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Wikipedia

Hurricane Dorian

November 22, 2023

For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Dorian.
Not to be confused with Hurricane Doria.

Hurricane Dorian was an extremely powerful and catastrophic Category 5 Atlantic hurricane, which became the most intense tropical cyclone on record to strike the Bahamas, and is tied with the 1935 Labor Day hurricane for the strongest landfall in the Atlantic basin in terms of maximum sustained winds. The 2019 cyclone is regarded as the worst natural disaster in the Bahamas' recorded history.[1] With winds peaking at 185 mph (295 km/h), it was also one of the most powerful hurricanes recorded in the Atlantic Ocean in terms of 1-minute sustained winds, and the strongest since Wilma in 2005. Dorian was the fourth named storm, second hurricane, the first major hurricane, and the first Category 5 hurricane of the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season. Dorian struck the Abaco Islands on September 1 with maximum sustained winds of 185 mph (295 km/h), tying with the 1935 Labor Day hurricane for the highest wind speeds of an Atlantic hurricane ever recorded at landfall. Dorian went on to strike Grand Bahama at similar intensity, stalling just north of the territory with unrelenting winds for at least 24 hours. The resultant damage to these islands was catastrophic; most structures were flattened or swept to sea, and at least 70,000 people were left homeless. After it ravaged through the Bahamas, Dorian proceeded along the coasts of the Southeastern United States and Atlantic Canada, leaving behind considerable damage and economic losses in those regions.

Hurricane Dorian
Hurricane Dorian near peak intensity over the Abaco Islands on September 1
Meteorological history
FormedAugust 24, 2019
ExtratropicalSeptember 7, 2019
DissipatedSeptember 10, 2019
Category 5 hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds185 mph (295 km/h)
Lowest pressure910 mbar (hPa); 26.87 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities84 total
Missing245
Damage≥$5.1 billion (2019 USD)
(Costliest in Bahamian history)
Areas affectedLesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, The Bahamas (especially the Abaco Islands and Grand Bahama), Eastern United States (especially Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina), Eastern Canada
IBTrACS
Part of the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season
History

Effects

Other wikis

  • Commons: Dorian images

Dorian developed from a tropical wave on August 24 over the Central Atlantic. The storm moved through the Lesser Antilles and became a hurricane north of the Greater Antilles on August 28. Dorian proceeded to undergo rapid intensification over the following days, before reaching its peak as a Category 5 hurricane with one-minute sustained winds of 185 mph (295 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 910 millibars (26.87 inHg) by September 1. It made landfall in the Bahamas in Elbow Cay, just east of Abaco Island, and again on Grand Bahama several hours later, where it remained nearly stationary for the next day or so. After weakening considerably, Dorian began moving northwestward on September 3, parallel to the east coast of Florida. Dwindling in strength, the hurricane turned to the northeast the next day and made landfall on Cape Hatteras at Category 2 intensity on September 6. Dorian transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 7, before striking first Nova Scotia and then Newfoundland with hurricane-force winds on the next day. The storm finally dissipated near Greenland on September 10.

From August 26 to August 28, the storm affected several parts of the northernmost Lesser Antilles. Damaging winds primarily affected the Virgin Islands where gusts reached 111 mph (179 km/h). Extensive precautionary measures were taken to mitigate damage, especially in Puerto Rico, where one person died. Elsewhere in the Lesser Antilles, impacts from the storm were relatively minor. In preparation for the storm, the states of Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia all declared a state of emergency and many coastal counties from Florida to North Carolina issued mandatory evacuation orders. Damage in the Bahamas was catastrophic due to the prolonged and intense storm conditions, including heavy rainfall, high winds and storm surge, with thousands of homes destroyed and at least 77 direct deaths recorded, 74 of which occurred in the Bahamas. The true death toll is unknown, with 245 people still missing as of August 2020.[2] Dorian is the costliest disaster in Bahamian history, estimated to have left behind $3.4 billion (2020 USD) in damage in that country, while causing a total of $5.1 billion in damage overall. Due to the damage and loss of life, the name Dorian was later retired from the Atlantic rotating naming lists by the World Meteorological Organization.

Meteorological history

Main article: Meteorological history of Hurricane Dorian
 
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On August 19, 2019, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) identified a tropical wave—an elongated trough of low air pressure—within a monsoon trough over Guinea and Senegal in western Africa. Convective activity associated with the wave was limited by an abundance of Saharan dust in the region.[3] Propagating west over the tropical Atlantic Ocean, the system remained disorganized for several days.[4] On August 23, a defined area of low pressure consolidated at the surface and thunderstorm activity increased.[5] The system acquired sufficient organized convection to be classified as Tropical Depression Five at 15:00 UTC on August 24. At this time the system was situated 805 mi (1,300 km) east-southeast of Barbados. A deep ridge imparted continued westward movement of the depression, steering it toward the Lesser Antilles.[6] A small cyclone, it soon developed a defined inner core with a 12 mi (18 km) wide eye-like feature. This marked the system's intensification into a tropical storm, at which time it was assigned the name Dorian by the NHC.[7] Thereafter, moderate wind shear and surrounding dry air limited further organization.[8] Rainbands gradually wrapped more around Dorian on August 25–26, though convection remained inconsistent.[9][10]

Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Rank Hurricane Season Wind speed
mph km/h
1 "Labor Day" 1935 185 295
Dorian 2019
3 Irma 2017 180 285
4 Janet 1955 175 280
Camille 1969
Anita 1977
David 1979
Dean 2007
9 "Cuba" 1924 165 270
Andrew 1992
Maria 2017
Source: HURDAT,[11] AOML/HRD[12]
†Strength refers to maximum sustained wind speed
upon striking land.

Dorian continued moving west and made landfall at 01:00 UTC on August 27 in Barbados, bringing tropical storm-force winds and heavy rain.[13] It then started moving northwestward toward Saint Lucia. At 11:00 UTC of the same day, Dorian made landfall on the island of Saint Lucia as a tropical storm,[14] briefly disrupting the core of the storm, before entering the Caribbean Sea.[15] The storm underwent a center relocation further north, to the west of Martinique, causing the island to experience tropical storm-force winds as well.[16] Dorian had been predicted to travel northwest and pass over or near the Dominican Republic or Puerto Rico,[17] possibly allowing their mountainous terrain to weaken the tropical storm. At that time, dry air and wind shear were expected to prevent Dorian from attaining hurricane status—although just barely.[18] However, Dorian took a more northerly track than expected, causing it to pass to the east of Puerto Rico and hit the US Virgin Islands. On August 28, Dorian intensified into a Category 1 hurricane as it approached the US Virgin Islands, where hurricane-force winds were recorded; at 15:30 UTC that day, Dorian became a hurricane and made landfall in Saint Croix and a few hours later, at 18:00 UTC, Dorian made landfall on Saint Thomas at a slightly higher intensity.[14][19] However, the hurricane's small size prevented mainland Puerto Rico from experiencing hurricane- or tropical storm-force winds, although this was not the case for the Spanish Virgin Islands.[20]

Once the system moved north past the Virgin Islands, the storm entered a more favorable environment. On the next day, the system started to rapidly intensify, reaching Category 2 status early on August 30.[21] Rapid intensification continued, and the storm eventually reached major hurricane status several hours later, on the same day.[22] This strengthening trend came to a halt for the remainder of the day, but soon resumed.[23] The system continued strengthening, and on August 31, Dorian attained Category 4 major hurricane status.[24] Dorian reached Category 5 intensity on the following day.[25] On the morning of September 1, a dropsonde deployed by a NOAA aircraft measured a wind gust of 176 knots (326 km/h; 203 mph) at the surface. With one-minute sustained winds of 180 mph (285 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 913 mbar (27.0 inHg), the NHC noted that Dorian was the strongest hurricane in modern records to affect the northwestern Bahamas.[26]

 
Hurricane Dorian as seen from the International Space Station on September 2, 2019
 
The amount of precipitation produced by Hurricane Dorian from August 27 to September 9

At 16:40 UTC on September 1, Dorian made landfall on Great Abaco Island in the Bahamas, with one-minute sustained winds of 185 mph (298 km/h), wind gusts over 220 mph (355 km/h), and a central barometric pressure of 910 millibars (27 inHg),[27][28] as Dorian reached its peak intensity during landfall.[29] Storm chaser Josh Morgerman observed a pressure of 913.4 mbar (26.97 inHg) in Marsh Harbour.[30] Dorian's forward speed decreased around this time, slowing to a westward crawl of 5 mph (8.0 km/h).[29] At 02:00 UTC on September 2, Dorian made landfall on Grand Bahama near the same intensity, with the same sustained wind speed.[31] Afterward, Dorian's forward speed slowed to just 1 knot (1.2 mph; 1.9 km/h), as the Bermuda High that was steering the storm westward weakened. Later that day, the storm began to undergo an eyewall replacement cycle to the north of Grand Bahama; the Bermuda High to the northeast of Dorian also collapsed, causing Dorian to stall just north of Grand Bahama.[32][33] Around the same time, the combination of the eyewall replacement cycle and upwelling of cold water caused Dorian to begin weakening, with Dorian dropping to Category 4 status at 15:00 UTC.[34] Due to the absence of steering currents, Dorian stalled north of Grand Bahama for about a day.[35][36] Dorian subsequently weakened to a Category 2 storm on September 3, before beginning to move northwestward at 15:00 UTC, parallel to the east coast of Florida, with Dorian's wind field expanding during this time.[36]

While moving northwestward, Dorian gradually reorganized. At 06:00 UTC on September 5, Dorian moved over the warm waters of the Gulf Stream and completed its eyewall replacement cycle, reintensifying into a Category 3 hurricane off the coast of South Carolina.[37] However, several hours later, Dorian encountered high wind shear, causing the storm to weaken to a Category 2 hurricane[38] early on September 6.[39] Then, at 12:35 UTC that day, Dorian made landfall in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina as a Category 2 hurricane, with 1-minute sustained winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 956 mb (28.2 inHg).[14][40] Afterward, Dorian began to transition into an extratropical cyclone as it quickly moved northeastward, completing its transition on September 7.[41] The storm maintained its intensity, due to baroclinic processes, generating Category 2 hurricane-equivalent winds.[42][43] Several hours later, at 7:05 p.m. AST on September 7 (23:05 UTC on September 7), Dorian made landfall on Sambro Creek, Nova Scotia, as a Category 1-equivalent extratropical storm,[44] before making its fourth and final landfall on the northern part of Newfoundland several hours later.[14][45] By 11:00 p.m. AST on September 8 (03:00 UTC on September 9), Dorian had moved into the Labrador Sea, 375 miles off the coast, moving northeastward at 24 mph (39 km/h), with wind speeds of 60 mph (97 km/h), maintaining tropical storm-strength winds.[46] As Dorian no longer posed a threat to Atlantic Canada at that time, the NHC issued their final advisory on the storm.[47] On September 10, Dorian's extratropical remnant dissipated off the coast of southern Greenland.[48]

Preparations

Caribbean

Main article: Effects of Hurricane Dorian in the Caribbean

Prior to Dorian's arrival in the Lesser Antilles, local governments issued various tropical cyclone warnings and watches across the islands.[14] LIAT cancelled multiple flights across the Lesser Antilles due to the storm and airports across the Virgin Islands temporarily suspended operations.[49][50] Many of the threatened islands suffered devastating impacts in 2017 from Hurricanes Irma and Maria, lending to greater vigilance.[51] In Barbados, thirty-eight shelters opened island-wide, with 103 residents seeking refuge in them. All public services were suspended for the duration of the storm.[52][53] Homeless persons were transported to shelter by emergency personnel.[54] On August 26, St. Lucia prime minister Allen Chastanet announced that the nation would "shut down" for the duration of Dorian.[55] In Dominica, Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit ordered all public sector workers to remain home and prepare for the storm.[56] The Ministry of Public Works mobilized heavy machinery and the police were placed on high alert.[51]

Puerto Rico Wanda Vázquez Garced declared a state of emergency for the territory on August 27.[19] The following day, the Puerto Rico National Guard was activated to support any relief operations related to the storm.[57] Fears centered around the still-unstable power grid which was largely destroyed by Maria;[58] hundreds of utility workers were deployed to quickly fix any outages.[59] In some areas, power lines remained affixed to palm trees.[58] An estimated 30,000 homes still had damaged roofs from the 2017 hurricane.[60] Territory-wide, 360 shelters with a collective capacity of 48,500 persons opened; 24,000 cots were distributed to these shelters.[19] A state of emergency was declared for the United States Virgin Islands on August 28.[19] Curfews were enacted for the British and United States Virgin Islands for the duration of the hurricane.[49][61]

Bahamas

Main article: Effects of Hurricane Dorian in The Bahamas

A warning to take immediate cover was issued by the NHC Twitter account, at 11 a.m. EDT on September 1, 2019, as Dorian made landfall in Elbow Cay, Bahamas, at 16:40 UTC as a Category 5 hurricane.[62][63] Samuel Butler, the Royal Bahamas Police Force assistant commissioner with responsibility for Grand Bahama and the Northern Region (Abaco, Bimini and the Berry Islands), told residents "if you do not heed to the warning [...] we know that the end could be fatal" and Don Cornish, the administrator with the City of Freeport told others seeking shelter at Old Bahama Bay Hotel "that is not a good idea [...] reconsider that decision".[64]

Mainland United States

 
President Trump at a FEMA briefing on the hurricane

Florida

On August 28, Florida governor Ron DeSantis declared a state of emergency for 26 counties in the hurricane's expected path.[59][65] This later expanded to the entire state on August 29. First responders distributed sandbags in many counties. Residents began stocking up on supplies throughout the state. In Brevard County, locals worked to trim large tree branches to protect power lines.[66] The University of Central Florida, Stetson University, Rollins College, and Daytona State College cancelled classes between August 30 and September 3.[67] In addition, the Florida Institute of Technology, University of North Florida, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Florida Atlantic University, University of South Florida, Florida International University and the University of Miami cancelled classes for at least one day on top of the three-day Labor Day weekend.

When it became apparent that Dorian would near the Florida coastline, a tropical storm watch was issued for the Florida east coast from Deerfield Beach to Sebastian Inlet on August 31. It was upgraded to a tropical storm warning a few hours later. A hurricane watch was issued for the area north of Deerfield Beach on September 1, and it was upgraded to a hurricane warning later that day. On the night of September 1, a hurricane watch was issued for Volusia and Broward counties, which was later upgraded to a hurricane warning and extended down the coast.

 
President Trump receives an update on Hurricane Dorian on August 29, 2019.

The Florida State League and Gulf Coast League of Minor League Baseball both cancelled the remainder of the regular season and the playoffs due to the hurricane.[68][69] In college football, the game between the Florida State Seminoles and the Boise State Broncos originally scheduled for 7 p.m. on August 31 in Jacksonville was moved to 12:00 p.m. on August 31 in Tallahassee to move the game out of the path of the storm.[70] The Orlando Pride of the National Women's Soccer League postponed their game against the Washington Spirit from August 31 to October 5.[71]

Kay Ivey, Governor of Alabama, announced that the Alabama National Guard would be sending up to fifty support personnel to Florida to aid in recovery efforts.[72][73] On September 1, Governor DeSantis said that 4,500 members of the United States National Guard had been activated to help aid those affected by Dorian, saying that the hurricane is "way too close for comfort."[74] On Sunday, September 1, Jacksonville, Florida, announced mandatory evacuations for Monday, September 2, taking effect at 8 a.m. The city bridges closed when wind speeds of 40 mph (64 km/h) were recorded. Emergency shelters opened at 10 a.m. on Monday.[75] Broward County Public Schools will be closed Tuesday;[76] all city and government offices, as well as all Duval County Public Schools, St. Johns County Public Schools, and Brevard Public Schools will be closed for Tuesday and Wednesday. Neptune Beach, Jacksonville Beach, and Atlantic Beach will closed Sunday night.[75] On September 2, a curfew was set in place for Flagler County that will start at 7 p.m. Tuesday until further notice.[77] Legoland Florida and parts of Walt Disney World were closed on Tuesday.[78] The parts not closed stayed open until either 2 p.m or 3 p.m. EDT.[79] It was announced on Tuesday that Walt Disney World would fully open back up for Wednesday.[80] Uber started offering fee waivers on roundtrip rides to and from shelters for up to $20.[81] Comcast started offering free Wi-Fi to everyone in Florida, Verizon provided unlimited calling, data, and texting for customers, and AT&T waived data overage charges for residents.[82] On September 3, 115 general shelters and 48 special needs shelters were open across the state of Florida.[83]

Georgia

On August 28, Georgia governor Brian Kemp declared a state of emergency for coastal counties of Georgia that are in the forecast path of the hurricane, including Brantley, Bryan, Camden, Charlton, Chatham, Effingham, Glynn, Liberty, Long, McIntosh, Pierce and Wayne counties.[84] Governor Kemp added several more counties on Wednesday, September 4, bringing the total number of counties under emergency to 21.[85] Atlanta Motor Speedway opened their campgrounds free of charge to evacuees of Hurricane Dorian.[86] The Georgia State Park System waived parking and pet fees at their parks and made many campgrounds available for evacuees.[87] Georgia State University offered free tickets to their September 7 football game to any evacuees.[88] The College of Coastal Georgia announced campus closures for both Tuesday and Wednesday following Labor Day.[89] Savannah State University also cancelled classes Tuesday. The Georgia coast began experiencing tropical storm force wind gusts and Dorian's outer rain on Wednesday, September 4.[90]

On September 2, a hurricane watch was issued for the south coast of Georgia as Dorian neared. It was later extended to include the whole coast. A tropical storm warning was issued for the entire coast as well.

South Carolina

 
Major General Roy V. McCarty of the South Carolina National Guard and Governor Henry McMaster conduct a briefing on the hurricane.

On August 31, South Carolina governor Henry McMaster declared a state of emergency for the entire state after the path of Dorian shifted to affect South Carolina as a strong hurricane.[91]

On September 1, during a news conference, Governor McMaster announced that mandatory evacuations for Jasper, Beaufort, Colleton, Charleston, Berkeley, Dorchester, Georgetown, and Horry counties will go into effect on Monday, September 2, at noon. State government offices and schools in the counties previously mentioned will be closed until further notice, starting Tuesday.[92] Due to the evacuations, many colleges including College of Charleston and Coastal Carolina University were closed from Tuesday until further notice.

On September 2, as Dorian's track shifted, a hurricane watch was issued for the entire coast. This was later upgraded to a warning as Dorian's expected track took it near the coast.

North Carolina

On August 30, North Carolina governor Roy Cooper declared a state of emergency for the entire state, due to the hurricane.[93] Charlotte Motor Speedway opened their campgrounds free of charge to evacuees of Hurricane Dorian.[94] In Durham, a large statewide hurricane shelter opened inside the former Sears store at the Northgate Mall.[95]

The University of North Carolina at Wilmington cancelled classes for the week of September 3 and issued a mandatory evacuation of the campus.[96] Over the Labor Day weekend, several school districts announced plans to close ahead of expected evacuations. New Hanover County, Pender County and Brunswick County, all in the Cape Fear region, cancelled public schools on September 4–5, as did several private schools and community colleges.[97]

Early voting for most counties in the special election in North Carolina's 3rd congressional district and for some counties in the special election for the 9th congressional district was also temporarily halted after Wednesday, September 4 as a result, until the North Carolina State Board of Elections could decide what action to take.[98] Ultimately, Karen Brinson Bell, the Board's Executive Director, would opt to use her emergency powers to extend early voting hours for the 9th district through Saturday, September 7, but only in four harder-hit counties that actually closed polling sites,[99] and to have other counties further inland which did not close polling sites[100] end early voting on Friday, September 6, as originally prescribed under state law, in order to make the most of the district's resources.[101] Likewise, the Board extended early voting hours through Saturday for 11 counties[102] in the 3rd district, but not for 6 other affected counties [103] suffering from "power outages, poor conditions or a lack of workers."[104][105]

Further north, along the Outer Banks in Dare County a mandatory evacuation order was given on September 2, 2019. Visitors and tourists were required to evacuate by noon on September 3, while residents were required to evacuate by 6:00 a.m. on September 4.[106] The state's ports were closed starting at 1:00 p.m. on Wednesday, September 4, until further notice. On September 3, Governor Cooper activated more than 300 members of the North Carolina National Guard to help aid in recovery efforts.[107]

On September 3, a hurricane watch was issued for the entire coastline. It was later upgraded to a warning just a few hours later.

Virginia

On September 2, Virginia governor Ralph Northam declared a state of emergency ahead of Dorian's anticipated impact on coastal Virginia.[108][109]

On September 3, a tropical storm watch was issued for the Delmarva Peninsula. This was upgraded to a warning a day later as Dorian's track became more apparent.

Maryland and Delaware

On September 4, as Dorian's large size was expected to potentially bring tropical storm conditions to southern Maryland and Delaware, in correspondence with the upgrading of the tropical storm watch in effect for the Delmarva to a warning, a tropical storm watch was issued for areas south of Fenwick Island, and areas of the Tidal Potomac River south of Cobb Island, as well as areas south of Drum Point. In Ocean City, Maryland, officials closed the seawall and removed items from the beach and boardwalk; swimming restrictions were also put into place.[110][111] In Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, swimming restrictions were also put into place, while the portion of the weekend Sandcastle Contest to take place on September 6 was cancelled.[111] Larry Hogan also authorized Maryland's Helicopter Aquatic Rescue Team to help with NC rescue.[112]

New England

As Dorian was pulled to the northeast by a passing cold front, the storm passed just 150 miles (240 km) offshore of New England. As a result of this near-miss, a tropical storm watch was issued on September 5 from Woods Hole to Sagamore Beach, including Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, in Massachusetts. It was upgraded to a warning later the same day. On September 6, a tropical storm warning was issued for the northern coast of Maine from Bar Harbor to Eastport.

Elsewhere

In Tennessee, Bristol Motor Speedway opened one of their campgrounds free of charge to evacuees of Hurricane Dorian.[113] Along the Jersey Shore in New Jersey, officials in Margate City prepared sandbags in case of flooding from the storm while officials in Brigantine removed lifeguard stands and boats from the beach.[114]

In advance of Dorian, Airbnb offered free housing to evacuees in Florida, Georgia, Alabama, and the Carolinas, valid from August 31 through September 16.[115] AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, and T-Mobile waived charges and/or provided unlimited data to customers within affected states.[116] The American Red Cross Utah Region deployed members to the Southeast U.S.[117] For days in advance of the storm, experts at U.S. Geological Survey warned of the likelihood of rip currents and beach erosion along the Southeast U.S. shoreline.[118] The organization deployed at least 150 storm-tide sensors and 22 other instruments to track the hurricane's effects along the coast.[119]

Alabama controversy

Main article: Hurricane Dorian–Alabama controversy
See also: False or misleading statements by Donald Trump § Hurricane Dorian

On September 1, President Donald Trump tweeted that multiple states, including Alabama, "will most likely be hit (much) harder than anticipated."[120] By that date, no weather forecaster was predicting that Dorian would impact Alabama, and the eight National Hurricane Center forecast updates over the preceding 24 hours showed Dorian steering well away from Alabama and moving up the Atlantic coast.[121][122] Trump was apparently relying on information that was several days old.[123] Twenty minutes later, the Birmingham, Alabama office of the National Weather Service (NWS) issued a tweet that appeared to contradict Trump, saying that Alabama "will NOT see any impacts from Dorian".[124] Over the following days Trump insisted repeatedly that he had been right about the hurricane threatening Alabama.[125]

President Trump displays the altered map in a video published by the White House on September 4, 2019.

On September 4 in the Oval Office, Trump displayed a modified version of the National Hurricane Center's August 29 diagram of Dorian's projected track. The modification was done with a black Sharpie marker to extend the cone of uncertainty of the hurricane's possible path into southern Alabama.[126][127] Trump said he did not know how the map came to be modified.[128] The incident resulted in the hashtag "Sharpiegate" trending on Twitter.[129] Later the same day, Trump tweeted a map dated August 28, showing numerous projected paths of Dorian. Trump falsely asserted "almost all models" showed Dorian hitting Alabama, even though the map showed most predicted paths would not enter Alabama.[121][130]

On September 6, NOAA published an unsigned statement which supported Trump's initial claim that Alabama was a target of the storm and criticized the Birmingham NWS office for denying it.[131][132] It was later revealed that NOAA had been ordered to issue such a statement by Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross,[133] and that he had been told by Acting White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney to get NOAA to support Trump's original statement that Alabama was threatened.[134][135] This direct White House involvement raised questions about political influence over NOAA, and is under investigation by multiple agencies including NOAA's acting chief scientist, the inspector general of the Commerce Department, and the House of Representatives committee which oversees NOAA.[133][136][137]

Atlantic Canada

As Dorian approached Atlantic Canada, hurricane and tropical storm warnings were issued for Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland.[138] On September 6, the Halifax Regional Municipality encouraged residents living along the eastern shores of Nova Scotia to evacuate, citing expected high winds, heavy rainfall, and waves up to 15 m (49 ft) in height.[139] The Nova Scotia Emergency Management Office implored residents to secure easily dislodged objects to prevent high winds from turning them into projectiles, drawing comparisons to Hurricane Juan in 2003.[140] Nova Scotia Power set up an emergency operations center and mobilized 1,000 personnel, including forestry crews, damage assessors, as well as power line technicians from adjacent provinces, to prepare for Dorian's impacts.[141] WestJet, Air Canada, and Porter Airlines issued travel advisories for the weekend and waived rebooking fees for flights to and from affected areas.[142]

Impacts

Deaths and damage by territory
Territory Fatalities Missing Damage
(2019 USD) 		Ref
Lesser Antilles 0 0 Unknown
Bahamas 74 245 $3.4 billion [14][143][144]
United States Puerto Rico 1 0 Unknown [145]
Florida 6 0 ≥$1.2 billion [146][147]
Georgia 0 0
South Carolina 0 0
North Carolina 3 0 [148]
Massachusetts 0 0
Maine 0 0
Canada 0 0 $78.9 million [149]
Totals: 84 245 $4.68 billion

Caribbean

Main article: Effects of Hurricane Dorian in the Caribbean

From August 26 to 29, Dorian produced damaging winds and heavy rain across the eastern Caribbean.[14] In Barbados, winds reached 55 mph (89 km/h),[150] downing trees and power lines.[53] Isolated interruptions to power occurred on St. Lucia; no damage occurred otherwise in the nation.[151][152] In Martinique, heavy rains—peaking at 102 mm (4.0 in) in Rivière-Pilote—and winds up to 61 mph (98 km/h) caused some damage, though overall damage was negligible.[153][154] Heavy showers in Dominica left multiple communities without power and water.[155] Rainfall extended north to Guadeloupe were accumulations reached 121 mm (4.8 in) in Matouba.[156] Striking the Virgin Islands as an intensifying hurricane, Dorian brought strong winds and heavy rains to the region.[19] Buck Island, just south of Saint Thomas, experienced sustained winds of 82 mph (132 km/h) and a peak gust of 111 mph (179 km/h).[157] Wind gusts on Saint Thomas reached 75 mph (121 km/h).[158] Island-wide blackouts occurred on Saint Thomas and Saint John, while 25,000 customers lost power on Saint Croix.[19][159] The high winds downed trees across the islands.[19] Along the coast, multiple boats broke from their moorings and washed ashore.[160][49] Some flooding occurred on Tortola in the British Virgin Islands.[61] Downed trees knocked out power to some residences on Virgin Gorda.[161] Because the hurricane moved farther northeast than initially anticipated, its effects in Puerto Rico were relatively limited.[19] A man in Bayamón died when he fell off his roof trying to clean drains in advance of the storm.[145]

Bahamas

 
Hurricane Dorian's destruction in the Bahamas
 
Animated greyscale satellite loop of 2019's Hurricane Dorian from intensification to landfall
 
Rainfall accumulation from Dorian
 
Damage from Hope Town, Bahamas
Main article: Effects of Hurricane Dorian in The Bahamas
Top 5 Costliest Bahamian hurricanes
Rank Hurricane Season Damage Ref
1 Dorian 2019 $3.4 billion
2 Sandy 2012 $700 million
3 Irma 2017 $685 million
4 Matthew 2016 $580 million
5 Michelle 2001 $300 million
5 Frances 2004 $300 million [162]

Increased tides were experienced in the Bahamas ahead of the storm, with rip currents occurring as well. On September 1, 2019, hurricane conditions arrived in some of the Abaco Islands. A few hours later, destructive conditions arrived, with Hurricane Dorian making landfall as a Category 5 hurricane at 16:40 UTC, becoming the strongest hurricane in modern records to strike the northwestern Bahamas.[163] Around 12:30 pm AST, Category 5 winds arrived at the Bahamas with the eyewall. Gusts of over 200 mph (320 km/h) also occurred. Devastating storm surge of up to 23 feet swept away many buildings and submerged a large part of the affected areas.[164] At 7:00 (UTC) on September 2, 2019, Grand Bahama International Airport was underwater.[165] Minister of Agriculture Michael Pintard reported an estimated storm tide of 20 to 25 ft (6.1 to 7.6 m) at his home on Grand Bahama.[166] The Bahamas prime minister, Hubert Minnis, said "This is a deadly [...] monster storm".[167]

Marsh Harbour received "catastrophic damage", according to an ABC News team.[168] Over 75% of the homes had been damaged,[169] Marsh Harbour International Airport's runway was underwater,[170] there was significant flooding on streets and beaches, damage to trees and with some home's roofs ripped off entirely.[171] The scene was described by an ABC reporter as "pure hell".[168] An eight-year-old boy drowned in the storm surge, while the boy's sister was also reported to be missing.[172][173] Four other people, along with the eight-year-old boy, were confirmed dead on the Abaco Islands, the prime minister told reporters on Monday.[174][175] By Wednesday, the death toll had been raised to twenty, according to the prime minister.[176][177] This soon increased to forty-three by Saturday. However, a Bahamas newspaper suggested that the actual death toll could be over 3,000.[178]

The local animal shelters were hit hard by the storm with the Humane Society of Grand Bahama's experiencing stronger storm surges than expected. Workers had attempted to help the animals before retreating to the attic crawl space but almost half of the 190 dogs in their care died in the flooding and some of the 85 cats died as well.[179] The numbers of animals has varied with earlier reports claiming that there were 135 dogs and 155 cats in the shelters care, with 80 cats and 90 dogs surviving.[180]

It is feared that the Bahama nuthatch may have been wiped out by Dorian, as it caused catastrophic damage to the Bahamian pineyards.[181] A 2020 post-hurricane assessment by the IUCN Red List still entertains the probability of the species being extant, although likely having a maximum population size of only 50 individuals and likely well below that, and indicates that extensive surveys for the species will be needed to confirm its status.[182]

 
Marsh Harbour Airport in Dorian's aftermath

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) reported that as many as 13,000 homes were damaged or destroyed on Abaco Island. Extensive flooding is also believed to have caused water wells to be contaminated with seawater, creating an urgent need for clean water.[183] Total damage in the country reached $3.4 billion. Property damage accounted for $2.5 billion; the nation suffered $717 million in economic losses; and $221 million was required for debris removal and cleaning a large oil spill.[143]

Around 11:24 UTC on September 2, 2019, total power was lost on the island of New Providence,[184] the following day at 1:50 (UTC) 40% of power had been restored.[185]

Tropical storm conditions continued into Monday, September 2. At 2 p.m. EDT, a sustained wind of 56 mph (90 km/h) and a gust of 69 mph (110 km/h) at a NOAA Coastal Marine observing site at Settlement Point on the west end of Grand Bahama Island.[186]

On September 3, Prime Minister Hubert Minnis stated, "Our urgent task will be to provide food, water, shelter, safety and security. Additional food will be delivered by NEMA tomorrow." He went on to say that Dorian was "the greatest national crisis in our country's history."[187] The United Nations projected that as of Saturday, September 7, at least 70,000 people had been left homeless on Grand Bahama and the Abaco Islands.[188]

On Thursday, September 12, over 1,300 people were missing or unaccounted for in the Bahamas, a number which plummeted from 2,500 over the previous two weeks.[189] On September 26, the number of people missing in the Bahamas dropped to 600, while the official death toll rose to 56.[190] By February 2020, the death toll rose to 74; including 63 in Abaco and 11 in Grand Bahama, with 282 people still reported as missing.[144]

Mainland United States

The National Centers for Environmental Information estimated total damage in the United States to be in excess of $1.2 billion.[147][191]

Florida

 
Dorian and Florida's east coast at night on September 2

On September 2, Florida began experiencing tropical storm-force winds. At 18:00 UTC (2 p.m. EDT), the pier in Juno Beach recorded a wind gust of 48 mph (75 km/h).[192] One death occurred in the central coast barrier island town of Indiatlantic, when a man fell three stories while boarding up his home.[193] During September 3 and 4, tropical storm force winds continued to move up the east coast of Florida, with the storm's eye staying about 100 miles away from landfall.[194]

Many areas along the Atlantic coast reporting gusts of over tropical storm force, especially at Cape Canaveral.[195] At 8 am EDT on September 4 at St. Augustine Beach, a sustained wind of 46 miles per hour (74 km/h) and a gust of 59 miles per hour (95 km/h) was reported.[196] In Jacksonville, the city experienced tropical storm force winds on September 4 which blew around debris and knocked out power. A lifeguard rescued a woman pulled out by a rip current in Jacksonville Beach while other swimmers were ordered out of the water.[197] Hurricane Dorian also caused three indirect deaths in Florida. A landscaper was electrocuted to death while trimming trees at a hotel in Naples, while two other people died during preparations for storm.[14]: 9 

The Carolinas

Main article: Effects of Hurricane Dorian in the Carolinas
See also: List of United States tornadoes from September to October 2019 § September 5 event

A fatality occurred in North Carolina on September 2, when an 85-year-old man fell off a ladder while boarding up his home, and another was confirmed dead on September 6, a 65-year-old man after he, too, fell off a ladder.[198][148] On September 5, several tornadoes spawned by Dorian were sighted in Onslow County.[199] At around 9 a.m. EST that day a tornado touched down in the town of Emerald Isle, causing severe damage to a recreational vehicle park and some mobile homes.[200] In total, 25 tornadoes were spawned by Dorian in North Carolina.[201] Flooding from the storm washed out a road in Sampson County.[202] On the same day, tropical-storm force winds had arrived in South Carolina. Dorian also produced some flooding, especially in Charleston.[203] Over 160,000 buildings lost power.[204] Two confirmed tornadoes were spawned in South Carolina by Dorian,[201] including a tornado that was reported in Little River that damaged trees, roofing, and lifted a car.[199] At the same day another tornado was reported in Myrtle Beach.[205] On the next day, Dorian made landfall in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina as a Category 2 storm.[206] Several people on Ocracoke Island were trapped in their attics by flooding from the 4-to-7-foot (1.2 to 2.1 m) storm surge, requiring rescue by boats. People were airlifted off the island to shelters on the mainland while food and water were brought in to residents on the island. NC 12 along Ocracoke Island suffered damage from flooding.[207] More than 190,000 people in North Carolina lost power from the storm.[208] The National Park Service Incident Management Team also reported that wave erosion from Dorian reshaped parts of the barrier islands in the Outer Banks.[209] High waves swept away a herd of cows from Cedar Island; three cows survived after being carried 4 mi (6.4 km) away to Core Banks.[210] A third fatality occurred on September 7 when a man died from injuries sustained in a chainsaw accident while he was trying to clear a fallen tree.[148]

Elsewhere

55 aircraft from military installations in Virginia and the Carolinas were evacuated to Pensacola in order to avoid the hurricane.[211] Waves from the hurricane caused erosion to the beaches in Delaware. In Bethany Beach, the waves narrowed the beaches and also damaged dune fencing.[212] The Jersey Shore saw gusty winds and rough waves from the storm.[213] The State of Alabama received no rainfall or wind effects from Hurricane Dorian during its track up the continental coast.[214] More than 3 in (76 mm) of rain fell in parts of Down East Maine. Gusts reached 40 to 50 mph (64 to 80 km/h) in coastal areas of the state, leaving hundreds of homes and businesses without power. Acadia National Park closed Sand Beach and Thunder Hole as a precaution and warned people to keep their distance from the waves.[215]

Atlantic Canada

 
Crane toppled by Dorian's hurricane-force winds on September 7, in Halifax, Nova Scotia

On September 7, 2019, at 5 p.m. EDT, Nova Scotia started to experience hurricane-force winds. By 7 p.m. EDT, the center of the storm passed over Halifax, while tropical storm conditions were being felt in Prince Edward Island.[216] By September 8, approximately 412,000 customers in Nova Scotia lost power, accounting for approximately 80 percent of the province, as well as 80,000 customers in New Brunswick.[217] Flooding was reported, roofs were torn off buildings, and a crane collapsed onto a building being constructed.[218] The collapse led to local evacuations for some residents and businesses.[219] First responders evacuated 31 persons from a campground in Prince Edward Island early Sunday morning, on September 7, as it was inundated by storm surge.[220] Though Dorian was post-tropical on arrival, winds off the coast of Nova Scotia were estimated to reach 155 km/h (96 mph), equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane.[221] Rainfall totals were highest in Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia, which received 161 mm (6.3 in) of rain. Various stations across Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island recorded rainfall amounts in excess of 130 mm (5.1 in).[221] Several stations recorded winds higher than 130 km/h (81 mph), with the highest gusts recorded in Grand Étang, Nova Scotia, at 155 km/h (96 mph).[221] In the Cavendish area of Prince Edward Island National Park, 80 percent of trees suffered damage from the high winds, and storm surge caused 2 metres (6.6 ft) of coastal erosion.[222] Winds of 120 km/h (75 mph) also affected the Magdalen Islands of Quebec in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.[223] Seven thousand customers were without power there at one point, representing nearly all customers on the islands. On the night of September 7, a buoy off the coast of Newfoundland detected a 100 ft (30 m) rogue wave, which had been generated by Dorian's winds.[224] Insurance damage across the region was estimated at C$105 million (US$78.9 million),[149] with power grid damage in Nova Scotia alone accounting for $39 million (Canadian) by Nova Scotia Power, making it the costliest storm in Nova Scotia Power's history.[225]

Aftermath

 
U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents deliver relief supplies to the Bahamas.
 
Grand Celebration helped transport evacuees from the Bahamas to Florida.
 
U.S. Customs agents examine documents for evacuees.

Bahamian prime minister Hubert Minnis praised the United States for "assisting us with all of our needs." President Donald Trump assured the Bahamian prime minister of help in relief efforts.[226] In September 2019, President Donald Trump stated that his administration is planning to extend temporary protected status to immigrants from the hurricane-hit Bahamas.[227] There was confusion with the statement however, with the acting Commissioner of US Customs and Border Protection Mark Morgan stating that the US would "...accept anyone on humanitarian reasons...".[228] Shortly after his statement Trump stated that no one would be allowed in without proper documentation, claiming "...the Bahamas had some tremendous problems with people going to the Bahamas that weren't supposed to be there" and the need to protect the US against gang members and drug dealers.[229]

The Bahamas Paradise, Royal Caribbean, Norwegian, and Carnival cruise lines started sending water bottles and meals to the Bahamas. The Grand Celebration offered to give a chance for evacuees to evacuate to Florida free of charge, given they have the proper documentation.[230] On September 7, the Grand Celebration helped bring more than 1,100 evacuees to Florida. The company stated in a press release that "the cruise line spent nearly a full day clearing potential evacuees, including vetting their visa and passport documentation."[231] The Royal Caribbean International also helped deliver more than 43,000 water bottles and 10,000 meals to the Bahamas.[230]

The United States branch of the Jehovah's Witnesses also participated in the relief efforts, delivering 100+ tons of relief supplies and 700 volunteer workers to the affected areas.[232]

The evacuation process was not without confusion as many evacuees who had boarded the Balearia Caribbean, were not told until the vessel had almost departed that anyone traveling to the United States without a visa must disembark. This caused many, including families with children to disembark. Blame for the confusion was placed on US Customs and Border Protection by the vessel who claimed to have been told that visa's were not necessary, and on the vessel by the US Customs and Border Protection who stated the vessel did not coordinate properly.[233]

As the hurricane had damaged or destroyed a majority of the Humane Society of Grand Bahama and killed many of the animals in its care, a GoFundMe was created in order to help renovate and aid the organization's locations. Surviving animals were airlifted to the United States in order to disperse them to other shelters while the organization was stabilized.[234]

About 300 military personnel from the Canadian Armed Forces were deployed to the Halifax area to assist with recovery.[235] Parks Canada estimated that 80 per cent of the trees in the western, Cavendish segment of Prince Edward Island National Park were downed by the storm, as well as causing 2 m (6.6 ft) of coastal erosion.[236] All public schools in Nova Scotia were closed on September 9 and 10. Public schools were closed across Prince Edward Island on the 9th, and most re-opened the next day.

News reports stated that the Bahama nuthatch has been wiped out by Dorian as it caused impact on the Bahamian pineyards.[181]

Records

Most intense landfalling Atlantic hurricanes
Intensity is measured solely by central pressure
Rank Hurricane Season Landfall pressure
1 "Labor Day"[nb 1] 1935 892 mbar (hPa)
2 Camille 1969 900 mbar (hPa)
Gilbert 1988
4 Dean 2007 905 mbar (hPa)
5 "Cuba" 1924 910 mbar (hPa)
Dorian 2019
7 Janet 1955 914 mbar (hPa)
Irma 2017
9 "Cuba" 1932 918 mbar (hPa)
10 Michael 2018 919 mbar (hPa)
Sources: HURDAT,[11] AOML/HRD,[12] NHC[238]

With sustained winds of 185 mph (295 km/h), Dorian is the strongest hurricane on record to strike the Bahamas since records began in 1851.[239][163]

Dorian is tied with the 1935 Labor Day hurricane for the highest sustained winds at landfall in an Atlantic hurricane;[240] by the same metric, it is also the strongest Atlantic hurricane since Wilma in 2005. By central pressure, it was the fifth lowest pressure of a hurricane at landfall. Dorian is one of only two Category 5 hurricanes to make landfall on the Abaco Islands, the other having occurred in 1932,[241] and is the only such storm on record to have impacted Grand Bahama.[242] With Dorian, 2019 became the fourth consecutive year to produce at least one Category 5 hurricane in the North Atlantic.[243][nb 2]

Additionally, Dorian featured the highest sustained winds in an Atlantic hurricane recorded at latitude (26.6°N),[244] and was the strongest Atlantic-basin hurricane ever detected outside of the tropics, surpassing Hurricane Irma.[245] Dorian also tracked the least distance in a 24-hour period recorded for an Atlantic major hurricane since Hurricane Betsy in 1965.[245] The storm impacted a single land area as a Category 5 hurricane for the longest duration recorded in the Atlantic basin, with portions of Dorian's eyewall striking Great Abaco Island and Grand Bahama with Category 5 winds for about 22 hours.[246]

Retirement

Due to the disastrous effects of Dorian, particularly in the Bahamas, the name was originally expected to be retired in the Spring of 2020. However, the 2020 World Meteorological Organization meeting was online and shortened due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in insufficient amount of time for discussing potential retirements and replacements of tropical cyclone names.[247][248] During the following year's meeting, Dorian was retired due to the damages and deaths it caused, and will never be used again for another Atlantic hurricane. It will be replaced with Dexter for the 2025 season.[249]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Storms with quotations are officially unnamed. Tropical storms and hurricanes were not named before the year 1950.[237]
  2. ^ The four-year period of 2016–2019 broke the record for most consecutive years yielding at least one Category 5 storm.[243]

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  242. ^ Klotzbach, Philip [@philklotzbach] (September 2, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian has made landfall on Grand Bahama Island as a Category 5 hurricane. It is the first Category 5 hurricane on record to make landfall on Grand Bahama Island" (Tweet). Retrieved September 2, 2019 – via Twitter.
  243. ^ a b "Hurricane Dorian Becomes the 5th Atlantic Category 5 in 4 Years". The Weather Channel. from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  244. ^ Klotzbach, Philip [@philklotzbach] (September 2, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian's current maximum wind speed of 185 mph is the strongest for any hurricane this far north (26.6°N) in the Atlantic on record. Prior record north of Dorian's current position was 175 mph by Carla (1961) and Camille (1969)" (Tweet). Retrieved September 2, 2019 – via Twitter.
  245. ^ a b Klotzbach, Philip (September 5, 2019). (PDF). tropical.colostate.edu. Colorado State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  246. ^ Rice, Doyle (September 7, 2019). "Dorian's legacy: The slowest, strongest hurricane to ever hit the Bahamas". USA Today. from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  247. ^ Uliano, Danielle (April 20, 2020). "Dorian not retired as a hurricane name... yet". News4Jax. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
  248. ^ Miller, Kimberly (April 7, 2020). "Coronavirus Florida: Why Dorian won't be retired as a hurricane name this year". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
  249. ^ World Meteorological Organization (March 17, 2021). "WMO Hurricane Committee retires tropical cyclone names and ends the use of Greek alphabet". Retrieved March 17, 2021.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Dorian.
 
Wikinews has related news:
  • Hurricane Dorian strengthens to Category 5, makes landfall in the Bahamas

The National Hurricane Center:

  • Archived 5-day Forecasts Track and Watch/Warnings Graphic
  • Advisory archive on Hurricane Dorian

November 22, 2023
hurricane, dorian, other, storms, same, name, list, storms, named, dorian, confused, with, hurricane, doria, extremely, powerful, catastrophic, category, atlantic, hurricane, which, became, most, intense, tropical, cyclone, record, strike, bahamas, tied, with,. For other storms of the same name see List of storms named Dorian Not to be confused with Hurricane Doria Hurricane Dorian was an extremely powerful and catastrophic Category 5 Atlantic hurricane which became the most intense tropical cyclone on record to strike the Bahamas and is tied with the 1935 Labor Day hurricane for the strongest landfall in the Atlantic basin in terms of maximum sustained winds The 2019 cyclone is regarded as the worst natural disaster in the Bahamas recorded history 1 With winds peaking at 185 mph 295 km h it was also one of the most powerful hurricanes recorded in the Atlantic Ocean in terms of 1 minute sustained winds and the strongest since Wilma in 2005 Dorian was the fourth named storm second hurricane the first major hurricane and the first Category 5 hurricane of the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season Dorian struck the Abaco Islands on September 1 with maximum sustained winds of 185 mph 295 km h tying with the 1935 Labor Day hurricane for the highest wind speeds of an Atlantic hurricane ever recorded at landfall Dorian went on to strike Grand Bahama at similar intensity stalling just north of the territory with unrelenting winds for at least 24 hours The resultant damage to these islands was catastrophic most structures were flattened or swept to sea and at least 70 000 people were left homeless After it ravaged through the Bahamas Dorian proceeded along the coasts of the Southeastern United States and Atlantic Canada leaving behind considerable damage and economic losses in those regions Hurricane Dorian Hurricane Dorian near peak intensity over the Abaco Islands on September 1Meteorological historyFormedAugust 24 2019ExtratropicalSeptember 7 2019DissipatedSeptember 10 2019Category 5 hurricane1 minute sustained SSHWS NWS Highest winds185 mph 295 km h Lowest pressure910 mbar hPa 26 87 inHgOverall effectsFatalities84 totalMissing245Damage 5 1 billion 2019 USD Costliest in Bahamian history Areas affectedLesser Antilles Puerto Rico The Bahamas especially the Abaco Islands and Grand Bahama Eastern United States especially Florida Georgia South Carolina and North Carolina Eastern CanadaIBTrACSPart of the 2019 Atlantic hurricane seasonHistory Meteorological historyEffects The Caribbean The Bahamas The Carolinas Alabama controversyOther wikis Commons Dorian imagesDorian developed from a tropical wave on August 24 over the Central Atlantic The storm moved through the Lesser Antilles and became a hurricane north of the Greater Antilles on August 28 Dorian proceeded to undergo rapid intensification over the following days before reaching its peak as a Category 5 hurricane with one minute sustained winds of 185 mph 295 km h and a minimum central pressure of 910 millibars 26 87 inHg by September 1 It made landfall in the Bahamas in Elbow Cay just east of Abaco Island and again on Grand Bahama several hours later where it remained nearly stationary for the next day or so After weakening considerably Dorian began moving northwestward on September 3 parallel to the east coast of Florida Dwindling in strength the hurricane turned to the northeast the next day and made landfall on Cape Hatteras at Category 2 intensity on September 6 Dorian transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 7 before striking first Nova Scotia and then Newfoundland with hurricane force winds on the next day The storm finally dissipated near Greenland on September 10 From August 26 to August 28 the storm affected several parts of the northernmost Lesser Antilles Damaging winds primarily affected the Virgin Islands where gusts reached 111 mph 179 km h Extensive precautionary measures were taken to mitigate damage especially in Puerto Rico where one person died Elsewhere in the Lesser Antilles impacts from the storm were relatively minor In preparation for the storm the states of Florida Georgia South Carolina North Carolina and Virginia all declared a state of emergency and many coastal counties from Florida to North Carolina issued mandatory evacuation orders Damage in the Bahamas was catastrophic due to the prolonged and intense storm conditions including heavy rainfall high winds and storm surge with thousands of homes destroyed and at least 77 direct deaths recorded 74 of which occurred in the Bahamas The true death toll is unknown with 245 people still missing as of August 2020 2 Dorian is the costliest disaster in Bahamian history estimated to have left behind 3 4 billion 2020 USD in damage in that country while causing a total of 5 1 billion in damage overall Due to the damage and loss of life the name Dorian was later retired from the Atlantic rotating naming lists by the World Meteorological Organization Contents 1 Meteorological history 2 Preparations 2 1 Caribbean 2 2 Bahamas 2 3 Mainland United States 2 3 1 Florida 2 3 2 Georgia 2 3 3 South Carolina 2 3 4 North Carolina 2 3 5 Virginia 2 3 6 Maryland and Delaware 2 3 7 New England 2 3 8 Elsewhere 2 3 9 Alabama controversy 2 4 Atlantic Canada 3 Impacts 3 1 Caribbean 3 2 Bahamas 3 3 Mainland United States 3 3 1 Florida 3 3 2 The Carolinas 3 3 3 Elsewhere 3 4 Atlantic Canada 4 Aftermath 5 Records 6 Retirement 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External linksMeteorological historyMain article Meteorological history of Hurricane Dorian nbsp Map plotting the storm s track and intensity according to the Saffir Simpson scaleMap keySaffir Simpson scale Tropical depression 38 mph 62 km h Tropical storm 39 73 mph 63 118 km h Category 1 74 95 mph 119 153 km h Category 2 96 110 mph 154 177 km h Category 3 111 129 mph 178 208 km h Category 4 130 156 mph 209 251 km h Category 5 157 mph 252 km h Unknown Storm type nbsp Tropical cyclone nbsp Subtropical cyclone nbsp Extratropical cyclone remnant low tropical disturbance or monsoon depressionOn August 19 2019 the National Hurricane Center NHC identified a tropical wave an elongated trough of low air pressure within a monsoon trough over Guinea and Senegal in western Africa Convective activity associated with the wave was limited by an abundance of Saharan dust in the region 3 Propagating west over the tropical Atlantic Ocean the system remained disorganized for several days 4 On August 23 a defined area of low pressure consolidated at the surface and thunderstorm activity increased 5 The system acquired sufficient organized convection to be classified as Tropical Depression Five at 15 00 UTC on August 24 At this time the system was situated 805 mi 1 300 km east southeast of Barbados A deep ridge imparted continued westward movement of the depression steering it toward the Lesser Antilles 6 A small cyclone it soon developed a defined inner core with a 12 mi 18 km wide eye like feature This marked the system s intensification into a tropical storm at which time it was assigned the name Dorian by the NHC 7 Thereafter moderate wind shear and surrounding dry air limited further organization 8 Rainbands gradually wrapped more around Dorian on August 25 26 though convection remained inconsistent 9 10 Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes Rank Hurricane Season Wind speedmph km h1 Labor Day 1935 185 295Dorian 20193 Irma 2017 180 2854 Janet 1955 175 280Camille 1969Anita 1977David 1979Dean 20079 Cuba 1924 165 270Andrew 1992Maria 2017Source HURDAT 11 AOML HRD 12 Strength refers to maximum sustained wind speed upon striking land Dorian continued moving west and made landfall at 01 00 UTC on August 27 in Barbados bringing tropical storm force winds and heavy rain 13 It then started moving northwestward toward Saint Lucia At 11 00 UTC of the same day Dorian made landfall on the island of Saint Lucia as a tropical storm 14 briefly disrupting the core of the storm before entering the Caribbean Sea 15 The storm underwent a center relocation further north to the west of Martinique causing the island to experience tropical storm force winds as well 16 Dorian had been predicted to travel northwest and pass over or near the Dominican Republic or Puerto Rico 17 possibly allowing their mountainous terrain to weaken the tropical storm At that time dry air and wind shear were expected to prevent Dorian from attaining hurricane status although just barely 18 However Dorian took a more northerly track than expected causing it to pass to the east of Puerto Rico and hit the US Virgin Islands On August 28 Dorian intensified into a Category 1 hurricane as it approached the US Virgin Islands where hurricane force winds were recorded at 15 30 UTC that day Dorian became a hurricane and made landfall in Saint Croix and a few hours later at 18 00 UTC Dorian made landfall on Saint Thomas at a slightly higher intensity 14 19 However the hurricane s small size prevented mainland Puerto Rico from experiencing hurricane or tropical storm force winds although this was not the case for the Spanish Virgin Islands 20 Once the system moved north past the Virgin Islands the storm entered a more favorable environment On the next day the system started to rapidly intensify reaching Category 2 status early on August 30 21 Rapid intensification continued and the storm eventually reached major hurricane status several hours later on the same day 22 This strengthening trend came to a halt for the remainder of the day but soon resumed 23 The system continued strengthening and on August 31 Dorian attained Category 4 major hurricane status 24 Dorian reached Category 5 intensity on the following day 25 On the morning of September 1 a dropsonde deployed by a NOAA aircraft measured a wind gust of 176 knots 326 km h 203 mph at the surface With one minute sustained winds of 180 mph 285 km h and a minimum pressure of 913 mbar 27 0 inHg the NHC noted that Dorian was the strongest hurricane in modern records to affect the northwestern Bahamas 26 nbsp Hurricane Dorian as seen from the International Space Station on September 2 2019 nbsp The amount of precipitation produced by Hurricane Dorian from August 27 to September 9At 16 40 UTC on September 1 Dorian made landfall on Great Abaco Island in the Bahamas with one minute sustained winds of 185 mph 298 km h wind gusts over 220 mph 355 km h and a central barometric pressure of 910 millibars 27 inHg 27 28 as Dorian reached its peak intensity during landfall 29 Storm chaser Josh Morgerman observed a pressure of 913 4 mbar 26 97 inHg in Marsh Harbour 30 Dorian s forward speed decreased around this time slowing to a westward crawl of 5 mph 8 0 km h 29 At 02 00 UTC on September 2 Dorian made landfall on Grand Bahama near the same intensity with the same sustained wind speed 31 Afterward Dorian s forward speed slowed to just 1 knot 1 2 mph 1 9 km h as the Bermuda High that was steering the storm westward weakened Later that day the storm began to undergo an eyewall replacement cycle to the north of Grand Bahama the Bermuda High to the northeast of Dorian also collapsed causing Dorian to stall just north of Grand Bahama 32 33 Around the same time the combination of the eyewall replacement cycle and upwelling of cold water caused Dorian to begin weakening with Dorian dropping to Category 4 status at 15 00 UTC 34 Due to the absence of steering currents Dorian stalled north of Grand Bahama for about a day 35 36 Dorian subsequently weakened to a Category 2 storm on September 3 before beginning to move northwestward at 15 00 UTC parallel to the east coast of Florida with Dorian s wind field expanding during this time 36 While moving northwestward Dorian gradually reorganized At 06 00 UTC on September 5 Dorian moved over the warm waters of the Gulf Stream and completed its eyewall replacement cycle reintensifying into a Category 3 hurricane off the coast of South Carolina 37 However several hours later Dorian encountered high wind shear causing the storm to weaken to a Category 2 hurricane 38 early on September 6 39 Then at 12 35 UTC that day Dorian made landfall in Cape Hatteras North Carolina as a Category 2 hurricane with 1 minute sustained winds of 100 mph 160 km h and a minimum central pressure of 956 mb 28 2 inHg 14 40 Afterward Dorian began to transition into an extratropical cyclone as it quickly moved northeastward completing its transition on September 7 41 The storm maintained its intensity due to baroclinic processes generating Category 2 hurricane equivalent winds 42 43 Several hours later at 7 05 p m AST on September 7 23 05 UTC on September 7 Dorian made landfall on Sambro Creek Nova Scotia as a Category 1 equivalent extratropical storm 44 before making its fourth and final landfall on the northern part of Newfoundland several hours later 14 45 By 11 00 p m AST on September 8 03 00 UTC on September 9 Dorian had moved into the Labrador Sea 375 miles off the coast moving northeastward at 24 mph 39 km h with wind speeds of 60 mph 97 km h maintaining tropical storm strength winds 46 As Dorian no longer posed a threat to Atlantic Canada at that time the NHC issued their final advisory on the storm 47 On September 10 Dorian s extratropical remnant dissipated off the coast of southern Greenland 48 PreparationsCaribbean Main article Effects of Hurricane Dorian in the Caribbean Prior to Dorian s arrival in the Lesser Antilles local governments issued various tropical cyclone warnings and watches across the islands 14 LIAT cancelled multiple flights across the Lesser Antilles due to the storm and airports across the Virgin Islands temporarily suspended operations 49 50 Many of the threatened islands suffered devastating impacts in 2017 from Hurricanes Irma and Maria lending to greater vigilance 51 In Barbados thirty eight shelters opened island wide with 103 residents seeking refuge in them All public services were suspended for the duration of the storm 52 53 Homeless persons were transported to shelter by emergency personnel 54 On August 26 St Lucia prime minister Allen Chastanet announced that the nation would shut down for the duration of Dorian 55 In Dominica Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit ordered all public sector workers to remain home and prepare for the storm 56 The Ministry of Public Works mobilized heavy machinery and the police were placed on high alert 51 Puerto Rico Wanda Vazquez Garced declared a state of emergency for the territory on August 27 19 The following day the Puerto Rico National Guard was activated to support any relief operations related to the storm 57 Fears centered around the still unstable power grid which was largely destroyed by Maria 58 hundreds of utility workers were deployed to quickly fix any outages 59 In some areas power lines remained affixed to palm trees 58 An estimated 30 000 homes still had damaged roofs from the 2017 hurricane 60 Territory wide 360 shelters with a collective capacity of 48 500 persons opened 24 000 cots were distributed to these shelters 19 A state of emergency was declared for the United States Virgin Islands on August 28 19 Curfews were enacted for the British and United States Virgin Islands for the duration of the hurricane 49 61 Bahamas Main article Effects of Hurricane Dorian in The Bahamas A warning to take immediate cover was issued by the NHC Twitter account at 11 a m EDT on September 1 2019 as Dorian made landfall in Elbow Cay Bahamas at 16 40 UTC as a Category 5 hurricane 62 63 Samuel Butler the Royal Bahamas Police Force assistant commissioner with responsibility for Grand Bahama and the Northern Region Abaco Bimini and the Berry Islands told residents if you do not heed to the warning we know that the end could be fatal and Don Cornish the administrator with the City of Freeport told others seeking shelter at Old Bahama Bay Hotel that is not a good idea reconsider that decision 64 Mainland United States nbsp President Trump at a FEMA briefing on the hurricaneFlorida On August 28 Florida governor Ron DeSantis declared a state of emergency for 26 counties in the hurricane s expected path 59 65 This later expanded to the entire state on August 29 First responders distributed sandbags in many counties Residents began stocking up on supplies throughout the state In Brevard County locals worked to trim large tree branches to protect power lines 66 The University of Central Florida Stetson University Rollins College and Daytona State College cancelled classes between August 30 and September 3 67 In addition the Florida Institute of Technology University of North Florida Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Florida Atlantic University University of South Florida Florida International University and the University of Miami cancelled classes for at least one day on top of the three day Labor Day weekend When it became apparent that Dorian would near the Florida coastline a tropical storm watch was issued for the Florida east coast from Deerfield Beach to Sebastian Inlet on August 31 It was upgraded to a tropical storm warning a few hours later A hurricane watch was issued for the area north of Deerfield Beach on September 1 and it was upgraded to a hurricane warning later that day On the night of September 1 a hurricane watch was issued for Volusia and Broward counties which was later upgraded to a hurricane warning and extended down the coast nbsp President Trump receives an update on Hurricane Dorian on August 29 2019 The Florida State League and Gulf Coast League of Minor League Baseball both cancelled the remainder of the regular season and the playoffs due to the hurricane 68 69 In college football the game between the Florida State Seminoles and the Boise State Broncos originally scheduled for 7 p m on August 31 in Jacksonville was moved to 12 00 p m on August 31 in Tallahassee to move the game out of the path of the storm 70 The Orlando Pride of the National Women s Soccer League postponed their game against the Washington Spirit from August 31 to October 5 71 Kay Ivey Governor of Alabama announced that the Alabama National Guard would be sending up to fifty support personnel to Florida to aid in recovery efforts 72 73 On September 1 Governor DeSantis said that 4 500 members of the United States National Guard had been activated to help aid those affected by Dorian saying that the hurricane is way too close for comfort 74 On Sunday September 1 Jacksonville Florida announced mandatory evacuations for Monday September 2 taking effect at 8 a m The city bridges closed when wind speeds of 40 mph 64 km h were recorded Emergency shelters opened at 10 a m on Monday 75 Broward County Public Schools will be closed Tuesday 76 all city and government offices as well as all Duval County Public Schools St Johns County Public Schools and Brevard Public Schools will be closed for Tuesday and Wednesday Neptune Beach Jacksonville Beach and Atlantic Beach will closed Sunday night 75 On September 2 a curfew was set in place for Flagler County that will start at 7 p m Tuesday until further notice 77 Legoland Florida and parts of Walt Disney World were closed on Tuesday 78 The parts not closed stayed open until either 2 p m or 3 p m EDT 79 It was announced on Tuesday that Walt Disney World would fully open back up for Wednesday 80 Uber started offering fee waivers on roundtrip rides to and from shelters for up to 20 81 Comcast started offering free Wi Fi to everyone in Florida Verizon provided unlimited calling data and texting for customers and AT amp T waived data overage charges for residents 82 On September 3 115 general shelters and 48 special needs shelters were open across the state of Florida 83 Georgia On August 28 Georgia governor Brian Kemp declared a state of emergency for coastal counties of Georgia that are in the forecast path of the hurricane including Brantley Bryan Camden Charlton Chatham Effingham Glynn Liberty Long McIntosh Pierce and Wayne counties 84 Governor Kemp added several more counties on Wednesday September 4 bringing the total number of counties under emergency to 21 85 Atlanta Motor Speedway opened their campgrounds free of charge to evacuees of Hurricane Dorian 86 The Georgia State Park System waived parking and pet fees at their parks and made many campgrounds available for evacuees 87 Georgia State University offered free tickets to their September 7 football game to any evacuees 88 The College of Coastal Georgia announced campus closures for both Tuesday and Wednesday following Labor Day 89 Savannah State University also cancelled classes Tuesday The Georgia coast began experiencing tropical storm force wind gusts and Dorian s outer rain on Wednesday September 4 90 On September 2 a hurricane watch was issued for the south coast of Georgia as Dorian neared It was later extended to include the whole coast A tropical storm warning was issued for the entire coast as well South Carolina nbsp Major General Roy V McCarty of the South Carolina National Guard and Governor Henry McMaster conduct a briefing on the hurricane On August 31 South Carolina governor Henry McMaster declared a state of emergency for the entire state after the path of Dorian shifted to affect South Carolina as a strong hurricane 91 On September 1 during a news conference Governor McMaster announced that mandatory evacuations for Jasper Beaufort Colleton Charleston Berkeley Dorchester Georgetown and Horry counties will go into effect on Monday September 2 at noon State government offices and schools in the counties previously mentioned will be closed until further notice starting Tuesday 92 Due to the evacuations many colleges including College of Charleston and Coastal Carolina University were closed from Tuesday until further notice On September 2 as Dorian s track shifted a hurricane watch was issued for the entire coast This was later upgraded to a warning as Dorian s expected track took it near the coast North Carolina On August 30 North Carolina governor Roy Cooper declared a state of emergency for the entire state due to the hurricane 93 Charlotte Motor Speedway opened their campgrounds free of charge to evacuees of Hurricane Dorian 94 In Durham a large statewide hurricane shelter opened inside the former Sears store at the Northgate Mall 95 The University of North Carolina at Wilmington cancelled classes for the week of September 3 and issued a mandatory evacuation of the campus 96 Over the Labor Day weekend several school districts announced plans to close ahead of expected evacuations New Hanover County Pender County and Brunswick County all in the Cape Fear region cancelled public schools on September 4 5 as did several private schools and community colleges 97 Early voting for most counties in the special election in North Carolina s 3rd congressional district and for some counties in the special election for the 9th congressional district was also temporarily halted after Wednesday September 4 as a result until the North Carolina State Board of Elections could decide what action to take 98 Ultimately Karen Brinson Bell the Board s Executive Director would opt to use her emergency powers to extend early voting hours for the 9th district through Saturday September 7 but only in four harder hit counties that actually closed polling sites 99 and to have other counties further inland which did not close polling sites 100 end early voting on Friday September 6 as originally prescribed under state law in order to make the most of the district s resources 101 Likewise the Board extended early voting hours through Saturday for 11 counties 102 in the 3rd district but not for 6 other affected counties 103 suffering from power outages poor conditions or a lack of workers 104 105 Further north along the Outer Banks in Dare County a mandatory evacuation order was given on September 2 2019 Visitors and tourists were required to evacuate by noon on September 3 while residents were required to evacuate by 6 00 a m on September 4 106 The state s ports were closed starting at 1 00 p m on Wednesday September 4 until further notice On September 3 Governor Cooper activated more than 300 members of the North Carolina National Guard to help aid in recovery efforts 107 On September 3 a hurricane watch was issued for the entire coastline It was later upgraded to a warning just a few hours later Virginia On September 2 Virginia governor Ralph Northam declared a state of emergency ahead of Dorian s anticipated impact on coastal Virginia 108 109 On September 3 a tropical storm watch was issued for the Delmarva Peninsula This was upgraded to a warning a day later as Dorian s track became more apparent Maryland and Delaware On September 4 as Dorian s large size was expected to potentially bring tropical storm conditions to southern Maryland and Delaware in correspondence with the upgrading of the tropical storm watch in effect for the Delmarva to a warning a tropical storm watch was issued for areas south of Fenwick Island and areas of the Tidal Potomac River south of Cobb Island as well as areas south of Drum Point In Ocean City Maryland officials closed the seawall and removed items from the beach and boardwalk swimming restrictions were also put into place 110 111 In Rehoboth Beach Delaware swimming restrictions were also put into place while the portion of the weekend Sandcastle Contest to take place on September 6 was cancelled 111 Larry Hogan also authorized Maryland s Helicopter Aquatic Rescue Team to help with NC rescue 112 New England As Dorian was pulled to the northeast by a passing cold front the storm passed just 150 miles 240 km offshore of New England As a result of this near miss a tropical storm watch was issued on September 5 from Woods Hole to Sagamore Beach including Nantucket and Martha s Vineyard in Massachusetts It was upgraded to a warning later the same day On September 6 a tropical storm warning was issued for the northern coast of Maine from Bar Harbor to Eastport Elsewhere In Tennessee Bristol Motor Speedway opened one of their campgrounds free of charge to evacuees of Hurricane Dorian 113 Along the Jersey Shore in New Jersey officials in Margate City prepared sandbags in case of flooding from the storm while officials in Brigantine removed lifeguard stands and boats from the beach 114 In advance of Dorian Airbnb offered free housing to evacuees in Florida Georgia Alabama and the Carolinas valid from August 31 through September 16 115 AT amp T Verizon Sprint and T Mobile waived charges and or provided unlimited data to customers within affected states 116 The American Red Cross Utah Region deployed members to the Southeast U S 117 For days in advance of the storm experts at U S Geological Survey warned of the likelihood of rip currents and beach erosion along the Southeast U S shoreline 118 The organization deployed at least 150 storm tide sensors and 22 other instruments to track the hurricane s effects along the coast 119 Alabama controversy Main article Hurricane Dorian Alabama controversy See also False or misleading statements by Donald Trump Hurricane Dorian On September 1 President Donald Trump tweeted that multiple states including Alabama will most likely be hit much harder than anticipated 120 By that date no weather forecaster was predicting that Dorian would impact Alabama and the eight National Hurricane Center forecast updates over the preceding 24 hours showed Dorian steering well away from Alabama and moving up the Atlantic coast 121 122 Trump was apparently relying on information that was several days old 123 Twenty minutes later the Birmingham Alabama office of the National Weather Service NWS issued a tweet that appeared to contradict Trump saying that Alabama will NOT see any impacts from Dorian 124 Over the following days Trump insisted repeatedly that he had been right about the hurricane threatening Alabama 125 source source source source source source source source President Trump displays the altered map in a video published by the White House on September 4 2019 On September 4 in the Oval Office Trump displayed a modified version of the National Hurricane Center s August 29 diagram of Dorian s projected track The modification was done with a black Sharpie marker to extend the cone of uncertainty of the hurricane s possible path into southern Alabama 126 127 Trump said he did not know how the map came to be modified 128 The incident resulted in the hashtag Sharpiegate trending on Twitter 129 Later the same day Trump tweeted a map dated August 28 showing numerous projected paths of Dorian Trump falsely asserted almost all models showed Dorian hitting Alabama even though the map showed most predicted paths would not enter Alabama 121 130 On September 6 NOAA published an unsigned statement which supported Trump s initial claim that Alabama was a target of the storm and criticized the Birmingham NWS office for denying it 131 132 It was later revealed that NOAA had been ordered to issue such a statement by Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross 133 and that he had been told by Acting White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney to get NOAA to support Trump s original statement that Alabama was threatened 134 135 This direct White House involvement raised questions about political influence over NOAA and is under investigation by multiple agencies including NOAA s acting chief scientist the inspector general of the Commerce Department and the House of Representatives committee which oversees NOAA 133 136 137 Atlantic Canada As Dorian approached Atlantic Canada hurricane and tropical storm warnings were issued for Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland 138 On September 6 the Halifax Regional Municipality encouraged residents living along the eastern shores of Nova Scotia to evacuate citing expected high winds heavy rainfall and waves up to 15 m 49 ft in height 139 The Nova Scotia Emergency Management Office implored residents to secure easily dislodged objects to prevent high winds from turning them into projectiles drawing comparisons to Hurricane Juan in 2003 140 Nova Scotia Power set up an emergency operations center and mobilized 1 000 personnel including forestry crews damage assessors as well as power line technicians from adjacent provinces to prepare for Dorian s impacts 141 WestJet Air Canada and Porter Airlines issued travel advisories for the weekend and waived rebooking fees for flights to and from affected areas 142 ImpactsDeaths and damage by territory Territory Fatalities Missing Damage 2019 USD RefLesser Antilles 0 0 UnknownBahamas 74 245 3 4 billion 14 143 144 United States Puerto Rico 1 0 Unknown 145 Florida 6 0 1 2 billion 146 147 Georgia 0 0South Carolina 0 0North Carolina 3 0 148 Massachusetts 0 0Maine 0 0Canada 0 0 78 9 million 149 Totals 84 245 4 68 billionCaribbean Main article Effects of Hurricane Dorian in the Caribbean From August 26 to 29 Dorian produced damaging winds and heavy rain across the eastern Caribbean 14 In Barbados winds reached 55 mph 89 km h 150 downing trees and power lines 53 Isolated interruptions to power occurred on St Lucia no damage occurred otherwise in the nation 151 152 In Martinique heavy rains peaking at 102 mm 4 0 in in Riviere Pilote and winds up to 61 mph 98 km h caused some damage though overall damage was negligible 153 154 Heavy showers in Dominica left multiple communities without power and water 155 Rainfall extended north to Guadeloupe were accumulations reached 121 mm 4 8 in in Matouba 156 Striking the Virgin Islands as an intensifying hurricane Dorian brought strong winds and heavy rains to the region 19 Buck Island just south of Saint Thomas experienced sustained winds of 82 mph 132 km h and a peak gust of 111 mph 179 km h 157 Wind gusts on Saint Thomas reached 75 mph 121 km h 158 Island wide blackouts occurred on Saint Thomas and Saint John while 25 000 customers lost power on Saint Croix 19 159 The high winds downed trees across the islands 19 Along the coast multiple boats broke from their moorings and washed ashore 160 49 Some flooding occurred on Tortola in the British Virgin Islands 61 Downed trees knocked out power to some residences on Virgin Gorda 161 Because the hurricane moved farther northeast than initially anticipated its effects in Puerto Rico were relatively limited 19 A man in Bayamon died when he fell off his roof trying to clean drains in advance of the storm 145 Bahamas nbsp Hurricane Dorian s destruction in the Bahamas nbsp Animated greyscale satellite loop of 2019 s Hurricane Dorian from intensification to landfall nbsp Rainfall accumulation from Dorian nbsp Damage from Hope Town BahamasMain article Effects of Hurricane Dorian in The Bahamas Top 5 Costliest Bahamian hurricanes Rank Hurricane Season Damage Ref1 Dorian 2019 3 4 billion2 Sandy 2012 700 million3 Irma 2017 685 million4 Matthew 2016 580 million5 Michelle 2001 300 million5 Frances 2004 300 million 162 Increased tides were experienced in the Bahamas ahead of the storm with rip currents occurring as well On September 1 2019 hurricane conditions arrived in some of the Abaco Islands A few hours later destructive conditions arrived with Hurricane Dorian making landfall as a Category 5 hurricane at 16 40 UTC becoming the strongest hurricane in modern records to strike the northwestern Bahamas 163 Around 12 30 pm AST Category 5 winds arrived at the Bahamas with the eyewall Gusts of over 200 mph 320 km h also occurred Devastating storm surge of up to 23 feet swept away many buildings and submerged a large part of the affected areas 164 At 7 00 UTC on September 2 2019 Grand Bahama International Airport was underwater 165 Minister of Agriculture Michael Pintard reported an estimated storm tide of 20 to 25 ft 6 1 to 7 6 m at his home on Grand Bahama 166 The Bahamas prime minister Hubert Minnis said This is a deadly monster storm 167 Marsh Harbour received catastrophic damage according to an ABC News team 168 Over 75 of the homes had been damaged 169 Marsh Harbour International Airport s runway was underwater 170 there was significant flooding on streets and beaches damage to trees and with some home s roofs ripped off entirely 171 The scene was described by an ABC reporter as pure hell 168 An eight year old boy drowned in the storm surge while the boy s sister was also reported to be missing 172 173 Four other people along with the eight year old boy were confirmed dead on the Abaco Islands the prime minister told reporters on Monday 174 175 By Wednesday the death toll had been raised to twenty according to the prime minister 176 177 This soon increased to forty three by Saturday However a Bahamas newspaper suggested that the actual death toll could be over 3 000 178 The local animal shelters were hit hard by the storm with the Humane Society of Grand Bahama s experiencing stronger storm surges than expected Workers had attempted to help the animals before retreating to the attic crawl space but almost half of the 190 dogs in their care died in the flooding and some of the 85 cats died as well 179 The numbers of animals has varied with earlier reports claiming that there were 135 dogs and 155 cats in the shelters care with 80 cats and 90 dogs surviving 180 It is feared that the Bahama nuthatch may have been wiped out by Dorian as it caused catastrophic damage to the Bahamian pineyards 181 A 2020 post hurricane assessment by the IUCN Red List still entertains the probability of the species being extant although likely having a maximum population size of only 50 individuals and likely well below that and indicates that extensive surveys for the species will be needed to confirm its status 182 nbsp Marsh Harbour Airport in Dorian s aftermathThe International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC reported that as many as 13 000 homes were damaged or destroyed on Abaco Island Extensive flooding is also believed to have caused water wells to be contaminated with seawater creating an urgent need for clean water 183 Total damage in the country reached 3 4 billion Property damage accounted for 2 5 billion the nation suffered 717 million in economic losses and 221 million was required for debris removal and cleaning a large oil spill 143 Around 11 24 UTC on September 2 2019 total power was lost on the island of New Providence 184 the following day at 1 50 UTC 40 of power had been restored 185 Tropical storm conditions continued into Monday September 2 At 2 p m EDT a sustained wind of 56 mph 90 km h and a gust of 69 mph 110 km h at a NOAA Coastal Marine observing site at Settlement Point on the west end of Grand Bahama Island 186 On September 3 Prime Minister Hubert Minnis stated Our urgent task will be to provide food water shelter safety and security Additional food will be delivered by NEMA tomorrow He went on to say that Dorian was the greatest national crisis in our country s history 187 The United Nations projected that as of Saturday September 7 at least 70 000 people had been left homeless on Grand Bahama and the Abaco Islands 188 On Thursday September 12 over 1 300 people were missing or unaccounted for in the Bahamas a number which plummeted from 2 500 over the previous two weeks 189 On September 26 the number of people missing in the Bahamas dropped to 600 while the official death toll rose to 56 190 By February 2020 the death toll rose to 74 including 63 in Abaco and 11 in Grand Bahama with 282 people still reported as missing 144 Mainland United States The National Centers for Environmental Information estimated total damage in the United States to be in excess of 1 2 billion 147 191 Florida nbsp Dorian and Florida s east coast at night on September 2On September 2 Florida began experiencing tropical storm force winds At 18 00 UTC 2 p m EDT the pier in Juno Beach recorded a wind gust of 48 mph 75 km h 192 One death occurred in the central coast barrier island town of Indiatlantic when a man fell three stories while boarding up his home 193 During September 3 and 4 tropical storm force winds continued to move up the east coast of Florida with the storm s eye staying about 100 miles away from landfall 194 Many areas along the Atlantic coast reporting gusts of over tropical storm force especially at Cape Canaveral 195 At 8 am EDT on September 4 at St Augustine Beach a sustained wind of 46 miles per hour 74 km h and a gust of 59 miles per hour 95 km h was reported 196 In Jacksonville the city experienced tropical storm force winds on September 4 which blew around debris and knocked out power A lifeguard rescued a woman pulled out by a rip current in Jacksonville Beach while other swimmers were ordered out of the water 197 Hurricane Dorian also caused three indirect deaths in Florida A landscaper was electrocuted to death while trimming trees at a hotel in Naples while two other people died during preparations for storm 14 9 The Carolinas Main article Effects of Hurricane Dorian in the Carolinas See also List of United States tornadoes from September to October 2019 September 5 event A fatality occurred in North Carolina on September 2 when an 85 year old man fell off a ladder while boarding up his home and another was confirmed dead on September 6 a 65 year old man after he too fell off a ladder 198 148 On September 5 several tornadoes spawned by Dorian were sighted in Onslow County 199 At around 9 a m EST that day a tornado touched down in the town of Emerald Isle causing severe damage to a recreational vehicle park and some mobile homes 200 In total 25 tornadoes were spawned by Dorian in North Carolina 201 Flooding from the storm washed out a road in Sampson County 202 On the same day tropical storm force winds had arrived in South Carolina Dorian also produced some flooding especially in Charleston 203 Over 160 000 buildings lost power 204 Two confirmed tornadoes were spawned in South Carolina by Dorian 201 including a tornado that was reported in Little River that damaged trees roofing and lifted a car 199 At the same day another tornado was reported in Myrtle Beach 205 On the next day Dorian made landfall in Cape Hatteras North Carolina as a Category 2 storm 206 Several people on Ocracoke Island were trapped in their attics by flooding from the 4 to 7 foot 1 2 to 2 1 m storm surge requiring rescue by boats People were airlifted off the island to shelters on the mainland while food and water were brought in to residents on the island NC 12 along Ocracoke Island suffered damage from flooding 207 More than 190 000 people in North Carolina lost power from the storm 208 The National Park Service Incident Management Team also reported that wave erosion from Dorian reshaped parts of the barrier islands in the Outer Banks 209 High waves swept away a herd of cows from Cedar Island three cows survived after being carried 4 mi 6 4 km away to Core Banks 210 A third fatality occurred on September 7 when a man died from injuries sustained in a chainsaw accident while he was trying to clear a fallen tree 148 Elsewhere 55 aircraft from military installations in Virginia and the Carolinas were evacuated to Pensacola in order to avoid the hurricane 211 Waves from the hurricane caused erosion to the beaches in Delaware In Bethany Beach the waves narrowed the beaches and also damaged dune fencing 212 The Jersey Shore saw gusty winds and rough waves from the storm 213 The State of Alabama received no rainfall or wind effects from Hurricane Dorian during its track up the continental coast 214 More than 3 in 76 mm of rain fell in parts of Down East Maine Gusts reached 40 to 50 mph 64 to 80 km h in coastal areas of the state leaving hundreds of homes and businesses without power Acadia National Park closed Sand Beach and Thunder Hole as a precaution and warned people to keep their distance from the waves 215 Atlantic Canada nbsp Crane toppled by Dorian s hurricane force winds on September 7 in Halifax Nova ScotiaOn September 7 2019 at 5 p m EDT Nova Scotia started to experience hurricane force winds By 7 p m EDT the center of the storm passed over Halifax while tropical storm conditions were being felt in Prince Edward Island 216 By September 8 approximately 412 000 customers in Nova Scotia lost power accounting for approximately 80 percent of the province as well as 80 000 customers in New Brunswick 217 Flooding was reported roofs were torn off buildings and a crane collapsed onto a building being constructed 218 The collapse led to local evacuations for some residents and businesses 219 First responders evacuated 31 persons from a campground in Prince Edward Island early Sunday morning on September 7 as it was inundated by storm surge 220 Though Dorian was post tropical on arrival winds off the coast of Nova Scotia were estimated to reach 155 km h 96 mph equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane 221 Rainfall totals were highest in Mahone Bay Nova Scotia which received 161 mm 6 3 in of rain Various stations across Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island recorded rainfall amounts in excess of 130 mm 5 1 in 221 Several stations recorded winds higher than 130 km h 81 mph with the highest gusts recorded in Grand Etang Nova Scotia at 155 km h 96 mph 221 In the Cavendish area of Prince Edward Island National Park 80 percent of trees suffered damage from the high winds and storm surge caused 2 metres 6 6 ft of coastal erosion 222 Winds of 120 km h 75 mph also affected the Magdalen Islands of Quebec in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence 223 Seven thousand customers were without power there at one point representing nearly all customers on the islands On the night of September 7 a buoy off the coast of Newfoundland detected a 100 ft 30 m rogue wave which had been generated by Dorian s winds 224 Insurance damage across the region was estimated at C 105 million US 78 9 million 149 with power grid damage in Nova Scotia alone accounting for 39 million Canadian by Nova Scotia Power making it the costliest storm in Nova Scotia Power s history 225 Aftermath nbsp U S Customs and Border Protection agents deliver relief supplies to the Bahamas nbsp Grand Celebration helped transport evacuees from the Bahamas to Florida nbsp U S Customs agents examine documents for evacuees Bahamian prime minister Hubert Minnis praised the United States for assisting us with all of our needs President Donald Trump assured the Bahamian prime minister of help in relief efforts 226 In September 2019 President Donald Trump stated that his administration is planning to extend temporary protected status to immigrants from the hurricane hit Bahamas 227 There was confusion with the statement however with the acting Commissioner of US Customs and Border Protection Mark Morgan stating that the US would accept anyone on humanitarian reasons 228 Shortly after his statement Trump stated that no one would be allowed in without proper documentation claiming the Bahamas had some tremendous problems with people going to the Bahamas that weren t supposed to be there and the need to protect the US against gang members and drug dealers 229 The Bahamas Paradise Royal Caribbean Norwegian and Carnival cruise lines started sending water bottles and meals to the Bahamas The Grand Celebration offered to give a chance for evacuees to evacuate to Florida free of charge given they have the proper documentation 230 On September 7 the Grand Celebration helped bring more than 1 100 evacuees to Florida The company stated in a press release that the cruise line spent nearly a full day clearing potential evacuees including vetting their visa and passport documentation 231 The Royal Caribbean International also helped deliver more than 43 000 water bottles and 10 000 meals to the Bahamas 230 The United States branch of the Jehovah s Witnesses also participated in the relief efforts delivering 100 tons of relief supplies and 700 volunteer workers to the affected areas 232 The evacuation process was not without confusion as many evacuees who had boarded the Balearia Caribbean were not told until the vessel had almost departed that anyone traveling to the United States without a visa must disembark This caused many including families with children to disembark Blame for the confusion was placed on US Customs and Border Protection by the vessel who claimed to have been told that visa s were not necessary and on the vessel by the US Customs and Border Protection who stated the vessel did not coordinate properly 233 As the hurricane had damaged or destroyed a majority of the Humane Society of Grand Bahama and killed many of the animals in its care a GoFundMe was created in order to help renovate and aid the organization s locations Surviving animals were airlifted to the United States in order to disperse them to other shelters while the organization was stabilized 234 About 300 military personnel from the Canadian Armed Forces were deployed to the Halifax area to assist with recovery 235 Parks Canada estimated that 80 per cent of the trees in the western Cavendish segment of Prince Edward Island National Park were downed by the storm as well as causing 2 m 6 6 ft of coastal erosion 236 All public schools in Nova Scotia were closed on September 9 and 10 Public schools were closed across Prince Edward Island on the 9th and most re opened the next day News reports stated that the Bahama nuthatch has been wiped out by Dorian as it caused impact on the Bahamian pineyards 181 RecordsMost intense landfalling Atlantic hurricanesIntensity is measured solely by central pressureRank Hurricane Season Landfall pressure1 Labor Day nb 1 1935 892 mbar hPa 2 Camille 1969 900 mbar hPa Gilbert 19884 Dean 2007 905 mbar hPa 5 Cuba 1924 910 mbar hPa Dorian 20197 Janet 1955 914 mbar hPa Irma 20179 Cuba 1932 918 mbar hPa 10 Michael 2018 919 mbar hPa Sources HURDAT 11 AOML HRD 12 NHC 238 With sustained winds of 185 mph 295 km h Dorian is the strongest hurricane on record to strike the Bahamas since records began in 1851 239 163 Dorian is tied with the 1935 Labor Day hurricane for the highest sustained winds at landfall in an Atlantic hurricane 240 by the same metric it is also the strongest Atlantic hurricane since Wilma in 2005 By central pressure it was the fifth lowest pressure of a hurricane at landfall Dorian is one of only two Category 5 hurricanes to make landfall on the Abaco Islands the other having occurred in 1932 241 and is the only such storm on record to have impacted Grand Bahama 242 With Dorian 2019 became the fourth consecutive year to produce at least one Category 5 hurricane in the North Atlantic 243 nb 2 Additionally Dorian featured the highest sustained winds in an Atlantic hurricane recorded at latitude 26 6 N 244 and was the strongest Atlantic basin hurricane ever detected outside of the tropics surpassing Hurricane Irma 245 Dorian also tracked the least distance in a 24 hour period recorded for an Atlantic major hurricane since Hurricane Betsy in 1965 245 The storm impacted a single land area as a Category 5 hurricane for the longest duration recorded in the Atlantic basin with portions of Dorian s eyewall striking Great Abaco Island and Grand Bahama with Category 5 winds for about 22 hours 246 RetirementDue to the disastrous effects of Dorian particularly in the Bahamas the name was originally expected to be retired in the Spring of 2020 However the 2020 World Meteorological Organization meeting was online and shortened due to the COVID 19 pandemic which resulted in insufficient amount of time for discussing potential retirements and replacements of tropical cyclone names 247 248 During the following year s meeting Dorian was retired due to the damages and deaths it caused and will never be used again for another Atlantic hurricane It will be replaced with Dexter for the 2025 season 249 See also nbsp Tropical cyclones portal nbsp Caribbean portal nbsp United States portalList of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes List of Canada hurricanes Tropical cyclones in 2019 Timeline of the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season 1928 Okeechobee hurricane passed through the Lesser Antilles and the Bahamas as a major hurricane in September 1928 before curving northwards over Florida Hurricane Andrew 1992 took a similar track and struck the Bahamas and south Florida as a Category 5 hurricane Hurricane Floyd 1999 took a similar track and affected the Bahamas and the US East Coast Hurricane Joaquin 2015 A Category 4 hurricane that also stalled over The Bahamas Hurricane Matthew 2016 formed near Barbados and affected the Windward Islands Grand Bahama Florida and the Outer Banks in late September 2016 Hurricane Isaias 2020 affected similar areas Hurricane Nicole 2022 affected similar areasNotes Storms with quotations are officially unnamed Tropical storms and hurricanes were not named before the year 1950 237 The four year period of 2016 2019 broke the record for most consecutive years yielding at least one Category 5 storm 243 References Search for survivors of Hurricane Dorian continues in Bahamas The Guardian September 9 2019 Retrieved September 11 2019 The facts Hurricane Dorian s devastating effect on The Bahamas August 15 2020 Maria Torres August 19 2019 Tropical Weather Discussion Report National Hurricane Center Archived from the original txt on September 2 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 Andrew Hagen August 20 2019 Tropical Weather Discussion Report National Hurricane Center Archived from the original txt on September 2 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 John Beven August 23 2019 Tropical Weather Outlook Report National Hurricane Center Retrieved September 2 2019 Stacy Stewart August 24 2019 Tropical Depression Five Discussion Number 1 Report National Hurricane Center Retrieved September 2 2019 Stacy Stewart August 24 2019 Tropical Storm Dorian Discussion Number 2 National Hurricane Center Report National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on August 25 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 David Zelinsky August 25 2019 Tropical Storm Dorian Discussion Number 3 Report National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on September 2 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 John Beven August 25 2019 Tropical Storm Dorian Discussion Number 6 Report National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on September 2 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 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August 27 2019 Barbados escapes major impact from TS Dorian Barbados Today Archived from the original on August 29 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 a b Barbados reports no major issues from TS Dorian Barbados Today August 27 2019 Archived from the original on August 29 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 PM praised as homeless kept off streets for Dorian Barbados Today August 28 2019 Archived from the original on August 29 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 Saint Lucia PM Begs Citizens Not To Downplay Storm St Lucia Times August 26 2019 Archived from the original on August 29 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 Dominica sends home public workers as Tropical Storm Dorian approaches Nation News August 27 2019 Archived from the original on August 29 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 Puerto Rico National Guard activated by Governor pending Tropical Storm Dorian s path United States Army Puerto Rico National Guard August 28 2019 Archived from the original on August 29 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 a b Hassan Adeel August 26 2019 Tropical Storm Dorian Puerto Rico Braces for Possible Hurricane The New York Times Archived from the original on September 10 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 a b Gordon Amy Jackson Jhoni Hernandez Arelis R August 28 2019 A near miss for Puerto Rico as Dorian strengthens into a hurricane The Washington Post Archived from the original on August 28 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 Coto Danica August 28 2019 TS Dorian expected to strengthen could hit Puerto Rico NBC12 Archived from the original on August 31 2019 Retrieved August 31 2019 a b Update Dorian passes over VI Flooding in some areas of Tortola Virgin Island News Online August 28 2019 Archived from the original on August 29 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 Richard Tribou Tiffini Theisen Gray Rohrer September 1 2019 Hurricane Dorian pounding Bahamas still expected to come dangerously close to the Florida east coast Orlando Sentinel Archived from the original on September 1 2019 Retrieved September 1 2019 Fedschun Travis September 1 2019 Hurricane Dorian Category 5 storm makes landfall in Bahamas with 185 mph winds Fox News Archived from the original on September 1 2019 Retrieved September 1 2019 Andres Jose Poza Andrew Lizarraga J R September 1 2019 Hurricane Dorian makes landfall in the Bahamas as dangerous Category 5 storm 0 53 1 36 Los Angeles Times News report Archived from the original on September 3 2019 Retrieved September 3 2019 Governor Ron DeSantis Declares State of Emergency Urges Floridians to Prepare for Hurricane Dorian Government of Florida August 28 2019 Archived from the original on August 28 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 Fedschun Travis August 29 2019 Hurricane Dorian will be very big storm Trump says as Floridians prepare for potential Category 4 Fox News Archived from the original on August 29 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 Central Florida schools and colleges closing ahead of Dorian WESH August 29 2019 Archived from the original on August 29 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 Kolakowski Ryan August 29 2019 Hurricane Dorian prompts Florida State League to cancel rest of season Tampa Bay Times Archived from the original on August 30 2019 Retrieved August 30 2019 GCL cancels remainder of 2019 season milb com Gulf Coast League August 28 2019 Archived from the original on August 29 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 Kaur Harmeet August 29 2019 The FSU Boise State game is being moved to Tallahassee over Hurricane Dorian CNN Archived from the original on August 29 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 Healy John August 30 2019 How Hurricane Dorian is Impacting the Sports World Dallas KRLD FM Archived from the original on August 31 2019 Retrieved August 30 2019 Alabama National Guard to send up to 50 support personnel to Florida Fox 10 Archived from the original on August 31 2019 Retrieved August 31 2019 Pritchett Elizabeth August 30 2019 Gov Ivey approves Alabama National Guard to assist in Florida as Dorian nears WVTM 13 Archived from the original on August 31 2019 Retrieved August 31 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Retrieved September 1 2019 Basden Sydney August 30 2019 Gov Cooper declares state of emergency New Bern NC WCTI TV Archived from the original on August 31 2019 Retrieved August 30 2019 Charlotte Motor Speedway to open campgrounds for Hurricane Dorian evacuees Charlotte NC WJZY August 30 2019 Archived from the original on September 1 2019 Retrieved September 1 2019 Price Crystal September 3 2019 Northgate Mall set up as statewide shelter for Hurricane Dorian Goldsboro NC WNCN Archived from the original on September 4 2019 Retrieved September 4 2019 UNCW Cancels Classes Issues Mandatory Evacuation Wilmington NC WWAY September 2 2019 Archived from the original on September 2 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 Hurricane Dorian Evacuations closings shelters hotlines and more Port City Daily September 2 2019 Archived from the original on September 3 2019 Retrieved September 3 2019 Kane Dan September 4 2019 Dorian halts early voting in some NC counties for special Congressional elections 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Dorian 13 News Archived from the original on September 7 2019 Retrieved September 5 2019 a b Billion Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters National Centers for Environmental Information 2019 Retrieved October 9 2019 a b c Number of hurricane related deaths in NC rises to 3 governor says The Charlotte Observer September 9 2019 Retrieved September 11 2019 a b Dorian caused more than 100 million damage in Atlantic Canada The Telegram October 4 2019 Retrieved October 5 2019 Tropical Storm Dorian could become Atlantic season s first hurricane when it nears Puerto Rico CBS News August 25 2019 Archived from the original on August 26 2019 Retrieved August 25 2019 NEMO No Major Damage From Passage Of Dorian St Lucia Times August 27 2019 Archived from the original on August 29 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 LUCELEC Update on Tropical Storm Dorian St Lucia Times August 27 2019 Archived from the original on August 29 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 Cyrille Duchesne August 28 2019 Tempete tropicale 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the original on August 28 2019 Retrieved September 1 2019 Hurricane Updates Dorian Over Grand Bahama After Devastating Abaco The Tribune September 2 2019 Archived from the original on September 14 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 Gianluca Mezzofiore September 2 2019 Footage shows extensive flooding this house in the Bahamas CNN Archived from the original on September 7 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 Brown Krystel September 1 2019 PM This is the worst day of my life The Nassau Guardian Archived from the original on September 2 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 a b Wnek Samatha September 1 2019 Pure hell Hurricane Dorian now Category 5 storm makes landfall in northwest Bahamas ABC News Archived from the original on September 1 2019 Retrieved September 1 2019 Connelly Eileen November 16 2019 Damaged caused by Hurricane Dorian totals 3 4B in the Bahamas New York Post Retrieved December 7 2019 Hurricane Dorian Updates Seven Fatalities Confirmed More Deaths Expected The Tribune September 4 2019 Archived from the original on September 3 2019 Retrieved September 4 2019 Masters Jeff September 1 2019 Historic Catastrophic Hurricane Dorian Pounding The Bahamas With 185 mph Winds Weather Underground Archived from the original on September 1 2019 Retrieved September 1 2019 McCluskey Mitchell de Moura Helena September 2019 BREAKING First reported death from Dorian as 8 year old boy drowns CNN Archived from the original on September 2 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 Christian Bonnie Gardner David Moore Bridger Benedict September 2 2019 Hurricane Dorian Eight year old boy becomes first confirmed death as storm batters Bahamas Evening Standard UK Archived from the original on September 2 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 Faiola Anthony At least 5 dead in Hurricane Dorian s catastrophic assault on the Bahamas The Washington Post Archived from the original on September 3 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 Tawfeeq Mohammed September 2019 Five dead on Abaco Islands from Hurricane Dorian CNN Archived from the original on September 2 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 Faiola Anthony Sacchetti Maria Ward Jasper Bahamas lifts Hurricane Dorian storm warnings assesses catastrophic destruction as death toll rises to 20 The Washington Post Archived from the original on September 4 2019 Retrieved September 4 2019 Death toll in the Bahamas rises to 20 Washington Post reports CNN September 4 2019 Archived from the original on September 4 2019 Retrieved September 4 2019 Ron Brackett Jan Wesner Childs September 9 2019 In the Bahamas Official Hurricane Dorian Death Toll Rises to 45 But Newspaper Says It s in the Thousands weather com The Weather Company Archived from the original on September 10 2019 Retrieved September 10 2019 Knowles Hannah September 9 2019 Bahamas shelter staff listened as dogs howled amid Dorian floods then went silent The Washington Post Archived from the original on September 10 2019 Retrieved September 10 2019 Fieldstadt Elisha September 9 2019 More than 100 cats and dogs at one Bahamas shelter died during Hurricane Dorian NBC News Archived from the original on September 11 2019 Retrieved September 10 2019 a b Hurricane Dorian May Have Caused a Critically Endangered Bird to Go Extinct Earther September 4 2019 Retrieved November 7 2019 International BirdLife International BirdLife August 27 2020 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Sitta insularis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Retrieved March 11 2021 Bahamas Shelter and clean water priorities in wake of catastrophic hurricane International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Archived from the original on September 2 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 New Providence Island wide blackout after reports of hurricane warning being lifted Devdiscourse Archived from the original on September 6 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 Hurricane Dorian Updates Five Deaths Confirmed In Abaco The Tribune September 2 2019 Archived from the original on September 2 2019 Retrieved September 3 2019 Hurricane Dorian Public Advisory nhc noaa gov Archived from the original on September 2 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 Humayun Hira Ehlinger Maija Liisa September 2019 Bahamas PM Dorian the greatest national crisis in our country s history CNN Archived from the original on September 4 2019 Retrieved September 4 2019 Blackwell Victor Newton Paula Maxouris Christina September 7 2019 The Bahamas death toll is rising as 70 000 residents left homeless by Hurricane Dorian seek food and shelter CNN Archived from the original on September 7 2019 Retrieved September 7 2019 Karimi Faith Thornton Chandler September 12 2019 1 300 people are listed as missing nearly 2 weeks after Hurricane Dorian hit the Bahamas CNN Archived from the original on September 12 2019 Retrieved September 13 2019 Jan Wesner Childs September 26 2019 Hurricane Dorian Death Toll Rises to 56 in Bahamas 600 Still Missing The Weather Company Retrieved September 28 2019 Global Catastrophe Recap September 2019 PDF Aon Benfield Archived from the original PDF on October 10 2019 Retrieved October 10 2019 Daniel P Brown September 2 2019 Hurricane Dorian Intermediate Advisory Number 37A National Hurricane Center Archived from the original on September 14 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 J D Gallop September 2 2019 Hurricane Dorian Florida man dies after fall while putting up plywood for storm Florida Today Archived from the original on September 3 2019 Retrieved September 3 2019 Dorian is 110 miles away from West Palm Beach CNN September 3 2019 Retrieved September 9 2019 SE Windyty Windy as forecasted Windy com Archived from the original on August 8 2019 Retrieved September 4 2019 Hurricane Dorian Public Advisory nhc noaa gov Archived from the original on September 4 2019 Retrieved September 4 2019 Mazzei Patricia Bogel Burroughs Nicholas September 4 2019 Hurricane Dorian Brings Surge Threat From Florida to Carolinas Live Updates The New York Times Archived from the original on September 4 2019 Retrieved September 4 2019 2 dead in North Carolina from Hurricane Dorian Reuters Video September 7 2019 Archived from the original on September 9 2019 Retrieved September 8 2019 a b Rice Doyle September 5 2019 Hurricane Dorian is cranking up tornadoes along the South Carolina and North Carolina coasts USA Today Archived from the original on September 5 2019 Retrieved September 5 2019 Griffith Janelle September 5 2019 Hurricane Dorian spawns damaging waterspout tornado in North Carolina beach town NBC News NBCUniversal Archived from the original on September 10 2019 Retrieved September 8 2019 a b Hurricane Dorian Tropical Cyclone Report NHC PDF nhc noaa gov Retrieved April 29 2020 Dorian washes out Sampson County road crippling community Durham NC WTVD September 6 2019 Archived from the original on September 7 2019 Retrieved September 6 2019 Hurricane Dorian begins to flood downtown Charleston CNN September 5 2019 Archived from the original on September 5 2019 Retrieved September 5 2019 More than 160 000 power outages reported across SC as Dorian nears the coast postandcourier com Archived from the original on September 5 2019 Retrieved September 5 2019 2 tornadoes confirmed in South Carolina during Hurricane Dorian WYFF4 Archived from the original on September 14 2019 Hurricane Dorian makes landfall over Cape Hatteras North Carolina CBS News Archived from the original on September 6 2019 Retrieved September 6 2019 Hundreds feared to be trapped in catastrophic flooding on Ocracoke Island Durham NC WTVD September 6 2019 Archived from the original on September 7 2019 Retrieved September 6 2019 More than 190 000 without power in North Carolina as Hurricane Dorian moves through Durham NC WTVD September 6 2019 Archived from the original on September 7 2019 Retrieved September 6 2019 Hayley Fowler September 10 2019 Hurricane Dorian reshaped part of the Outer Banks shoreline Park Service says The Charlotte Observer Retrieved September 10 2019 Alisha Ebrahimji November 14 2019 Cows swept away by floodwaters during Hurricane Dorian were found alive four miles away on an island Retrieved November 16 2019 Virginia Carolinas evacuate military aircraft to Pensacola to avoid Hurricane Dorian Pensacola News Journal September 5 2019 Retrieved October 21 2020 Overturf Madeleine September 9 2019 Beach Erosion After Hurricane Dorian Salisbury MD WBOC TV Archived from the original on September 15 2019 Retrieved September 9 2019 Scott Katherine Hartman Trish September 6 2019 Dorian creates gusty winds rough surf along Jersey shore Philadelphia PA WPVI TV Archived from the original on September 9 2019 Retrieved September 9 2019 NWS Alabama Rainfall Plot Archived from the original on April 25 2019 Retrieved September 10 2019 Down East Maine Lashed by Rain Wind as Dorian Passes Offshore Associated Press October 7 2019 Retrieved January 13 2021 Lao David Shah Maryam IN PHOTOS Hurricane Dorian arrives in Atlantic Canada Global News Archived from the original on September 7 2019 Retrieved September 7 2019 Quon Alexander September 8 2019 New Brunswick picks up the pieces after Hurricane Dorian globalnews ca Archived from the original on September 11 2019 Patil Anjuli September 7 2019 About 80 of Nova Scotia without power after Dorian slams Atlantic Canada cbc ca Archived from the original on September 8 2019 Residents near toppled crane ordered to evacuate Halifax homes ctv ca September 9 2019 Juric Sam September 10 2019 Rescuers evacuate 31 people from flooded trailers at P E I campground cbc ca Archived from the original on September 10 2019 a b c Snoddon Ryan September 8 2019 How does Dorian compare to 2003 s Hurricane Juan cbc ca Archived from the original on September 11 2019 Dorian takes out 80 of trees in Cavendish area of P E I National Park Parks Canada says CBC News September 10 2019 Archived from the original on September 11 2019 Retrieved September 11 2019 MacDonald Michael Tutton Michael September 8 2019 Beast of a storm Dorian knocks out power to much of the Maritimes ctv ca Archived from the original on September 10 2019 Matthew Cappucci September 9 2019 Hurricane Dorian probably whipped up a 100 foot rogue wave near Newfoundland The Washington Post Archived from the original on September 10 2019 Retrieved September 10 2019 Inc Pelmorex Weather Networks November 28 2019 Nova Scotia Power says Dorian was its most damaging storm ever theweathernetwork com Retrieved November 28 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a last has generic name help Trump touts support for Bahamas as crews scramble to rescue survivors The Hill September 7 2019 Archived from the original on September 7 2019 Retrieved September 7 2019 Trump says U S may extend protected status for Bahamas immigrants Reuters September 9 2019 Archived from the original on September 13 2019 Retrieved September 10 2019 Ways To Support The Bahamas After Hurricane Dorian Jupiter Magazine Archived from the original on November 8 2019 Retrieved November 8 2019 Hutichinson Bill September 9 2019 We have to be very careful Trump warns of gangs entering US from Bahamas ABC News Archived from the original on September 10 2019 Retrieved September 10 2019 a b Johnson Lauren September 7 2019 A cruise line is offering free evacuations to those on Grand Bahama Island CNN Archived from the original on September 8 2019 Retrieved September 8 2019 Cruise ship brings 1 100 Bahamas evacuees to South Florida FOX 13 September 8 2019 Retrieved September 8 2019 Hurricane Dorian Relief Work JW org Maxouris Christina Levenson Eric Vera Amir September 10 2019 Ferry operator apologizes after dozens of Bahamian evacuees were told to get off a ferry headed to the US CNN Archived from the original on September 11 2019 Retrieved September 10 2019 Bacon John September 10 2019 More than 90 dogs cats died in Bahamas shelter overwhelmed by Hurricane Dorian USA Today Archived from the original on September 10 2019 Retrieved September 10 2019 Prentiss Mairin September 8 2019 Recovery begins across Maritimes after Hurricane Dorian lashes region cbc ca Archived from the original on September 9 2019 Dorian takes out 80 of trees in Cavendish area of P E I National Park Parks Canada says cbc ca September 10 2019 Archived from the original on September 11 2019 Landsea Christopher Dorst Neal June 1 2014 Subject Tropical Cyclone Names B1 How are tropical cyclones named Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Question United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration s Hurricane Research Division Archived from the original on March 29 2015 Franklin James January 31 2008 Hurricane Dean PDF Report National Hurricane Center Retrieved November 21 2023 Klotzbach Philip philklotzbach September 2 2019 Hurricane Dorian was the strongest hurricane on record to make landfall anywhere in the Bahamas when it made landfall with 185 mph winds on the Abacos earlier today Hurricane Andrew 1992 was prior record holder with 160 mph winds Tweet Retrieved September 2 2019 via Twitter Freedman Andrew Samenow Jason Historic Hurricane Dorian unleashing catastrophic blow in northern Bahamas hurricane warnings posted for Florida s east coast Washington Post Archived from the original on September 1 2019 Retrieved September 1 2019 Digital Writers September 2 2019 Catastrophic Hurricane Dorian could come dangerously close to Florida MSN Archived from the original on September 2 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 Klotzbach Philip philklotzbach September 2 2019 Hurricane Dorian has made landfall on Grand Bahama Island as a Category 5 hurricane It is the first Category 5 hurricane on record to make landfall on Grand Bahama Island Tweet Retrieved September 2 2019 via Twitter a b Hurricane Dorian Becomes the 5th Atlantic Category 5 in 4 Years The Weather Channel Archived from the original on September 1 2019 Retrieved September 1 2019 Klotzbach Philip philklotzbach September 2 2019 Hurricane Dorian s current maximum wind speed of 185 mph is the strongest for any hurricane this far north 26 6 N in the Atlantic on record Prior record north of Dorian s current position was 175 mph by Carla 1961 and Camille 1969 Tweet Retrieved September 2 2019 via Twitter a b Klotzbach Philip September 5 2019 Hurricane Dorian Meteorological Records PDF tropical colostate edu Colorado State University Archived from the original PDF on September 4 2019 Retrieved September 5 2019 Rice Doyle September 7 2019 Dorian s legacy The slowest strongest hurricane to ever hit the Bahamas USA Today Archived from the original on September 9 2019 Retrieved September 10 2019 Uliano Danielle April 20 2020 Dorian not retired as a hurricane name yet News4Jax Retrieved September 10 2020 Miller Kimberly April 7 2020 Coronavirus Florida Why Dorian won t be retired as a hurricane name this year The Palm Beach Post Retrieved September 10 2020 World Meteorological Organization March 17 2021 WMO Hurricane Committee retires tropical cyclone names and ends the use of Greek alphabet Retrieved March 17 2021 External links nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Dorian nbsp Wikinews has related news Hurricane Dorian strengthens to Category 5 makes landfall in the Bahamas The National Hurricane Center Archived 5 day Forecasts Track and Watch Warnings Graphic Advisory archive on Hurricane Dorian Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hurricane Dorian amp oldid 1181920063, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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