Transatlantic relations refer to the historic, cultural, political, economic and social relations between countries on both side of the Atlantic Ocean. Sometimes it specifically means relationships between the Anglophone North American countries (the United States and Canada), and particular European countries or organizations, although other meanings are possible.
Atlantic Ocean
There are a number of issues over which the United States and Europe generally disagree. Some of these are cultural, such as the U.S. use of the death penalty, some are international issues such as the Middle Eastpeace process where the United States is often seen as pro-Israel and where Europe is often seen as pro-Arab (or at least neutral), and many others are trade related. The current U.S. policies are often described as being unilateral in nature, whereas the European Union and Canada are often said to take a more multilateral approach, relying more on the United Nations and other international institutions to help solve issues. There are many other issues upon which they agree.[1]
One potential definition of transatlantic relations. The United States (in red), Canada (in green), the European Union (in blue). Excluded from this definition are non-EU states in Europe, and all of Latin America and Africa.It is proposed to create a Transatlantic Free Trade Area between the United States and European Union. Map shows potential other members: NAFTA, EFTA and future EU members.
Transatlantic relations can refer to relations between individual states or to relations between groups of states or international organizations with other groups or with states, or within one group. For example: Within a group:
The boundaries of which states are part of Transatlantic relations depends on the context. The term may be used as a euphemism to a specific bilateral relationship, for example, Anglo-American relations. The boundary could be drawn so as only to refer member states of the EU plus the US, when discussing Euro-American relations. In other circumstances it may include Canada, or non-EU countries in Europe. The term may also be used in the context of the wider Atlantic world including Africa and Latin America.
The early relationship between Europe and America was based on colonialism and mercantilism. The majority of modern states in the Americas can be traced back to colonial states that were founded by European nations, states that were very different from the pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures that had existed before.
Even after the United States (and later Canada) became independent, the main relationship between the two continents was one-way migration.
Politically the United States tried to keep a distance from European affairs, and Canada was subordinate to British foreign policy.
During the First World War however both North American states found themselves fighting in Europe and engrossed in European politics. President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points helped to redraw the map of Europe.
Although the Roosevelt administration wanted to enter the war against Germany, the vast majority of Americans were too isolationist and disillusioned at their experience in World War I to seek involvement in the World War II, at least until the U.S. was attacked by Japan at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and Adolf Hitler declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941. Once involved, the US became pivotal to the war effort and therefore European politics.
After the second war the United States and Canada both desired a permanent role in the defence of Europe, and European states wanted protection from the Soviet Union. The result was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, which became the lynchpin of Transatlantic relations during the Cold War.[1]
Atlanticism is a philosophy which advocates for close cooperation between North America and Europe.
Non-European countries
Transcontinental countries
Comparison of the two main Euro-Atlantic defence organisations
"If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory, the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power, in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. This shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States. [...]"
"The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them [on their territory] shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. [...]"
^. Archived from the original on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
External linksedit
Center for Transatlantic Relations Archived 2014-11-27 at the Portuguese Web Archive
Bibliographyedit
Jussi M. Hanhimaki, Benedikt Schoenborn and Barbara Zanchetta, "Transatlantic Relations since 1945. An Introduction", Routledge, London, 2012.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Transatlantic relations.
A stronger EU-US Partnership and a more open market for the 21st century[permanent dead link]
"The Invisible Pillar of Transatlantic Cooperation: Activating Untapped Science & Technology Assets," Science & Diplomacy
December 15, 2023
transatlantic, relations, this, article, about, wider, trans, atlantic, relations, bilateral, relations, united, states, european, union, relations, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citati. This article is about wider trans atlantic relations For US EU bilateral relations see United States European Union relations This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Transatlantic relations news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message Transatlantic relations refer to the historic cultural political economic and social relations between countries on both side of the Atlantic Ocean Sometimes it specifically means relationships between the Anglophone North American countries the United States and Canada and particular European countries or organizations although other meanings are possible Atlantic OceanThere are a number of issues over which the United States and Europe generally disagree Some of these are cultural such as the U S use of the death penalty some are international issues such as the Middle East peace process where the United States is often seen as pro Israel and where Europe is often seen as pro Arab or at least neutral and many others are trade related The current U S policies are often described as being unilateral in nature whereas the European Union and Canada are often said to take a more multilateral approach relying more on the United Nations and other international institutions to help solve issues There are many other issues upon which they agree 1 Contents 1 Definition 2 History 3 See also 4 References 5 External links 6 Bibliography 7 External linksDefinition edit nbsp One potential definition of transatlantic relations The United States in red Canada in green the European Union in blue Excluded from this definition are non EU states in Europe and all of Latin America and Africa nbsp It is proposed to create a Transatlantic Free Trade Area between the United States and European Union Map shows potential other members NAFTA EFTA and future EU members Transatlantic relations can refer to relations between individual states or to relations between groups of states or international organizations with other groups or with states or within one group For example Within a group Intra NATO relationse g Canada NATO relationsBetween groups EU North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA relations European Free Trade Area EFTA NAFTA relations Transatlantic Free Trade Area theoretical CARIFORUM European Commission Economic Partnership Agreements Between a group and a state Canada European Union relations United States European Union relations Canada EFTA Free Trade Agreement 2 3 Between states Germany United States relations Canada France relations etc See also Special Relationship and North Atlantic triangle By language and culture Commonwealth of Nations Community of Portuguese Language Countries Dutch Union La Francophonie Latin UnionThe boundaries of which states are part of Transatlantic relations depends on the context The term may be used as a euphemism to a specific bilateral relationship for example Anglo American relations The boundary could be drawn so as only to refer member states of the EU plus the US when discussing Euro American relations In other circumstances it may include Canada or non EU countries in Europe The term may also be used in the context of the wider Atlantic world including Africa and Latin America History editFurther information European colonization of the Americas Atlantic slave trade and Battle of the Atlantic nbsp The triangular trade in the North AtlanticThe early relationship between Europe and America was based on colonialism and mercantilism The majority of modern states in the Americas can be traced back to colonial states that were founded by European nations states that were very different from the pre Columbian civilizations and cultures that had existed before Even after the United States and later Canada became independent the main relationship between the two continents was one way migration Politically the United States tried to keep a distance from European affairs and Canada was subordinate to British foreign policy During the First World War however both North American states found themselves fighting in Europe and engrossed in European politics President Woodrow Wilson s Fourteen Points helped to redraw the map of Europe Although the Roosevelt administration wanted to enter the war against Germany the vast majority of Americans were too isolationist and disillusioned at their experience in World War I to seek involvement in the World War II at least until the U S was attacked by Japan at Pearl Harbor on December 7 1941 and Adolf Hitler declared war on the United States on December 11 1941 Once involved the US became pivotal to the war effort and therefore European politics Further information Atlantic Charter and Allies of WWII After the second war the United States and Canada both desired a permanent role in the defence of Europe and European states wanted protection from the Soviet Union The result was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization which became the lynchpin of Transatlantic relations during the Cold War 1 Atlanticism is a philosophy which advocates for close cooperation between North America and Europe Non European countries Transcontinental countries Comparison of the two main Euro Atlantic defence organisations nbsp European Union in respect of its defence arm the Common Security and Defence Policy nbsp NATOMutual defence clause Article 42 7 of the consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter This shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them on their territory shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that if such an armed attack occurs each of them in exercise of the right of individual or collective self defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith individually and in concert with the other Parties such action as it deems necessary including the use of armed force to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area Political strategic organisationHighest office High Representative HR VP Secretary GeneralPrincipal decision making body Foreign Affairs Council North Atlantic CouncilLiaison body European External Action Service International StaffSeat Kortenberg building Brussels Belgium nbsp NATO headquarters Brussels Belgium Military strategic organisationSupreme commander nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Director of the Military Planning and Conduct Capability nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Supreme Allied Commander EuropeHeadquarters nbsp Military Planning and Conduct Capability Brussels Belgium nbsp Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe Mons Belgium Chair of chiefs of defence assembly nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Chairman of the European Union Military Committee nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Chair of the NATO Military CommitteeChiefs of defence assembly nbsp European Union Military Committee nbsp NATO Military CommitteeAdvisory body nbsp European Union Military Staff nbsp International Military Staff Membership Permanent Structured Cooperation MembershipMember states of both the EU and NATO nbsp Belgium Founder Founder Founder nbsp Bulgaria 2007 Founder 2004 nbsp Croatia 2013 Founder 2009 nbsp Czech Republic 2004 Founder 1999 nbsp Denmark 1973 2023 Founder nbsp Estonia 2004 Founder 2004 nbsp Finland 1995 Founder 2023 nbsp France Founder Founder Founder nbsp Germany Founder Founder 1955 nbsp Greece 1981 Founder 1952 nbsp Hungary 2004 Founder 1999 nbsp Italy Founder Founder Founder nbsp Latvia 2004 Founder 2004 nbsp Lithuania 2004 Founder 2004 nbsp Luxembourg Founder Founder Founder nbsp Netherlands Founder Founder Founder nbsp Poland 2004 Founder 1999 nbsp Portugal 1986 Founder Founder nbsp Romania 2007 Founder 2004 nbsp Slovakia 2004 Founder 2004 nbsp Slovenia 2004 Founder 2004 nbsp Spain 1986 Founder 1982Non NATO EU member states nbsp Austria 1995 Founder Partnership for Peace nbsp Cyprus 2004 Founder No nbsp Ireland 1973 Founder Partnership for Peace nbsp Malta 2004 No Partnership for Peace nbsp Sweden 1995 Founder Accession protocol signedNon EU NATO member states nbsp Albania Candidate 2009 nbsp Iceland No Founder nbsp Montenegro Candidate 2017 nbsp North Macedonia Candidate 2020 nbsp Norway Defence Agency agreement Founder nbsp Turkey Accession negotiations suspended 1952 nbsp United Kingdom No FounderEuropean countries outside both the EU and NATO nbsp Andorra No No nbsp Armenia No Individual Partnership Action Plan nbsp Azerbaijan No Individual Partnership Action Plan nbsp Belarus No Partnership for Peace nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina Candidate Membership Action Plan nbsp Georgia Applicant Potential candidate Intensified Dialogue nbsp Kazakhstan No Individual Partnership Action Plan nbsp Kosovo Applicant Potential candidate No nbsp Liechtenstein No No nbsp Moldova Candidate Individual Partnership Action Plan nbsp Monaco No No nbsp Russia No Partnership for Peace nbsp San Marino No No nbsp Serbia Candidate Individual Partnership Action Plan nbsp Switzerland Defence Agency agreement Partnership for Peace nbsp Ukraine Candidate Intensified Dialogue nbsp Vatican City No NoNATO member states located in North America which are therefore ineligible for EU membership nbsp Canada Founder nbsp United States FounderMembers of NATO s Partnership for Peace located outside Europe which are therefore neither eligible for EU nor NATO membership nbsp Kyrgyzstan Partnership for Peace nbsp Tajikistan Partnership for Peace nbsp Turkmenistan Partnership for Peace nbsp Uzbekistan Partnership for PeaceSee also editAtlanticism Atlantic Community Atlantic Council Atlantic history United States European Union relations European Union NATO relations German Marshall Fund South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone Transatlantic Economic Council Transatlantic Free Trade Area TAFTA Canada European Union relations Canada NATO relations Western WorldReferences edit a b Portero Florentino May 29 2002 Las relaciones transatlanticas in Spanish Madrid Elcano Royal Institute Retrieved April 11 2021 EFTA Archived 2008 04 22 at the Wayback Machine Foreign Affairs Department Canada Archived from the original on 2011 05 20 Retrieved 2008 03 20 External links editCenter for Transatlantic Relations Archived 2014 11 27 at the Portuguese Web ArchiveBibliography editJussi M Hanhimaki Benedikt Schoenborn and Barbara Zanchetta Transatlantic Relations since 1945 An Introduction Routledge London 2012 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Transatlantic relations A stronger EU US Partnership and a more open market for the 21st century permanent dead link European Union Institute for Security Studies The Obama Moment European and American Perspectives Atlantic Council of the U S Transatlantic Cooperation Against Terrorism Atlantic Council publications on transatlantic economics security and politics The Invisible Pillar of Transatlantic Cooperation Activating Untapped Science amp Technology Assets Science amp Diplomacy R Nicholas Burns Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs called on the U S and Europe to embrace common purpose around an ambitious global agenda that would redefine its mission for the 21st Century Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Transatlantic relations amp oldid 1161786088, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
