ottoman Census the population of Van province consisted of 179 422 Muslims and 67 797 Armenians 6 The Ottoman Census figures include only male citizens excluding women and children citation needed According to Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople the corrected estimates for Van province including women and children was 313 000 Muslims 130 000 Armenians and 65 000 others including Syriac Christians and Nestorians 7 Geography EditVilayet of Van lay along the Persian frontier between the vilayets of Erzurum and Mosul The northern sanjak comprised open plateau country N and E of the lake with a large Armenian agricultural population and Kurdish seminomad tribes occupied chiefly in cattle and sheep raising also of several fertile districts along the south shore of the lake The southern sanjak was entirely mountainous little developed and having the tribes only partly under government control This comprised most of the upper basin of the Great Zab with the country of the Hakkari Assyrians and many districts inhabited by Kurdish tribes some of them large nomad tribes who descended for the winter to the plains of the Tigris The mineral wealth of the vilayet was never fully explored but was believed to be great There were petroleum springs at Kordzot deposits of lignite at Sivan now Avnik village in Bingol and Nurduz several hot springs at Zilan Creek and Julamerk Now Hakkari Excellent tobacco was grown in Shemsdinan for export to Persia Administrative divisions EditSanjaks of the Vilayet 8 Sanjak of Van Van Ercis Catak Adilcevaz Gevas Sanjak of Hakkari Baskale Hakkari Ozalp Semdinli Yuksekova Gurpinar Economy EditHistorically the Van Vilayet produced millet 9 The economic center of the province was the city of Van It was also a major wine producer Both wine and brandy were made in small amounts The vilayet also produced flax and hemp 10 Van also had a major sheep herding industry As of 1906 there were over 3 million sheep in the vilayet As of 1920 those numbers were reduced 11 Beekeeping was done by peasants with honey being frozen and sold 12 The area also produced coal lead copper and borax orpiment gas granite lime chalk gypsum gold and salt 13 References Edit a b c Geographical Dictionary of the World p 1909 at Google Books a b c 1914 Census Statistics PDF Turkish General Staff pp 605 606 Archived from the original PDF on 7 October 2011 Retrieved 29 January 2011 Krikorian Mesrob K 1977 01 01 Armenians in the Service of the Ottoman Empire 1860 1908 ISBN 9780710085641 Naimark Norman M 2017 Genocide A World History New York NY Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 063771 2 OCLC 960210099 a b Asia by A H Keane page 460 Values as printed on Image Proportions des populations en Asie Mineure statistique officielle d1914 png Muslims and Minorities Justin McCarthy New York University Press 1983 pp 110 111 Van Vilayeti Tarih ve Medeniyet Prothero W G 1920 Armenia and Kurdistan London H M Stationery Office p 60 Prothero W G 1920 Armenia and Kurdistan London H M Stationery Office p 62 Prothero W G 1920 Armenia and Kurdistan London H M Stationery Office p 63 Prothero W G 1920 Armenia and Kurdistan London H M Stationery Office p 64 Prothero W G 1920 Armenia and Kurdistan London H M Stationery Office pp 70 71 External links Edit Van Turkey Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 27 11th ed 1911 pp 877 878 Media related to Van Vilayet at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Van vilayet amp oldid 1123480087, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
