The Tulu people or Tuluvas are an ethno-linguistic group from Southern India. They are native speakers of the Tulu language and the region they traditionally inhabit is known as Tulu Nadu. This region comprises the districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi in Karnataka and a part of Kasaragod district in Kerala,[4][5] with Mangalore, Karnataka being the commercial hub. The Census report of 2011 reported a population of 1,846,427 native Tulu speakers living in India.[1]
According to Keralolpathi, the name Tuluva comes from that of one of the Cheraman Perumal kings of Kerala, who fixed his residence in the northern portion of his dominions just before its separation from Kerala, and who was called Tulubhan Perumal.[3]
Mythology
According to mythology, Tulu Nadu was reclaimed by Parashurama from the sea.[6] According to the 17th-century Malayalam work Keralolpathi, the lands of Kerala and Tulu Nadu were recovered from the Arabian Sea by the axe-wielding warrior sage Parasurama, the sixth avatar of Vishnu (hence, Kerala is also called Parasurama Kshetram 'The Land of Parasurama'[7]). Parasurama threw his axe across the sea, and the water receded as far as it reached. According to legend, this new area of land extended from Gokarna to Kanyakumari.[8] The land which rose from sea was filled with salt and unsuitable for habitation; so Parasurama invoked the Snake King Vasuki, who spat holy poison and converted the soil into fertile lush green land. Out of respect, Vasuki and all snakes were appointed as protectors and guardians of the land. P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar theorised, that Senguttuvan may have been inspired by the Parasurama legend, which was brought by early Aryan settlers.[9]
People and identity
Tulu speakers are divided into various castes. The major Tulu speaking castes are , Billava, Bunt, Shettigars,Tulu Gowdas, Devadiga, Kulalas, Koraga, Mogaveera, Tulu Brahmins, Vishwakarmas, Nayaks etc. Mangalorean Protestants are also Tulu speakers.[10] A Tulu woman is called Tuluvedi [11] Bhuta-aradhana in Tulu Nadu is similar to the rest of South India though the bhutas as well as their worship differ. The kola or nema is the yearly ceremony celebrating the festival of bhutas. They have attained a godly status among some worshippers, mainly non-Brahmins, and even have their own bhuta-sthanas (a place of abode similar to temples). Bhutas can be animistic as in Panjurli (pig) or Pili-bhuta (tiger). However, in many villages the Brahmins, who consider these spirits as their protectorates, conduct the yearly ceremonies. A second variety can be representatives of characters taken out of the Puranas like Berme (Brahma), Lekkesiri (Raktesvari, Kali) or Vishnumurti etc. A third category is deified human beings like Gulige, Annappe, and Koti-Chananye etc. The fourth kind is strictly local characters like Male-Chandi (from the male-Nadu), Ullaldi (from Ullal), and Malaraye (from the Ghats). Then there are bhutas which provide comical relief during nemas, namely Marlu-Jumadi (crazy Jumadi) or Potte (dumb/deaf demigod). Newer bhutas also have been added like Posa-bhuta (new demigod), Vokku-Ballala, and Muttappe etc.[12]
Tuluva Paddanas are sung narratives, which are part of several closely related singing traditions in Tulu language, Paddanas are sung during occasions which describe the evolution of Tulu tribes and Tulu culture.[22]
From India's independence and following the reorganization of states, the Tuluvas have been demanding national language status for Tulu[23] and a separate state for themselves called Tulu Nadu (Land of Tuluvas), based on their language and distinct culture. Though somewhat subdued for a while, this demand has grown stronger in recent years. Several organizations like the Tulu Rajya Horata Samiti have taken up the cause of the Tuluvas, and frequent meetings and demonstrations are held across towns in Tulunadu (such as Mangalore and Udupi) to voice their demands.[24][25][26]
^ ab"ABSTRACT OF SPEAKERS' STRENGTH OF LANGUAGES AND MOTHER TONGUES - 2011" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Indian Census 2011, Government of India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
^. Census of India, 2011. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015.
^ abJ. Sturrock (1894). Madras District Manuals - South Canara (Volume-I). Madras Government Press.
^"Tulu Nadu, Kasaragod, Kerala, India". Kerala Tourism. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
^"History of Mangalore" (PDF). ICICI. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
^S.C. Bhatt, Gopal K. Bhargava (2006) "Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: Volume 14.", p. 18
^Aiya VN (1906). The Travancore State Manual. Travancore Government Press. pp. 210–12. Retrieved 12 November 2007.
^Srinivisa Iyengar, P. T. (1929). History of the Tamils: From the Earliest Times to 600 A.D. Madras: Asian Educational Services. p. 515. ISBN978-8120601451.
^Shetty, Malavika (2010). Telling Stories: Language, Narrative, and Social Life (Identity building through Narratives on a Tulu Call-in Show). Georgetown University Press. pp. 95–108. ISBN9781589016743.
^Poojary, Kiran. "Tulu Lesson 13: Adjectives – Part 1". Retrieved 28 May 2022.
^"Tulu Nadu: The Land and its People by Neria H. Hebbar".
^Yogitha Shetty. "Ritualistic World of Tuluva: A Study of Tuluva Women and Siri possession cult". Retrieved 12 December 2010.
^"CiNii - Transformation of the Marumakkathayam System in Malabar: The Malabar Marriage Act, 1896 and the Nayar Tarawads". ci.nii.ac.jp. Retrieved 9 March 2008.
^Page 35-39 Kandamathu Kudumba Sangamam Published by K. K. N., Neyyattinkara, S. India 1995
^Jeffrey in the Decline of Nayar Dominance in Travancore, See notes under C V Raman Pillai
^"Nagapanchami Naadige Doodadu". Mangalorean.com. 18 August 2007. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
^"Connecting with nature". Deccan Herald. 17 May 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
^"'Devakoothu'; the lone woman Theyyam in North Malabar". Mathrubhumi.
^"Devakoothu: This year, Devakoothu gets a new face | Kozhikode News - Times of India". The Times of India.
^Peter J. Claus, "Variability in Tulu Padannas". Retrieved 2011-03-09.
^"Demand in RS for official status to Tulu, Kodava languages". Daily News and Analysis.
^Tulu Rajya Horata Samithi has urged that the region comprising Tulu speaking people should be given the status of a separate state."News headlines". daijiworld.com.
^"Now the time has come for all Tulu natives to pressurize the union government with the demand for a separate Tulunadu state", said renowned Tulu litterateur and Yakshagana artiste Kudyady Vishwanath Rai."Beltangady: Litterateur Kudyady Vishwanath Rai Voices Need for Tulunadu State". daijiworld.com.
^"Vedike demands separate Tulunadu State". The Hindu.
Further reading
S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar (1942), Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language, University of Madras, ISBN9789839154801
J. Sturrock (1894), Madras District Manuals - South Canara (Volume-I), Madras Government Press
Harold A. Stuart (1895), Madras District Manuals - South Canara (Volume-II), Madras Government Press
Government of Madras (1905), Madras District Gazetteers: Statistical Appendix for South Canara District, Madras Government Press
Government of Madras (1915), Madras District Gazetteers South Canara (Volume-II), Madras Government Press
Government of Madras (1953), 1951 Census Handbook- South Canara District(PDF), Madras Government Press
J. I. Arputhanathan (1955), South Kanara, The Nilgiris, Malabar and Coimbatore Districts (Village-wise Mother-tongue Data for Bilingual or Multilingual Taluks)(PDF), Madras Government Press
Rajabhushanam, D. S. (1963), Statistical Atlas of the Madras State (1951)(PDF), Madras (Chennai): Director of Statistics, Government of Madras
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tulu people.
January 07, 2023
tulu, people, tuluvas, ethno, linguistic, group, from, southern, india, they, native, speakers, tulu, language, region, they, traditionally, inhabit, known, tulu, nadu, this, region, comprises, districts, dakshina, kannada, udupi, karnataka, part, kasaragod, d. The Tulu people or Tuluvas are an ethno linguistic group from Southern India They are native speakers of the Tulu language and the region they traditionally inhabit is known as Tulu Nadu This region comprises the districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi in Karnataka and a part of Kasaragod district in Kerala 4 5 with Mangalore Karnataka being the commercial hub The Census report of 2011 reported a population of 1 846 427 native Tulu speakers living in India 1 TuluvasTotal populationc 1 8 millionRegions with significant populations India1 846 427 2011 census 1 LanguagesTuluReligionMajority HinduismMinority Jainism 2 Related ethnic groupsDravidian Kannadigas Konkanis Kodavas Malayalees 3 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Mythology 3 People and identity 4 Culture 5 Demand for Tulu Nadu 6 Prominent Tuluvas 7 See also 8 References 9 Further readingEtymology EditAccording to Keralolpathi the name Tuluva comes from that of one of the Cheraman Perumal kings of Kerala who fixed his residence in the northern portion of his dominions just before its separation from Kerala and who was called Tulubhan Perumal 3 Mythology EditAccording to mythology Tulu Nadu was reclaimed by Parashurama from the sea 6 According to the 17th century Malayalam work Keralolpathi the lands of Kerala and Tulu Nadu were recovered from the Arabian Sea by the axe wielding warrior sage Parasurama the sixth avatar of Vishnu hence Kerala is also called Parasurama Kshetram The Land of Parasurama 7 Parasurama threw his axe across the sea and the water receded as far as it reached According to legend this new area of land extended from Gokarna to Kanyakumari 8 The land which rose from sea was filled with salt and unsuitable for habitation so Parasurama invoked the Snake King Vasuki who spat holy poison and converted the soil into fertile lush green land Out of respect Vasuki and all snakes were appointed as protectors and guardians of the land P T Srinivasa Iyengar theorised that Senguttuvan may have been inspired by the Parasurama legend which was brought by early Aryan settlers 9 People and identity EditTulu speakers are divided into various castes The major Tulu speaking castes are Billava Bunt Shettigars Tulu Gowdas Devadiga Kulalas Koraga Mogaveera Tulu Brahmins Vishwakarmas Nayaks etc Mangalorean Protestants are also Tulu speakers 10 A Tulu woman is called Tuluvedi 11 Bhuta aradhana in Tulu Nadu is similar to the rest of South India though the bhutas as well as their worship differ The kola or nema is the yearly ceremony celebrating the festival of bhutas They have attained a godly status among some worshippers mainly non Brahmins and even have their own bhuta sthanas a place of abode similar to temples Bhutas can be animistic as in Panjurli pig or Pili bhuta tiger However in many villages the Brahmins who consider these spirits as their protectorates conduct the yearly ceremonies A second variety can be representatives of characters taken out of the Puranas like Berme Brahma Lekkesiri Raktesvari Kali or Vishnumurti etc A third category is deified human beings like Gulige Annappe and Koti Chananye etc The fourth kind is strictly local characters like Male Chandi from the male Nadu Ullaldi from Ullal and Malaraye from the Ghats Then there are bhutas which provide comical relief during nemas namely Marlu Jumadi crazy Jumadi or Potte dumb deaf demigod Newer bhutas also have been added like Posa bhuta new demigod Vokku Ballala and Muttappe etc 12 Culture Edit Tulu Baase written in Tigalari script Nagabana The Naga deities are worshipped in sacred groves Ritual dance performing the Buta Kola dance in honour of the deities worshipped by Tulu speakers Tuluvas follow a matrilineal system of inheritance known as Aliyasantana where inheritance is from uncle to nephew except for Brahmins Tulu Gowda Shettigar caste and Vishwakarmas 13 It is similar to the Marumakkathayam of Kerala 14 15 16 Other distinctive features include the rituals of Yakshagana Bhuta Kola Nagaradhane 17 Aati kalenja and Kambala 18 Bhuta Kola is similar to Theyyam in Kerala 19 20 Tuluva New Year is called Bisu Parba which falls on the same day as Baisakhi Vishu and the Thai New Year 21 Tuluva Paddanas are sung narratives which are part of several closely related singing traditions in Tulu language Paddanas are sung during occasions which describe the evolution of Tulu tribes and Tulu culture 22 Demand for Tulu Nadu EditMain article Tulu Nadu state movement From India s independence and following the reorganization of states the Tuluvas have been demanding national language status for Tulu 23 and a separate state for themselves called Tulu Nadu Land of Tuluvas based on their language and distinct culture Though somewhat subdued for a while this demand has grown stronger in recent years Several organizations like the Tulu Rajya Horata Samiti have taken up the cause of the Tuluvas and frequent meetings and demonstrations are held across towns in Tulunadu such as Mangalore and Udupi to voice their demands 24 25 26 Prominent Tuluvas EditFurther information List of Tulu peopleSee also EditMangalorean cuisine Udupi cuisine Tulu language Gokak agitationReferences Edit a b ABSTRACT OF SPEAKERS STRENGTH OF LANGUAGES AND MOTHER TONGUES 2011 PDF censusindia gov in Indian Census 2011 Government of India Retrieved 7 July 2018 Population by religion community 2011 Census of India 2011 The Registrar General amp Census Commissioner India Archived from the original on 25 August 2015 a b J Sturrock 1894 Madras District Manuals South Canara Volume I Madras Government Press Tulu ethnologue com Tulu Nadu Kasaragod Kerala India Kerala Tourism Retrieved 12 June 2017 History of Mangalore PDF ICICI Retrieved 6 October 2017 S C Bhatt Gopal K Bhargava 2006 Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories Volume 14 p 18 Aiya VN 1906 The Travancore State Manual Travancore Government Press pp 210 12 Retrieved 12 November 2007 Srinivisa Iyengar P T 1929 History of the Tamils From the Earliest Times to 600 A D Madras Asian Educational Services p 515 ISBN 978 8120601451 Shetty Malavika 2010 Telling Stories Language Narrative and Social Life Identity building through Narratives on a Tulu Call in Show Georgetown University Press pp 95 108 ISBN 9781589016743 Poojary Kiran Tulu Lesson 13 Adjectives Part 1 Retrieved 28 May 2022 Tulu Nadu The Land and its People by Neria H Hebbar Yogitha Shetty Ritualistic World of Tuluva A Study of Tuluva Women and Siri possession cult Retrieved 12 December 2010 CiNii Transformation of the Marumakkathayam System in Malabar The Malabar Marriage Act 1896 and the Nayar Tarawads ci nii ac jp Retrieved 9 March 2008 Page 35 39 Kandamathu Kudumba Sangamam Published by K K N Neyyattinkara S India 1995 Jeffrey in the Decline of Nayar Dominance in Travancore See notes under C V Raman Pillai Nagapanchami Naadige Doodadu Mangalorean com 18 August 2007 Retrieved 28 January 2008 Connecting with nature Deccan Herald 17 May 2010 Retrieved 20 May 2017 Devakoothu the lone woman Theyyam in North Malabar Mathrubhumi Devakoothu This year Devakoothu gets a new face Kozhikode News Times of India The Times of India Star of Mysore Retrieved 26 July 2017 Peter J Claus Variability in Tulu Padannas Retrieved 2011 03 09 Demand in RS for official status to Tulu Kodava languages Daily News and Analysis Tulu Rajya Horata Samithi has urged that the region comprising Tulu speaking people should be given the status of a separate state News headlines daijiworld com Now the time has come for all Tulu natives to pressurize the union government with the demand for a separate Tulunadu state said renowned Tulu litterateur and Yakshagana artiste Kudyady Vishwanath Rai Beltangady Litterateur Kudyady Vishwanath Rai Voices Need for Tulunadu State daijiworld com Vedike demands separate Tulunadu State The Hindu Further reading EditS Muhammad Hussain Nainar 1942 Tuhfat al Mujahidin An Historical Work in The Arabic Language University of Madras ISBN 9789839154801 J Sturrock 1894 Madras District Manuals South Canara Volume I Madras Government Press Harold A Stuart 1895 Madras District Manuals South Canara Volume II Madras Government Press Government of Madras 1905 Madras District Gazetteers Statistical Appendix for South Canara District Madras Government Press Government of Madras 1915 Madras District Gazetteers South Canara Volume II Madras Government Press Government of Madras 1953 1951 Census Handbook South Canara District PDF Madras Government Press J I Arputhanathan 1955 South Kanara The Nilgiris Malabar and Coimbatore Districts Village wise Mother tongue Data for Bilingual or Multilingual Taluks PDF Madras Government Press Rajabhushanam D S 1963 Statistical Atlas of the Madras State 1951 PDF Madras Chennai Director of Statistics Government of Madras Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tulu people Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tulu people amp oldid 1126603422, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
