The White Moon festival is celebrated on the first through third days of the first lunar month. Tibet's Losar occurs on the same day as the Mongolian White Moon. Tsagaan Sar is one of the most important Mongolian holidays.[6] Originally, it was celebrated in spring.[7]
History
The Mongols of Genghis Khan used the twelve-year animal cycle to mark their chronology. The Secret History of the Mongols written in 1240 as well as many letters of the Khans extensively use the twelve-year animal cycle. On the Year of the Red Hare, Genghis Khan ascended and purified himself on the first day of the lunar new year, wore new clothes, paid respects to Heaven and Earth, bowed and greeted his mother Hoelun and took part in a ceremony in his palace. On the first day of the lunar new year of the Year of the Rat (1216), Genghis Khan distributed gold presents to people aged over 60.
Marco Polo describes a Mongolian Lunar New Year (White Moon) celebrated by Kublai Khan in the 13th century during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). In Book Two, Part One he writes:
The beginning of their New Year is the month of February, and on that occasion the Great Khan and all his subjects made such a Feast as I now shall describe. It is the custom that on this occasion the Khan and all his subjects should be clothed entirely in white; so, that day, everybody is in white, men and women, great and small. And this is done in order that they may thrive all through the year, for they deem that white clothing is lucky. On that day also all the people of all the provinces and governments and kingdoms and countries that owe allegiance to the Khan bring him great presents of gold and silver, and pearls and gems, and rich textures of divers kinds. And this they do that the Emperor throughout the year may have abundance of treasure and enjoyment without care. And the people also make presents to each other of white things, and embrace and kiss and make merry, and wish each other happiness and good luck for the coming year.
After the Red Turban Rebellion drove the Mongols out of China in 1368 the Northern Yuan Dynasty continued Mongol traditions in the Mongol homeland. In contrast to the Naadam festival in summer which celebrates manly virtues Tsagaan Sar celebrates the softer virtues of peace and harmony. The color white represented especially by the white foods or "tsagaan idee" (various dairy products and rice with raisins) symbolize purity of intent. In Paragraph 254 of the Secret History of the Mongols the sons of Genghis Khan fight over who will succeed as next Khan. Genghis Khan sits silently as they fight. Khukhuchos speaks up and reprimands Chagatai (whose name, also written Tsagaadai, incidentally means White): "Chagatai, you have spoken careless words that have frozen the warm liver of your good queen mother, grieved her loving heart, dried her oil-like thoughts and curdled her milk white spirit." During Tsagaan Sar emphasis is placed on purity of intent or whiteness of spirit when visiting elder relatives. The greeting "Amar baina uu" (Are you in peace?) is said while the arms are extended with open palms showing no bad intention. The younger places his or her arms below the elder in a supporting fashion, both bow and embrace and the traditional Mongolian "sniff-kiss" is given by the elder on both cheeks. This traditional gesture is called zolgokh (greeting).[8] Quarreling is taboo and emphasis is placed on genuine reconciliation. Gift-giving is central to Tsagaan Sar. A lavish feast is usually laid out to wish for happiness and prosperity in the coming year.
During the Qing Dynasty, the Mongolians followed the "shar zurhai" (yellow horoscope) to determine the day of the Lunar New Year. From 1911 onwards during the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia, the Mongolians have used the Tugs Bayasgalant horoscope which differs from the yellow horoscope on certain years.
The customs of Tsagaan Sar are significantly different depending on the region. In Mongolia around the New Year for example, families burn candles at the altar symbolizing Buddhist enlightenment. Also people greet each other with holiday-specific greetings such as Амар байна уу? (Amar baina uu?), meaning "Are you living peacefully?"[10] Mongols also visit friends and family on this day and exchange gifts. A typical Mongol family will meet in the home dwelling of the eldest in the family.[11] Many people will be dressed in full garment of national Mongol costumes. When greeting their elders during the White Moon festival, Mongols perform the zolgokh greeting, grasping them by their elbows to show support for them. The eldest receives greetings from each member of the family except for his/her spouse.[11] During the greeting ceremony, family members hold long, typically blue, silk cloths called a khadag.[6] After the ceremony, the extended family eats sheep's tail, mutton, rice with curds, dairy products, and buuz. It is also typical to drink airag and exchange gifts. Before the day, many Mongols had to clean their houses.[12]
The day before Tsagaan Sar is called Bituun, the name of the lunar phase of a new or dark moon. The lunar phases are Bituun (dark moon), Shined (new crescent moon), Tergel (full moon), and Huuchid (waxing moon). On the Bituun day, people thoroughly clean around home, herders also clean the livestock barns and shades, to meet the New Year fresh. The Bituun ceremony also includes burning candles to symbolize enlightenment of the samsara and all sentient beings and putting three pieces of ice at the doorway so that the horse of the deity Palden Lhamo could drink as the deity is believed to visit every household on this day. In the evening, families gather together—usually immediate family,[11] in contrast to the large feast gatherings of White Moon day — and see out the old year eating dairy products and buuz. Traditionally, Mongolians settle all issues and repay all debts from the old year by this day.[11]
Food
Depending on the region, food is prepared in a diverse array of forms. For example, the traditional food in Mongolia for the festival includes dairy products, rice with curds (tsagaa-цагаа) or rice with raisins (berees-бэрээс), a pyramid of traditional cookies erected on a large dish in a special fashion symbolising Mount Sumeru or Shambhala realm, a grilled side of sheep and minced beef or minced mutton steamed inside pastry, steamed dumplings known as buuz, horse meat and traditional cookies Boortsog.[13] Tsagaan Sar is a lavish feast, requiring preparation days in advance, as the men and women make large quantities of buuz as a whole family, along with ul boov, a pastry reserved for both dessert and presentation.[11]
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(February 2018)
The Mongol calendar in the Tegus Buyantu (Төгсбуянт) system is a lunisolar calendar. The Tegus Buyantu astrology was developed by Mongol high priest Luvsandanzanjantsan (1639–1704), thought to be the first reincarnation of the Blama-yin Gegegen (Ламын гэгээн).[15] Tsagaan Sar is celebrated on the first through third days of the first lunar month.
^"Nomads winter: Tsagaan sar - Mongolian Lunar New Year :: www.touristinfocenter.mn". www.touristinfocenter.mn.
^ ab"Tsagan Sar: The Mongolian Lunar New Year". Mongoluls. 2007. March 13, 2008.Mongoluls.net
^"Tsagaan Sar the main celebration of the Mongols". Mongolia Tours.
^"Javhaasaihan Uuriintuya Tsagaan sar Жавхаасайхан Үүрийнтуяа Цагаан сар GOBI - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-12.
^"UNESCO - Evaluation of nominations for inscription in 2011 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (item 13 on the agenda)". ich.unesco.org.
^"Амар байна уу? (Are you rested/peaceful?)". February 8, 2011.
^ abcde. Archived from the original on November 13, 2006.
tsagaan, other, traditions, celebrating, lunar, year, lunar, year, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, n. For other traditions of celebrating the lunar new year see Lunar New Year This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Tsagaan Sar news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Mongolian Lunar New Year commonly known as Tsagaan Sar Mongolian Cagaan sar Cagan sar ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ Mongolian pronunciation t sʰaɢaːŋ sar or literally White Moon note 1 is the first day of the year according to the Mongolian lunisolar calendar The festival of the Lunar New Year is celebrated by the Mongols and some Turkic peoples The holiday has shamanistic influences 1 2 3 4 5 Tsagaan SarTsgaan Sar at Burkhan Bakshin Altan Sume Elista Kalmykia Russia 2011 Also calledMongolian New Year Mongol New Year Tsagaan SarObserved byMongoliaRussia Agin Buryat Okrug Altai Republic Buryatia Kalmykia Tuva Ust Orda Buryat Okrug China Bayingolin Bortala Dorbod Fuxin Haixi Harqin Zuoyi Henan Hoboksar Inner Mongolia Qian Gorlos Subei Weichang Ethnic groups AltaiBuryatsDaursOirats and KalmyksManchusMongolsMonguorsSibesTozhusTubalarTuvansTypeCultural Mongolian Religious Buddhist and Shamanist SignificanceNew Year holiday2022 date2 February2023 date21 February2024 date10 FebruaryFrequencyAnnualRelated toSagaalgan Buryatia Russia Shagaa Tuva Russia Tsagan Sar Kalmykia Russia Chaga Bayram Altai Russia Tsagaan Sar meal Contents 1 Timing 2 History 3 Ceremony 4 Food 5 During the socialist era 6 Dates 7 See also 8 Notes 9 ReferencesTiming EditThe White Moon festival is celebrated on the first through third days of the first lunar month Tibet s Losar occurs on the same day as the Mongolian White Moon Tsagaan Sar is one of the most important Mongolian holidays 6 Originally it was celebrated in spring 7 History EditThe Mongols of Genghis Khan used the twelve year animal cycle to mark their chronology The Secret History of the Mongols written in 1240 as well as many letters of the Khans extensively use the twelve year animal cycle On the Year of the Red Hare Genghis Khan ascended and purified himself on the first day of the lunar new year wore new clothes paid respects to Heaven and Earth bowed and greeted his mother Hoelun and took part in a ceremony in his palace On the first day of the lunar new year of the Year of the Rat 1216 Genghis Khan distributed gold presents to people aged over 60 Marco Polo describes a Mongolian Lunar New Year White Moon celebrated by Kublai Khan in the 13th century during the Yuan Dynasty 1271 1368 In Book Two Part One he writes The beginning of their New Year is the month of February and on that occasion the Great Khan and all his subjects made such a Feast as I now shall describe It is the custom that on this occasion the Khan and all his subjects should be clothed entirely in white so that day everybody is in white men and women great and small And this is done in order that they may thrive all through the year for they deem that white clothing is lucky On that day also all the people of all the provinces and governments and kingdoms and countries that owe allegiance to the Khan bring him great presents of gold and silver and pearls and gems and rich textures of divers kinds And this they do that the Emperor throughout the year may have abundance of treasure and enjoyment without care And the people also make presents to each other of white things and embrace and kiss and make merry and wish each other happiness and good luck for the coming year After the Red Turban Rebellion drove the Mongols out of China in 1368 the Northern Yuan Dynasty continued Mongol traditions in the Mongol homeland In contrast to the Naadam festival in summer which celebrates manly virtues Tsagaan Sar celebrates the softer virtues of peace and harmony The color white represented especially by the white foods or tsagaan idee various dairy products and rice with raisins symbolize purity of intent In Paragraph 254 of the Secret History of the Mongols the sons of Genghis Khan fight over who will succeed as next Khan Genghis Khan sits silently as they fight Khukhuchos speaks up and reprimands Chagatai whose name also written Tsagaadai incidentally means White Chagatai you have spoken careless words that have frozen the warm liver of your good queen mother grieved her loving heart dried her oil like thoughts and curdled her milk white spirit During Tsagaan Sar emphasis is placed on purity of intent or whiteness of spirit when visiting elder relatives The greeting Amar baina uu Are you in peace is said while the arms are extended with open palms showing no bad intention The younger places his or her arms below the elder in a supporting fashion both bow and embrace and the traditional Mongolian sniff kiss is given by the elder on both cheeks This traditional gesture is called zolgokh greeting 8 Quarreling is taboo and emphasis is placed on genuine reconciliation Gift giving is central to Tsagaan Sar A lavish feast is usually laid out to wish for happiness and prosperity in the coming year During the Qing Dynasty the Mongolians followed the shar zurhai yellow horoscope to determine the day of the Lunar New Year From 1911 onwards during the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia the Mongolians have used the Tugs Bayasgalant horoscope which differs from the yellow horoscope on certain years In 2011 the holiday was nominated for UNESCO s Intangible cultural heritage list 9 Ceremony EditThe customs of Tsagaan Sar are significantly different depending on the region In Mongolia around the New Year for example families burn candles at the altar symbolizing Buddhist enlightenment Also people greet each other with holiday specific greetings such as Amar bajna uu Amar baina uu meaning Are you living peacefully 10 Mongols also visit friends and family on this day and exchange gifts A typical Mongol family will meet in the home dwelling of the eldest in the family 11 Many people will be dressed in full garment of national Mongol costumes When greeting their elders during the White Moon festival Mongols perform the zolgokh greeting grasping them by their elbows to show support for them The eldest receives greetings from each member of the family except for his her spouse 11 During the greeting ceremony family members hold long typically blue silk cloths called a khadag 6 After the ceremony the extended family eats sheep s tail mutton rice with curds dairy products and buuz It is also typical to drink airag and exchange gifts Before the day many Mongols had to clean their houses 12 The day before Tsagaan Sar is called Bituun the name of the lunar phase of a new or dark moon The lunar phases are Bituun dark moon Shined new crescent moon Tergel full moon and Huuchid waxing moon On the Bituun day people thoroughly clean around home herders also clean the livestock barns and shades to meet the New Year fresh The Bituun ceremony also includes burning candles to symbolize enlightenment of the samsara and all sentient beings and putting three pieces of ice at the doorway so that the horse of the deity Palden Lhamo could drink as the deity is believed to visit every household on this day In the evening families gather together usually immediate family 11 in contrast to the large feast gatherings of White Moon day and see out the old year eating dairy products and buuz Traditionally Mongolians settle all issues and repay all debts from the old year by this day 11 Food EditDepending on the region food is prepared in a diverse array of forms For example the traditional food in Mongolia for the festival includes dairy products rice with curds tsagaa cagaa or rice with raisins berees berees a pyramid of traditional cookies erected on a large dish in a special fashion symbolising Mount Sumeru or Shambhala realm a grilled side of sheep and minced beef or minced mutton steamed inside pastry steamed dumplings known as buuz horse meat and traditional cookies Boortsog 13 Tsagaan Sar is a lavish feast requiring preparation days in advance as the men and women make large quantities of buuz as a whole family along with ul boov a pastry reserved for both dessert and presentation 11 During the socialist era EditDuring Mongolia s Socialist period the government banned Tsagaan Sar after Choibalsan s death in 1952 and tried to replace it with a holiday called Collective Herder s Day but the holiday was practiced again after the 1990 Democratic Revolution in Mongolia 14 Dates EditThis article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information February 2018 The Mongol calendar in the Tegus Buyantu Togsbuyant system is a lunisolar calendar The Tegus Buyantu astrology was developed by Mongol high priest Luvsandanzanjantsan 1639 1704 thought to be the first reincarnation of the Blama yin Gegegen Lamyn gegeen 15 Tsagaan Sar is celebrated on the first through third days of the first lunar month Gregorian year Mongol year 15 Transliteration Tsagaan Sar Element and animal1989 Cagaan Tsagaan 7 February 10 February female earth Snake1990 Mashid sogtongi Mashid sogtongi 26 February 28 February male iron Horse1991 Torolhtnij ezen Torolkhtnii eeen 15 February 17 February female iron Sheep1992 Angira Apgira 4 February 7 February male water Monkey1993 Cogt nigurt Tsogt nigurt 25 January 30 January female water Rooster1994 Boda Boda 11 February 13 February male wooden Dog1995 Nasan togoldor Nasan togoldor 31 January 5 February female wooden Pig1996 Barigch Barigch 19 February 21 February male fire Mouse1997 Erhet Erkhet 8 February 10 February female fire Ox1998 Olon үrt Olon urt 28 February 2 March male earth Tiger1999 Sogtoh togoldor Sogtokh togoldor 17 February 19 February female earth Rabbit2000 Tijn daragch Tiin daragch 5 February 8 February male iron Dragon2001 Sүrgijn manlaj Surgiin manlai 24 January 26 January female iron Snake2002 Eldev Eldev 13 February 15 February male water Horse2003 Naran Naran 2 February 4 February female water Sheep2004 Naran getelgegch Naran getelgegch 21 February 23 February male wood Monkey2005 Gazar tetgegch Gazar tetgegch 9 February 11 February female wood Rooster2006 Baragdashgүj Baragdashgui 30 January 1 February male fire Dog2007 Hamgijg nomhotgogch Khamgiig nomkhotgogch 18 February 20 February female fire Pig2008 Hotolyg barigch Khotolyg barigch 8 February 10 February male earth Mouse2009 Harshlalt Kharshlalt 25 February 27 February female earth Ox2010 Tijn urvagch Tiin urvagch 14 February 17 February male iron Tiger2011 Ilzhig Iljig 3 February 5 February female iron Rabbit2012 Bayasgalan Bayasgalan 22 February 25 February male water Dragon2013 Tijn yalagch Tiin yalagch 11 February 13 February female water Snake2014 Yalguusan Yalguusan 30 January 1 February male wood Horse2015 Galzuuruulagch Galzuuruulagch 19 February 21 February female wood Sheep2016 Muu nүүrt Muu nuurt 9 February 11 February male fire Monkey2017 Altan unzhlagat Altan unjlagat 27 February 1 March female fire Rooster2018 Tijn unzhlagat Tiin unjlagat 16 February 18 February male earth Dog2019 Urvuulagch Urvuulagch 5 February 7 February female earth Pig2020 Hotol togs Khotol tugs 24 February 26 February white male iron Mouse2021 12 February 14 February white female Cow2022 2 February 4 February water tiger2023 21 February 23 February black female rabbit2024 10 February 12 February wood male dragon2025 1 March 3 March blue female snakeSee also EditList of Buddhist festivals Celebrations of Lunar New Year in other parts of Asia Chinese New Year Spring Festival Korean New Year Seollal Japanese New Year Shōgatsu Tibetan New Year Losar Vietnamese New Year Tết Nguyen Đan Similar Asian Lunisolar New Year celebrations that occur in April Burmese New Year Thingyan Cambodian New Year Chaul Chnam Thmey Lao New Year Pii Mai Sri Lankan New Year Aluth Avuruddu Thai New Year Songkran Naadam Nowruz Ul boovNotes Edit Russian Buryat Sagaan һara romanized Sagan ħara IPA sagaːŋ ħara Oirat Caһan sar romanized Cahan sar IPA t saɣan sar Tuvan ShagaaReferences Edit Tsagaan Sar The Lunar New Year of Mongolia Selena Travel discovery cultural adventure and tailored tours Aneaa ca nieioai e eoiie aeaaiua oaiaineea idacaieee religion historic ru Kak vstrechali Sagaalgan nashi predki i kak sleduet gotovitsya k prazdniku Obshestvo i kultura Novaya Buryatiya newbur ru Pegg Carole 2001 Mongolian Music Dance amp Oral Narrative Performing Diverse Identities ISBN 9780295980300 Nomads winter Tsagaan sar Mongolian Lunar New Year www touristinfocenter mn www touristinfocenter mn a b Tsagan Sar The Mongolian Lunar New Year Mongoluls 2007 March 13 2008 Mongoluls net Tsagaan Sar the main celebration of the Mongols Mongolia Tours Javhaasaihan Uuriintuya Tsagaan sar Zhavhaasajhan Үүrijntuyaa Cagaan sar GOBI YouTube www youtube com Archived from the original on 2021 12 12 UNESCO Evaluation of nominations for inscription in 2011 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity item 13 on the agenda ich unesco org Amar bajna uu Are you rested peaceful February 8 2011 a b c d e Tsagaan Sar the Lunar New Year Archived from the original on November 13 2006 1 dead link Kohn Michael Lonely Planet Mongolia Lonely Planet 2008 ISBN 978 1 74104 578 9 p 44 Marsh Peter The Horse head Fiddle and the Cosmopolitan Reimagination of Tradition of Mongolia Routledge 2009 ISBN 978 0 415 97156 0 p 136 a b L Terbish Mongol zurhajn cag toony bichig Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tsagaan Sar amp oldid 1093457395, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
