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Typhoon Durian

May 06, 2023

This article is about the 2006 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Durian and List of storms named Reming.
Not to be confused with Hurricane Dorian or Cyclone Darian.

Typhoon Durian, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Reming, was a deadly tropical cyclone that wreaked havoc in the Philippines and later crossed the Malay Peninsula in late November 2006, causing massive loss of life when mudflows from the Mayon Volcano buried many villages.

Typhoon Durian (Reming)
Typhoon Durian approaching the Philippines at peak intensity on November 29
Meteorological history
FormedNovember 25, 2006
DissipatedDecember 6, 2006
(December 9 per JTWC)
Violent typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds195 km/h (120 mph)
Lowest pressure915 hPa (mbar); 27.02 inHg
Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone
1-minute sustained (SSHWS)
Highest winds250 km/h (155 mph)
Lowest pressure904 hPa (mbar); 26.70 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities>1,500 total
Damage$580 million
Areas affectedYap State, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Andaman Islands, India
IBTrACS
Part of the 2006 Pacific typhoon season

Durian first made landfall in the Philippines, packing strong winds and heavy rains that caused mudflows near Mayon Volcano. After causing massive damage in the Philippines, it exited into the South China Sea and weakened slightly, before managing to reorganise and restrengthen into a typhoon shortly before its second landfall, this time in Vietnam near Ho Chi Minh City, causing further damage of more than US$450 million. In all, Durian killed almost 2,000 people,[1][2] and left hundreds more missing. Damages in the Philippines from the typhoon amounted to 5.086 billion PHP (US$130 million).[3]

Meteorological history

Main article: Meteorological history of Typhoon Durian
 
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Typhoon Durian formed as a tropical depression on November 24, 2006 near Chuuk State. Situated south of a ridge, the system tracked west-northwest through a region of low wind shear and good upper-level divergence.[4] Late on November 26, the depression intensified into a tropical storm and was named Durian by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)[nb 1] Steady strengthening took place over the following two days as the system approached the Philippines. After attaining typhoon status on November 29,[5] Durian underwent a period of rapid intensification,[4] culminating with it attaining peak 10 minute maximum sustained winds of 195 km/h (121 mph) and a central barometric pressure of 915 mbar (hPa; 27.02 inHg). Durian brushed the southern coast of the Catanduanes at this intensity on November 30, where a record gust of 320 km/h (200 mph) was observed.[5][6]

 
Typhoon Durian at its secondary peak intensity on December 3.

Slight weakening took place before the storm made landfall in the Bicol Region.[5] Land interaction precipitated further degradation of storm, though it retained typhoon status upon emerging over the South China Sea on December 1,[4] having passed just 80 km (50 mi) south of Metro Manila.[7] Some re-intensification occurred, with Durian reaching a secondary peak on December 3. Subsequently, increasingly hostile conditions caused the system to weaken to a severe tropical storm as it turned southwest. The storm had initial intensifies before struck southern Vietnam early on December 5 as a minimal typhoon before diminishing to a tropical depression.[5] The system turned westward once again and crossed the Malay Peninsula.[8] The JMA ceased tracking the storm on December 6 when it crossed west of 100° E and into the North Indian Ocean basin,[5] although the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)[nb 2] continued tracking it through the Bay of Bengal. Failing to reorganize, Durian degenerated into a remnant low on December 6, before ultimately dissipating three days later off the coast of Andhra Pradesh, India, on December 9.[8]

Preparations

Philippines

 
Typhoon Durian on November 30, making landfall over the Philippines.

The Bicol region, where Durian first struck, is located at the southeastern portion of the Philippine island of Luzon, and is affected by an average of 8.4 tropical cyclones per year.[10] Before Durian made its damaging landfall in the Philippines, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) issued various tropical cyclone warnings and watches, including Public Storm Warning Signal #4 for Catanduanes, Albay, and both Camarines Sur and Norte provinces; this is the highest warning signal, in which winds of over 100 km/h (60 mph) were expected.[11][12] PAGASA turned off its weather radar in Virac to prevent damage.[11] The Philippines' National Disaster Coordinating Council issued severe weather bulletins and advisories,[13] and overall, 25 provinces in the archipelago were placed on storm alert.[14] Residents in warning areas were advised of the potential for storm surge, flash flooding, and landslides.[13]

The severe threat of the typhoon prompted over 1.3 million people to evacuate their homes, many of whom stayed in the 909 storm shelters.[13] Officials advised residents in low-lying areas to seek higher grounds.[11] School classes in Sorsogon and in Northern and Eastern Samar were suspended,[13] and many buildings opened up as storm shelters.[11] In Naga City, about 1,500 citizens left for emergency shelters. 1,000 were evacuated elsewhere in the region,[15] including 120 in the capital city of Manila and more than 800 in Legazpi City.[14] The threat of the typhoon caused ferry, bus, and airline services to be canceled,[11] stranding thousands of people for several days.[12] All shipping traffic was halted in the Mimaropa region.[16] The Philippine Coast Guard grounded all vessels on open waters, stranding around 4,000 ferry passengers in Quezon province.[14] PAGASA turned off its weather radar in Virac to prevent damage.[11]

Vietnam

 
Typhoon Durian approaching Vietnam on December 4

On November 30, while the typhoon was over the Philippines, the Central Committee for Flood and Storm Control and the National Committee for Search and Rescue sent telegraphs advising of the typhoon to search and rescue teams stationed along the entire coast of the country (Quảng Ninh province to Cà Mau). All provinces along the South China Sea were advised to assist an estimated 14,585 vessels in the path of the storm.[17] All craft were later banned from leaving harbors.[18] Requests were also made to neighboring countries to allow Vietnamese fishermen to take refuge in their ports.[19] Strong wind warnings were disseminated to residents between Phú Yên and Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu provinces by December 2. These areas, as well as the inland provinces of Đắk Lắk, Lâm Đồng, and Bình Phước redirected all focus on the typhoon and the potential for life-threatening flash flooding.[20] Evacuation orders for southern provinces were issued by December 3, with Deputy Prime Minister Nguyễn Sinh Hùng stating, "the evacuation must be completed by Monday morning [December 4]."[18] Threatening an area not frequented by typhoons, many residents did not heed warnings as weather conditions ahead of the storm were calm. Approximately 6,800 people in Ninh Thuận province complied with the evacuation orders; however, officials requested the assistance of the Vietnamese Army to relocate roughly 90,000 people.[21] Following an unpredicted southerly shift in the storm's track towards the Mekong Delta, Hung later urged residents and officials to prepare for the storm, such that "all provinces should prepare so that we do not have another Linda."[22]

Impact

Yap

Early in its duration, Durian produced light winds on Yap in the Caroline Islands, gusting to 56 km/h (35 mph), as well as light rainfall totaling 52 mm (2.0 in). Ahead of the storm, the National Weather Service on Guam issued a tropical storm warning for various islands in Yap State.[23]

Philippines

Deadliest Philippine typhoons
Rank Storm Season Fatalities Ref.
1 "Haiphong" 1881 20,000 [24]
2 Yolanda (Haiyan) 2013 6,300 [25]
3 Uring (Thelma) 1991 5,101–8,000 [26]
4 Pablo (Bopha) 2012 1,901 [26]
5 "Angela" 1867 1,800 [27]
6 Winnie 2004 1,593 [27]
7 "October 1897" 1897 1,500 [27][28]
8 Nitang (Ike) 1984 1,426 [29]
9 Reming (Durian) 2006 1,399 [27][26]
10 Frank (Fengshen) 2008 1,371 [nb 3][30][31]
 
Satellite-derived rainfall totals due to Durian for the period November 24 to December 1, 2006, for the Central Philippines. Rainfall totals exceeding 200 mm (~8 inches) are shown in red and extend from the western Philippine Sea across southern sections of Luzon, Catanduanes Island, and northern Samar.

Typhoon Durian affected about 3.5 million people in the Philippines,[13] of whom about 120,000 were left homeless.[32] Durian damaged 588,037 houses, including 228,436 that were destroyed, many of which were made out of wood.[13][33] Across the country, the storm wrecked 5,685 schools, estimated at US$63.5 million in damage. The Bicol Region accounted for 79% of the damaged schools, affecting around 357,400 children.[34] Damage was estimated at ₱5.45 billion (PHP, US$110 million).[13][nb 4] As of December 27, 2006, the death toll stood at 734, with 762 missing.[13] The International Disaster Database listed 1,399 deaths in the Philippines related to Durian,[36] making it the second deadliest natural disaster in 2006 after an earthquake in Indonesia.[37]

While crossing the Philippines, Durian dropped 466 mm (18.3 in) of rainfall at Legazpi, Albay in 24 hours,[38] including an hourly total of 135 mm (5.3 in).[33] The 24 hour total was the highest in 40 years for a station in the Bicol region.[10] Heavy rainfall caused rivers and irrigation canals to exceed their banks.[33] Many creeks and small streams were flooded in the Bicol region.[10] Gusts were estimated as high as 260 km/h (160 mph).[33]

While the typhoon moved through the country, it caused complete power outages in Albay, Sorsogon, Camarines Sur, and Camarines Norte,[11] affecting tens of thousands of residents.[14] Initially, disrupted communications prevented details about the damage in the worst struck areas.[39] The worst of the storm effects were in Albay, Camarines Sur, Cataduanes, Mindoro, and Quezon.[40] On Catanduanes Island, Durian destroyed about half of the houses in the capital city of Virac.[16] The powerful winds of the typhoon blew away houses and uprooted trees,[15] All of the trees in Bacagay were knocked down, affecting the livelihood of half of the residents. Throughout the country, about 30,000 ha (74,000 acres) of rice fields were destroyed,[41] accounting for 65,481 metric tons of corn; 19,420 metric tons of rice were also damaged. However, the crops were already harvested, so the storm's agriculture effects were minor.[13] The storm also wrecked 1,200 fishing boats, severely affecting the local fishing industry, and killed many livestock.[41]

Mayon Volcano

 
Map of Legazpi within Albay province, in relation to Mayon Volcano

The eye of Durian passed near Mayon Volcano as it struck the Bicol region. In the mountainous region, a process known as orographic lift produced heavier rainfall than near the coast, with totals possibly as high as 600 mm (24 in).[33] On November 30, the rainfall became very heavy and prolonged, saturating the soil.[10] Lahars – a type of landslide originating from a volcanic ash – formed quickly along the southern and eastern rims of Mayon Volcano, which had produced a fresh layer of ash in August 2006. The lahars destroyed dykes and dams meant to contain the debris flow,[33] which were not designed to prevent major landslides.[38] Warnings were issued for potential lahars, but the rapid development of the debris flows as well as power outages meant populations did not receive adequate warning. Initially, the lahars were contained by a layer of grasslands, although the unstable nature of the volcanic soil caused the grounds to collapse. Within 21 minutes, the lahars descended Mayon Volcano, quickly covering and wrecking six communities. After the initial series of lahars, further ash flow descended to the ocean to the north of Mayon Volcano.[33] Areas around the volcano were inundated with 1.5 m (5 ft) of floodwaters.[39] Widespread flooding was also reported in Legazpi City.[14]

North of Legazpi, the ash flow covered or damaged portions of the Pan-Philippine Highway.[33] In the small barangay – small town – of Maipon, nearby streams coalesced into a valley filled with muddy waters. The landslide arrived quickly and washed away or destroyed houses in the path. Several people died while attempting to cross to higher grounds. Similar conditions affected nearby Daraga, where 149 people died. Around that city, the landslide reached 2 m (6.6 ft) deep and 307 m (1,007 ft) wide, enough to cover 3 story buildings, while floods enlarged the nearby Yawa River by 600%.[10] About 13,000 families had to leave their homes due to the landslides.[42] Many roads and bridges were wrecked around the volcano, which halted transportation and impacted relief work.[43]

In Albay province alone, there were 604 deaths and 1,465 people who sustained injuries. Damage in the province totaled $71 million (USD).[44] The storm also damaged 702 of the 704 schools in the province.[45]

Vietnam

Durian brought maximum 10-mins sustained winds up to 110 km/h and gusted to 150 km/h to the southern Vietnamese coastline. Strong winds capsized several boats offshore Vietnam, killing two with one missing.[46] In Bình Thuận Province alone, 820 boats sank,[47] and throughout the country 896 fishing boats sank.[48]

Heavy rainfall from the typhoon destroyed 22 schools and 1,120 houses in Bình Thuận Province. Strong winds from Durian blew off the roofs of about 500 houses in Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province.[47] Throughout the nation, the passage of the typhoon destroyed 34,000 homes, with an additional 166,000 damaged. Typhoon Durian killed 85 in the country and injured 1,379 others. Total damages were 7,234 billion VND (US$450 million).[49]

Aftermath

Philippines

 
Typhoon Durian Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) image. It shows the well-defined eye of the storm and the clouds surrounding it.

On December 3, Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo declared a state of national calamity, due to the successive impacts of typhoons Xangsane, Cimaron, and Durian.[13] Arroyo ordered the immediate release of 1 billion Philippine pesos ($20.7 million, 2006 USD) for relief in areas affected by typhoons Durian, Xangsane, and Cimaron.[50] This relief fund was increased to 3.6 billion pesos ($74.8 million, 2006 USD) on December 6, including an additional 150 million pesos ($3.1 million) for power grid repair.[51] The government used over ₱500 million (PHP) from their Countryside Development Fund.[52] Soon after Durian exited the country, workers began restoring power lines and clearing debris and trees from roads,[16] which was required before relief agencies reached the hardest hit areas.[12] As of December 1, 3,316 families had fled their homes to storm shelters.[7] Immediately after the storm's landfall, reports of deaths or injuries had not yet reached the media centres.[15] As officials made contact with the hardest hit areas, the death toll quickly rose to 190 by December 1,[12] and to 720 by two weeks later.[53]

On December 17, the Philippine government issued a $46 million appeal to the United Nations for financial assistance coping with Durian.[13] This was after the country already depleted its yearly emergency funding for disasters.[54] In response, various United Nations' departments provided about $2.6 million in emergency funding, and by late December 2006, 14 countries had provided donations to the Philippines.[13] By the end of January, only 7.1% of the appeal was raised.[34] By the end of April 2007, four Asian countries – China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore – donated ₱54 million (US$2.2 million) worth of emergency supplies, such as clothing, medicine, and food.[55][56] Various companies and local organizations donated to the relief effort, such as medicine, food, water, transport supplies, clothes, and money.[57] Individuals and corporations donated ₱68 million (US$1.4 million) in cash and supplies.[55] The international response came shortly after the calamity status was declared. On December 3, Canada released $1 million (US$860,000) for local relief through its embassy in Manila and through the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.[50][58] UNICEF donated 4,000 packages containing food, mattresses, and blankets, and UNOCHA donated $1– 2 million (USD) for relief supplies.[58] Spain donated $250,000 (USD) and sent medical teams, medicines, food, and supplies to affected areas.[59] The United States donated $250,000 plus supplies through the USAID program, and the Filipino community on Saipan contributed cash, food, and supplies.[58] Australia released $1 million (US$792,000) through its AusAID program.[58] Indonesia sent two C-130 Hercules aircraft to Legazpi City, carrying a total of 25 tons of food, medicine, and clothing valued at 1.17 billion Indonesian rupiah (US$129,000).[59] Japan pledged tents, blankets, generators, and water management equipment through the Japan International Cooperation Agency.[59] Malaysia donated 20 tons of food and medicines, and Singapore sent two batches of supplies valued at $50,000 (USD) through Singapore Airlines.[58] The Republic of Korea pledged $100,000 (USD) cash, while the People's Republic of China pledged $200,000 (USD).[59] Israel donated $7,500 (USD), mostly in medicines and medical supplies.[59]

The Red Cross, which responded to the repeated storms of 2006, launched an appeal that raised $9.67 million for the Philippines. In March 2009, the agency completed the missions responding to the 2006 storms and transferred the remaining funds to help repair from Typhoon Fengshen in 2008.[60] The International Organization for Migration developed the Humanitarian Response Monitoring System in response to problems in the management of the aftermath of Durian,[61] and also provided 12,750 metric tons of building supplies, medicine, and water in the storm's immediate aftermath.[62] OXFAM built 242 latrines and 99 bath houses to ensure proper hygiene.[45] The Tzu Chi Foundation set up a temporary medical camp in Tabaco to provide free health care to storm victims.[63] The International Labour Organization built a livelihood center in February 2008 to help provide jobs to storm victims.[37] The World Bank, in conjunction with the Philippines' National Power Corporation, funded a $21.6 million project to repair the damaged power lines in the typhoons' aftermath. The agencies also upgraded 118 electrical towers by 2008 to stabilize power supply during typhoons. As a result, there were minimal power outages during the passage of Tropical Storm Higos (Pablo) in 2008.[64]

Beginning in January 2007, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization distributed about 150 packs of vegetable seeds and farm tools to displaced residents in three Bicol provinces, as part of the sustainable recovery program planned by the Philippine government for storm victims.[65][41] By a year after the typhoon, farmers had regrown their rice and vegetables, utilizing a rebuilt irrigation system. The World Food Programme supplied fishermen with materials to rebuild damaged boats, allowing them to resume catching fish by May 2007.[41] The agency also provided monthly food rations to displaced residents in Albay,[66] totaling 294 tons of rice to about 6,000 families;[67] however, the food distribution programs ended in December 2007, causing food shortages in the first few months of 2008 among those still displaced.[42] UNICEF distributed 1,750 water purification tablets, along with jerrycans and water containers, to ensure access to clean water.[45]

 
A cross stood in memory of the people who died from the mudslides in Albay after Durian

After the successive impacts of Xangsane and Durian caused widespread power outages, the Bicol region lost about $250 million in economic output.[64] The unemployment rate in the Bicol region rose to about 30%, and many who retained their jobs earned less than before the storm.[37] In the aftermath of Durian, all relief activities were coordinated through the Philippines' departments of Health and Social Welfare and Development. A fleet of over 200 vehicles transported relief supplies – food, construction materials, clothing, and medicine – to the Bicol region on December 12. The Philippine Air Force airlifted supplies and medical teams to Bicol and offshore Catanduanes, with the National Disaster Coordinating Council supplying 17,350 sacks of rice to those areas. The Departments of Social Welfare and Development and the Department of Health sent teams to help victims cope with stress and consoled the families of the deceased, aided by psychiatrists. The Department of Health also distributed tents and sleeping bags, provided vaccines to people in evacuation camps, and ensured proper burial of storm casualties. There was a minor outbreak of diarrhea in the evacuation camps that affected 142 people in Legazpi, and other evacuees were also ailed by the cold, coughing, and fever. Local governments in Albay worked to ensure areas retained clean water by using disinfectants and temporary latrines.[13] The Philippine government provided ₱119 million (US$2.4 million) toward rebuilding the damaged schools in Albay, only 23% of the required cost to repair all of the schools.[45]

The government assessed that about 35% of those who lost their houses had the resources to rebuild without assistance; this meant that 144,692 houses had to be rebuilt.[34] Many of the storm victims left homeless resided in tent camps, schools, and temporary shelters, until more permanent buildings were built.[42][45] The Red Cross housed about 60,000 people across ten provinces in temporary shelters.[68] The Philippine government planned to quickly build more permanent homes, although there were difficulties in securing land and materials for the new housing. By March 2007, government and international agencies only provided 6.9% of the necessary homes, forcing people to stay in shelters longer than expected.[45] By a year after the storm, over 10,000 families still stayed in transit camps in Albay and Camarines Sur.[62] Various organizations helped the homeless secure housing. The government of Italy funded a ₱26 million (US$525,000) project to rebuild 180 houses in Albay. The Italian government also helped build new livelihood centers to provide jobs, provided new boats, and donated about 80,000 coconut seeds to replant trees.[69] In the eight months after Durian struck, the Philippine National Red Cross, in conjunction with the International Red Cross, delivered building supplies to about 12,000 families to repair their homes or build new ones. The organizations encouraged residents to rebuild houses away from vulnerable areas.[70] The International Organization for Migration, in conjunction with the United States Agency for International Development, built 907 homes and new community centers.[71] The Philippine government released ₱76 million ($1.5 million) in funds to build 1,089 houses.[72] UNICEF provided emergency funding to rebuild 50 daycare centers that were damaged by the typhoon.[73] Habitat for Humanity helped repair about 1,200 homes,[74] build about 2,000 new houses, and rebuilt four schools in Sorsogon.[75]

Around Mayon Volcano, officials enacted search and rescue missions for victims affected by landslides.[13] Workers quickly excavated lahar-filled valleys, bridges, and river beds to rebuild dykes. Farmers quickly regrew damaged crops, while schools and homes were cleaned and rebuilt. Stronger concrete dykes were built around populated communities.[33] The government developed relocation plans for three landslide-prone areas in Albay.[13] In 2011, the Regional Development Council approved a budget to construct additional dams along the Mayon Volcano to prevent the deadly floods and landslides that occurred during Durian.[76] Dams were scheduled to be constructed around the volcano after a 1981 study, but these were delayed due to budget constraints.[10]

Vietnam

In Vietnam, which had recently been affected by Typhoon Xangsane, the national government released 150 billion Vietnamese đồng ($9 million, 2006 USD) in food and supplies to families in affected areas.[77] The United States donated $100,000 (USD), and its Oxfam organisation donated $200,000 (USD) to the most affected provinces.[77] The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement launched an emergency appeal for $2.47 million (USD) to support the efforts of the Vietnam Red Cross, which distributed over 2,000 packets of supplies and over 2 tonnes of rice, medicine, and clothes.[78]

Retirement

The 39th session of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific/World Meteorological Organization's Typhoon Committee met in Manila, Philippines from December 4–9, soon after the onslaught of the floods from Durian. The committee's regional director stated in their report, "I wish to extend WMO’s sincere condolences and sympathy to your Government and to the Philippine people who were adversely affected by the past typhoons." During the session, the committee retired the name Durian,[79] replacing it with Mangkhut in 2008;[80] which was later retired after its usage in 2018.[81] PAGASA also retired the local name "Reming" in 2006 and replaced it with "Ruby",[82] which was also later retired following its usage in 2014.[83]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.[5]
  2. ^ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[9]
  3. ^ The death and missing columns includes deaths caused by Typhoon Fengshen (Frank), in the MV Princess of the Stars disaster.
  4. ^ The total was originally reported in Philippine pesos. Total converted via the Oanda Corporation website.[35]

References

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  2. ^ Situation Reports: Southeast Asia: Typhoon Durian - Dec 2006, Viet Nam: Typhoons Revised Appeal No. MDRVN001 Operation Update No. 3, Situation Reports: Southeast Asia: Typhoon Xangsane - Sep 2006, Viet Nam: Typhoons Revised Appeal No. MDRVN001 Operation
  3. ^ "Costliest Typhoons Of The Philippines". Typhoon2000.ph. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
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  9. ^ . Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2011. Archived from the original on 2007-07-26. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
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  20. ^ "Viet Nam: Urgent telegraph - No.09 typhoon with strong wind force". Government of Vietnam. ReliefWeb. December 2, 2006. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
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  22. ^ "Typhoon kills 44 in Vietnam, flooding fears". Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: ReliefWeb. Reuters. December 5, 2006. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Typhoon Durian.
 
Wikinews has related news:
  • "Super typhoon" triggers fatal mudslides in Philippines
  • Philippine typhoon toll may hit 1,000
  • JMA General Information of Typhoon Durian (0621) from Digital Typhoon
  • JMA Best Track Data of Typhoon Durian (0621) (in Japanese)
  • JTWC Best Track Data of Super Typhoon 24W (Durian)
  • 24W.DURIAN from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
  • ReliefWeb's main page for this event.

May 06, 2023
typhoon, durian, this, article, about, 2006, typhoon, other, storms, same, name, list, storms, named, durian, list, storms, named, reming, confused, with, hurricane, dorian, cyclone, darian, known, philippines, typhoon, reming, deadly, tropical, cyclone, that,. This article is about the 2006 typhoon For other storms of the same name see List of storms named Durian and List of storms named Reming Not to be confused with Hurricane Dorian or Cyclone Darian Typhoon Durian known in the Philippines as Typhoon Reming was a deadly tropical cyclone that wreaked havoc in the Philippines and later crossed the Malay Peninsula in late November 2006 causing massive loss of life when mudflows from the Mayon Volcano buried many villages Typhoon Durian Reming Typhoon Durian approaching the Philippines at peak intensity on November 29Meteorological historyFormedNovember 25 2006DissipatedDecember 6 2006 December 9 per JTWC Violent typhoon10 minute sustained JMA Highest winds195 km h 120 mph Lowest pressure915 hPa mbar 27 02 inHgCategory 4 equivalent tropical cyclone1 minute sustained SSHWS Highest winds250 km h 155 mph Lowest pressure904 hPa mbar 26 70 inHgOverall effectsFatalities gt 1 500 totalDamage 580 millionAreas affectedYap State Philippines Vietnam Thailand Malaysia Andaman Islands IndiaIBTrACSPart of the 2006 Pacific typhoon seasonDurian first made landfall in the Philippines packing strong winds and heavy rains that caused mudflows near Mayon Volcano After causing massive damage in the Philippines it exited into the South China Sea and weakened slightly before managing to reorganise and restrengthen into a typhoon shortly before its second landfall this time in Vietnam near Ho Chi Minh City causing further damage of more than US 450 million In all Durian killed almost 2 000 people 1 2 and left hundreds more missing Damages in the Philippines from the typhoon amounted to 5 086 billion PHP US 130 million 3 Contents 1 Meteorological history 2 Preparations 2 1 Philippines 2 2 Vietnam 3 Impact 3 1 Yap 3 2 Philippines 3 2 1 Mayon Volcano 3 3 Vietnam 4 Aftermath 4 1 Philippines 4 2 Vietnam 4 3 Retirement 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksMeteorological history EditMain article Meteorological history of Typhoon Durian Map plotting the storm s track and intensity according to the Saffir Simpson scaleMap keySaffir Simpson scale Tropical depression 38 mph 62 km h Tropical storm 39 73 mph 63 118 km h Category 1 74 95 mph 119 153 km h Category 2 96 110 mph 154 177 km h Category 3 111 129 mph 178 208 km h Category 4 130 156 mph 209 251 km h Category 5 157 mph 252 km h Unknown Storm type Tropical cyclone Subtropical cyclone Extratropical cyclone remnant low tropical disturbance or monsoon depression Typhoon Durian formed as a tropical depression on November 24 2006 near Chuuk State Situated south of a ridge the system tracked west northwest through a region of low wind shear and good upper level divergence 4 Late on November 26 the depression intensified into a tropical storm and was named Durian by the Japan Meteorological Agency JMA nb 1 Steady strengthening took place over the following two days as the system approached the Philippines After attaining typhoon status on November 29 5 Durian underwent a period of rapid intensification 4 culminating with it attaining peak 10 minute maximum sustained winds of 195 km h 121 mph and a central barometric pressure of 915 mbar hPa 27 02 inHg Durian brushed the southern coast of the Catanduanes at this intensity on November 30 where a record gust of 320 km h 200 mph was observed 5 6 Typhoon Durian at its secondary peak intensity on December 3 Slight weakening took place before the storm made landfall in the Bicol Region 5 Land interaction precipitated further degradation of storm though it retained typhoon status upon emerging over the South China Sea on December 1 4 having passed just 80 km 50 mi south of Metro Manila 7 Some re intensification occurred with Durian reaching a secondary peak on December 3 Subsequently increasingly hostile conditions caused the system to weaken to a severe tropical storm as it turned southwest The storm had initial intensifies before struck southern Vietnam early on December 5 as a minimal typhoon before diminishing to a tropical depression 5 The system turned westward once again and crossed the Malay Peninsula 8 The JMA ceased tracking the storm on December 6 when it crossed west of 100 E and into the North Indian Ocean basin 5 although the Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC nb 2 continued tracking it through the Bay of Bengal Failing to reorganize Durian degenerated into a remnant low on December 6 before ultimately dissipating three days later off the coast of Andhra Pradesh India on December 9 8 Preparations EditPhilippines Edit Typhoon Durian on November 30 making landfall over the Philippines The Bicol region where Durian first struck is located at the southeastern portion of the Philippine island of Luzon and is affected by an average of 8 4 tropical cyclones per year 10 Before Durian made its damaging landfall in the Philippines the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration PAGASA issued various tropical cyclone warnings and watches including Public Storm Warning Signal 4 for Catanduanes Albay and both Camarines Sur and Norte provinces this is the highest warning signal in which winds of over 100 km h 60 mph were expected 11 12 PAGASA turned off its weather radar in Virac to prevent damage 11 The Philippines National Disaster Coordinating Council issued severe weather bulletins and advisories 13 and overall 25 provinces in the archipelago were placed on storm alert 14 Residents in warning areas were advised of the potential for storm surge flash flooding and landslides 13 The severe threat of the typhoon prompted over 1 3 million people to evacuate their homes many of whom stayed in the 909 storm shelters 13 Officials advised residents in low lying areas to seek higher grounds 11 School classes in Sorsogon and in Northern and Eastern Samar were suspended 13 and many buildings opened up as storm shelters 11 In Naga City about 1 500 citizens left for emergency shelters 1 000 were evacuated elsewhere in the region 15 including 120 in the capital city of Manila and more than 800 in Legazpi City 14 The threat of the typhoon caused ferry bus and airline services to be canceled 11 stranding thousands of people for several days 12 All shipping traffic was halted in the Mimaropa region 16 The Philippine Coast Guard grounded all vessels on open waters stranding around 4 000 ferry passengers in Quezon province 14 PAGASA turned off its weather radar in Virac to prevent damage 11 Vietnam Edit Typhoon Durian approaching Vietnam on December 4 On November 30 while the typhoon was over the Philippines the Central Committee for Flood and Storm Control and the National Committee for Search and Rescue sent telegraphs advising of the typhoon to search and rescue teams stationed along the entire coast of the country Quảng Ninh province to Ca Mau All provinces along the South China Sea were advised to assist an estimated 14 585 vessels in the path of the storm 17 All craft were later banned from leaving harbors 18 Requests were also made to neighboring countries to allow Vietnamese fishermen to take refuge in their ports 19 Strong wind warnings were disseminated to residents between Phu Yen and Ba Rịa Vũng Tau provinces by December 2 These areas as well as the inland provinces of Đắk Lắk Lam Đồng and Binh Phước redirected all focus on the typhoon and the potential for life threatening flash flooding 20 Evacuation orders for southern provinces were issued by December 3 with Deputy Prime Minister Nguyễn Sinh Hung stating the evacuation must be completed by Monday morning December 4 18 Threatening an area not frequented by typhoons many residents did not heed warnings as weather conditions ahead of the storm were calm Approximately 6 800 people in Ninh Thuận province complied with the evacuation orders however officials requested the assistance of the Vietnamese Army to relocate roughly 90 000 people 21 Following an unpredicted southerly shift in the storm s track towards the Mekong Delta Hung later urged residents and officials to prepare for the storm such that all provinces should prepare so that we do not have another Linda 22 Impact EditYap Edit Early in its duration Durian produced light winds on Yap in the Caroline Islands gusting to 56 km h 35 mph as well as light rainfall totaling 52 mm 2 0 in Ahead of the storm the National Weather Service on Guam issued a tropical storm warning for various islands in Yap State 23 Philippines Edit Deadliest Philippine typhoons Rank Storm Season Fatalities Ref 1 Haiphong 1881 20 000 24 2 Yolanda Haiyan 2013 6 300 25 3 Uring Thelma 1991 5 101 8 000 26 4 Pablo Bopha 2012 1 901 26 5 Angela 1867 1 800 27 6 Winnie 2004 1 593 27 7 October 1897 1897 1 500 27 28 8 Nitang Ike 1984 1 426 29 9 Reming Durian 2006 1 399 27 26 10 Frank Fengshen 2008 1 371 nb 3 30 31 Satellite derived rainfall totals due to Durian for the period November 24 to December 1 2006 for the Central Philippines Rainfall totals exceeding 200 mm 8 inches are shown in red and extend from the western Philippine Sea across southern sections of Luzon Catanduanes Island and northern Samar Typhoon Durian affected about 3 5 million people in the Philippines 13 of whom about 120 000 were left homeless 32 Durian damaged 588 037 houses including 228 436 that were destroyed many of which were made out of wood 13 33 Across the country the storm wrecked 5 685 schools estimated at US 63 5 million in damage The Bicol Region accounted for 79 of the damaged schools affecting around 357 400 children 34 Damage was estimated at 5 45 billion PHP US 110 million 13 nb 4 As of December 27 2006 the death toll stood at 734 with 762 missing 13 The International Disaster Database listed 1 399 deaths in the Philippines related to Durian 36 making it the second deadliest natural disaster in 2006 after an earthquake in Indonesia 37 While crossing the Philippines Durian dropped 466 mm 18 3 in of rainfall at Legazpi Albay in 24 hours 38 including an hourly total of 135 mm 5 3 in 33 The 24 hour total was the highest in 40 years for a station in the Bicol region 10 Heavy rainfall caused rivers and irrigation canals to exceed their banks 33 Many creeks and small streams were flooded in the Bicol region 10 Gusts were estimated as high as 260 km h 160 mph 33 While the typhoon moved through the country it caused complete power outages in Albay Sorsogon Camarines Sur and Camarines Norte 11 affecting tens of thousands of residents 14 Initially disrupted communications prevented details about the damage in the worst struck areas 39 The worst of the storm effects were in Albay Camarines Sur Cataduanes Mindoro and Quezon 40 On Catanduanes Island Durian destroyed about half of the houses in the capital city of Virac 16 The powerful winds of the typhoon blew away houses and uprooted trees 15 All of the trees in Bacagay were knocked down affecting the livelihood of half of the residents Throughout the country about 30 000 ha 74 000 acres of rice fields were destroyed 41 accounting for 65 481 metric tons of corn 19 420 metric tons of rice were also damaged However the crops were already harvested so the storm s agriculture effects were minor 13 The storm also wrecked 1 200 fishing boats severely affecting the local fishing industry and killed many livestock 41 Mayon Volcano Edit Map of Legazpi within Albay province in relation to Mayon Volcano The eye of Durian passed near Mayon Volcano as it struck the Bicol region In the mountainous region a process known as orographic lift produced heavier rainfall than near the coast with totals possibly as high as 600 mm 24 in 33 On November 30 the rainfall became very heavy and prolonged saturating the soil 10 Lahars a type of landslide originating from a volcanic ash formed quickly along the southern and eastern rims of Mayon Volcano which had produced a fresh layer of ash in August 2006 The lahars destroyed dykes and dams meant to contain the debris flow 33 which were not designed to prevent major landslides 38 Warnings were issued for potential lahars but the rapid development of the debris flows as well as power outages meant populations did not receive adequate warning Initially the lahars were contained by a layer of grasslands although the unstable nature of the volcanic soil caused the grounds to collapse Within 21 minutes the lahars descended Mayon Volcano quickly covering and wrecking six communities After the initial series of lahars further ash flow descended to the ocean to the north of Mayon Volcano 33 Areas around the volcano were inundated with 1 5 m 5 ft of floodwaters 39 Widespread flooding was also reported in Legazpi City 14 North of Legazpi the ash flow covered or damaged portions of the Pan Philippine Highway 33 In the small barangay small town of Maipon nearby streams coalesced into a valley filled with muddy waters The landslide arrived quickly and washed away or destroyed houses in the path Several people died while attempting to cross to higher grounds Similar conditions affected nearby Daraga where 149 people died Around that city the landslide reached 2 m 6 6 ft deep and 307 m 1 007 ft wide enough to cover 3 story buildings while floods enlarged the nearby Yawa River by 600 10 About 13 000 families had to leave their homes due to the landslides 42 Many roads and bridges were wrecked around the volcano which halted transportation and impacted relief work 43 In Albay province alone there were 604 deaths and 1 465 people who sustained injuries Damage in the province totaled 71 million USD 44 The storm also damaged 702 of the 704 schools in the province 45 Vietnam Edit Durian brought maximum 10 mins sustained winds up to 110 km h and gusted to 150 km h to the southern Vietnamese coastline Strong winds capsized several boats offshore Vietnam killing two with one missing 46 In Binh Thuận Province alone 820 boats sank 47 and throughout the country 896 fishing boats sank 48 Heavy rainfall from the typhoon destroyed 22 schools and 1 120 houses in Binh Thuận Province Strong winds from Durian blew off the roofs of about 500 houses in Ba Rịa Vũng Tau province 47 Throughout the nation the passage of the typhoon destroyed 34 000 homes with an additional 166 000 damaged Typhoon Durian killed 85 in the country and injured 1 379 others Total damages were 7 234 billion VND US 450 million 49 Aftermath EditPhilippines Edit Typhoon Durian Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission TRMM image It shows the well defined eye of the storm and the clouds surrounding it On December 3 Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo declared a state of national calamity due to the successive impacts of typhoons Xangsane Cimaron and Durian 13 Arroyo ordered the immediate release of 1 billion Philippine pesos 20 7 million 2006 USD for relief in areas affected by typhoons Durian Xangsane and Cimaron 50 This relief fund was increased to 3 6 billion pesos 74 8 million 2006 USD on December 6 including an additional 150 million pesos 3 1 million for power grid repair 51 The government used over 500 million PHP from their Countryside Development Fund 52 Soon after Durian exited the country workers began restoring power lines and clearing debris and trees from roads 16 which was required before relief agencies reached the hardest hit areas 12 As of December 1 3 316 families had fled their homes to storm shelters 7 Immediately after the storm s landfall reports of deaths or injuries had not yet reached the media centres 15 As officials made contact with the hardest hit areas the death toll quickly rose to 190 by December 1 12 and to 720 by two weeks later 53 On December 17 the Philippine government issued a 46 million appeal to the United Nations for financial assistance coping with Durian 13 This was after the country already depleted its yearly emergency funding for disasters 54 In response various United Nations departments provided about 2 6 million in emergency funding and by late December 2006 14 countries had provided donations to the Philippines 13 By the end of January only 7 1 of the appeal was raised 34 By the end of April 2007 four Asian countries China Indonesia Malaysia and Singapore donated 54 million US 2 2 million worth of emergency supplies such as clothing medicine and food 55 56 Various companies and local organizations donated to the relief effort such as medicine food water transport supplies clothes and money 57 Individuals and corporations donated 68 million US 1 4 million in cash and supplies 55 The international response came shortly after the calamity status was declared On December 3 Canada released 1 million US 860 000 for local relief through its embassy in Manila and through the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 50 58 UNICEF donated 4 000 packages containing food mattresses and blankets and UNOCHA donated 1 2 million USD for relief supplies 58 Spain donated 250 000 USD and sent medical teams medicines food and supplies to affected areas 59 The United States donated 250 000 plus supplies through the USAID program and the Filipino community on Saipan contributed cash food and supplies 58 Australia released 1 million US 792 000 through its AusAID program 58 Indonesia sent two C 130 Hercules aircraft to Legazpi City carrying a total of 25 tons of food medicine and clothing valued at 1 17 billion Indonesian rupiah US 129 000 59 Japan pledged tents blankets generators and water management equipment through the Japan International Cooperation Agency 59 Malaysia donated 20 tons of food and medicines and Singapore sent two batches of supplies valued at 50 000 USD through Singapore Airlines 58 The Republic of Korea pledged 100 000 USD cash while the People s Republic of China pledged 200 000 USD 59 Israel donated 7 500 USD mostly in medicines and medical supplies 59 The Red Cross which responded to the repeated storms of 2006 launched an appeal that raised 9 67 million for the Philippines In March 2009 the agency completed the missions responding to the 2006 storms and transferred the remaining funds to help repair from Typhoon Fengshen in 2008 60 The International Organization for Migration developed the Humanitarian Response Monitoring System in response to problems in the management of the aftermath of Durian 61 and also provided 12 750 metric tons of building supplies medicine and water in the storm s immediate aftermath 62 OXFAM built 242 latrines and 99 bath houses to ensure proper hygiene 45 The Tzu Chi Foundation set up a temporary medical camp in Tabaco to provide free health care to storm victims 63 The International Labour Organization built a livelihood center in February 2008 to help provide jobs to storm victims 37 The World Bank in conjunction with the Philippines National Power Corporation funded a 21 6 million project to repair the damaged power lines in the typhoons aftermath The agencies also upgraded 118 electrical towers by 2008 to stabilize power supply during typhoons As a result there were minimal power outages during the passage of Tropical Storm Higos Pablo in 2008 64 Beginning in January 2007 the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization distributed about 150 packs of vegetable seeds and farm tools to displaced residents in three Bicol provinces as part of the sustainable recovery program planned by the Philippine government for storm victims 65 41 By a year after the typhoon farmers had regrown their rice and vegetables utilizing a rebuilt irrigation system The World Food Programme supplied fishermen with materials to rebuild damaged boats allowing them to resume catching fish by May 2007 41 The agency also provided monthly food rations to displaced residents in Albay 66 totaling 294 tons of rice to about 6 000 families 67 however the food distribution programs ended in December 2007 causing food shortages in the first few months of 2008 among those still displaced 42 UNICEF distributed 1 750 water purification tablets along with jerrycans and water containers to ensure access to clean water 45 A cross stood in memory of the people who died from the mudslides in Albay after Durian After the successive impacts of Xangsane and Durian caused widespread power outages the Bicol region lost about 250 million in economic output 64 The unemployment rate in the Bicol region rose to about 30 and many who retained their jobs earned less than before the storm 37 In the aftermath of Durian all relief activities were coordinated through the Philippines departments of Health and Social Welfare and Development A fleet of over 200 vehicles transported relief supplies food construction materials clothing and medicine to the Bicol region on December 12 The Philippine Air Force airlifted supplies and medical teams to Bicol and offshore Catanduanes with the National Disaster Coordinating Council supplying 17 350 sacks of rice to those areas The Departments of Social Welfare and Development and the Department of Health sent teams to help victims cope with stress and consoled the families of the deceased aided by psychiatrists The Department of Health also distributed tents and sleeping bags provided vaccines to people in evacuation camps and ensured proper burial of storm casualties There was a minor outbreak of diarrhea in the evacuation camps that affected 142 people in Legazpi and other evacuees were also ailed by the cold coughing and fever Local governments in Albay worked to ensure areas retained clean water by using disinfectants and temporary latrines 13 The Philippine government provided 119 million US 2 4 million toward rebuilding the damaged schools in Albay only 23 of the required cost to repair all of the schools 45 The government assessed that about 35 of those who lost their houses had the resources to rebuild without assistance this meant that 144 692 houses had to be rebuilt 34 Many of the storm victims left homeless resided in tent camps schools and temporary shelters until more permanent buildings were built 42 45 The Red Cross housed about 60 000 people across ten provinces in temporary shelters 68 The Philippine government planned to quickly build more permanent homes although there were difficulties in securing land and materials for the new housing By March 2007 government and international agencies only provided 6 9 of the necessary homes forcing people to stay in shelters longer than expected 45 By a year after the storm over 10 000 families still stayed in transit camps in Albay and Camarines Sur 62 Various organizations helped the homeless secure housing The government of Italy funded a 26 million US 525 000 project to rebuild 180 houses in Albay The Italian government also helped build new livelihood centers to provide jobs provided new boats and donated about 80 000 coconut seeds to replant trees 69 In the eight months after Durian struck the Philippine National Red Cross in conjunction with the International Red Cross delivered building supplies to about 12 000 families to repair their homes or build new ones The organizations encouraged residents to rebuild houses away from vulnerable areas 70 The International Organization for Migration in conjunction with the United States Agency for International Development built 907 homes and new community centers 71 The Philippine government released 76 million 1 5 million in funds to build 1 089 houses 72 UNICEF provided emergency funding to rebuild 50 daycare centers that were damaged by the typhoon 73 Habitat for Humanity helped repair about 1 200 homes 74 build about 2 000 new houses and rebuilt four schools in Sorsogon 75 Around Mayon Volcano officials enacted search and rescue missions for victims affected by landslides 13 Workers quickly excavated lahar filled valleys bridges and river beds to rebuild dykes Farmers quickly regrew damaged crops while schools and homes were cleaned and rebuilt Stronger concrete dykes were built around populated communities 33 The government developed relocation plans for three landslide prone areas in Albay 13 In 2011 the Regional Development Council approved a budget to construct additional dams along the Mayon Volcano to prevent the deadly floods and landslides that occurred during Durian 76 Dams were scheduled to be constructed around the volcano after a 1981 study but these were delayed due to budget constraints 10 Vietnam Edit In Vietnam which had recently been affected by Typhoon Xangsane the national government released 150 billion Vietnamese đồng 9 million 2006 USD in food and supplies to families in affected areas 77 The United States donated 100 000 USD and its Oxfam organisation donated 200 000 USD to the most affected provinces 77 The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement launched an emergency appeal for 2 47 million USD to support the efforts of the Vietnam Red Cross which distributed over 2 000 packets of supplies and over 2 tonnes of rice medicine and clothes 78 Retirement Edit The 39th session of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific World Meteorological Organization s Typhoon Committee met in Manila Philippines from December 4 9 soon after the onslaught of the floods from Durian The committee s regional director stated in their report I wish to extend WMO s sincere condolences and sympathy to your Government and to the Philippine people who were adversely affected by the past typhoons During the session the committee retired the name Durian 79 replacing it with Mangkhut in 2008 80 which was later retired after its usage in 2018 81 PAGASA also retired the local name Reming in 2006 and replaced it with Ruby 82 which was also later retired following its usage in 2014 83 See also Edit Tropical cyclones portal Philippines portalTyphoons in the Philippines Other typhoons that impacted the Philippines in 2006 Typhoon Chanchu Typhoon Xangsane Typhoon Cimaron Typhoon Chebi Typhoon Utor Typhoon Yunya 1991 Another strong typhoon that created lahars resulting from the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines leading to hundreds of indirect deaths Tropical Storm Thelma 1991 Another deadly storm that led to torrential rainfall and flooding which killed thousands in the Philippines Tropical Storm Linda 1997 Also managed to cross over from the Northwest Pacific Ocean into the North Indian Ocean Tropical Depression Winnie 2004 A weak storm that killed more than 1 500 people in the Philippines Typhoon Haiyan 2013 Another extremely strong tropical cyclone that also devastated the Central Philippines remains the deadliest storm in Philippine history Tropical depressions Wilma and BOB 05 2013 Also traversed the Northwest Pacific Ocean and the North Indian Ocean Typhoon Melor 2015 Had an identical track though slightly weaker caused severe damage that led to its name being retired Typhoon Nock ten 2016 Had a similar track and intensity also had its name retired due to substantial damage Typhoon Goni 2020 The strongest landfalling tropical cyclone on record made landfall in the Philippines with 1 minute sustained winds of 315 km h 195 mph leading to its name retirement Notes Edit The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean 5 The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions 9 The death and missing columns includes deaths caused by Typhoon Fengshen Frank in the MV Princess of the Stars disaster The total was originally reported in Philippine pesos Total converted via the Oanda Corporation website 35 References Edit Analysis Indonesia Earthquake May 2006 Disaster data A balanced perspective Mar 2007 Analysis Southeast Asia Typhoon Durian Dec 2006 Disaster data A balanced perspective Mar 2007 Situation Reports Southeast Asia Typhoon Durian Dec 2006 Viet Nam Typhoons Revised Appeal No MDRVN001 Operation Update No 3 Situation Reports Southeast Asia Typhoon Xangsane Sep 2006 Viet Nam Typhoons Revised Appeal No MDRVN001 Operation Costliest Typhoons Of The Philippines Typhoon2000 ph Retrieved 2015 12 23 a b c Gary Padgett Kevin Boyle amp Simon Clarke March 7 2007 Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary November 2006 Report Typhoon 2000 Retrieved July 20 2013 a b c d e f Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo Typhoon Center 2006 PDF Report Japan Meteorological Agency 21 Retrieved October 14 2014 Dominic Alojado amp David Michael V Padua July 29 2010 Strongest Typhoons of the Philippines 1947 2009 Typhoon 2000 Retrieved July 21 2013 a b Philippines Typhoon Durian Reming DREF Bulletin no MDRPH003 International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies ReliefWeb December 1 2006 Retrieved October 20 2014 a b Typhoon 24W 2006 Durian Best Track TXT Joint Typhoon Warning Center United States Navy 2007 Retrieved July 20 2013 Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement Joint Typhoon Warning Center 2011 Archived from the original on 2007 07 26 Retrieved October 14 2014 a b c d e f Jerry A Fano Michael T Alpasan Takeo Mitsunaga Yoshio Tokunaga October 2007 The Mayon 2006 Debris Flow PDF FCSEC Technical Report Report Vol 3 Department of Public Works and Highways pp 2 4 Retrieved December 26 2015 a b c d e f g Philippines NDCC media update Typhoon Reming Durian 30 Nov 2006 Government of the Philippines ReliefWeb November 30 2006 Retrieved October 14 2014 a b c d Philippines Typhoon OCHA Situation Report No 1 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ReliefWeb December 1 2006 Retrieved October 20 2014 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Final Report on the Effects of Typhoon Reming Durian PDF Report National Disaster Coordinating Council December 27 2006 Archived from the original PDF on March 4 2016 a b c d e Powerful Typhoon Durian blows away houses knocks off power as it slams into Philippines Associated Press 2006 11 29 Retrieved 2007 02 20 a b c Powerful Typhoon Durian lashes eastern Philippines USA Today Associated Press 2006 12 01 Retrieved 2007 02 20 a b c Philippines NDCC media update Typhoon Reming Durian 01 Dec 2006 Government of the Philippines December 1 2006 Retrieved October 20 2014 Viet Nam Flash report No 367 1st December 2006 Government of Vietnam ReliefWeb December 1 2006 Retrieved July 19 2013 a b Vietnam evacuates 50 000 ahead of typhoon Durian Hanoi Vietnam ReliefWeb Agence France Presse December 4 2006 Retrieved July 19 2013 Typhoon Durian claims 18 lives in Vietnam Hanoi Vietnam ReliefWeb Xinhua December 5 2006 Retrieved July 19 2013 Viet Nam Urgent telegraph No 09 typhoon with strong wind force Government of Vietnam ReliefWeb December 2 2006 Retrieved July 19 2013 Vietnam evacuates 90 000 ahead of typhoon Durian Hanoi Vietnam ReliefWeb Agence France Presse December 4 2006 Retrieved July 19 2013 Typhoon kills 44 in Vietnam flooding fears Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam ReliefWeb Reuters December 5 2006 Retrieved July 19 2013 Post Storm Report Tropical Storm Durian 26W Tinian Guam National Weather Service December 4 2006 via Wikisource Philippine Storm Surge History Project NOAH University of the Philippines November 23 2013 Archived from the original on November 8 2014 Retrieved November 29 2013 Del Rosario Eduardo D August 9 2011 Final Report on Typhoon Yolanda Haiyan PDF Report Phillippine National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council pp 77 148 Archived PDF from the original on November 5 2020 Retrieved March 27 2022 a b c Alojado Dominic 2015 Worst typhoons of the philippines 1947 2014 PDF Report Weather Philippines Retrieved September 25 2015 a b c d 10 Worst Typhoons that Went Down in Philippine History M2Comms August 3 2016 Retrieved August 3 2016 Lotilla Raphael November 20 2013 Flashback 1897 Leyte and a strong typhoon Rappler Retrieved July 10 2014 Deadliest typhoons in the Philippines ABS CBNNews November 8 2013 Archived from the original on November 13 2013 Retrieved November 8 2013 Padua David M June 10 2011 Tropical Cyclone Logs Fengshen Frank Typhoon 2000 Archived from the original on December 1 2010 Retrieved December 31 2011 Rabonza Glenn J July 31 2008 Situation Report No 33 on the Effects of Typhoon Frank Fengshen PDF Report National Disaster Coordinating Council National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Center Archived PDF from the original on September 27 2013 Retrieved December 31 2011 Philippines Asia s super storm gathers over South China Sea World Vision Report November 23 2007 Retrieved December 27 2015 a b c d e f g h i Geoffrey A J Scott 2010 An overview of destruction and recovery in the Mt Mayon volcano region Bicol Philippines resulting from lahars initiated by Supertyphoon Reming PDF Geographical Essays 13 Retrieved December 23 2015 a b c Philippines Typhoon OCHA Situation Report No 9 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ReliefWeb January 29 2007 Retrieved May 3 2017 Historical Exchange Rates Oanda Corporation 2013 Retrieved December 26 2015 Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters EM DAT The Emergency Events Database Universite catholique de Louvain a b c Getting out of the mud How the ILO helps typhoon victims in the Philippines International Labour Organization Report ReliefWeb March 27 2008 Retrieved December 27 2015 a b E M R Paguican A M F Lagmay K S Rodolfo R S Rodolfo A M P Tengonciang M R Lapus E G Baliatan E C Obille Jr October 2009 Extreme rainfall induced lahars and dike breaching 30 November 2006 Mayon Volcano Philippines Bulletin of Volcanology 71 8 845 857 Bibcode 2009BVol 71 845P doi 10 1007 s00445 009 0268 8 S2CID 140189053 a b Philippines Typhoon Reming appeal Philippine National Red Cross ReliefWeb November 30 2006 Philippines Typhoons Appeal no MDRPH002 Operations Update no 6 International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies Report ReliefWeb March 7 2008 Retrieved December 27 2015 a b c d Philippines The slow process of typhoon recovery ReliefWeb IRIN March 31 2008 Retrieved December 27 2015 a b c Philippines Seeking to rebuild lives swept away by mudslides ReliefWeb IRIN March 25 2008 Retrieved December 27 2015 Philippines Aid teams head into typhoon zone World Vision ReliefWeb December 1 2006 Noralene Uy Yukiko Takeuchi Rajib Shaw 2011 Local adaptation for livelihood resilience in Albay Philippines Environmental Hazards 10 2 142 doi 10 1080 17477891 2011 579338 a b c d e f Philippines Typhoons OCHA Situation Report No 13 PDF United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Report ReliefWeb March 2 2007 Retrieved December 28 2015 CBC 2006 12 04 Vietnam braces for weakened Typhoon Durian CBC News Retrieved 2007 02 24 a b Typhoon Durian tears into southern Vietnam killing 26 Reuters 2006 12 05 Retrieved 2007 02 24 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2006 Viet Nam Typhoon Durian OCHA Situation Report No 1 Retrieved 2007 02 24 2006 VIETNAM Report a b Contributions Southeast Asia Typhoon Durian Dec 2006 Philippines PGMA declares state of national calamity in aftermath of typhoon Reming ReliefWeb Manila Bulletin Online Philippines Gov t tap CDF savings for rehabilitation of areas damaged by Reming Government of the Philippines ReliefWeb December 1 2006 Retrieved October 16 2014 Situation Reports Southeast Asia Typhoon Durian Dec 2006 Philippines NDCC media update Typhoon Reming Durian 13 Dec 2006 Philippines 2006 typhoon appeal Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Report ReliefWeb February 12 2007 Retrieved December 29 2015 a b Philippines Donations thru the DSWD for victims of typhoon Reming as of 30 April 2007 Government of the Philippines Report ReliefWeb April 30 2007 Retrieved December 28 2015 Philippines DSWD kicks off Japan funded food for work project for typhoon Reming victims Government of Japan Report ReliefWeb July 20 2007 Retrieved December 28 2015 Philippines DSWD list of donors and donations for victims of TY Reming Government of the Philippines ReliefWeb January 29 2007 Retrieved May 3 2017 a b c d e Situation Reports Southeast Asia Typhoon Durian Dec 2006 Philippines Typhoon OCHA Situation Report No 4 a b c d e Situation Reports Southeast Asia Typhoon Durian Dec 2006 Philippines NDCC media update Typhoon Reming Durian 06 Dec 2006 6pm Philippines Typhoons Appeal no MDRPH002 Firnal report International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies Report ReliefWeb March 6 2009 Retrieved December 27 2015 IOM Hands Over Disaster Response Tracking Database to Philippines Government International Organization for Migration Report ReliefWeb January 15 2010 Retrieved December 27 2015 a b Philippines Typhoon survivors celebrate Christmas one year on International Organization for Migration Report December 21 2007 Retrieved December 27 2015 Tzu Chi s medical mission to Philippines Protecting the health of the poor Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation Report ReliefWeb March 9 2007 Retrieved December 28 2015 a b Philippines Bicol Power Restoration Project PDF Report World Bank April 17 2012 Retrieved December 23 2015 Philippines FAO donates vegetable seeds farm tools to new settlements International Organization for Migration Report ReliefWeb August 5 2008 Retrieved December 27 2015 Philippines president visits WFP typhoon relief operation World Food Programme Report ReliefWeb August 29 2007 Retrieved December 27 2015 WFP expands aid to victims of typhoon Reming in the Philippines World Food Programme Report ReliefWeb February 23 2007 Retrieved December 28 2015 Philippines Typhoons Appeal no MDRPH002 Operations Update no 5 International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies Report ReliefWeb July 20 2007 Retrieved December 28 2015 Philippines Italian gov t assisted projects in Albay amount to P26 million Government of the Philippines Report ReliefWeb November 11 2008 Retrieved December 27 2015 Erik Olsson June 26 2009 Red Cross builders brace for Philippine storms International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies Report ReliefWeb Retrieved December 27 2015 Philippines US Ambassador hands over IOM USAID homes to displaced survivors of Typhoon Reming International Organization for Migration Report ReliefWeb October 24 2008 Retrieved December 27 2015 Philippines DSWD releases P76m for construction of core shelter units in Bicol Government of the Philippines Report ReliefWeb July 6 2007 Retrieved December 28 2015 EE Jerusalem August 12 2008 Philippines UNICEF assists construction rehab of day care centers in Bicol Government of the Philippines Report ReliefWeb Retrieved December 27 2015 Philippines Blitz build to boost HFH Philippines new home constructions In typhoon hit Bicol Habitat for Humanity International Report September 3 2007 Retrieved December 27 2015 HFH Philippines to rebuild four schools and 3 000 homes for Typhoon Durian survivors Habitat for Humanity International Report ReliefWeb February 6 2007 Retrieved January 18 2016 Ed de Leon March 2 2011 Philippines Dams to be built around Mt Mayon Government of the Philippines Report ReliefWeb Retrieved December 23 2015 a b Situation Reports Southeast Asia Typhoon Durian Dec 2006 Viet Nam Typhoon Durian OCHA Situation Report No 2 Press Releases Southeast Asia Typhoon Durian Dec 2006 Vietnam Emergency funds sought following Durian ESCAP WMO Typhoon Committee Thirtyninth Session PDF Report World Meteorological Organization 2006 Retrieved December 23 2015 List of Retired Typhoon Names ESCAP WMO Typhoon Committee 2015 Retrieved December 23 2015 Typhoon Committee adopt new typhoon name China Meteorological Agency 2007 Archived from the original on December 8 2007 Retrieved 2007 12 11 Helen Flores May 11 2011 Bebeng out of Pagasa name list Philippine Star Retrieved December 26 2015 Philippine Tropical Cyclone Names Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration Archived from the original on February 1 2015 Retrieved February 1 2015 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Typhoon Durian Wikinews has related news Super typhoon triggers fatal mudslides in PhilippinesPhilippine typhoon toll may hit 1 000 JMA General Information of Typhoon Durian 0621 from Digital Typhoon JMA Best Track Data of Typhoon Durian 0621 in Japanese JTWC Best Track Data of Super Typhoon 24W Durian 24W DURIAN from the U S Naval Research Laboratory ReliefWeb s main page for this event Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Typhoon Durian amp oldid 1152420838, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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