The term Mongolian calendar (Mongolian: цаглабар, romanized: tsaglabar or цаг тооны бичиг, tsag toony bichig) refers to a number of different calendars, the oldest of which was a solar calendar.[1] The beginning of the year was autumn. The year was divided into 4 seasons. The seasons begin at the equinoxes and the solstices of the sun. This calculation was changed in 1211, and the new year was celebrated in the spring. Spring began on March 22.
In 1282, Kublai Khan revised the Chinese calendar and began to include his homeland Mongolia in this calendar.
The traditional Mongol calendar is a lunisolar calendar based on Tegus Buyantu zurkhai[2] system developed in 1747 by monk Ishbaljir (Сүмбэ хамбо Ишбалжир, Sümbe khambo Ishbaljir; 1704–1788). The Mongol year is composed of either 12 or 13 lunar months, each beginning and ending with a new moon. A thirteenth month is added every three years, so that an average year is equal to the solar year.[3]
The Mongol traditional new year celebration is Tsagaan Sar which is celebrated at the second new moon following the winter solstice. In 2022, the second new moon was on 1 February in Mongolia. [citation needed]
In modern Mongolia, the Gregorian calendar is used, with the traditional calendar only used for traditional celebrations and events based on the calendar.
The European system of chronology is called Аргын тоолол (Argyn toolol, chronology of method) and the Mongol system of chronology is called Билгийн тоолол (Bilgiin toolol, chronology of wisdom).
In colloquial usage, the first 5 days of the week are referred to as first day, second day, etc. Saturday is referred to as Хагас сайн өдөр (Khagas sain ödör, "half-good day"), and Sunday is referred to as Бүтэн сайн өдөр (Büten sain ödör, "full good day"); a result of 5 full working days and Saturday as a half working day during the communist era.
The names of Tibetan origin are used in more formal settings, and almost exclusively in written documents, while the Sanskrit names are practically absent in modern usage.
^Atwood, Christopher P. (2002-01-01), "Lunar and Solar Calendars on the Mongolian Plateau", Young Mongols and Vigilantes in Inner Mongolia's Interregnum Decades, 1911-1931, Brill, pp. 1067–1070, doi:10.1163/9789004531291_024, ISBN978-90-04-53129-1, retrieved 2023-11-20
^Zurkhai (from the verb zur - draw) is a system of knowledge embracing mathematics, astronomy and astrology
^Damdinsuren, Ts. (1981). "A Commentary on Kalacakra or Wheel of Time". The Tibet Journal. 6 (1): 43–49. ISSN 0970-5368.
December 01, 2023
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Mongolian calendar news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message The term Mongolian calendar Mongolian caglabar romanized tsaglabar or cag toony bichig tsag toony bichig refers to a number of different calendars the oldest of which was a solar calendar 1 The beginning of the year was autumn The year was divided into 4 seasons The seasons begin at the equinoxes and the solstices of the sun This calculation was changed in 1211 and the new year was celebrated in the spring Spring began on March 22 In 1282 Kublai Khan revised the Chinese calendar and began to include his homeland Mongolia in this calendar The traditional Mongol calendar is a lunisolar calendar based on Tegus Buyantu zurkhai 2 system developed in 1747 by monk Ishbaljir Sүmbe hambo Ishbalzhir Sumbe khambo Ishbaljir 1704 1788 The Mongol year is composed of either 12 or 13 lunar months each beginning and ending with a new moon A thirteenth month is added every three years so that an average year is equal to the solar year 3 The Mongol traditional new year celebration is Tsagaan Sar which is celebrated at the second new moon following the winter solstice In 2022 the second new moon was on 1 February in Mongolia citation needed In modern Mongolia the Gregorian calendar is used with the traditional calendar only used for traditional celebrations and events based on the calendar The European system of chronology is called Argyn toolol Argyn toolol chronology of method and the Mongol system of chronology is called Bilgijn toolol Bilgiin toolol chronology of wisdom Contents 1 Argyn toolol 1 1 Months 1 2 Days of the week 2 See also 3 ReferencesArgyn toolol editMonths edit The twelve months of the year are referred to by their number such as first month second month and so on English name Mongolian nameCyrillic Traditional RomanizationJanuary Negdүgeer sar ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ Negdugeer sarFebruary Hoyordugaar sar ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ Khoyordugaar sarMarch Guravdugaar sar ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ Guravdugaar sarApril Dorovdүgeer sar ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ Dorovdugeer sarMay Tavdugaar sar ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ Tavdugaar sarJune Zurgadugaar sar ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ Zurgadugaar sarJuly Doloodugaar sar ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ Doloodugaar sarAugust Najmdugaar sar ᠨᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ Naimdugaar sarSeptember Esdүgeer sar ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ Yesdugeer sarOctober Aravdugaar sar ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ Aravdugaar sarNovember Arvan negdүgeer sar ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ Arvan negdugeer sarDecember Arvan hoyordugaar sar ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ Arvan khoyordugaar sarDays of the week edit In colloquial usage the first 5 days of the week are referred to as first day second day etc Saturday is referred to as Hagas sajn odor Khagas sain odor half good day and Sunday is referred to as Bүten sajn odor Buten sain odor full good day a result of 5 full working days and Saturday as a half working day during the communist era The names of Tibetan origin are used in more formal settings and almost exclusively in written documents while the Sanskrit names are practically absent in modern usage English name Colloquial Tibetan origin Sanskrit originCyrillic Traditional Romanization Cyrillic Traditional Romanization Cyrillic Traditional RomanizationMonday Neg deh odor ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ Neg dekh odor Davaa garag ᠳᠠᠸᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ Davaa garag Sumyaa ᠰᠤᠮᠢᠶ ᠠ SumyaaTuesday Hoyor dah odor ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ Khoyor dakhi odor Myagmar garag ᠮᠢᠭᠮᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ Myagmar garag Angarag ᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ AngaragWednesday Gurav dah odor ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ Gurav dakhi odor Lhagva garag ᡀᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ Lkhagva garag Bud ᠪᠤᠳ BudThursday Dorov deh odor ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ Dorov dekh odor Pүrev garag ᠫᠦᠷᠪᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ Purev garag Barhasbad ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠰᠪᠠᠳᠢ BarkhasbadiFriday Tav dah odor ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ Tav dakhi odor Baasan garag ᠪᠠᠰᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ Baasan garag Sugar ᠱᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠ SugarSaturday Hagas sajn odor ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ Khagas sain odor Byamba garag ᠪᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ Byamba garag Sanchir ᠰᠠᠨᠢᠴᠠᠷ SanchirSunday Bүten sajn odor ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ Buten sain odor Nyam garag ᠨᠢᠮ ᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ Nyam garag Adyaa ᠠᠳᠢᠶ AdyaaSee also editPublic holidays in MongoliaReferences edit Atwood Christopher P 2002 01 01 Lunar and Solar Calendars on the Mongolian Plateau Young Mongols and Vigilantes in Inner Mongolia s Interregnum Decades 1911 1931 Brill pp 1067 1070 doi 10 1163 9789004531291 024 ISBN 978 90 04 53129 1 retrieved 2023 11 20 Zurkhai from the verb zur draw is a system of knowledge embracing mathematics astronomy and astrology Damdinsuren Ts 1981 A Commentary on Kalacakra or Wheel of Time The Tibet Journal 6 1 43 49 ISSN 0970 5368 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mongolian calendar amp oldid 1186059138, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
