Catholic Church in Tonowas island, Chuuk (from a book published in 1932)
Chuuk was first settled by Austronesians, believed to be from the Lapita culture of Island Melanesia.[2] Archaeological evidence indicates that islands of Feefen and Wééné Islands had human settlements in the first and second century BCE. Later evidence indicates that widespread human settlements appeared in Chuuk during the 14th century CE, as the Chuukese culture was formed.[3]
Spanish colonizationedit
The first sighting recorded by Europeans was made by the Spanish navigator Alvaro de Saavedra[4][5] on board the Florida during August or September 1528. They were later visited by the Spaniard Alonso de Arellano[6][7] on 15 January, 1565 on board the galleon patache San Lucas.
As part of the Caroline Islands,[8] Truk was claimed by the Spanish Empire, which struggled to control the islands in the late 19th century. The Chuuk Lagoon was then inhabited by Chuukese people (an Austronesian group) that participated in intermittent wars, as well as a small population of foreign merchants and missionaries, mostly linked to the Catholic Church. Spanish control over the islands was in part nominal. The Spanish stopped to raise a flag over Chuuk in 1886, and returned in 1895 as part of an attempt to assert control and negotiate peace between the tribes of Chuuk. No major Spanish settlement was established and traditional life continued until the German colonial era.
German and Japanese ruleedit
The Caroline Islands were sold to the German Empire in 1899,[9] after Spain withdrew from the Pacific after the Spanish–American War in which it lost its main colony in Asia, the Philippines. Germany incorporated the territory into its domain in the German New Guinea.[10]
During World War I, the Imperial Japanese navy was tasked with pursuing and destroying the German East Asian squadron and protecting the shipping lanes of Allied trade in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the course of this operation, the Japanese Navy seized German possessions in the Mariana Islands, the Carolinas, the Marshall Islands and Palau groups by October 1914. Chuuk then became a possession of the Empire of Japan under the mandate of the League of Nations after the defeat of Germany in World War I.
Attack on the Japanese naval base on Dublon Island, current state of Chuuk
United States ruleedit
Chuuk was one of six districts of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) which were administered by the United States under charter from the United Nations from the end of the Second World War to the mid-1980s. The termination of U.S. administration of the Chuuk, Yap, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Mariana Islands districts of the TTPI occurred on 3 November 1986.
As of recent times, Chuuk has been pushing harder for independence. An independence referendum was originally scheduled to coincide with federal elections on 3 March 2015, but was pushed back to 5 March 2019. The independence referendum was further pushed back to March 2022, with a date to be announced, while the constitutional legality of the proposed secession is determined.[11]
The main population center of Chuuk State is the Chuuk Lagoon, a large archipelago with mountainous islands surrounded by a string of islets on a barrier reef.[citation needed] The two major geographical and dialectic divisions of the Chuuk Lagoon are Faichuuk, the western islands, and Namoneas, the eastern islands.
Chuuk State also includes several more sparsely populated "outer island" groups, including the Mortlock Islands to the southeast, the Hall Islands (Pafeng) to the north, Namonuito Atoll to the northwest, and the Pattiw Region to west. The Pattiw Region is of particular interest in that it has some of the most traditional islands in the Pacific and is culturally related to outer islands of Yap. This group includes the islands of Pollap, Tamatam, Poluwat, and Houk. There are still traditional master navigators—Poluwat and Pollap are considered to have some of the best navigators and ocean-going outrigger canoes in the Pacific. In the islands of the Pattiw Region, and some of the Islands of Yap, are the last two remaining schools of navigation, Weriyeng and Faaluush. Visiting the Pattiw Region in the west, however, is difficult due to the lack of reliable transportation. Houk probably has the most accessible airstrip in the Pattiw Region, with planes landing every one or two weeks.
The state shares its longitude with Sydney, Australia, namely the eastern portion of the city including the CBD.
On 2 July 2002, heavy rains from Tropical Storm Chataan caused more than thirty landslides that killed forty-seven people and injured dozens of others, in the state's deadliest weather disaster. The landslides occurred throughout the day, some within just minutes of each other.
Demographicsedit
Chuuk is the most populous of the FSM's states. At the census held on 1 April 2000, it had 53,595 inhabitants, compared with 34,486 for Pohnpei, 11,241 for Yap and 7,686 for Kosrae; at the census held on 4 April 2010, it had 48,654 inhabitants, compared with 36,196 for Pohnpei, 11,377 for Yap and 6,616 for Kosrae.[14]
Religionedit
The majority of the state's population is affiliated with Christianity as a result of the activity of missionary groups first from Spain and then from Germany and the United States. Catholicism was introduced during the Spanish colonization period, followed by the arrival of various Protestant groups. The main religious building in the state is the Immaculate Heart of Mary Cathedral[15] in Tunnuk, Weno, which is under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of the Caroline Islands (Diocese Carolinensium) suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of Agaña in Guam. Other churches in the state include Sacred Heart Church on Lekinioch Island, Christ the King Church in Neiwe, Houk Catholic Church, Holy Family Church in Weno, St. Ignatius Church[16] in Fonoton, among others.
The New York Province of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) maintains a mission school on the island of Weno in Chuuk. Xavier High School is housed at the former Japanese communications center. It is a coeducational institution, drawing students from all the island groups of the Federated States of Micronesia, as well as Palau and the Marshall Islands. Teachers are both Jesuit and lay and come from Micronesia, the U.S., Indonesia, Japan, and Australia.[citation needed]
Spirit possessionedit
Although Chuuk is an overwhelmingly Christian society, traditional beliefs in spirit possession by the dead still exist. Allegedly, these spirits overwhelmingly possess women, and spirit possession is usually brought on by family conflicts. The spirits, speaking through the women, typically admonish family members to treat each other better.[17]
The State of Chuuk is one of the four federal states of the Federated States of Micronesia. As a democraticfederation, each state has the ability to retain large number of power within the state as well as a certain level of sovereignty typical of federal states. The chief executive of Chuuk is the governor. Chuuk has a bicameral legislature. [19]
Chuuk State received the largest number of visitors of any of the Federated States of Micronesia. However, tourism is relatively under-developed. In the FSM's Development Plan for Chuuk, published in 2016, factors which disadvantaged the development of tourism in Chuuk included a lack of infrastructure, in particular irregular ferries between islands and a lack of regular electricity supplies on all islands apart from Weno. The report recognized that it is primarily Chuuk's underwater assets that would bring tourism, including its marine diversity and the Second World War shipwrecks around the coast.[22] Where tourism does exist, it is reliant on the diving industry, which was established in the islands by Kimiuo Aisek.[23] A legacy of his work to make Chuuk a dive destination was the establishment of the Kimiuo Aisek Memorial Museum.[24]
The American attacks on the Japanese fleet in 1944 were such that today Truk lagoon is the largest underwater military cemetery in the world (60 ships and 400 aircraft scattered over several kilometers), which attracts divers from all over the world. The diving conditions are very good (visibility 15-40 meters, variations in depth, minor currents, 700 varieties of fish, generous coral). However, this source of income is jeopardized by preservation issues, from rapidly disintegrating carcasses to dynamite fishing that rapidly destroys whole sections of the graveyard.[25]
Japanese tank on the Nippo Maru. Sunk during World War II.
See alsoedit
Chuuk Women's Council, a non-governmental women's rights organization based in Weno.
Habele, a South Carolina-based charity providing private economic educational assistance in Chuuk.
Chuukese independence referendum, a vote for Chuuk to become independent from Micronesia, which is due to take place in 2022 and has been delayed 3 times.
Referencesedit
^Chappell, David A. (12 March 1997). Double Ghosts: Oceanian Voyagers on Euroamerican Ships. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN978-0-7656-3695-9.
^Bellwood, Peter (1991). "The Austronesian Dispersal and the Origin of Languages". Scientific American. 265 (1): 88–93. Bibcode:1991SciAm.265a..88B. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0791-88. JSTOR 24936983.
^Goodenough, Ward Hunt (1 January 2002). Under Heaven's Brow: Pre-Christian Religious Tradition in Chuuk. American Philosophical Society. pp. 17–18. ISBN978-0-87169-246-7.
^Hinz, Earl R.; Howard, Jim (30 April 2006). Landfalls of Paradise: Cruising Guide to the Pacific Islands. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN978-0-8248-3037-3.
^Micronesia: A Guide Through the Centuries. Close Up Foundation. 2000. ISBN978-0-932765-94-9.
^Hanlon, David L. (30 April 2014). Making Micronesia: A Political Biography of Tosiwo Nakayama. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN978-0-8248-3847-8.
^Rainbird, Paul (3 June 2004). The Archaeology of Micronesia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-65630-6.
^Europa (2002). The Europa World Year Book 2002. Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN978-1-85743-129-2.
^Fischer, Steven Roger (3 March 2015). Oceanic Voices - European Quills: The Early Documents on and in Chamorro and Rapanui. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN978-3-05-006411-6.
^Rainbird, Paul (3 June 2004). The Archaeology of Micronesia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-65630-6.
^Graue, Catherine (5 March 2019). "Chuuk independence vote was to be today but citizens now have another year". ABC Radio Australia. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
^. Hong Kong Observatory. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
^Office of Statistics, Budget and Economic Management, Overseas Development Assistance and Compact Management.
^"Immaculate Heart of Mary Cathedral". GCatholic. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
^"Saint Ignatius Catholic Church church, Chuuk, Micronesia". fm.geoview.info. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
^Hezel, Francis X. 1993 Spirit Possession in Chuuk: Socio-Cultural Interpretation. Micronesian Counselor 11
^. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
^"Chuuk State - Legal Information System of the Federated States of Micronesia". fsmlaw.org.
^ abc"School location 29 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine." Chuuk State Department of Education. Retrieved on 28 February 2018.
^ abc"Higher Education in the Federated States of Micronesia 2017-10-14 at the Wayback Machine." Embassy of the Federated States of Micronesia Washington DC. Retrieved on 23 February 2018.
^Chuuk State Regional Development Plan. Chuck State Economic Development Commission. 2016.
^"Kimio Aisek - Submerged". Retrieved 14 May 2021.
^Post, Dianne Strong | Special to The Guam Daily. "Internationally known, Chuukese-owned dive shop going strong past 45 years". The Guam Daily Post. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
^à 13h58, Par Ludivine Trichot Le 17 juillet 2017 (17 July 2017). "Le plus grand cimetière sous marin du monde en Micronésie". leparisien.fr (in French). Retrieved 13 September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
External linksedit
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Chuuk.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chuuk.
Chuuk (Truk) Visitors Center
NOAA's National Weather Service – Chuuk, FSM
Chuuk State Government System
Chuuk State Strategic Development Plan 2018 to 2023
February 16, 2024
chuuk, state, other, uses, chuuk, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, . For other uses see Chuuk disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Chuuk State news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Chuuk State ˈ tʃ uː k also known as Truk 1 is one of the four states of the Federated States of Micronesia FSM The other states are Kosrae State Pohnpei State and Yap State It consists of several island groups Namoneas Faichuuk the Hall Islands Namonuito Atoll Magur Islands Pattiw Western Islands and the Mortlock Islands Chuuk is by far the FSM s most populous state with 50 000 inhabitants on 120 square kilometers 46 square miles Chuuk Lagoon is where most people live Weno island in the lagoon is Chuuk s state capital and the country s biggest city It may hold a referendum on independence in the near future although this referendum has been repeatedly postponed Chuuk StateStateFlagMap of Chuuk StateCoordinates 7 25 N 151 47 E 7 417 N 151 783 E 7 417 151 783CountryFederated States of MicronesiaCapitalWenoGovernment GovernorAlexander R Narruhn since 2021 Area Total121 5 km2 46 9 sq mi Population 2010 Total48 654 Density400 km2 1 000 sq mi Time zoneUTC 10ISO 3166 codeFM TRKWebsitewww wbr fm wbr chuuk wbr htmChuukese kids eating candy Contents 1 History 1 1 Indigenous settlement 1 2 Spanish colonization 1 3 German and Japanese rule 1 4 United States rule 1 5 Independence 2 Geography 2 1 Climate 2 2 Typhoon Chataan 3 Demographics 3 1 Religion 3 2 Language 4 Culture 4 1 Jesuit mission at Weno 4 2 Spirit possession 4 3 Cultural references 5 Municipalities 6 Politics and government 7 Education 8 Tourism 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksHistory editIndigenous settlement edit nbsp Catholic Church in Tonowas island Chuuk from a book published in 1932 Chuuk was first settled by Austronesians believed to be from the Lapita culture of Island Melanesia 2 Archaeological evidence indicates that islands of Feefen and Weene Islands had human settlements in the first and second century BCE Later evidence indicates that widespread human settlements appeared in Chuuk during the 14th century CE as the Chuukese culture was formed 3 Spanish colonization edit The first sighting recorded by Europeans was made by the Spanish navigator Alvaro de Saavedra 4 5 on board the Florida during August or September 1528 They were later visited by the Spaniard Alonso de Arellano 6 7 on 15 January 1565 on board the galleon patache San Lucas As part of the Caroline Islands 8 Truk was claimed by the Spanish Empire which struggled to control the islands in the late 19th century The Chuuk Lagoon was then inhabited by Chuukese people an Austronesian group that participated in intermittent wars as well as a small population of foreign merchants and missionaries mostly linked to the Catholic Church Spanish control over the islands was in part nominal The Spanish stopped to raise a flag over Chuuk in 1886 and returned in 1895 as part of an attempt to assert control and negotiate peace between the tribes of Chuuk No major Spanish settlement was established and traditional life continued until the German colonial era German and Japanese rule edit The Caroline Islands were sold to the German Empire in 1899 9 after Spain withdrew from the Pacific after the Spanish American War in which it lost its main colony in Asia the Philippines Germany incorporated the territory into its domain in the German New Guinea 10 During World War I the Imperial Japanese navy was tasked with pursuing and destroying the German East Asian squadron and protecting the shipping lanes of Allied trade in the Pacific and Indian Oceans During the course of this operation the Japanese Navy seized German possessions in the Mariana Islands the Carolinas the Marshall Islands and Palau groups by October 1914 Chuuk then became a possession of the Empire of Japan under the mandate of the League of Nations after the defeat of Germany in World War I nbsp Attack on the Japanese naval base on Dublon Island current state of ChuukUnited States rule edit Chuuk was one of six districts of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands TTPI which were administered by the United States under charter from the United Nations from the end of the Second World War to the mid 1980s The termination of U S administration of the Chuuk Yap Kosrae Pohnpei and Mariana Islands districts of the TTPI occurred on 3 November 1986 Independence edit The Federated States of Micronesia including Chuuk Yap Kosrae and Pohnpei was established in 1979 and signed a Compact of Free Association with the U S effective 3 November 1986 As of recent times Chuuk has been pushing harder for independence An independence referendum was originally scheduled to coincide with federal elections on 3 March 2015 but was pushed back to 5 March 2019 The independence referendum was further pushed back to March 2022 with a date to be announced while the constitutional legality of the proposed secession is determined 11 Geography edit nbsp Weno island Chuuk nbsp Jeep island Chuuk StateTo the west is Yap State To the east are Pohnpei State and Kosrae State is further east The main population center of Chuuk State is the Chuuk Lagoon a large archipelago with mountainous islands surrounded by a string of islets on a barrier reef citation needed The two major geographical and dialectic divisions of the Chuuk Lagoon are Faichuuk the western islands and Namoneas the eastern islands Chuuk State also includes several more sparsely populated outer island groups including the Mortlock Islands to the southeast the Hall Islands Pafeng to the north Namonuito Atoll to the northwest and the Pattiw Region to west The Pattiw Region is of particular interest in that it has some of the most traditional islands in the Pacific and is culturally related to outer islands of Yap This group includes the islands of Pollap Tamatam Poluwat and Houk There are still traditional master navigators Poluwat and Pollap are considered to have some of the best navigators and ocean going outrigger canoes in the Pacific In the islands of the Pattiw Region and some of the Islands of Yap are the last two remaining schools of navigation Weriyeng and Faaluush Visiting the Pattiw Region in the west however is difficult due to the lack of reliable transportation Houk probably has the most accessible airstrip in the Pattiw Region with planes landing every one or two weeks The state shares its longitude with Sydney Australia namely the eastern portion of the city including the CBD Climate edit Climate data for Weno ChuukMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 33 91 32 90 32 90 33 92 33 91 33 92 33 92 33 92 34 93 33 92 33 91 33 91 34 93 Mean daily maximum C F 29 9 85 8 29 9 85 8 30 2 86 4 30 4 86 7 30 7 87 3 30 7 87 3 30 6 87 1 30 7 87 3 30 7 87 3 30 7 87 3 30 7 87 3 30 2 86 4 30 4 86 7 Daily mean C F 27 4 81 3 27 5 81 5 27 6 81 7 27 7 81 9 27 8 82 0 27 7 81 9 27 4 81 3 27 4 81 3 27 5 81 5 27 6 81 7 27 7 81 9 27 6 81 7 27 6 81 7 Mean daily minimum C F 24 9 76 8 25 0 77 0 25 1 77 2 25 0 77 0 24 9 76 8 24 6 76 3 24 2 75 6 24 2 75 6 24 2 75 6 24 3 75 7 24 6 76 3 25 0 77 0 24 7 76 5 Record low C F 21 69 21 70 22 71 22 71 21 70 21 70 21 70 21 70 20 68 19 66 21 70 21 70 19 66 Average precipitation mm inches 228 8 98 163 6 42 230 9 05 291 11 46 354 13 94 301 11 84 365 14 37 350 13 77 307 12 07 361 14 23 282 11 10 293 11 55 3 525 138 78 Average precipitation days 1 0 mm 14 8 12 2 14 9 16 2 21 2 20 3 20 8 21 0 18 6 20 0 20 0 18 8 218 8Average relative humidity 78 7 77 7 78 7 81 0 82 6 82 9 83 9 83 2 83 0 83 1 81 9 80 8 81 6Mean monthly sunshine hours 195 3 197 8 217 0 195 0 192 2 180 0 195 3 195 3 177 0 161 2 162 0 167 4 2 235 5Source 1 Hong Kong Observatory sun 1961 1990 12 Source 2 NOAA 13 Typhoon Chataan edit On 2 July 2002 heavy rains from Tropical Storm Chataan caused more than thirty landslides that killed forty seven people and injured dozens of others in the state s deadliest weather disaster The landslides occurred throughout the day some within just minutes of each other Demographics editChuuk is the most populous of the FSM s states At the census held on 1 April 2000 it had 53 595 inhabitants compared with 34 486 for Pohnpei 11 241 for Yap and 7 686 for Kosrae at the census held on 4 April 2010 it had 48 654 inhabitants compared with 36 196 for Pohnpei 11 377 for Yap and 6 616 for Kosrae 14 Religion edit The majority of the state s population is affiliated with Christianity as a result of the activity of missionary groups first from Spain and then from Germany and the United States Catholicism was introduced during the Spanish colonization period followed by the arrival of various Protestant groups The main religious building in the state is the Immaculate Heart of Mary Cathedral 15 in Tunnuk Weno which is under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of the Caroline Islands Diocese Carolinensium suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of Agana in Guam Other churches in the state include Sacred Heart Church on Lekinioch Island Christ the King Church in Neiwe Houk Catholic Church Holy Family Church in Weno St Ignatius Church 16 in Fonoton among others Language edit The people of the country speak the Chuukese language a Micronesian language Culture editJesuit mission at Weno edit The New York Province of the Society of Jesus the Jesuits maintains a mission school on the island of Weno in Chuuk Xavier High School is housed at the former Japanese communications center It is a coeducational institution drawing students from all the island groups of the Federated States of Micronesia as well as Palau and the Marshall Islands Teachers are both Jesuit and lay and come from Micronesia the U S Indonesia Japan and Australia citation needed Spirit possession edit Although Chuuk is an overwhelmingly Christian society traditional beliefs in spirit possession by the dead still exist Allegedly these spirits overwhelmingly possess women and spirit possession is usually brought on by family conflicts The spirits speaking through the women typically admonish family members to treat each other better 17 Cultural references edit There are some references on the Chuukese language treating guests and on beliefs in the sci fi book Reefsong from Carol Severance citation needed Municipalities editOf the 40 municipalities of the state 16 fall within the Chuuk Lagoon and 24 in the Outer Islands In the table below each is followed by its population at the 2010 Census 18 Chuuk Lagoon 36 158 Faichuk 11 305 Eot 266 Fala Beguets 672 Paata 1 107 Polle 1 498 Romanum 865 Tol 4 579 Udot 1 680 Wonei 638 Northern Namoneas 14 620 Fono 388 Piis Penau 376 Weno 13 856 Southern Namoneas 10 233 Fefan 3 471 Param 342 Tonowas 3 517 Tsis 349 Uman 2 554 Outer Islands 12 496 Mortlocks 5 677 Etal 672 Kutu 323 Losap 248 Lukunor 848 Moch 932 Nama 676 Namoluk 355 Oneop 400 Pis Losap 258 Satawan 692 Ta 273 Northwest 6 819 Fananu 580 Magur 159 Murilo 329 Nomwin 763 Onari 193 Ono 172 Pisaras 227 Poluwat 745 Pulap 1 168 Pulusuk 1 116 Ruo 241 Tamatam 493 Ulul 633 Politics and government editThe State of Chuuk is one of the four federal states of the Federated States of Micronesia As a democratic federation each state has the ability to retain large number of power within the state as well as a certain level of sovereignty typical of federal states The chief executive of Chuuk is the governor Chuuk has a bicameral legislature 19 Education editChuuk State Department of Education operates public schools Public high schools 20 Chuuk High School Weno Faichuk High School Moch High School Mortlock High School Southern Namoneas High School SNHS 21 Weno High School 21 Private secondary schools 21 Berea Christian High School Weno Saramen Chuuk Academy Xavier High School Weno Mizpah Christian High School nbsp Chuuk State Coast Seventh Day Adventist Mission School 20 Private primary schools 20 Pentecostal Light House Academy Saint Cecilia School Seventh Day Adventist Mission SchoolTourism editChuuk State received the largest number of visitors of any of the Federated States of Micronesia However tourism is relatively under developed In the FSM s Development Plan for Chuuk published in 2016 factors which disadvantaged the development of tourism in Chuuk included a lack of infrastructure in particular irregular ferries between islands and a lack of regular electricity supplies on all islands apart from Weno The report recognized that it is primarily Chuuk s underwater assets that would bring tourism including its marine diversity and the Second World War shipwrecks around the coast 22 Where tourism does exist it is reliant on the diving industry which was established in the islands by Kimiuo Aisek 23 A legacy of his work to make Chuuk a dive destination was the establishment of the Kimiuo Aisek Memorial Museum 24 The American attacks on the Japanese fleet in 1944 were such that today Truk lagoon is the largest underwater military cemetery in the world 60 ships and 400 aircraft scattered over several kilometers which attracts divers from all over the world The diving conditions are very good visibility 15 40 meters variations in depth minor currents 700 varieties of fish generous coral However this source of income is jeopardized by preservation issues from rapidly disintegrating carcasses to dynamite fishing that rapidly destroys whole sections of the graveyard 25 nbsp Japanese tank on the Nippo Maru Sunk during World War II See also editChuuk Women s Council a non governmental women s rights organization based in Weno Habele a South Carolina based charity providing private economic educational assistance in Chuuk Chuukese independence referendum a vote for Chuuk to become independent from Micronesia which is due to take place in 2022 and has been delayed 3 times References edit Chappell David A 12 March 1997 Double Ghosts Oceanian Voyagers on Euroamerican Ships M E Sharpe ISBN 978 0 7656 3695 9 Bellwood Peter 1991 The Austronesian Dispersal and the Origin of Languages Scientific American 265 1 88 93 Bibcode 1991SciAm 265a 88B doi 10 1038 scientificamerican0791 88 JSTOR 24936983 Goodenough Ward Hunt 1 January 2002 Under Heaven s Brow Pre Christian Religious Tradition in Chuuk American Philosophical Society pp 17 18 ISBN 978 0 87169 246 7 Hinz Earl R Howard Jim 30 April 2006 Landfalls of Paradise Cruising Guide to the Pacific Islands University of Hawaii Press ISBN 978 0 8248 3037 3 Micronesia A Guide Through the Centuries Close Up Foundation 2000 ISBN 978 0 932765 94 9 Hanlon David L 30 April 2014 Making Micronesia A Political Biography of Tosiwo Nakayama University of Hawaii Press ISBN 978 0 8248 3847 8 Rainbird Paul 3 June 2004 The Archaeology of Micronesia Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 65630 6 Europa 2002 The Europa World Year Book 2002 Taylor amp Francis Group ISBN 978 1 85743 129 2 Fischer Steven Roger 3 March 2015 Oceanic Voices European Quills The Early Documents on and in Chamorro and Rapanui Walter de Gruyter GmbH amp Co KG ISBN 978 3 05 006411 6 Rainbird Paul 3 June 2004 The Archaeology of Micronesia Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 65630 6 Graue Catherine 5 March 2019 Chuuk independence vote was to be today but citizens now have another year ABC Radio Australia Retrieved 12 August 2019 Climatological Information for Truk Pacific Islands United States Hong Kong Observatory Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 13 December 2012 TRUK ISLAND CAROLINE ISLANDS PI Climate Normals 1961 1990 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved 13 December 2012 Office of Statistics Budget and Economic Management Overseas Development Assistance and Compact Management Immaculate Heart of Mary Cathedral GCatholic Retrieved 13 September 2021 Saint Ignatius Catholic Church church Chuuk Micronesia fm geoview info Retrieved 13 September 2021 Hezel Francis X 1993 Spirit Possession in Chuuk Socio Cultural Interpretation Micronesian Counselor 11 2010 Census Basic Table Chuuk Archived from the original on 28 January 2023 Retrieved 8 October 2021 Chuuk State Legal Information System of the Federated States of Micronesia fsmlaw org a b c School location Archived 29 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine Chuuk State Department of Education Retrieved on 28 February 2018 a b c Higher Education in the Federated States of Micronesia Archived 2017 10 14 at the Wayback Machine Embassy of the Federated States of Micronesia Washington DC Retrieved on 23 February 2018 Chuuk State Regional Development Plan Chuck State Economic Development Commission 2016 Kimio Aisek Submerged Retrieved 14 May 2021 Post Dianne Strong Special to The Guam Daily Internationally known Chuukese owned dive shop going strong past 45 years The Guam Daily Post Retrieved 14 May 2021 a 13h58 Par Ludivine Trichot Le 17 juillet 2017 17 July 2017 Le plus grand cimetiere sous marin du monde en Micronesie leparisien fr in French Retrieved 13 September 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link External links edit nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Chuuk nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chuuk Chuuk Truk Visitors Center NOAA s National Weather Service Chuuk FSM Chuuk State Government System Chuuk State Strategic Development Plan 2018 to 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chuuk State amp oldid 1206839200, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
