Gossypium arboreum var. wightianum (Tod.) M.R.Almeida
Gossypium asiaticum Raf.
Gossypium bani (G.Watt) Prokh.
Gossypium cernuum Tod.
Gossypium comesii Sprenger
Gossypium figarei Tod.
Gossypium glabratum Tod.
Gossypium gracile Salisb.
Gossypium herbaceum var. wightianum (Tod.) T.Cooke
Gossypium indicum Lam.
Gossypium intermedium Tod.
Gossypium macranthum Tod.
Gossypium nanking Meyen
Gossypium neglectum Tod.
Gossypium obtusifolium Roxb. ex G.Don
Gossypium obtusifolium var. wightiana G.Watt
Gossypium perennans Delile ex Roberty
Gossypium puniceum Fenzl
Gossypium roseum Tod.
Gossypium roxburghii Tod.
Gossypium royleanum Tod.
Gossypium rubicundum Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.
Gossypium rubrum Forssk.
Gossypium sanguineum Hassk.
Gossypium soudanense (G.Watt) G.Watt
Gossypium vaupelii J.Graham
Gossypium wattianum S.Y.Hu
Gossypium wightianum Tod.
Hibiscus albiflorus Kuntze
Hibiscus cernuus (Tod.) Kuntze
Hibiscus nangking Kuntze
Xylon indicum (Lam.) Medik.
Descriptionedit
Tree cotton is a shrub attaining heights of one to two metres. Its branches are covered with pubescence and are purple in colour. Stipules are present at the leaf base and they are linear to lanceolate in shape and sometimes falcate (i.e. sickle-shaped). The leaves are attached to the stem by a 1.5 to 10 cm petiole. The blades are ovate to orbicular in shape and have five to seven lobes, making them superficially resemble a maple leaf. The lobes are linear to lanceolate, and often a tooth is present in the sinus. Glands are present along the midrib or occasionally on the adjacent nerves. The leaves are glabrescent, meaning the pubescence is lost with age, but when it is present on young leaves, it is both stellate (i.e. star-shaped) and simple.[3]
The flowers are set on short pedicels (i.e. flower stalks). An epicalyx is present, which is a series of subtending bracts that resemble sepals. Its large, ovate segments are dentate (i.e. toothed along the margins), though sometimes only very slightly so. They are cordate (i.e. heart-shaped) at the base and acute at the apex. The true calyx is small, measuring only about 5 millimetres (0.20 in) long. Its shape is cupular, and five subtle dentations are present. The corolla is a pale yellow on colour, sometimes with a purple centre, and occasionally entirely purple. It measures 3 to 4 centimetres (1.2 to 1.6 in) long. The staminal tube bears the anthers and is 1.5 to 2 cm in length. The fruit is a three- or four-celled capsule measuring 1.5 to 2.5 centimetres (0.59 to 0.98 in) across. It is ovoid or oblong in shape and glabrous (i.e. hairless). The surface is pitted and a beak is present at the terminal end. The seeds within are globular and are covered in long white cotton.[3]
Gossypium arboreum var. neglecta, locally known as "Phuti karpas", was the variant used to make Dhaka muslin in East India, now Bangladesh.[4] The variant could only be grown in an area south of Dhaka, along the banks of the Meghna River. It could be spun so that individual threads could maintain tensile strength at counts higher than any other variant of cotton.[5]
Referencesedit
^Rowe, J.; Holubec, V. (2019). "Gossypium anomalum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2019: e.T71774166A71774188. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T71774166A71774188.en.
^ abcAbedin, Sultanul (1979), "Gossypium arboreum", in Ali, S.I.; Qaiser, M. (ed.), Flora of Pakistan, vol. 130, St. Louis: University of Karachi & Missouri Botanical Garden, p. 30{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
^Gorvett, Zaria (17 March 2021). "The ancient fabric that no one knows how to make". BBC Future. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
^Islam, Khademul (May 2016). "Our Story of Dhaka Muslin". aramcoworld.com. AramcoWorld. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gossypium arboreum.
Media related to Gossypium arboreum at Wikimedia Commons
Public domain photo (copyright expired) of Gossypium arboreum (flickr.com)
February 16, 2024
gossypium, arboreum, commonly, called, tree, cotton, species, cotton, native, india, pakistan, bangladesh, other, tropical, subtropical, regions, world, there, evidence, cultivation, long, harappan, civilization, indus, valley, production, cotton, textiles, sh. Gossypium arboreum commonly called tree cotton is a species of cotton native to India Pakistan and Bangladesh and other tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World There is evidence of its cultivation as long ago as the Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley for the production of cotton textiles The shrub was included in Linnaeus s Species Plantarum published in 1753 The holotype was also supplied by him which is now in the Linnean Herbarium in the Swedish Museum of Natural History 3 Gossypium arboreumSeed capsules on a cultivated specimen in Osaka JapanConservation statusNear Threatened IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder MalvalesFamily MalvaceaeGenus GossypiumSpecies G arboreumBinomial nameGossypium arboreumL 2 Synonyms 2 Gossypium albiflorum Tod Gossypium anomalum G WattGossypium arboreum var wightianum Tod M R AlmeidaGossypium asiaticum Raf Gossypium bani G Watt Prokh Gossypium cernuum Tod Gossypium comesii SprengerGossypium figarei Tod Gossypium glabratum Tod Gossypium gracile Salisb Gossypium herbaceum var wightianum Tod T CookeGossypium indicum Lam Gossypium intermedium Tod Gossypium macranthum Tod Gossypium nanking MeyenGossypium neglectum Tod Gossypium obtusifolium Roxb ex G DonGossypium obtusifolium var wightiana G WattGossypium perennans Delile ex RobertyGossypium puniceum FenzlGossypium roseum Tod Gossypium roxburghii Tod Gossypium royleanum Tod Gossypium rubicundum Roxb ex Wight amp Arn Gossypium rubrum Forssk Gossypium sanguineum Hassk Gossypium soudanense G Watt G WattGossypium vaupelii J GrahamGossypium wattianum S Y HuGossypium wightianum Tod Hibiscus albiflorus KuntzeHibiscus cernuus Tod KuntzeHibiscus nangking KuntzeXylon indicum Lam Medik Description editTree cotton is a shrub attaining heights of one to two metres Its branches are covered with pubescence and are purple in colour Stipules are present at the leaf base and they are linear to lanceolate in shape and sometimes falcate i e sickle shaped The leaves are attached to the stem by a 1 5 to 10 cm petiole The blades are ovate to orbicular in shape and have five to seven lobes making them superficially resemble a maple leaf The lobes are linear to lanceolate and often a tooth is present in the sinus Glands are present along the midrib or occasionally on the adjacent nerves The leaves are glabrescent meaning the pubescence is lost with age but when it is present on young leaves it is both stellate i e star shaped and simple 3 The flowers are set on short pedicels i e flower stalks An epicalyx is present which is a series of subtending bracts that resemble sepals Its large ovate segments are dentate i e toothed along the margins though sometimes only very slightly so They are cordate i e heart shaped at the base and acute at the apex The true calyx is small measuring only about 5 millimetres 0 20 in long Its shape is cupular and five subtle dentations are present The corolla is a pale yellow on colour sometimes with a purple centre and occasionally entirely purple It measures 3 to 4 centimetres 1 2 to 1 6 in long The staminal tube bears the anthers and is 1 5 to 2 cm in length The fruit is a three or four celled capsule measuring 1 5 to 2 5 centimetres 0 59 to 0 98 in across It is ovoid or oblong in shape and glabrous i e hairless The surface is pitted and a beak is present at the terminal end The seeds within are globular and are covered in long white cotton 3 Gossypium arboreum var neglecta locally known as Phuti karpas was the variant used to make Dhaka muslin in East India now Bangladesh 4 The variant could only be grown in an area south of Dhaka along the banks of the Meghna River It could be spun so that individual threads could maintain tensile strength at counts higher than any other variant of cotton 5 References edit Rowe J Holubec V 2019 Gossypium anomalum IUCN Red List of Threatened Species IUCN 2019 e T71774166A71774188 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2019 2 RLTS T71774166A71774188 en a b Gossypium arboreum Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 30 June 2022 a b c Abedin Sultanul 1979 Gossypium arboreum in Ali S I Qaiser M ed Flora of Pakistan vol 130 St Louis University of Karachi amp Missouri Botanical Garden p 30 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint multiple names editors list link Gorvett Zaria 17 March 2021 The ancient fabric that no one knows how to make BBC Future Retrieved 27 June 2022 Islam Khademul May 2016 Our Story of Dhaka Muslin aramcoworld com AramcoWorld Retrieved 30 June 2022 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gossypium arboreum nbsp Media related to Gossypium arboreum at Wikimedia Commons Public domain photo copyright expired of Gossypium arboreum flickr com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gossypium arboreum amp oldid 1192688466, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
