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Wikipedia

Tom and Jerry

February 02, 2024

This article is about the animal cartoon series. For the titular characters, see Tom Cat and Jerry Mouse. For other uses, see Tom and Jerry (disambiguation).

Tom and Jerry is an American animated media franchise and series of comedy short films created in 1940 by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. Best known for its 161 theatrical short films by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the series centers on the rivalry between the titular characters of a cat named Tom and a mouse named Jerry. Many shorts also feature several recurring characters.

Tom and Jerry
Franchise logo since 1985
Created byWilliam Hanna
Joseph Barbera
Original workPuss Gets the Boot (1940)
OwnerTurner Entertainment
(Warner Bros.)
Years1940–present
Print publications
ComicsList of comics
Comic strip(s)List of comic strips
Films and television
Film(s)List of Tom and Jerry feature films
Short film(s)List of shorts (1940–1967, 2001–present)
Spike and Tyke (1957)
Animated seriesList of animated series
Television special(s)Tom and Jerry: Santa's Little Helpers (2014)
Theatrical presentations
Musical(s)Tom and Jerry: Purr-Chance to Dream (2019)
Games
Video game(s)List of video games
Audio
Soundtrack(s)Tom and Jerry & Tex Avery Too!

In its original run, Hanna and Barbera produced 114 Tom and Jerry shorts for MGM from 1940 to 1958.[1] During this time, they won seven Academy Awards for Best Animated Short Film, tying for first place with Walt Disney's Silly Symphonies with the most awards in the category. After the MGM cartoon studio closed in 1957, MGM revived the series with Gene Deitch directing an additional 13 Tom and Jerry shorts for Rembrandt Films from 1961 to 1962. Tom and Jerry then became the highest-grossing animated short film series of that time, overtaking Looney Tunes. Chuck Jones then produced another 34 shorts with Sib Tower 12 Productions between 1963 and 1967. Five more shorts have been produced since 2001, making a total of 166 shorts.

A number of spin-offs have been made, including the television series The Tom and Jerry Show (1975), The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show (1980–1982), Tom & Jerry Kids (1990–1993), Tom and Jerry Tales (2006–2008), and The Tom and Jerry Show (2014–2021). The first feature-length film based on the series, Tom and Jerry: The Movie, was released in 1992, and 13 direct-to-video films have been produced since 2002, with a live-action/animated hybrid film released in 2021. A musical adaptation of the series, titled Tom and Jerry: Purr-Chance to Dream, debuted in Japan in 2019 in advance of Tom and Jerry's 80th anniversary.

Plot

The series features comic fights between an iconic set of adversaries, a house cat (Tom) and a mouse (Jerry). The plots of each short usually center on Tom's numerous attempts to capture Jerry and the mayhem and destruction that follows. Tom rarely succeeds in catching Jerry, mainly because of Jerry's cleverness, cunning abilities, and luck. However, on several occasions, they have displayed genuine friendship and concern for each other's well-being. At other times, the pair set aside their rivalry in order to pursue a common goal, such as when a baby escapes the watch of a negligent babysitter, causing Tom and Jerry to pursue the baby and keep it away from danger, in the shorts Busy Buddies and Tot Watchers respectively. Despite their endless attacks on one another, they have saved each other's lives every time they were truly in danger, except in The Two Mouseketeers, which features an uncharacteristically morbid ending, and Blue Cat Blues, where both sit on a railroad track at the end after being jilted by girlfriends. The cartoon irises out with the whistle of an oncoming steam train.

The cartoons are known for some of the most violent cartoon gags ever devised in theatrical animation: Tom may use axes, hammers, firearms, firecrackers, explosives, traps and poison to kill Jerry. On the other hand, Jerry's methods of retaliation are far more violent, with frequent success, including slicing Tom in half, decapitating him, shutting his head or fingers in a window or a door, stuffing Tom's tail in a waffle iron or a mangle, kicking him into a refrigerator, getting him electrocuted, pounding him with a mace, club or mallet, letting a tree or electric pole drive him into the ground, sticking matches into his feet and lighting them, tying him to a firework and setting it off, and so on.[2] While Tom and Jerry has often been criticized as excessively violent, there is no blood or gore in any scene.[3]: 42 [4]: 134 

Music plays a very important part in the shorts, emphasizing the action, filling in for traditional sound effects, and lending emotion to the scenes. Musical director Scott Bradley created complex scores that combined elements of jazz, classical, and pop music; Bradley also often used contemporary pop songs and songs from other films, including MGM films like The Wizard of Oz and Meet Me in St. Louis, which both starred Judy Garland in a leading role.

Generally, there is little dialogue as Tom and Jerry almost never speak; however, minor characters are not similarly limited, and the two lead characters do speak English on rare occasions. For example, the character Mammy Two Shoes has lines in nearly every cartoon in which she appears. Most of the vocal effects used for Tom and Jerry are their high-pitched laughs and gasping screams.

Characters

Main article: List of Tom and Jerry characters

Tom and Jerry

Main articles: Tom Cat and Jerry Mouse

Tom (named "Jasper" in his debut appearance) is a gray and white domestic shorthair cat. ("Tom" is a generic name for a male cat.) He is usually but not always, portrayed as living a comfortable, or even pampered life, while Jerry (whose name is not explicitly mentioned in his debut appearance) is a small, brown house mouse who always lives in close proximity to Tom. Despite being very energetic, determined and much larger, Tom is no match for Jerry's wits. Jerry also possesses surprising strength for his size, approximately the equivalent of Tom's, lifting items such as anvils with relative ease and withstanding considerable impacts. Although cats typically chase mice to eat them, it is quite rare for Tom to actually try to eat Jerry, but only to hurt or compete with him as usual in a more intimidating strategy to just taunt Jerry (even as revenge), and even to obtain a reward from a human (including his owner(s)/master(s)) for catching Jerry, or for generally doing his job greatly as a house cat. By the final "fade-out" of each cartoon, Jerry usually gets the best of Tom.

However, other results may be reached. On rare occasions, Tom triumphs, usually when Jerry becomes the aggressor or he pushes Tom a little too far. In The Million Dollar Cat Jerry learns that Tom will lose his newly acquired wealth if he harms any animal, especially mice; he then torments Tom a little too much until he retaliates. In Timid Tabby Tom's look-alike cousin pushes Jerry over the edge. Occasionally and usually ironically, they both lose, usually because Jerry's last trap or attack on Tom backfires on him or he overlooks something. In Chuck Jones' Filet Meow, Jerry orders a shark from the pet store to scare Tom away from eating a goldfish. Afterward, the shark scares Jerry away as well. Finally, they occasionally end up being friends, although, within this set of stories, there is often a last-minute event that ruins the truce. One cartoon that has a friendly ending is Snowbody Loves Me.

Both characters display sadistic tendencies, in that they are equally likely to take pleasure in tormenting each other, although it is often in response to a triggering event. However, when one character appears to truly be in mortal danger from an unplanned situation or due to actions by a third party, the other will develop a conscience and save him. Occasionally, they bond over a mutual sentiment towards an unpleasant experience and their attacking each other is more play than serious attacks. Multiple shorts show the two getting along with minimal difficulty, and they are more than capable of working together when the situation calls for it, usually against a third party who manages to torture and humiliate them both. Sometimes this partnership is forgotten quickly when an unexpected event happens, or when one character feels that the other is no longer necessary. This is the case in Posse Cat, when they agree that Jerry will allow himself to be caught if Tom agrees to share his reward dinner, but Tom then reneges. Other times, however, Tom does keep his promise to Jerry and the partnerships are not quickly dissolved after the problem is solved.

Tom changes his love interest many times. The first love interest is Toots who appears in Puss n' Toots, and calls him "Tommy" in The Mouse Comes to Dinner. He is also interested in a cat called Toots in The Zoot Cat although she has a different appearance to the original Toots. The most frequent love interest of Tom's is Toodles Galore, who never has any dialogue in the cartoons.

Despite five shorts ending with a depiction of Tom's apparent death, his demise is never permanent; he even reads about his own death in a flashback in Jerry's Diary. He appears to die in explosions in Mouse Trouble (after which he is seen in heaven), Yankee Doodle Mouse and in Safety Second, while in The Two Mouseketeers he is guillotined offscreen. The short Blue Cat Blues ends with both Tom and Jerry sitting on the railroad tracks with the intent of suicide while the whistle of an oncoming train is heard foreshadowing their imminent death.

Tom and Jerry speaking

Although many supporting and minor characters speak, Tom and Jerry rarely do so themselves. One exception is The Lonesome Mouse where they speak several times briefly, primarily Jerry, to contrive to get Tom back into the house. Tom more often sings while wooing female cats; for example, Tom sings Louis Jordan's "Is You Is or Is You Ain't My Baby" in the 1946 short Solid Serenade. In that short and Zoot Cat, Tom woos female cats using a deep, heavily French-accented voice in imitation of then-popular leading man, actor Charles Boyer. At the end of The Million Dollar Cat, after beginning to antagonize Jerry he says, "Gee, I'm throwin' away a million dollars... BUT I'M HAPPY!" In Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring, Jerry says, "No, no, no, no, no." when choosing the shop to remove his ring. In The Mouse Comes to Dinner, Tom speaks to his girlfriend Toots while inadvertently sitting on a stove: "Say, what's cookin'?", to which Toots replies "You are, stupid." Another instance of speech comes in Solid Serenade and The Framed Cat, where Tom directs Spike through a few dog tricks in a dog-trainer manner. In Puss Gets the Boot, Jerry prays for his life when Tom catches him by the tail. Jerry has also whispered in Tom's ear on several occasions. In Love Me, Love My Mouse, Jerry calls Toots "Mama".

Co-director William Hanna provided most of the squeaks, gasps, and other vocal effects for the pair, including the most famous sound effects from the series, Tom's leather-lunged scream (created by recording Hanna's scream and eliminating the beginning and ending of the recording, leaving only the strongest part of the scream on the soundtrack) and Jerry's nervous gulp.

The only other reasonably common vocalization is made by Tom when some external reference claims a certain scenario or eventuality to be impossible, which inevitably, ironically happens to thwart Tom's plans – at which point, a bedraggled and battered Tom appears and says in a haunting, echoing voice "Don't you believe it!", a reference to the then-popular 1940s radio show Don't You Believe It![5][6] In Mouse Trouble, Tom says "Don't you believe it!" after being beaten up by Jerry, which also happens in The Missing Mouse. In the 1946 short Trap Happy, Tom hires a cat disguised as a mouse exterminator who, after several failed attempts to dispatch Jerry and suffering a lot of accidents in the process, changes profession to Cat exterminator by crossing out the "Mouse" on his title and writing "CAT", resulting in Tom spelling out the word out loud before reluctantly pointing at himself. One short, 1956's Blue Cat Blues, is narrated by Jerry in voiceover (voiced by Paul Frees) as they try to win back their ladyfriends. Jerry was voiced by Sara Berner during his appearance in the 1945 MGM musical Anchors Aweigh. Tom and Jerry: The Movie is the first (and so far only) installment of the series where the famous cat-and-mouse duo regularly speaks or is able to be understood by humans. In that film, Tom was voiced by Richard Kind, and Jerry was voiced by Dana Hill.

Spike and Tyke

Main article: Spike and Tyke (characters)

In his attempts to catch Jerry, Tom often has to deal with Spike (known as "Killer" and "Butch" in some shorts), an angry, vicious but easily duped bulldog who tries to attack Tom for bothering him or his son Tyke while trying to get Jerry. Originally, Spike was unnamed and mute (aside from howls and biting noises) as well as attacking indiscriminately, not caring whether it was Tom or Jerry though usually attacking Tom. In later cartoons, Spike spoke often, using a voice and expressions (performed by Billy Bletcher and later Daws Butler) modeled after comedian Jimmy Durante. Spike's coat has altered throughout the years between gray and creamy tan. The addition of Spike's son Tyke in the late 1940s led to both a slight softening of Spike's character and a short-lived spin-off theatrical series (Spike and Tyke).

Most cartoons with Spike in them conform to a theme: usually, Spike is trying to accomplish something (such as building a dog house or sleeping) when Tom and Jerry's antics stop him doing it. Spike then (presumably due to prejudice) singles out Tom as the culprit, and threatens him that if it ever happens again, he will do "something horrible" to him (effectively forcing Tom to take the blame) while Jerry overhears; afterward, Jerry usually does anything he can to interrupt whatever Spike is doing while Tom barely manages to stop him (usually getting injured in the process). Usually, Jerry does eventually wreck whatever Spike is doing in spectacular fashion and leaves Tom to take the blame, forcing him to flee from Spike and inevitably lose (usually because Tom is usually framed by Jerry and that Spike just dislikes Tom). Off-screen, Spike does something to Tom and finally, Tom is generally shown injured or in a bad situation while Jerry smugly cuddles up to Spike unscathed. Tom sometimes gets irritated with Spike (an example is in That's My Pup!, when Spike forces Tom to run up a tree every time his son barked, causing Tom to hang Tyke on a flag pole). At least once, however, Tom does something that benefits Spike, who promises not to interfere ever again; causing Jerry to frantically leave the house and run into the distance (in Hic-cup Pup). Spike is well known for his famous "Listen pussycat!" catchphrase when he threatens Tom, his other famous catchphrase is "That's my boy!" normally said when he supports or congratulates his son.

Tyke is described as a cute, sweet-looking, happy and lovable puppy. He is Spike's son; but unlike Spike, Tyke does not speak and only communicates (mostly towards his father) by barking, yapping, wagging his tail, whimpering and growling. Spike would always go out of his way to care and comfort his son and make sure that he is safe from Tom. Tyke loves his father and Spike loves his son and they get along like friends, although most of time they would be taking a nap or Spike would teach Tyke the main facts of life of being a dog. Like Spike, Tyke's appearance has altered throughout the years, from gray (with white paws) to creamy tan. When Tom & Jerry Kids first aired, this was the first time that viewers could hear Tyke speak.

Butch and Toodles Galore

Butch is a black, cigar-smoking alley cat who also wants to eat Jerry. He is Tom's most frequent adversary. However, for most of the shorts he appears in, he is usually seen rivaling Tom over Toodles. Butch was also Tom's chum as in some cartoons, where Butch is leader of Tom's alley cat buddies, who are mostly Lightning, Topsy, and Meathead. Butch talks more often than Tom or Jerry in most shorts.

Butch and Toodles were originally introduced in Hugh Harman's 1941 short The Alley Cat, but were integrated into Tom and Jerry rather than continuing in their own series.

Nibbles

Main article: Nibbles (Tom and Jerry)

Nibbles is a small gray mouse who often appears in shorts as an orphan mouse. He is a carefree individual who very rarely understands the danger of the situation, simply following instructions the best he can both to Jerry's command and his own innocent understanding of the situation. This can lead to such results as "getting the cheese" by simply asking Tom to pick it up for him, rather than following Jerry's example of outmaneuvering and sneaking around Tom. Many times Nibbles is an ally of Jerry in fights against Tom, including being the second Mouseketeer. He is given speaking roles in all his appearances as a Mouseketeer, often with a high-pitched French tone. However, during a short in which he rescued Robin Hood, his voice was instead more masculine, gruff, and cockney accented.

Mammy Two Shoes

Main article: Mammy Two Shoes

Mammy Two Shoes is a heavy-set, middle-aged black woman who often has to deal with the mayhem generated by the lead characters. Voiced by character actress Lillian Randolph, she is often seen as the owner of Tom. Her face was only shown once, very briefly, in Saturday Evening Puss. Mammy's appearances have often been edited out, dubbed, or re-animated as a slim white woman in later television showings, since her character is a mammy archetype that had been protested as racist by the NAACP and other civil rights groups since the 1940s.[7][8] She was mostly restored in the DVD releases of the cartoons, with an introduction by Whoopi Goldberg on the Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection: Vol. 2 DVD set explaining the importance of African-American representation in the cartoon series, however stereotyped.

History

"Tom and Jerry" was a commonplace phrase for young men given to drinking, gambling, and riotous living in 19th-century London, England. The term comes from Life in London; or, The Day and Night Scenes of Jerry Hawthorn, Esq., and his elegant friend, Corinthian Tom (1821) by Pierce Egan, the British sports journalist who also authored similar accounts compiled as Boxiana.[9] However Brewer notes no more than an "unconscious" echo of the Regency era (and thus Georgian era) original in the naming of the cartoon.[10]

Hanna-Barbera era (1940–1958)

In August 1937, animator and storyman Joseph Barbera began to work at MGM, then the largest studio in Hollywood.[11][12] He learned that co-owner Louis B. Mayer wished to boost the animation department by encouraging the artists to develop some new cartoon characters, following the lack of success with its earlier cartoon series based on the Captain and the Kids comic strip. Barbera then teamed with fellow Ising unit animator and director William Hanna, who joined Harman-Ising Productions in 1930, and pitched new ideas, among them was the concept of two "equal characters who were always in conflict with each other".[12] An early thought involved a fox and a dog before they settled on a cat and mouse. The pair discussed their ideas with producer Fred Quimby, then the head of the short film department who, despite a lack of interest in it, gave them the green-light to produce one cartoon short.[12]

The first short, Puss Gets the Boot, features a cat named Jasper and an unnamed mouse,[13] named Jinx in pre-production, and an African American housemaid named Mammy Two Shoes. Leonard Maltin described it as "very new and special [...] that was to change the course of MGM cartoon production" and established the successful Tom and Jerry formula of comical cat and mouse chases with slapstick gags.[14][12] It was released onto the theatre circuit on February 10, 1940, and the pair, having been advised by management not to produce any more, focused on other cartoons including Gallopin' Gals (1940) and Officer Pooch (1941).[12] Matters changed, however, when Texas businesswoman Bessa Short sent a letter to MGM asking whether more cat and mouse shorts would be produced, which helped convince management to commission a series.[15][11] A studio contest held to rename both characters was won by animator John Carr, who suggested Tom the cat and Jerry the mouse. Carr was awarded a first-place prize of $50.[16] It has been suggested, but not proven, that the names were derived from a 1932 story by Damon Runyon, who took them from the name of a popular Christmastime cocktail, itself derived from the names of two characters in an 1821 stage play by William Moncrieff, an adaptation of 1821 Egan's book titled Life in London where the names originated, which was based on George Cruikshank's, Isaac Robert Cruikshank's, and Egan's own careers.[17] Puss Gets the Boot was a critical success, earning an Academy Award nomination for Best Short Subject: Cartoons in 1941 despite the credits listing Ising and omitting Hanna and Barbera.[14][12]

After MGM gave the green-light for Hanna and Barbera to continue, the studio entered production on the second Tom and Jerry cartoon, The Midnight Snack (1941).[13] The pair would continue to work on the series for the next fifteen years of their career.[18] The composer of the series, Scott Bradley, made it difficult for the musicians to perform his score which often involved the twelve-tone technique developed by Arnold Schoenberg.[13] The series developed a quicker, more energetic and violent tone which was inspired by the work of MGM colleague Tex Avery. Hanna and Barbera made minor adjustments to Tom and Jerry's appearance so they would "age gracefully".[13] Jerry went on to lose weight and his long eyelashes, while Tom lost his jagged fur for a smoother appearance, had larger eyebrows, and received a white and gray face with a white mouth.[13] He adopted a quadrupedal stance at first, like a real cat, to become increasingly and almost exclusively bipedal.

Hanna and Barbera produced 114 cartoons for MGM, thirteen of which were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Short Subject and seven went on to win, breaking the winning streak held by Walt Disney's studio in the category. Tom and Jerry won more Academy Awards than any other character-based theatrical animated series. Barbera estimated the typical budget of $50,000 for each Tom and Jerry cartoon which made the duo take "time to get it right".[12] A typical cartoon took around six weeks to make.[13]

As per standard practice for American animation production at the time, Barbera and Hanna did not work with a script beforehand.[11] After coming up with a cartoon idea together, Barbera would flesh out the story by drawing a storyboard and provide character designs and animation layouts.[19] Hanna did the animation timing - planning the music and temporal beats and accents the animation action would occur on - and subsequently assigned the animators their scenes and supervised their work.[19] In addition, Hanna provided incidental voice work, in particular Tom's numerous screams of pain.[19] Despite minimal creative input,[19] as head of the MGM cartoon studio, Quimby was credited as the producer of all cartoons until 1955.[13]

The rise in television in the 1950s caused problems for the MGM animation studio, leading to budget cuts on Tom and Jerry cartoons due to decreased revenue from theatrical screenings. In an attempt to combat this, MGM ordered that all subsequent shorts be produced in the widescreen CinemaScope format; the first, Pet Peeve, was released in November 1954. However, the studio found that re-releases of older cartoons were earning as much as new ones, resulting in the executive decision to cease production on Tom and Jerry and later the animation studio on May 15, 1957.[11] The final cartoon produced by Hanna and Barbera, Tot Watchers, was released on August 1, 1958.[13] The pair decided to leave and went on to focus on their own production company Hanna-Barbera Productions, which went on to produce such popular animated television series including The Flintstones, Yogi Bear, The Jetsons and Scooby-Doo.[13]

Production formats

Before 1954, all Tom and Jerry cartoons were produced in the standard Academy ratio and format; in 1954 and 1955, some of the output was dually produced in dual versions: one Academy-ratio negative composed for a flat widescreen (1.75:1) format and one shot in the CinemaScope process. From 1955 until the close of the MGM cartoon studio a year later, all Tom and Jerry cartoons were produced in CinemaScope; some even had their soundtracks recorded in Perspecta directional audio. All of the Hanna and Barbera cartoons were shot as successive color exposure negatives in Technicolor.

Gene Deitch era (1961–1962)

In 1961, MGM revived the Tom and Jerry franchise, and contracted European animation studio Rembrandt Films to produce 13 Tom and Jerry shorts in Prague, Czechoslovakia.[20][21][22][23] All were directed by Gene Deitch and produced by William L. Snyder.[20][23] Deitch himself wrote most of the cartoons, with occasional assistance from Larz Bourne and Eli Bauer. Štěpán Koníček provided the musical score for the Deitch shorts. Sound effects were produced by electronic music composer Tod Dockstader and Deitch. The majority of vocal effects and voices in Deitch's films were provided by Allen Swift and Deitch.[24]

Deitch states that, being a "UPA man", he was not a fan of the Tom and Jerry cartoons, thinking they were "needlessly violent".[25][26] However, after being assigned to work on the series, he quickly realized that "nobody took [the violence] seriously", and it was merely "a parody of exaggerated human emotions".[25] He also came to see what he perceived as the "biblical roots" in Tom and Jerry's conflict, similar to David and Goliath, stating "That's where we feel a connection to these cartoons: the little guy can win (or at least survive) to fight another day."[25]

Since the Deitch/Snyder team had seen only a handful of the original Tom and Jerry shorts, and since the team produced their cartoons on a tighter budget of $10,000, the resulting films were considered surrealist in nature, though this was not Deitch's intention.[21][26] The animation was limited and jerky in movement compared to the more fluid Hanna-Barbera shorts, and often utilized motion blur. Background art was done in a more simplistic, angular, Art Deco-esque style. The soundtracks featured sparse and echoic electronic music, futuristic sound effects, heavy reverb and dialogue that was mumbled rather than spoken. According to Jen Nessel of The New York Times, "The Czech style had nothing in common with these gag-driven cartoons."[27]

Whereas Hanna-Barbera's shorts generally took place in and outside of a house, Deitch's shorts opted for more exotic locations, such as a 19th-century whaling ship, the jungles of Nairobi, an Ancient Greek acropolis, or the Wild West. In addition, Mammy Two-Shoes was replaced as Tom's owner by a bald, overweight, short-tempered, middle-aged white man, who bore a striking resemblance to another Deitch character, Clint Clobber. Just like Spike the Bulldog, he was also significantly more brutal and violent in punishing Tom's actions as compared to previous owners, often beating and thrashing Tom repeatedly; the character and his extreme treatment of Tom was poorly received.

To avoid being linked to Communism, Deitch romanized the Czech names of his crew in the opening credits of the shorts (e.g. Štěpán Koníček became "Steven Konichek" and Václav Lídl became "Victor Little"). In addition, these shorts are among the few Tom and Jerry cartoons not to carry the "Made In Hollywood, U.S.A." phrase on the end title card; due to Deitch's studio being behind the Iron Curtain, the production studio's location is omitted entirely on it.[26] After the 13 shorts were completed, Joe Vogel, the head of production, was fired from MGM. Vogel had approved of Deitch and his team's work, but MGM decided not to renew their contract after Vogel's departure.[26] The final of the 13 shorts, Carmen Get It!, was released on December 21, 1962.[21]

Deitch's shorts were commercial successes. In 1962, the Tom and Jerry series became the highest-grossing animated short film series of that time, dethroning Looney Tunes, which had held the position for 16 years.[28][23] However, unlike the Hanna-Barbera shorts, none of Deitch's films were nominated for nor did they win an Academy Award.[23] In retrospect, these shorts are often considered the worst of the Tom and Jerry theatrical output.[25] Deitch stated that due to his team's inexperience as well as their low budget, he "hardly had a chance to succeed", and "well understand[s] the negative reactions" to his shorts. He believes "They could all have been better animated – truer to the characters – but our T&Js were produced in the early 1960s, near the beginning of my presence here, over a half-century ago as I write this!"[29] Despite the criticism, Deitch's Tom and Jerry shorts are appreciated by some fans due to their uniquely surreal nature.[30] The shorts were released on DVD in 2015 in "Tom and Jerry: The Gene Deitch Collection".

Production formats

The 1960s entries were done in Metrocolor but returned to the standard Academy ratio and format.

Chuck Jones era (1963–1967)

After the last of the Deitch cartoons were released, Chuck Jones, who had been fired from his 30-plus year tenure at Warner Bros. Cartoons, started his own animation studio, Sib Tower 12 Productions (later renamed MGM Animation/Visual Arts), with partner Les Goldman. Beginning in 1963, Jones and Goldman went on to produce 34 more Tom and Jerry shorts, all of which carried Jones' distinctive style (and a slight psychedelic influence).

Jones had trouble adapting his style to Tom and Jerry's brand of humor, and a number of the cartoons favored full animation, personality and style over storyline. The characters underwent a slight change of appearance: Tom was given thicker eyebrows (resembling Jones' Grinch, Count Blood Count or Wile E. Coyote), a less complex look (including the color of his fur becoming gray), sharper ears, longer tail and furrier cheeks (resembling Jones' Claude Cat or Sylvester), while Jerry was given larger eyes and ears, a lighter brown color, and a sweeter, Porky Pig-like expression.[31]

Some of Jones' Tom and Jerry cartoons are reminiscent of his work with Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner, included the uses of blackout gags and gags involving characters falling from high places. Jones co-directed the majority of the shorts with layout artist Maurice Noble. The remaining shorts were directed by Abe Levitow and Ben Washam, with Tom Ray directing two shorts built around footage from earlier Tom and Jerry cartoons directed by Hanna and Barbera, and Jim Pabian directed a short with Maurice Noble. Various vocal characteristics were made by Mel Blanc, June Foray and even Jones himself. These shorts contain a memorable opening theme, in which Tom first replaces the MGM lion, then is trapped inside the "O" of his name.[32]

Though Jones's shorts were generally considered an improvement over Deitch's, they nevertheless had varying degrees of critical success. MGM ceased production of Tom and Jerry shorts in 1967, by which time Jones had moved on to television specials and the feature film The Phantom Tollbooth.[32] The shorts were released on DVD in 2009 on Tom and Jerry: The Chuck Jones Collection.

Tom and Jerry hit television

Beginning in 1965, the Hanna and Barbera Tom and Jerry cartoons began to appear on television in heavily edited versions. The Jones team was required to take the cartoons featuring Mammy Two Shoes and remove her by pasting over the scenes featuring her with new scenes. Most of the time, she was replaced with a similarly fat white Irish woman; occasionally, as in Saturday Evening Puss, a thin white teenager took her place instead, with both characters voiced by June Foray. However, recent telecasts on Cartoon Network and Boomerang retain Mammy with new voiceover work performed by Thea Vidale to remove the stereotypical black jargon featured on the original cartoon soundtracks. The standard Tom and Jerry opening titles were removed as well. Instead of the roaring MGM Lion sequence, an opening sequence featuring different clips of the cartoons was used instead. The title cards were also changed. A pink title card with the name written in white font was used instead.

Debuting on CBS' Saturday morning schedule on September 25, 1965, Tom and Jerry moved to CBS Sundays two years later and remained there until September 17, 1972.

Second Hanna-Barbera era: The Tom and Jerry Show (1975–1977)

In 1975, Tom and Jerry were reunited with Hanna and Barbera, who produced The Tom and Jerry Show for Saturday mornings. These 48 seven-minute cartoon shorts were paired with Grape Ape and Mumbly cartoons, to create The Tom and Jerry/Grape Ape Show, The Tom and Jerry/Grape Ape/Mumbly Show, and The Tom and Jerry/Mumbly Show, all of which initially ran on ABC Saturday mornings between September 6, 1975, and September 3, 1977.[33] In these cartoons, Tom and Jerry (now with a red bow tie), who had been enemies during their formative years, became nonviolent pals who went on adventures together, as Hanna-Barbera had to meet the stringent rules against violence for children's TV. This format has not been used in newer Tom and Jerry entrees.[32]

Filmation era (1980–1982)

Filmation Studios were commissioned by MGM Television to produce a Tom and Jerry TV series, The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show, which debuted in 1980 and also featured new cartoons starring Droopy, Spike, Slick Wolf, and Barney Bear, not seen since the original MGM shorts. The Filmation Tom and Jerry cartoons were noticeably different from Hanna-Barbera's efforts, as they returned Tom and Jerry to the original chase formula, with a somewhat more "slapstick" humor format. This incarnation, much like the 1975 version, was not as well received by audiences as the originals, and lasted on CBS Saturday mornings from September 6, 1980, to September 4, 1982.[32]

Tom and Jerry's new owners

In 1986, MGM was purchased by WTBS founder Ted Turner. Turner sold the company a short while later, but retained MGM's pre-1986 film library, thus Tom and Jerry became the property of Turner Entertainment Co. (where the rights stand today via Warner Bros.), and have in subsequent years appeared on Turner-run stations, such as TBS, TNT, Cartoon Network, The WB, Boomerang, and Turner Classic Movies.

Third Hanna-Barbera era: Tom & Jerry Kids (1990–1994)

One of the biggest trends for Saturday morning television in the 1980s and 1990s was the "babyfication" (child versions) of classic cartoon stars, and on March 2, 1990, Tom & Jerry Kids, co-produced by Turner Entertainment Co. and Hanna-Barbera Productions (which would be sold to Turner in 1991), debuted on Fox Kids, and also aired for a few years on British children's block, CBBC. It featured a youthful version of the famous cat-and-mouse duo chasing each other. As with the 1975 H-B series, Jerry wears his red bowtie, while Tom now wears a red cap. Spike and his son Tyke (who now had talking dialogue), and Droopy and his son Dripple, appeared in back-up segments for the show, which ran until November 18, 1994. Tom & Jerry Kids was the last Tom and Jerry cartoon series produced in 4:3 (full screen) aspect ratio.

One-off productions (2001; 2005)

In 2001, a new television special titled Tom and Jerry: The Mansion Cat premiered on Boomerang. It featured Joe Barbera (who was also a creative consultant) as the voice of Tom's owner, whose face is never seen. In this cartoon, Jerry, housed in a habitrail, is as much of a house pet as Tom is, and their owner has to remind Tom to not "blame everything on the mouse".

In 2005, a new Tom and Jerry theatrical short, titled The Karate Guard, which had been written and directed by Barbera and Spike Brandt, storyboarded by Joseph Barbera and Iwao Takamoto and produced by Joseph Barbera, Spike Brandt, and Tony Cervone premiered in Los Angeles cinemas on September 27, 2005, as part of the celebration of Tom and Jerry's sixty-fifth anniversary. This marked Barbera's first return as a writer, director and storyboard artist on the series since his and Hanna's original MGM cartoon shorts, and last overall; he would die shortly after production ended. Director/animator, Spike Brandt was nominated for an Annie award for best character animation. The short debuted on Cartoon Network on January 27, 2006. The short was filmed in the standard Academy ratio and format.

Warner Bros. era (2006–present)

In 1996, Turner merged with Time Warner, the parent company of Warner Bros. The characters from the MGM library, including Tom and Jerry, were placed under the control of Warner Bros. Animation. A relaunch of the theatrical shorts series was planned for 2003 alongside a similar relaunch of the Looney Tunes theatrical shorts, but was canceled after the financial failure of Looney Tunes: Back in Action.

In 2006, a new series called Tom and Jerry Tales premiered. Thirteen half-hour episodes each consisting of three shorts were produced. Some of the segments, like The Karate Guard, had originally been produced and completed in 2003 as part of the planned theatrical cartoon relaunch. The show debuted in markets outside the US and UK, before premiering in February 2006 on the UK version of Boomerang, and the following autumn in the US on Kids' WB on The CW.[34] Tales is the first Tom and Jerry TV series that utilizes the original style of the classic shorts, along with the slapstick. Tales is also the first Tom and Jerry production produced in 16:9 widescreen aspect ratio but was cropped to 4:3 fullscreen aspect ratio when initially aired on in the United States. The series was canceled in 2008, shortly before the Kids' WB block shut down.

Cartoon Network, which began rerunning Tom and Jerry Tales in January 2012, subsequently launched a series titled The Tom and Jerry Show consisting of two 11-minute shorts (later being produced as separate 7-minutes length episodes) per episode that likewise sought to maintain the look, core characters and sensibility of the original theatrical shorts. Similar to other reboot works like Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated and New Looney Tunes, several episodes the new series brought Tom and Jerry into contemporary environments, telling new stories and relocating the characters to more fantastic worlds, from a medieval castle to a mad scientist's lab. The series was produced by Warner Bros. Animation, with Sam Register serving as executive producer in collaboration with Darrell Van Citters and Ashley Postelwaite at Renegade Animation. Originally slated for a 2013 Cartoon Network premiere,[35] the series was pushed back to April 9, 2014. It is the second Tom and Jerry production presented in 16:9 widescreen aspect ratio.[36]

In November 2014, a two-minute sketch was shown as part of the Children in Need telethon in the United Kingdom, the sketch was produced as a collaboration with Warner Bros.[37]

In May 2016, WB Kids began releasing excerpts from various Tom and Jerry works to the online platform YouTube.[38][39][40] By January 2017, compilation videos of the Tom and Jerry franchise began to be released by WB Kids on the platform.[41][42][43]

On February 20, 2021, Warner Bros. released two new shorts onto HBO Max titled Tom and Jerry Special Shorts to honor the 81st anniversary of Tom and Jerry, as well as to promote the 2021 film. These shorts share the style of the other HBO Max original Looney Tunes Cartoons, also produced by Warner Bros. Animation.[44][45][46][better source needed]

A new Tom and Jerry series made its debut on July 1, 2021 as a Max Original on HBO Max, called Tom and Jerry in New York, which basically served as a spin-off of The Tom and Jerry Show by having the exact same animation style and slapstick, except that (as the title implies) the events take place in the city of New York City. It was also loosely based on the 2021 film, as the humans in the series were shown with the faces intact.

On November 11, 2022, Cartoon Network in Japan premiered a new series of animated shorts, Tom and Jerry (Japanese: とむとじぇりー, romanized: Tomu to Jerī[a]), marking the first Japanese production based on the property.[47][48] Featuring the voices of Megumi Aratake (as Tom), Aya Yonekura (as Jerry) and Eri Tanaka (as Tuffy), the shorts were animated by Fanworks in co-operation with Studio Nanahoshi, while Ayu handled the character design and Captain Mirai composed the musical scores.[49] The November 11, 2022 premiere coincided with Cartoon Network's celebration of Cheese Day, which is organized by cheese industry in Japan.[47][48]

On July 25, 2023, the Southeast Asian version of Tom and Jerry animated shorts was announced, to be presented on Cartoon Network Asia alongside HBO Asia streaming platform HBO GO before it was aired globally. The animated shorts, which was set in Singapore, was produced by Warner Bros. Discovery Asia-Pacific Carlene Tan, with animation by Aum Animation Studios India alongside Singapore-based Robot Playground Media and Chips and Toon Studios for both the stories and designs.[50]

Outside the United States

When shown on terrestrial television in the United Kingdom (from April 1967 to February 2001, usually on the BBC) Tom and Jerry cartoons were not edited for violence, and Mammy was retained. As well as having regular slots (mainly after the evening BBC News with around two shorts shown every evening and occasionally shown on children's network CBBC in the morning), Tom and Jerry served the BBC in another way. When faced with disruption to the schedules (for example when live broadcasts overran), the BBC would invariably turn to Tom and Jerry to fill any gaps, confident that it would retain much of an audience that might otherwise channel hop. This proved particularly helpful in 1993, when Noel's House Party had to be cancelled due to an IRA bomb scare at BBC Television Centre; Tom and Jerry was shown instead, bridging the gap until the next programme.[51] In 2006, a mother complained to Ofcom about the smoking shown in the cartoons, since Tom often attempts to impress love interests with the habit, resulting in reports that the smoking scenes in Tom and Jerry films may be subject to censorship.[52]

Due to its very limited use of dialogue, Tom and Jerry was easily translated into various foreign languages. Tom and Jerry began broadcast in Japan in 1965. A 2005 nationwide survey taken in Japan by TV Asahi, sampling age groups from teenagers to adults in their sixties, ranked Tom and Jerry No. 85 in a list of the top 100 "anime" of all time; while their web poll taken after the airing of the list ranked it at No. 58 – the only non-Japanese animation on the list, and beating anime classics like Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle, A Little Princess Sara, and the ultra-classics Macross and Ghost in the Shell. (In Japan, the word "anime" refers to all animation regardless of origin, not just Japanese animation.)[53] Tom and Jerry also serve as long-time licensed mascots for Gifu-based Juroku Bank. Unlike some other Western cartoons such as Bob the Builder, whose characters had to be doctored to have five fingers in each hand instead of the original four,[54] Tom and Jerry aired in Japan without such edits, as did other series starring non-human protagonists such as SpongeBob SquarePants.

Tom and Jerry have long since been popular in Germany. The different shorts are usually linked together with key scenes from Jerry's Diary (1949), in which Tom reads about his and Jerry's past adventures. The cartoons are introduced with rhyming German language verse, and when necessary, a German voice spoke the translations of English labels on items and similar information.

The show was aired in mainland China by CCTV in the mid-1980s to the early 1990s and was extremely popular at the time. Collections of the show are still a prominent feature in Chinese book stores.

In the Philippines, the series was aired on ABS-CBN from 1966 until its closure due to the country's declaration of martial law in 1972, with the later Hanna-Barbera shorts from Barbecue Brawl to Tot Watchers and all of Gene Deitch and Chuck Jones shorts. RPN aired most of Hanna-Barbera shorts from 1977 until 1989. ABS-CBN would later return to the air after the restoration of democracy in 1986 and air the same shorts as in the pre-martial law era. This lasted until the end of 1988.

In Indonesia, the series was aired on TPI (later re-branded as MNCTV) from the mid-1990s to early 2010s and RCTI during 2000s.

Even though Gene Deitch's shorts were created in Czechoslovakia (1960–1962), the first official TV release of Tom and Jerry were in 1988. It was one of the few cartoons of western origin broadcast in Czechoslovakia (1988) and Romania (until 1989) before the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989.

The Pakistani ice cream brand Omoré has launched a chocolate bar ice cream based on the show.[55]

Feature films

See also: List of Tom and Jerry feature films

Tom and Jerry's first feature film appearance was in the 1945 MGM musical Anchors Aweigh, in which Jerry performs a dance number with Gene Kelly. In this scene, Tom also made a cameo as a servant. Filmmakers had wanted Mickey Mouse for the scene, but Walt Disney had rejected the deal, as the Disney studio was focusing on its own cartoons to help pay off its debts after World War II.[56] William Hanna and Joe Barbera supervised animation for the scene.

Tom and Jerry's second feature film appearance was swimming with Esther Williams in a dream sequence in another MGM musical, Dangerous When Wet (1953).

On October 1, 1992, the first international release of Tom and Jerry: The Movie arrived when the film was released overseas to theaters in Europe[57] and then domestically by Miramax Films on July 30, 1993,[58] with future video and DVD releases that would be sold under Warner Bros., which, following Disney's acquisition of Miramax and Turner's subsequent merger with Time Warner, had acquired the film's distribution rights. Barbera served as creative consultant for the picture, which was produced and directed by Phil Roman. The film was a musical with a structure similar to MGM's blockbusters, The Wizard of Oz and Singin' in the Rain. In 2001, Warner Bros. (which had, by then, merged with Turner and assumed its properties) released the duo's first direct-to-video film, Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring, in which Tom covets a ring that grants mystical powers to the wearer, and has become accidentally stuck on Jerry's head. It would mark the last time Hanna and Barbera co-produced a Tom and Jerry cartoon together, as William Hanna died shortly after The Magic Ring was released.

Four years later, Bill Kopp scripted and directed two more Tom and Jerry DTV features for the studio, Tom and Jerry: Blast Off to Mars and Tom and Jerry: The Fast and the Furry, the latter one based on a story by Barbera. Both were released on DVD in 2005, marking the celebration of Tom and Jerry's 65th anniversary. In 2006, another direct-to-video film, Tom and Jerry: Shiver Me Whiskers, tells the story about the pair having to work together to find the treasure. Joe came up with the storyline for the next film, Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale, as well as the initial idea of synchronizing the on-screen actions to music from Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite. This DTV film, directed by Spike Brandt and Tony Cervone, would be Joe Barbera's last Tom and Jerry project due to his death in December 2006. The holiday-set animated film was released on DVD in late 2007 and dedicated to Barbera. A new direct-to-video film, Tom and Jerry Meet Sherlock Holmes, was released on August 24, 2010. It is the first made-for-video Tom and Jerry film produced without any of the characters' original creators. The next direct-to-video film, Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz, was released on August 23, 2011, and was the first made-for-video Tom and Jerry film made for Blu-ray. It had a preview showing on Cartoon Network. Robin Hood and His Merry Mouse was released on Blu-ray and DVD on October 2, 2012.[59] Tom and Jerry's Giant Adventure was released in 2013 on Blu-ray and DVD.[60] Tom and Jerry: The Lost Dragon was released on DVD on September 2, 2014.[61] Tom and Jerry: Spy Quest was released on DVD on June 23, 2015.[62] Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz was released on DVD on June 21, 2016.[63] Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory was released on DVD on July 11, 2017.[64]

A live action/2D animated hybrid film[65] was directed by Tim Story[66] and starred Chloë Grace Moretz,[67] Michael Peña[68] Colin Jost,[69] Rob Delaney and Ken Jeong.[70] The film was released on February 26, 2021.[71][72][73]

Controversies

 
Frame from the short The Truce Hurts. The characters in this shot have turned into black stereotypes after a passing car splashed mud on their faces. Scenes such as this are frequently highly edited or cut from modern broadcasts of Tom and Jerry.

Like many animated cartoons from the 1930s to the 1950s, Tom and Jerry featured racial stereotypes.[7] After explosions, for example, characters with blasted faces would resemble stereotypical blacks, with large lips and bow-tied hair. Perhaps the most controversial element of the show is the character Mammy Two Shoes, a poor black maid who speaks in a stereotypical "black accent". Joseph Barbera, who was responsible for these gags, claimed that they did not reflect his racial opinion; they were just reflecting what was common in society and cartoons at the time and were meant to be humorous.[15] Today, the blackface gags are often censored when these shots are aired.

Following the 1949 re-issue of the 1943 Tom and Jerry short The Lonesome Mouse, the NAACP, which had begun protesting stereotypical and racist depictions of African-Americans in Hollywood cinema, began a campaign against the use of the maid character in the Tom and Jerry shorts.[8] Lillian Randolph left her role as the voice of Mammy Two-Shoes in 1952 to instead take a job on television in Amos & Andy, and Hanna and Barbera retired the character at that time.[8]

In the 1960s, shorts featuring Mammy Two Shoes were re-animated in part by Chuck Jones' team at MGM, alongside their work on the newer entries produced by Jones, in order to be shown on television. These versions of the shorts replace the African-American maid with a white woman, voiced by June Foray with an Irish accent.[74] These versions of the Tom and Jerry shorts were broadcast on television until the MGM catalog's acquisition by Turner in 1986. Turner redubbed Mammy Two-Shoes' voice in these shorts in the mid-1990s to make the character sound less stereotypical.

Two shorts – His Mouse Friday, which depicts cannibals, and A Mouse in the House, which shows Mammy getting spanked repeatedly by Tom and Butch in the end resulting in racial abuse – have been removed from circulation. Two others in particular – Casanova Cat, which features a scene where Jerry's face is blackened by Tom with cigar smoke and he is forced to perform a minstrel dance, and Mouse Cleaning, where Tom is shown with blackface speaking in a stereotypical "Negro dialect" – were omitted from DVD/Blu-ray releases. Notably the other two – Fraidy Cat, showed Tom biting Mammy in the rear near the end, and The Mouse Comes to Dinner, including Jerry briefly dressing up as a Native American stereotype during the beginning – have Mammy edited in complete absence.

At the start of the 2005 Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection: Vol 2. DVD set, a disclaimer by actress and comedian Whoopi Goldberg warns viewers about the potentially offensive material in the cartoons. Goldberg's disclaimer emphasizes that the racial and ethnic stereotypes present in the shorts were "wrong then and they are wrong today", borrowing a phrase used in disclaimers done for Warner Bros. Looney Tunes Golden Collection DVD sets. This disclaimer is also used in the Tom and Jerry Golden Collection: Volume 1 Blu-ray/DVD/digital release as well.

 
Mammy Two Shoes in a scene from the Tom and Jerry short Saturday Evening Puss, in which her full face was shown for the first time.

The cartoons you are about to see are products of their time. They may depict some of the ethnic and racial prejudices that were commonplace in U.S. society. These depictions were wrong then and they are wrong today. While the following does not represent the Warner Bros. view of today's society, these cartoons are being presented as they were originally created, because to do otherwise would be the same as claiming that these prejudices never existed.

— Disclaimer by Whoopi Goldberg[75]

Since 2020, all episodes featuring Mammy Two-Shoes are no longer seen on Cartoon Network and Boomerang and are removed from the Boomerang app. There are other shorts (The Lonesome Mouse,[b] Blue Cat Blues[c], and The Mouse from H.U.N.G.E.R.[d]) that are found inappropriate for the intended audiences rather than just having racist contents and are censored from the two channels as well.

In 2006, the British version of the Boomerang channel made plans to edit Tom and Jerry cartoons being aired in the UK where the characters were seen to be smoking. There was a subsequent investigation by UK media watchdog Ofcom.[52] It has also taken the U.S. approach by censoring blackface gags, though this seems to be random as not all scenes of this type are cut. One Gene Deitch-era short, Buddies Thicker Than Water, is shortened as one scene involves drunkenness.

In 2013, it was reported that Cartoon Network of Brazil censored 27 shorts on the grounds of being "politically incorrect".[76] In an official release, the channel confirmed that it had censored only two shorts (The Two Mouseketeers[e] and Heavenly Puss[f]) "by editorial issues and appropriateness of the content to the target audience—children of 7 to 11 years".[77]

In other media

Comic books

Tom and Jerry began appearing in comic books in 1942, as one of the features in Dell Comics' Our Gang Comics. In 1949, with MGM's live-action Our Gang shorts having ceased production five years earlier, the series was renamed Tom and Jerry Comics. That title ran 212 issues with Dell before being handed off to Western Publishing, where it ran until issue #344 in 1984. Tom and Jerry continued to appear in various comic books for the rest of the 20th century.[78] Tom and Jerry comics were also extremely popular in Norway, Germany, Sweden, the UK, the Netherlands, and Australia.[79] A licensed European version has been drawn by Spanish artist Oscar Martin since 1986.

Comic strip

Tom and Jerry
 
Author(s)
Current status/scheduleEnded
Launch dateApril 1, 1950; 73 years ago (1950-04-01)
End dateMarch 13, 1994; 29 years ago (1994-03-13)
Syndicate(s)Editors Press Service (1989–94)
Genre(s)Humor

A Tom and Jerry comic strip was syndicated from 1950 to 1952. Although credited to MGM animation studio head Fred Quimby, experts believe the strips were ghosted by Gene Hazleton and possibly Ernie Stanzoni and Dan Gormley.[80] Tom and Jerry was revived as a comic strip from 1989 to 1994, syndicated to the South American market by Editors Press Service. The strip was produced by Kelley Jarvis[81] during this era, with the exception of a short period in 1990–1991 when it was done by Paul Kupperberg & Rich Maurizio.[82]

Tom to Jerry: Nanairo

Tom to Jerry: Nanairo (Japanese: とむとじぇりーナナイロ, romanized: Tomu to Jerī Nanairo, lit. 'Tom and Jerry: Seven Colors') is a short-lived series of Japanese comics authored by Chara Chara Makiart as a spin-off of Tom and Jerry. It was first featured in the August 2021 issue of the Nakayoshi magazine.[83] Nanairo, along with Chara Chara Makiart's other project Harapeko Penguin Cafe, was cancelled in December 2021 as Kodansha (Nakayoshi's publisher) has terminated its contract with the creative unit after one of Makiart members was found guilty for sexually assaulting a minor.[84][85][86]

Video games

Main article: List of Tom and Jerry video games

Musical adaptation

A musical, or music drama (音楽劇, ongaku geki), adaptation of the cartoon series, titled Tom and Jerry: Purr-Chance to Dream (トムとジェリー 夢よもう一度, Tomu to Jerī Yume yo Mōichido), debuted in Japan in 2019 in advance of the series' upcoming 80th anniversary.[87][88] The musical was composed by Masataka Matsutoya, staged by Seiji Nozoe, and written by Shigeki Motoiki.[89]

Cultural influences

Throughout the years, the term and title Tom and Jerry became practically synonymous with never-ending rivalry, as much as the related "cat and mouse fight" metaphor has. Yet in Tom and Jerry it was not the more powerful Tom who usually came out on top.

In 2005, TV Asahi ranked Tom and Jerry as 58th of the Top 100 Animated TV Series in Japan overall, outranking titles like Rurouni Kenshin, Initial D, and even Macross.[90]

In January 2009, IGN named Tom and Jerry as the 66th best in the Top 100 Animated TV Shows.[91]

Atari named the main pair of chips in the Jaguar's chipset after the duo. The Tom chip is its GPU, while the Jerry chip is the DSP.

In popular culture

In 1973, the magazine National Lampoon referenced Tom and Jerry in a violence-filled comic book parody, Kit 'n' Kaboodle.[92][93][94]

In The Simpsons, The Itchy & Scratchy Show is a spoof of Tom and Jerry—a "cartoon within a cartoon".[2][95][96] In an episode of the series titled "Krusty Gets Kancelled", Worker and Parasite, a replacement cartoon for Itchy & Scratchy, is a reference to Soviet-era animation.[97]

In an interview found on the DVD releases, several Mad TV cast members stated that Tom and Jerry is one of their biggest influences for slapstick comedy. Also in the Cartoon Network show MAD, Tom and Jerry appear in three segments "Celebrity Birthdays", "Mickey Mouse Exterminator Service", and "Tom and Jury". Johnny Knoxville from Jackass has stated that watching Tom and Jerry inspired many of the stunts in the films.[98]

Home media

In the pre-video era, Tom and Jerry cartoons were a popular subject for 8mm home movies, with the UK-based Walton Films issuing dozens of titles as colour one-reel Super 8 films, in both silent and sound editions. Walton's agreement with MGM obligated them to release the films in slightly edited form, even though the single-reel format would have comfortably accommodated the cartoons' seven to eight minute running time.

MGM/UA released a series of Tom and Jerry laserdisc box sets in the 1990s. The Art of Tom & Jerry volumes 1 and 2, contain all the MGM shorts up to (but not including) the Deitch Era, including letterboxed versions of the shorts filmed in CinemaScope. The cartoons are all intact save for His Mouse Friday (dialogue has been wiped) and Saturday Evening Puss, which is the re-drawn version with June Foray's voice added. A third volume to The Art of Tom & Jerry was released and contains all of the Chuck Jones-era Tom and Jerry shorts.

There have been several Tom and Jerry DVDs released in Region 1 (United States and Canada), including a series of two-disc sets known as the Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection. There have been negative responses to Vol. 1 and Vol. 2, due to some of the cartoons included on each having cuts and redubbed Mammy Two Shoes dialogue. A replacement program offering uncut versions of the shorts on DVD was later announced. There are also negative responses to Vol. 3, due to Mouse Cleaning and Casanova Cat being excluded from these sets and His Mouse Friday being edited for content with an extreme zooming-in towards the end to avoid showing a particularly race-based caricature.

There have been two Tom and Jerry DVD sets in Region 2. In Western Europe, most of the Tom and Jerry shorts have been released (only two, The Million Dollar Cat and Busy Buddies, were not included) under the name "Tom and Jerry: The Classic Collection". Almost all of the shorts contain re-dubbed Mammy Two Shoes tracks. Despite these cuts, His Mouse Friday, the only Tom and Jerry cartoon to be completely taken off the airwaves in some countries due to claims of racism, is included, unedited with the exception of zooming-in as on the North American set. These are regular TV prints sent from the U.S. in the 1990s. Shorts produced in CinemaScope are presented in pan and scan. Mouse Cleaning and Casanova Cat are presented uncut as part of these sets.

"The Classic Collection" is available in six double-sided DVDs (issued in the United Kingdom) and 12 single-layer DVDs (issued throughout Western Europe). Another Tom and Jerry Region 2 DVD set is available in Japan. As with "The Classic Collection" in Western Europe, almost all of the shorts (including His Mouse Friday) contain cuts. Slicked-up Pup, Tom's Photo Finish, Busy Buddies, The Egg and Jerry, Tops with Pops, Feedin' the Kiddie, Shutter Bugged Cat, along with all the Gene Deitch shorts are excluded from these sets. However, most of these cartoons are included in the UK version. Most shorts produced in CinemaScope are presented in pan and scan for showing on the 4:3 aspect ratio television screen.

Prior to 2015, the Gene Deitch-era shorts saw limited home media release outside of Europe and Asia. In Japan, all thirteen shorts were released on the "Tom and Jerry & Droopy" laserdisc and VHS, as well as on the bonus DVD for those who have purchased all the ten titles of the DVD collection series at its initial release. In the United Kingdom, the shorts are available on the second side of the "Tom and Jerry: The Classic Collection: Volume 5" DVD. In the United States, The Tom and Jerry Cartoon Kit, Down and Outing, and Carmen Get It! were included on the "Paws for a Holiday" VHS and DVD,[99] the "Summer Holidays" DVD, and the "Musical Mayhem" DVD, respectively. On June 2, 2015, Tom and Jerry: The Gene Deitch Collection DVD was released in the United States, with all thirteen shorts as well as special features.

The Chuck Jones-era Tom and Jerry shorts were released in a two-disc set titled "Tom and Jerry: The Chuck Jones Collection" on June 23, 2009.[100] On October 25, 2011, Warner Home Video released the first volume of the "Tom and Jerry Golden Collection" on DVD and Blu-ray.[101] This set featured newly remastered prints and bonus material never before seen. The sets were aimed at the collector in a way that the previous "Spotlight" DVD releases were not.[102] A second set was due for release at June 11, 2013. In February 2013, it was announced by TVShowsOnDVD.com that Mouse Cleaning was not part of the list of cartoons on this release, as well as the cartoon Casanova Cat that was also skipped over on the 2007 DVD release. Many collectors and fans[weasel words] have posted negative reviews of the product on Amazon and other various websites to make Warner put Mouse Cleaning and Casanova Cat on the release.[103]

Theatrical shorts

For a list of all theatrical Tom and Jerry cartoon shorts, see Tom and Jerry filmography.

The following cartoons won the Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons:[104]

These cartoons were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons, but did not win:

Television

Television shows

Series
no. 		Title Episodes Broadcast run Production company Original network Seasons
1 The Tom and Jerry Show (1975) 16 1975 Hanna-Barbera Productions
MGM Television 		ABC 1
2 The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show 15 1980 Filmation
MGM Television 		CBS
3 Tom & Jerry Kids 65 1990–93 Hanna-Barbera Productions
Turner Entertainment 		Fox Kids 4
4 Tom and Jerry Tales 26 2006–08 Turner Entertainment
Warner Bros. Animation 		Kids' WB 2
5 The Tom and Jerry Show (2014) 117 2014–21 Cartoon Network (2014–16)
Boomerang SVOD (2017–21)
Cartoon Network App (2021) 		5
6 Tom and Jerry Special Shorts 2 2021 HBO Max 1
7 Tom and Jerry in New York 13 2
8 Tom and Jerry (2022) 6 2022–present Fanworks
Studio Nanahosi
Turner Entertainment
Warner Bros. Japan 		Cartoon Network (Japan) 1
9 Tom and Jerry (2023) 7 2023–present Turner Entertainment
Warner Bros. Animation 		Cartoon Network (Asia)
HBO Go

Packaged shows and programming blocks

Series
no. 		Title Broadcast run Original channel
1 Tom and Jerry (1960s packaged show) 1965–72 CBS
2 Tom and Jerry 1967–2001 BBC
3 Tom and Jerry's Funhouse on TBS 1986–95 TBS
4 Cartoon Network's Tom and Jerry Show 1992–present Cartoon Network

Television specials

See also

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tom and Jerry.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Tom and Jerry.

Notes

  1. ^ Generally, loanwords and non-Japanese names are transliterated in katakana, like トム (Tom) and ジェリー (Jerry). However, the series' title uses hiragana to spell out the names of Tom (とむ) and Jerry (じぇりー).[47]
  2. ^ This short, which was released during World War II (1943) contains a reference where Jerry paint marks on a picture of Tom's face like Adolf Hitler and then spits on it. This scene is cut out of reruns
  3. ^ The subplot of this short is considered dark since it had references of alcoholism and suicide.
  4. ^ The beginning of this short contains rapid flickering from the projector, which this technique was notorious for inducing epileptic seizures.
  5. ^ This short has a dark offscreen ending where Tom was guillotined.
  6. ^ The subplot of this short is considered dark since it had a reference of damnation in Hell.

References

  1. ^ Jones, Paul (February 17, 2015). . Radio Times. Archived from the original on July 18, 2015. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
  2. ^ a b Whitworth, Melissa (December 20, 2006). "Master cartoonist who created Tom and Jerry draws his last". The Daily Telegraph (LONDON). p. 9.
  3. ^ Hanna, William; Joseph Barbera; with Ted Sennett (1989). The Art of Hanna-Barbera: Fifty Years of Creativity. New York, NY: Viking Studio Books. ISBN 978-0-670-82978-1.
  4. ^ Smoodin, Eric. "Cartoon and Comic Classicism: High-Art Histories of Lowbrow Culture". American Literary History. 4 (1 (Spring, 1992)).
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
  6. ^
  7. ^ a b Brian, Behnken (2015). Racism in American Popular Media: From Aunt Jemima to the Frito Bandito. Abc-Clio. pp. 92–99. ISBN 978-1-440-82977-2.
  8. ^ a b c Lehman, Christopher P. (2007). The Colored cartoon : Black representation in American animated short films, 1907-1954. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 97–99. ISBN 978-1-61376-119-9. OCLC 794701592.
  9. ^ "Tom and Jerry". Oxford English Dictionary (2 ed.). 1989.
  10. ^ McMahon, Seán; O'Donoghue, Jo (2004). Brewer's Dictionary of Irish Phrase & Fable. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 799. ISBN 978-0-304-36334-6.
  11. ^ a b c d Voger, Mark (May 22, 1994). "Cartoon czars". Asbury Park Press. Retrieved January 19, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Arnold, William (August 8, 1993). "Tom and Jerry make their big screen comeback". Caster Star-Tribune. Retrieved January 18, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Low-Down – More than 20 things you'll need to know about... Tom & Jerry". The Observer. September 22, 1991. p. 79. Retrieved January 20, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ a b Beck & Maltin 1987, p. 287.
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References

  • Barbera, Joseph (1994). My Life in "Toons": From Flatbush to Bedrock in Under a Century. Turner Publishing. ISBN 978-1-57036-042-8.
  • Beck, Jerry; Maltin, Leonard (1987). Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons, Revised and Updated Edition. Plume. ISBN 978-0-452-25993-5.

Further reading

  • Adams, T.R. (1991). Tom and Jerry: Fifty Years of Cat and Mouse. Crescent Books. ISBN 0-517-05688-7.
  • Aravind, Aju. Mammy Two Shoes: Subversion and Reaffirmation of Racial Stereotypes in Tom and Jerry. The IUP Journal of History and Culture, Vol. V, No. 3, July 2011. Pp. 76–83. ISSN 0973-8517.
  • Barrier, Michael (1999). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-503759-6.
  • Brion, Patrick (1990) Tom & Jerry: The Definitive Guide to their Animated Adventures, New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 978-0-517-57351-8.

February 02, 2024
jerry, this, article, about, animal, cartoon, series, titular, characters, jerry, mouse, other, uses, disambiguation, american, animated, media, franchise, series, comedy, short, films, created, 1940, william, hanna, joseph, barbera, best, known, theatrical, s. This article is about the animal cartoon series For the titular characters see Tom Cat and Jerry Mouse For other uses see Tom and Jerry disambiguation Tom and Jerry is an American animated media franchise and series of comedy short films created in 1940 by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera Best known for its 161 theatrical short films by Metro Goldwyn Mayer the series centers on the rivalry between the titular characters of a cat named Tom and a mouse named Jerry Many shorts also feature several recurring characters Tom and JerryFranchise logo since 1985Created byWilliam HannaJoseph BarberaOriginal workPuss Gets the Boot 1940 OwnerTurner Entertainment Warner Bros Years1940 presentPrint publicationsComicsList of comicsComic strip s List of comic stripsFilms and televisionFilm s List of Tom and Jerry feature filmsShort film s List of shorts 1940 1967 2001 present Spike and Tyke 1957 Animated seriesList of animated seriesTelevision special s Tom and Jerry Santa s Little Helpers 2014 Theatrical presentationsMusical s Tom and Jerry Purr Chance to Dream 2019 GamesVideo game s List of video gamesAudioSoundtrack s Tom and Jerry amp Tex Avery Too In its original run Hanna and Barbera produced 114 Tom and Jerry shorts for MGM from 1940 to 1958 1 During this time they won seven Academy Awards for Best Animated Short Film tying for first place with Walt Disney s Silly Symphonies with the most awards in the category After the MGM cartoon studio closed in 1957 MGM revived the series with Gene Deitch directing an additional 13 Tom and Jerry shorts for Rembrandt Films from 1961 to 1962 Tom and Jerry then became the highest grossing animated short film series of that time overtaking Looney Tunes Chuck Jones then produced another 34 shorts with Sib Tower 12 Productions between 1963 and 1967 Five more shorts have been produced since 2001 making a total of 166 shorts A number of spin offs have been made including the television series The Tom and Jerry Show 1975 The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show 1980 1982 Tom amp Jerry Kids 1990 1993 Tom and Jerry Tales 2006 2008 and The Tom and Jerry Show 2014 2021 The first feature length film based on the series Tom and Jerry The Movie was released in 1992 and 13 direct to video films have been produced since 2002 with a live action animated hybrid film released in 2021 A musical adaptation of the series titled Tom and Jerry Purr Chance to Dream debuted in Japan in 2019 in advance of Tom and Jerry s 80th anniversary Contents 1 Plot 2 Characters 2 1 Tom and Jerry 2 1 1 Tom and Jerry speaking 2 2 Spike and Tyke 2 3 Butch and Toodles Galore 2 4 Nibbles 2 5 Mammy Two Shoes 3 History 3 1 Hanna Barbera era 1940 1958 3 1 1 Production formats 3 2 Gene Deitch era 1961 1962 3 3 Chuck Jones era 1963 1967 3 4 Tom and Jerry hit television 3 5 Second Hanna Barbera era The Tom and Jerry Show 1975 1977 3 6 Filmation era 1980 1982 3 7 Tom and Jerry s new owners 3 8 Third Hanna Barbera era Tom amp Jerry Kids 1990 1994 3 9 One off productions 2001 2005 3 10 Warner Bros era 2006 present 4 Outside the United States 5 Feature films 6 Controversies 7 In other media 7 1 Comic books 7 2 Comic strip 7 3 Tom to Jerry Nanairo 7 4 Video games 7 5 Musical adaptation 8 Cultural influences 8 1 In popular culture 9 Home media 10 Theatrical shorts 11 Television 11 1 Television shows 11 2 Packaged shows and programming blocks 11 3 Television specials 12 See also 13 Notes 14 References 15 Further readingPlotThe series features comic fights between an iconic set of adversaries a house cat Tom and a mouse Jerry The plots of each short usually center on Tom s numerous attempts to capture Jerry and the mayhem and destruction that follows Tom rarely succeeds in catching Jerry mainly because of Jerry s cleverness cunning abilities and luck However on several occasions they have displayed genuine friendship and concern for each other s well being At other times the pair set aside their rivalry in order to pursue a common goal such as when a baby escapes the watch of a negligent babysitter causing Tom and Jerry to pursue the baby and keep it away from danger in the shorts Busy Buddies and Tot Watchers respectively Despite their endless attacks on one another they have saved each other s lives every time they were truly in danger except in The Two Mouseketeers which features an uncharacteristically morbid ending and Blue Cat Blues where both sit on a railroad track at the end after being jilted by girlfriends The cartoon irises out with the whistle of an oncoming steam train The cartoons are known for some of the most violent cartoon gags ever devised in theatrical animation Tom may use axes hammers firearms firecrackers explosives traps and poison to kill Jerry On the other hand Jerry s methods of retaliation are far more violent with frequent success including slicing Tom in half decapitating him shutting his head or fingers in a window or a door stuffing Tom s tail in a waffle iron or a mangle kicking him into a refrigerator getting him electrocuted pounding him with a mace club or mallet letting a tree or electric pole drive him into the ground sticking matches into his feet and lighting them tying him to a firework and setting it off and so on 2 While Tom and Jerry has often been criticized as excessively violent there is no blood or gore in any scene 3 42 4 134 Music plays a very important part in the shorts emphasizing the action filling in for traditional sound effects and lending emotion to the scenes Musical director Scott Bradley created complex scores that combined elements of jazz classical and pop music Bradley also often used contemporary pop songs and songs from other films including MGM films like The Wizard of Oz and Meet Me in St Louis which both starred Judy Garland in a leading role Generally there is little dialogue as Tom and Jerry almost never speak however minor characters are not similarly limited and the two lead characters do speak English on rare occasions For example the character Mammy Two Shoes has lines in nearly every cartoon in which she appears Most of the vocal effects used for Tom and Jerry are their high pitched laughs and gasping screams CharactersMain article List of Tom and Jerry characters This section possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed May 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Tom and Jerry Main articles Tom Cat and Jerry Mouse Tom named Jasper in his debut appearance is a gray and white domestic shorthair cat Tom is a generic name for a male cat He is usually but not always portrayed as living a comfortable or even pampered life while Jerry whose name is not explicitly mentioned in his debut appearance is a small brown house mouse who always lives in close proximity to Tom Despite being very energetic determined and much larger Tom is no match for Jerry s wits Jerry also possesses surprising strength for his size approximately the equivalent of Tom s lifting items such as anvils with relative ease and withstanding considerable impacts Although cats typically chase mice to eat them it is quite rare for Tom to actually try to eat Jerry but only to hurt or compete with him as usual in a more intimidating strategy to just taunt Jerry even as revenge and even to obtain a reward from a human including his owner s master s for catching Jerry or for generally doing his job greatly as a house cat By the final fade out of each cartoon Jerry usually gets the best of Tom However other results may be reached On rare occasions Tom triumphs usually when Jerry becomes the aggressor or he pushes Tom a little too far In The Million Dollar Cat Jerry learns that Tom will lose his newly acquired wealth if he harms any animal especially mice he then torments Tom a little too much until he retaliates In Timid Tabby Tom s look alike cousin pushes Jerry over the edge Occasionally and usually ironically they both lose usually because Jerry s last trap or attack on Tom backfires on him or he overlooks something In Chuck Jones Filet Meow Jerry orders a shark from the pet store to scare Tom away from eating a goldfish Afterward the shark scares Jerry away as well Finally they occasionally end up being friends although within this set of stories there is often a last minute event that ruins the truce One cartoon that has a friendly ending is Snowbody Loves Me Both characters display sadistic tendencies in that they are equally likely to take pleasure in tormenting each other although it is often in response to a triggering event However when one character appears to truly be in mortal danger from an unplanned situation or due to actions by a third party the other will develop a conscience and save him Occasionally they bond over a mutual sentiment towards an unpleasant experience and their attacking each other is more play than serious attacks Multiple shorts show the two getting along with minimal difficulty and they are more than capable of working together when the situation calls for it usually against a third party who manages to torture and humiliate them both Sometimes this partnership is forgotten quickly when an unexpected event happens or when one character feels that the other is no longer necessary This is the case in Posse Cat when they agree that Jerry will allow himself to be caught if Tom agrees to share his reward dinner but Tom then reneges Other times however Tom does keep his promise to Jerry and the partnerships are not quickly dissolved after the problem is solved Tom changes his love interest many times The first love interest is Toots who appears in Puss n Toots and calls him Tommy in The Mouse Comes to Dinner He is also interested in a cat called Toots in The Zoot Cat although she has a different appearance to the original Toots The most frequent love interest of Tom s is Toodles Galore who never has any dialogue in the cartoons Despite five shorts ending with a depiction of Tom s apparent death his demise is never permanent he even reads about his own death in a flashback in Jerry s Diary He appears to die in explosions in Mouse Trouble after which he is seen in heaven Yankee Doodle Mouse and in Safety Second while in The Two Mouseketeers he is guillotined offscreen The short Blue Cat Blues ends with both Tom and Jerry sitting on the railroad tracks with the intent of suicide while the whistle of an oncoming train is heard foreshadowing their imminent death Tom and Jerry speaking Although many supporting and minor characters speak Tom and Jerry rarely do so themselves One exception is The Lonesome Mouse where they speak several times briefly primarily Jerry to contrive to get Tom back into the house Tom more often sings while wooing female cats for example Tom sings Louis Jordan s Is You Is or Is You Ain t My Baby in the 1946 short Solid Serenade In that short and Zoot Cat Tom woos female cats using a deep heavily French accented voice in imitation of then popular leading man actor Charles Boyer At the end of The Million Dollar Cat after beginning to antagonize Jerry he says Gee I m throwin away a million dollars BUT I M HAPPY In Tom and Jerry The Magic Ring Jerry says No no no no no when choosing the shop to remove his ring In The Mouse Comes to Dinner Tom speaks to his girlfriend Toots while inadvertently sitting on a stove Say what s cookin to which Toots replies You are stupid Another instance of speech comes in Solid Serenade and The Framed Cat where Tom directs Spike through a few dog tricks in a dog trainer manner In Puss Gets the Boot Jerry prays for his life when Tom catches him by the tail Jerry has also whispered in Tom s ear on several occasions In Love Me Love My Mouse Jerry calls Toots Mama Co director William Hanna provided most of the squeaks gasps and other vocal effects for the pair including the most famous sound effects from the series Tom s leather lunged scream created by recording Hanna s scream and eliminating the beginning and ending of the recording leaving only the strongest part of the scream on the soundtrack and Jerry s nervous gulp The only other reasonably common vocalization is made by Tom when some external reference claims a certain scenario or eventuality to be impossible which inevitably ironically happens to thwart Tom s plans at which point a bedraggled and battered Tom appears and says in a haunting echoing voice Don t you believe it a reference to the then popular 1940s radio show Don t You Believe It 5 6 In Mouse Trouble Tom says Don t you believe it after being beaten up by Jerry which also happens in The Missing Mouse In the 1946 short Trap Happy Tom hires a cat disguised as a mouse exterminator who after several failed attempts to dispatch Jerry and suffering a lot of accidents in the process changes profession to Cat exterminator by crossing out the Mouse on his title and writing CAT resulting in Tom spelling out the word out loud before reluctantly pointing at himself One short 1956 s Blue Cat Blues is narrated by Jerry in voiceover voiced by Paul Frees as they try to win back their ladyfriends Jerry was voiced by Sara Berner during his appearance in the 1945 MGM musical Anchors Aweigh Tom and Jerry The Movie is the first and so far only installment of the series where the famous cat and mouse duo regularly speaks or is able to be understood by humans In that film Tom was voiced by Richard Kind and Jerry was voiced by Dana Hill Spike and Tyke Main article Spike and Tyke characters In his attempts to catch Jerry Tom often has to deal with Spike known as Killer and Butch in some shorts an angry vicious but easily duped bulldog who tries to attack Tom for bothering him or his son Tyke while trying to get Jerry Originally Spike was unnamed and mute aside from howls and biting noises as well as attacking indiscriminately not caring whether it was Tom or Jerry though usually attacking Tom In later cartoons Spike spoke often using a voice and expressions performed by Billy Bletcher and later Daws Butler modeled after comedian Jimmy Durante Spike s coat has altered throughout the years between gray and creamy tan The addition of Spike s son Tyke in the late 1940s led to both a slight softening of Spike s character and a short lived spin off theatrical series Spike and Tyke Most cartoons with Spike in them conform to a theme usually Spike is trying to accomplish something such as building a dog house or sleeping when Tom and Jerry s antics stop him doing it Spike then presumably due to prejudice singles out Tom as the culprit and threatens him that if it ever happens again he will do something horrible to him effectively forcing Tom to take the blame while Jerry overhears afterward Jerry usually does anything he can to interrupt whatever Spike is doing while Tom barely manages to stop him usually getting injured in the process Usually Jerry does eventually wreck whatever Spike is doing in spectacular fashion and leaves Tom to take the blame forcing him to flee from Spike and inevitably lose usually because Tom is usually framed by Jerry and that Spike just dislikes Tom Off screen Spike does something to Tom and finally Tom is generally shown injured or in a bad situation while Jerry smugly cuddles up to Spike unscathed Tom sometimes gets irritated with Spike an example is in That s My Pup when Spike forces Tom to run up a tree every time his son barked causing Tom to hang Tyke on a flag pole At least once however Tom does something that benefits Spike who promises not to interfere ever again causing Jerry to frantically leave the house and run into the distance in Hic cup Pup Spike is well known for his famous Listen pussycat catchphrase when he threatens Tom his other famous catchphrase is That s my boy normally said when he supports or congratulates his son Tyke is described as a cute sweet looking happy and lovable puppy He is Spike s son but unlike Spike Tyke does not speak and only communicates mostly towards his father by barking yapping wagging his tail whimpering and growling Spike would always go out of his way to care and comfort his son and make sure that he is safe from Tom Tyke loves his father and Spike loves his son and they get along like friends although most of time they would be taking a nap or Spike would teach Tyke the main facts of life of being a dog Like Spike Tyke s appearance has altered throughout the years from gray with white paws to creamy tan When Tom amp Jerry Kids first aired this was the first time that viewers could hear Tyke speak Butch and Toodles Galore Butch is a black cigar smoking alley cat who also wants to eat Jerry He is Tom s most frequent adversary However for most of the shorts he appears in he is usually seen rivaling Tom over Toodles Butch was also Tom s chum as in some cartoons where Butch is leader of Tom s alley cat buddies who are mostly Lightning Topsy and Meathead Butch talks more often than Tom or Jerry in most shorts Butch and Toodles were originally introduced in Hugh Harman s 1941 short The Alley Cat but were integrated into Tom and Jerry rather than continuing in their own series Nibbles Main article Nibbles Tom and Jerry Nibbles is a small gray mouse who often appears in shorts as an orphan mouse He is a carefree individual who very rarely understands the danger of the situation simply following instructions the best he can both to Jerry s command and his own innocent understanding of the situation This can lead to such results as getting the cheese by simply asking Tom to pick it up for him rather than following Jerry s example of outmaneuvering and sneaking around Tom Many times Nibbles is an ally of Jerry in fights against Tom including being the second Mouseketeer He is given speaking roles in all his appearances as a Mouseketeer often with a high pitched French tone However during a short in which he rescued Robin Hood his voice was instead more masculine gruff and cockney accented Mammy Two Shoes Main article Mammy Two Shoes Mammy Two Shoes is a heavy set middle aged black woman who often has to deal with the mayhem generated by the lead characters Voiced by character actress Lillian Randolph she is often seen as the owner of Tom Her face was only shown once very briefly in Saturday Evening Puss Mammy s appearances have often been edited out dubbed or re animated as a slim white woman in later television showings since her character is a mammy archetype that had been protested as racist by the NAACP and other civil rights groups since the 1940s 7 8 She was mostly restored in the DVD releases of the cartoons with an introduction by Whoopi Goldberg on the Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection Vol 2 DVD set explaining the importance of African American representation in the cartoon series however stereotyped History Tom and Jerry was a commonplace phrase for young men given to drinking gambling and riotous living in 19th century London England The term comes from Life in London or The Day and Night Scenes of Jerry Hawthorn Esq and his elegant friend Corinthian Tom 1821 by Pierce Egan the British sports journalist who also authored similar accounts compiled as Boxiana 9 However Brewer notes no more than an unconscious echo of the Regency era and thus Georgian era original in the naming of the cartoon 10 Hanna Barbera era 1940 1958 In August 1937 animator and storyman Joseph Barbera began to work at MGM then the largest studio in Hollywood 11 12 He learned that co owner Louis B Mayer wished to boost the animation department by encouraging the artists to develop some new cartoon characters following the lack of success with its earlier cartoon series based on the Captain and the Kids comic strip Barbera then teamed with fellow Ising unit animator and director William Hanna who joined Harman Ising Productions in 1930 and pitched new ideas among them was the concept of two equal characters who were always in conflict with each other 12 An early thought involved a fox and a dog before they settled on a cat and mouse The pair discussed their ideas with producer Fred Quimby then the head of the short film department who despite a lack of interest in it gave them the green light to produce one cartoon short 12 The first short Puss Gets the Boot features a cat named Jasper and an unnamed mouse 13 named Jinx in pre production and an African American housemaid named Mammy Two Shoes Leonard Maltin described it as very new and special that was to change the course of MGM cartoon production and established the successful Tom and Jerry formula of comical cat and mouse chases with slapstick gags 14 12 It was released onto the theatre circuit on February 10 1940 and the pair having been advised by management not to produce any more focused on other cartoons including Gallopin Gals 1940 and Officer Pooch 1941 12 Matters changed however when Texas businesswoman Bessa Short sent a letter to MGM asking whether more cat and mouse shorts would be produced which helped convince management to commission a series 15 11 A studio contest held to rename both characters was won by animator John Carr who suggested Tom the cat and Jerry the mouse Carr was awarded a first place prize of 50 16 It has been suggested but not proven that the names were derived from a 1932 story by Damon Runyon who took them from the name of a popular Christmastime cocktail itself derived from the names of two characters in an 1821 stage play by William Moncrieff an adaptation of 1821 Egan s book titled Life in London where the names originated which was based on George Cruikshank s Isaac Robert Cruikshank s and Egan s own careers 17 Puss Gets the Boot was a critical success earning an Academy Award nomination for Best Short Subject Cartoons in 1941 despite the credits listing Ising and omitting Hanna and Barbera 14 12 After MGM gave the green light for Hanna and Barbera to continue the studio entered production on the second Tom and Jerry cartoon The Midnight Snack 1941 13 The pair would continue to work on the series for the next fifteen years of their career 18 The composer of the series Scott Bradley made it difficult for the musicians to perform his score which often involved the twelve tone technique developed by Arnold Schoenberg 13 The series developed a quicker more energetic and violent tone which was inspired by the work of MGM colleague Tex Avery Hanna and Barbera made minor adjustments to Tom and Jerry s appearance so they would age gracefully 13 Jerry went on to lose weight and his long eyelashes while Tom lost his jagged fur for a smoother appearance had larger eyebrows and received a white and gray face with a white mouth 13 He adopted a quadrupedal stance at first like a real cat to become increasingly and almost exclusively bipedal Hanna and Barbera produced 114 cartoons for MGM thirteen of which were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Short Subject and seven went on to win breaking the winning streak held by Walt Disney s studio in the category Tom and Jerry won more Academy Awards than any other character based theatrical animated series Barbera estimated the typical budget of 50 000 for each Tom and Jerry cartoon which made the duo take time to get it right 12 A typical cartoon took around six weeks to make 13 As per standard practice for American animation production at the time Barbera and Hanna did not work with a script beforehand 11 After coming up with a cartoon idea together Barbera would flesh out the story by drawing a storyboard and provide character designs and animation layouts 19 Hanna did the animation timing planning the music and temporal beats and accents the animation action would occur on and subsequently assigned the animators their scenes and supervised their work 19 In addition Hanna provided incidental voice work in particular Tom s numerous screams of pain 19 Despite minimal creative input 19 as head of the MGM cartoon studio Quimby was credited as the producer of all cartoons until 1955 13 The rise in television in the 1950s caused problems for the MGM animation studio leading to budget cuts on Tom and Jerry cartoons due to decreased revenue from theatrical screenings In an attempt to combat this MGM ordered that all subsequent shorts be produced in the widescreen CinemaScope format the first Pet Peeve was released in November 1954 However the studio found that re releases of older cartoons were earning as much as new ones resulting in the executive decision to cease production on Tom and Jerry and later the animation studio on May 15 1957 11 The final cartoon produced by Hanna and Barbera Tot Watchers was released on August 1 1958 13 The pair decided to leave and went on to focus on their own production company Hanna Barbera Productions which went on to produce such popular animated television series including The Flintstones Yogi Bear The Jetsons and Scooby Doo 13 Production formats Before 1954 all Tom and Jerry cartoons were produced in the standard Academy ratio and format in 1954 and 1955 some of the output was dually produced in dual versions one Academy ratio negative composed for a flat widescreen 1 75 1 format and one shot in the CinemaScope process From 1955 until the close of the MGM cartoon studio a year later all Tom and Jerry cartoons were produced in CinemaScope some even had their soundtracks recorded in Perspecta directional audio All of the Hanna and Barbera cartoons were shot as successive color exposure negatives in Technicolor Gene Deitch era 1961 1962 In 1961 MGM revived the Tom and Jerry franchise and contracted European animation studio Rembrandt Films to produce 13 Tom and Jerry shorts in Prague Czechoslovakia 20 21 22 23 All were directed by Gene Deitch and produced by William L Snyder 20 23 Deitch himself wrote most of the cartoons with occasional assistance from Larz Bourne and Eli Bauer Stepan Konicek provided the musical score for the Deitch shorts Sound effects were produced by electronic music composer Tod Dockstader and Deitch The majority of vocal effects and voices in Deitch s films were provided by Allen Swift and Deitch 24 Deitch states that being a UPA man he was not a fan of the Tom and Jerry cartoons thinking they were needlessly violent 25 26 However after being assigned to work on the series he quickly realized that nobody took the violence seriously and it was merely a parody of exaggerated human emotions 25 He also came to see what he perceived as the biblical roots in Tom and Jerry s conflict similar to David and Goliath stating That s where we feel a connection to these cartoons the little guy can win or at least survive to fight another day 25 Since the Deitch Snyder team had seen only a handful of the original Tom and Jerry shorts and since the team produced their cartoons on a tighter budget of 10 000 the resulting films were considered surrealist in nature though this was not Deitch s intention 21 26 The animation was limited and jerky in movement compared to the more fluid Hanna Barbera shorts and often utilized motion blur Background art was done in a more simplistic angular Art Deco esque style The soundtracks featured sparse and echoic electronic music futuristic sound effects heavy reverb and dialogue that was mumbled rather than spoken According to Jen Nessel of The New York Times The Czech style had nothing in common with these gag driven cartoons 27 Whereas Hanna Barbera s shorts generally took place in and outside of a house Deitch s shorts opted for more exotic locations such as a 19th century whaling ship the jungles of Nairobi an Ancient Greek acropolis or the Wild West In addition Mammy Two Shoes was replaced as Tom s owner by a bald overweight short tempered middle aged white man who bore a striking resemblance to another Deitch character Clint Clobber Just like Spike the Bulldog he was also significantly more brutal and violent in punishing Tom s actions as compared to previous owners often beating and thrashing Tom repeatedly the character and his extreme treatment of Tom was poorly received To avoid being linked to Communism Deitch romanized the Czech names of his crew in the opening credits of the shorts e g Stepan Konicek became Steven Konichek and Vaclav Lidl became Victor Little In addition these shorts are among the few Tom and Jerry cartoons not to carry the Made In Hollywood U S A phrase on the end title card due to Deitch s studio being behind the Iron Curtain the production studio s location is omitted entirely on it 26 After the 13 shorts were completed Joe Vogel the head of production was fired from MGM Vogel had approved of Deitch and his team s work but MGM decided not to renew their contract after Vogel s departure 26 The final of the 13 shorts Carmen Get It was released on December 21 1962 21 Deitch s shorts were commercial successes In 1962 the Tom and Jerry series became the highest grossing animated short film series of that time dethroning Looney Tunes which had held the position for 16 years 28 23 However unlike the Hanna Barbera shorts none of Deitch s films were nominated for nor did they win an Academy Award 23 In retrospect these shorts are often considered the worst of the Tom and Jerry theatrical output 25 Deitch stated that due to his team s inexperience as well as their low budget he hardly had a chance to succeed and well understand s the negative reactions to his shorts He believes They could all have been better animated truer to the characters but our T amp Js were produced in the early 1960s near the beginning of my presence here over a half century ago as I write this 29 Despite the criticism Deitch s Tom and Jerry shorts are appreciated by some fans due to their uniquely surreal nature 30 The shorts were released on DVD in 2015 in Tom and Jerry The Gene Deitch Collection Production formatsThe 1960s entries were done in Metrocolor but returned to the standard Academy ratio and format Chuck Jones era 1963 1967 After the last of the Deitch cartoons were released Chuck Jones who had been fired from his 30 plus year tenure at Warner Bros Cartoons started his own animation studio Sib Tower 12 Productions later renamed MGM Animation Visual Arts with partner Les Goldman Beginning in 1963 Jones and Goldman went on to produce 34 more Tom and Jerry shorts all of which carried Jones distinctive style and a slight psychedelic influence Jones had trouble adapting his style to Tom and Jerry s brand of humor and a number of the cartoons favored full animation personality and style over storyline The characters underwent a slight change of appearance Tom was given thicker eyebrows resembling Jones Grinch Count Blood Count or Wile E Coyote a less complex look including the color of his fur becoming gray sharper ears longer tail and furrier cheeks resembling Jones Claude Cat or Sylvester while Jerry was given larger eyes and ears a lighter brown color and a sweeter Porky Pig like expression 31 Some of Jones Tom and Jerry cartoons are reminiscent of his work with Wile E Coyote and the Road Runner included the uses of blackout gags and gags involving characters falling from high places Jones co directed the majority of the shorts with layout artist Maurice Noble The remaining shorts were directed by Abe Levitow and Ben Washam with Tom Ray directing two shorts built around footage from earlier Tom and Jerry cartoons directed by Hanna and Barbera and Jim Pabian directed a short with Maurice Noble Various vocal characteristics were made by Mel Blanc June Foray and even Jones himself These shorts contain a memorable opening theme in which Tom first replaces the MGM lion then is trapped inside the O of his name 32 Though Jones s shorts were generally considered an improvement over Deitch s they nevertheless had varying degrees of critical success MGM ceased production of Tom and Jerry shorts in 1967 by which time Jones had moved on to television specials and the feature film The Phantom Tollbooth 32 The shorts were released on DVD in 2009 on Tom and Jerry The Chuck Jones Collection Tom and Jerry hit television Beginning in 1965 the Hanna and Barbera Tom and Jerry cartoons began to appear on television in heavily edited versions The Jones team was required to take the cartoons featuring Mammy Two Shoes and remove her by pasting over the scenes featuring her with new scenes Most of the time she was replaced with a similarly fat white Irish woman occasionally as in Saturday Evening Puss a thin white teenager took her place instead with both characters voiced by June Foray However recent telecasts on Cartoon Network and Boomerang retain Mammy with new voiceover work performed by Thea Vidale to remove the stereotypical black jargon featured on the original cartoon soundtracks The standard Tom and Jerry opening titles were removed as well Instead of the roaring MGM Lion sequence an opening sequence featuring different clips of the cartoons was used instead The title cards were also changed A pink title card with the name written in white font was used instead Debuting on CBS Saturday morning schedule on September 25 1965 Tom and Jerry moved to CBS Sundays two years later and remained there until September 17 1972 Second Hanna Barbera era The Tom and Jerry Show 1975 1977 In 1975 Tom and Jerry were reunited with Hanna and Barbera who produced The Tom and Jerry Show for Saturday mornings These 48 seven minute cartoon shorts were paired with Grape Ape and Mumbly cartoons to create The Tom and Jerry Grape Ape Show The Tom and Jerry Grape Ape Mumbly Show and The Tom and Jerry Mumbly Show all of which initially ran on ABC Saturday mornings between September 6 1975 and September 3 1977 33 In these cartoons Tom and Jerry now with a red bow tie who had been enemies during their formative years became nonviolent pals who went on adventures together as Hanna Barbera had to meet the stringent rules against violence for children s TV This format has not been used in newer Tom and Jerry entrees 32 Filmation era 1980 1982 Filmation Studios were commissioned by MGM Television to produce a Tom and Jerry TV series The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show which debuted in 1980 and also featured new cartoons starring Droopy Spike Slick Wolf and Barney Bear not seen since the original MGM shorts The Filmation Tom and Jerry cartoons were noticeably different from Hanna Barbera s efforts as they returned Tom and Jerry to the original chase formula with a somewhat more slapstick humor format This incarnation much like the 1975 version was not as well received by audiences as the originals and lasted on CBS Saturday mornings from September 6 1980 to September 4 1982 32 Tom and Jerry s new owners In 1986 MGM was purchased by WTBS founder Ted Turner Turner sold the company a short while later but retained MGM s pre 1986 film library thus Tom and Jerry became the property of Turner Entertainment Co where the rights stand today via Warner Bros and have in subsequent years appeared on Turner run stations such as TBS TNT Cartoon Network The WB Boomerang and Turner Classic Movies Third Hanna Barbera era Tom amp Jerry Kids 1990 1994 One of the biggest trends for Saturday morning television in the 1980s and 1990s was the babyfication child versions of classic cartoon stars and on March 2 1990 Tom amp Jerry Kids co produced by Turner Entertainment Co and Hanna Barbera Productions which would be sold to Turner in 1991 debuted on Fox Kids and also aired for a few years on British children s block CBBC It featured a youthful version of the famous cat and mouse duo chasing each other As with the 1975 H B series Jerry wears his red bowtie while Tom now wears a red cap Spike and his son Tyke who now had talking dialogue and Droopy and his son Dripple appeared in back up segments for the show which ran until November 18 1994 Tom amp Jerry Kids was the last Tom and Jerry cartoon series produced in 4 3 full screen aspect ratio One off productions 2001 2005 In 2001 a new television special titled Tom and Jerry The Mansion Cat premiered on Boomerang It featured Joe Barbera who was also a creative consultant as the voice of Tom s owner whose face is never seen In this cartoon Jerry housed in a habitrail is as much of a house pet as Tom is and their owner has to remind Tom to not blame everything on the mouse In 2005 a new Tom and Jerry theatrical short titled The Karate Guard which had been written and directed by Barbera and Spike Brandt storyboarded by Joseph Barbera and Iwao Takamoto and produced by Joseph Barbera Spike Brandt and Tony Cervone premiered in Los Angeles cinemas on September 27 2005 as part of the celebration of Tom and Jerry s sixty fifth anniversary This marked Barbera s first return as a writer director and storyboard artist on the series since his and Hanna s original MGM cartoon shorts and last overall he would die shortly after production ended Director animator Spike Brandt was nominated for an Annie award for best character animation The short debuted on Cartoon Network on January 27 2006 The short was filmed in the standard Academy ratio and format Warner Bros era 2006 present In 1996 Turner merged with Time Warner the parent company of Warner Bros The characters from the MGM library including Tom and Jerry were placed under the control of Warner Bros Animation A relaunch of the theatrical shorts series was planned for 2003 alongside a similar relaunch of the Looney Tunes theatrical shorts but was canceled after the financial failure of Looney Tunes Back in Action In 2006 a new series called Tom and Jerry Tales premiered Thirteen half hour episodes each consisting of three shorts were produced Some of the segments like The Karate Guard had originally been produced and completed in 2003 as part of the planned theatrical cartoon relaunch The show debuted in markets outside the US and UK before premiering in February 2006 on the UK version of Boomerang and the following autumn in the US on Kids WB on The CW 34 Tales is the first Tom and Jerry TV series that utilizes the original style of the classic shorts along with the slapstick Tales is also the first Tom and Jerry production produced in 16 9 widescreen aspect ratio but was cropped to 4 3 fullscreen aspect ratio when initially aired on in the United States The series was canceled in 2008 shortly before the Kids WB block shut down Cartoon Network which began rerunning Tom and Jerry Tales in January 2012 subsequently launched a series titled The Tom and Jerry Show consisting of two 11 minute shorts later being produced as separate 7 minutes length episodes per episode that likewise sought to maintain the look core characters and sensibility of the original theatrical shorts Similar to other reboot works like Scooby Doo Mystery Incorporated and New Looney Tunes several episodes the new series brought Tom and Jerry into contemporary environments telling new stories and relocating the characters to more fantastic worlds from a medieval castle to a mad scientist s lab The series was produced by Warner Bros Animation with Sam Register serving as executive producer in collaboration with Darrell Van Citters and Ashley Postelwaite at Renegade Animation Originally slated for a 2013 Cartoon Network premiere 35 the series was pushed back to April 9 2014 It is the second Tom and Jerry production presented in 16 9 widescreen aspect ratio 36 In November 2014 a two minute sketch was shown as part of the Children in Need telethon in the United Kingdom the sketch was produced as a collaboration with Warner Bros 37 In May 2016 WB Kids began releasing excerpts from various Tom and Jerry works to the online platform YouTube 38 39 40 By January 2017 compilation videos of the Tom and Jerry franchise began to be released by WB Kids on the platform 41 42 43 On February 20 2021 Warner Bros released two new shorts onto HBO Max titled Tom and Jerry Special Shorts to honor the 81st anniversary of Tom and Jerry as well as to promote the 2021 film These shorts share the style of the other HBO Max original Looney Tunes Cartoons also produced by Warner Bros Animation 44 45 46 better source needed A new Tom and Jerry series made its debut on July 1 2021 as a Max Original on HBO Max called Tom and Jerry in New York which basically served as a spin off of The Tom and Jerry Show by having the exact same animation style and slapstick except that as the title implies the events take place in the city of New York City It was also loosely based on the 2021 film as the humans in the series were shown with the faces intact On November 11 2022 Cartoon Network in Japan premiered a new series of animated shorts Tom and Jerry Japanese とむとじぇりー romanized Tomu to Jeri a marking the first Japanese production based on the property 47 48 Featuring the voices of Megumi Aratake as Tom Aya Yonekura as Jerry and Eri Tanaka as Tuffy the shorts were animated by Fanworks in co operation with Studio Nanahoshi while Ayu handled the character design and Captain Mirai composed the musical scores 49 The November 11 2022 premiere coincided with Cartoon Network s celebration of Cheese Day which is organized by cheese industry in Japan 47 48 On July 25 2023 the Southeast Asian version of Tom and Jerry animated shorts was announced to be presented on Cartoon Network Asia alongside HBO Asia streaming platform HBO GO before it was aired globally The animated shorts which was set in Singapore was produced by Warner Bros Discovery Asia Pacific Carlene Tan with animation by Aum Animation Studios India alongside Singapore based Robot Playground Media and Chips and Toon Studios for both the stories and designs 50 Outside the United StatesWhen shown on terrestrial television in the United Kingdom from April 1967 to February 2001 usually on the BBC Tom and Jerry cartoons were not edited for violence and Mammy was retained As well as having regular slots mainly after the evening BBC News with around two shorts shown every evening and occasionally shown on children s network CBBC in the morning Tom and Jerry served the BBC in another way When faced with disruption to the schedules for example when live broadcasts overran the BBC would invariably turn to Tom and Jerry to fill any gaps confident that it would retain much of an audience that might otherwise channel hop This proved particularly helpful in 1993 when Noel s House Party had to be cancelled due to an IRA bomb scare at BBC Television Centre Tom and Jerry was shown instead bridging the gap until the next programme 51 In 2006 a mother complained to Ofcom about the smoking shown in the cartoons since Tom often attempts to impress love interests with the habit resulting in reports that the smoking scenes in Tom and Jerry films may be subject to censorship 52 Due to its very limited use of dialogue Tom and Jerry was easily translated into various foreign languages Tom and Jerry began broadcast in Japan in 1965 A 2005 nationwide survey taken in Japan by TV Asahi sampling age groups from teenagers to adults in their sixties ranked Tom and Jerry No 85 in a list of the top 100 anime of all time while their web poll taken after the airing of the list ranked it at No 58 the only non Japanese animation on the list and beating anime classics like Tsubasa Reservoir Chronicle A Little Princess Sara and the ultra classics Macross and Ghost in the Shell In Japan the word anime refers to all animation regardless of origin not just Japanese animation 53 Tom and Jerry also serve as long time licensed mascots for Gifu based Juroku Bank Unlike some other Western cartoons such as Bob the Builder whose characters had to be doctored to have five fingers in each hand instead of the original four 54 Tom and Jerry aired in Japan without such edits as did other series starring non human protagonists such as SpongeBob SquarePants Tom and Jerry have long since been popular in Germany The different shorts are usually linked together with key scenes from Jerry s Diary 1949 in which Tom reads about his and Jerry s past adventures The cartoons are introduced with rhyming German language verse and when necessary a German voice spoke the translations of English labels on items and similar information The show was aired in mainland China by CCTV in the mid 1980s to the early 1990s and was extremely popular at the time Collections of the show are still a prominent feature in Chinese book stores In the Philippines the series was aired on ABS CBN from 1966 until its closure due to the country s declaration of martial law in 1972 with the later Hanna Barbera shorts from Barbecue Brawl to Tot Watchers and all of Gene Deitch and Chuck Jones shorts RPN aired most of Hanna Barbera shorts from 1977 until 1989 ABS CBN would later return to the air after the restoration of democracy in 1986 and air the same shorts as in the pre martial law era This lasted until the end of 1988 In Indonesia the series was aired on TPI later re branded as MNCTV from the mid 1990s to early 2010s and RCTI during 2000s Even though Gene Deitch s shorts were created in Czechoslovakia 1960 1962 the first official TV release of Tom and Jerry were in 1988 It was one of the few cartoons of western origin broadcast in Czechoslovakia 1988 and Romania until 1989 before the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989 The Pakistani ice cream brand Omore has launched a chocolate bar ice cream based on the show 55 Feature filmsSee also List of Tom and Jerry feature films Tom and Jerry s first feature film appearance was in the 1945 MGM musical Anchors Aweigh in which Jerry performs a dance number with Gene Kelly In this scene Tom also made a cameo as a servant Filmmakers had wanted Mickey Mouse for the scene but Walt Disney had rejected the deal as the Disney studio was focusing on its own cartoons to help pay off its debts after World War II 56 William Hanna and Joe Barbera supervised animation for the scene Tom and Jerry s second feature film appearance was swimming with Esther Williams in a dream sequence in another MGM musical Dangerous When Wet 1953 On October 1 1992 the first international release of Tom and Jerry The Movie arrived when the film was released overseas to theaters in Europe 57 and then domestically by Miramax Films on July 30 1993 58 with future video and DVD releases that would be sold under Warner Bros which following Disney s acquisition of Miramax and Turner s subsequent merger with Time Warner had acquired the film s distribution rights Barbera served as creative consultant for the picture which was produced and directed by Phil Roman The film was a musical with a structure similar to MGM s blockbusters The Wizard of Oz and Singin in the Rain In 2001 Warner Bros which had by then merged with Turner and assumed its properties released the duo s first direct to video film Tom and Jerry The Magic Ring in which Tom covets a ring that grants mystical powers to the wearer and has become accidentally stuck on Jerry s head It would mark the last time Hanna and Barbera co produced a Tom and Jerry cartoon together as William Hanna died shortly after The Magic Ring was released Four years later Bill Kopp scripted and directed two more Tom and Jerry DTV features for the studio Tom and Jerry Blast Off to Mars and Tom and Jerry The Fast and the Furry the latter one based on a story by Barbera Both were released on DVD in 2005 marking the celebration of Tom and Jerry s 65th anniversary In 2006 another direct to video film Tom and Jerry Shiver Me Whiskers tells the story about the pair having to work together to find the treasure Joe came up with the storyline for the next film Tom and Jerry A Nutcracker Tale as well as the initial idea of synchronizing the on screen actions to music from Tchaikovsky s Nutcracker Suite This DTV film directed by Spike Brandt and Tony Cervone would be Joe Barbera s last Tom and Jerry project due to his death in December 2006 The holiday set animated film was released on DVD in late 2007 and dedicated to Barbera A new direct to video film Tom and Jerry Meet Sherlock Holmes was released on August 24 2010 It is the first made for video Tom and Jerry film produced without any of the characters original creators The next direct to video film Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz was released on August 23 2011 and was the first made for video Tom and Jerry film made for Blu ray It had a preview showing on Cartoon Network Robin Hood and His Merry Mouse was released on Blu ray and DVD on October 2 2012 59 Tom and Jerry s Giant Adventure was released in 2013 on Blu ray and DVD 60 Tom and Jerry The Lost Dragon was released on DVD on September 2 2014 61 Tom and Jerry Spy Quest was released on DVD on June 23 2015 62 Tom and Jerry Back to Oz was released on DVD on June 21 2016 63 Tom and Jerry Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory was released on DVD on July 11 2017 64 A live action 2D animated hybrid film 65 was directed by Tim Story 66 and starred Chloe Grace Moretz 67 Michael Pena 68 Colin Jost 69 Rob Delaney and Ken Jeong 70 The film was released on February 26 2021 71 72 73 Controversies nbsp Frame from the short The Truce Hurts The characters in this shot have turned into black stereotypes after a passing car splashed mud on their faces Scenes such as this are frequently highly edited or cut from modern broadcasts of Tom and Jerry Like many animated cartoons from the 1930s to the 1950s Tom and Jerry featured racial stereotypes 7 After explosions for example characters with blasted faces would resemble stereotypical blacks with large lips and bow tied hair Perhaps the most controversial element of the show is the character Mammy Two Shoes a poor black maid who speaks in a stereotypical black accent Joseph Barbera who was responsible for these gags claimed that they did not reflect his racial opinion they were just reflecting what was common in society and cartoons at the time and were meant to be humorous 15 Today the blackface gags are often censored when these shots are aired Following the 1949 re issue of the 1943 Tom and Jerry short The Lonesome Mouse the NAACP which had begun protesting stereotypical and racist depictions of African Americans in Hollywood cinema began a campaign against the use of the maid character in the Tom and Jerry shorts 8 Lillian Randolph left her role as the voice of Mammy Two Shoes in 1952 to instead take a job on television in Amos amp Andy and Hanna and Barbera retired the character at that time 8 In the 1960s shorts featuring Mammy Two Shoes were re animated in part by Chuck Jones team at MGM alongside their work on the newer entries produced by Jones in order to be shown on television These versions of the shorts replace the African American maid with a white woman voiced by June Foray with an Irish accent 74 These versions of the Tom and Jerry shorts were broadcast on television until the MGM catalog s acquisition by Turner in 1986 Turner redubbed Mammy Two Shoes voice in these shorts in the mid 1990s to make the character sound less stereotypical Two shorts His Mouse Friday which depicts cannibals and A Mouse in the House which shows Mammy getting spanked repeatedly by Tom and Butch in the end resulting in racial abuse have been removed from circulation Two others in particular Casanova Cat which features a scene where Jerry s face is blackened by Tom with cigar smoke and he is forced to perform a minstrel dance and Mouse Cleaning where Tom is shown with blackface speaking in a stereotypical Negro dialect were omitted from DVD Blu ray releases Notably the other two Fraidy Cat showed Tom biting Mammy in the rear near the end and The Mouse Comes to Dinner including Jerry briefly dressing up as a Native American stereotype during the beginning have Mammy edited in complete absence At the start of the 2005 Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection Vol 2 DVD set a disclaimer by actress and comedian Whoopi Goldberg warns viewers about the potentially offensive material in the cartoons Goldberg s disclaimer emphasizes that the racial and ethnic stereotypes present in the shorts were wrong then and they are wrong today borrowing a phrase used in disclaimers done for Warner Bros Looney Tunes Golden Collection DVD sets This disclaimer is also used in the Tom and Jerry Golden Collection Volume 1 Blu ray DVD digital release as well nbsp Mammy Two Shoes in a scene from the Tom and Jerry short Saturday Evening Puss in which her full face was shown for the first time The cartoons you are about to see are products of their time They may depict some of the ethnic and racial prejudices that were commonplace in U S society These depictions were wrong then and they are wrong today While the following does not represent the Warner Bros view of today s society these cartoons are being presented as they were originally created because to do otherwise would be the same as claiming that these prejudices never existed Disclaimer by Whoopi Goldberg 75 Since 2020 all episodes featuring Mammy Two Shoes are no longer seen on Cartoon Network and Boomerang and are removed from the Boomerang app There are other shorts The Lonesome Mouse b Blue Cat Blues c and The Mouse from H U N G E R d that are found inappropriate for the intended audiences rather than just having racist contents and are censored from the two channels as well In 2006 the British version of the Boomerang channel made plans to edit Tom and Jerry cartoons being aired in the UK where the characters were seen to be smoking There was a subsequent investigation by UK media watchdog Ofcom 52 It has also taken the U S approach by censoring blackface gags though this seems to be random as not all scenes of this type are cut One Gene Deitch era short Buddies Thicker Than Water is shortened as one scene involves drunkenness In 2013 it was reported that Cartoon Network of Brazil censored 27 shorts on the grounds of being politically incorrect 76 In an official release the channel confirmed that it had censored only two shorts The Two Mouseketeers e and Heavenly Puss f by editorial issues and appropriateness of the content to the target audience children of 7 to 11 years 77 In other mediaComic books Tom and Jerry began appearing in comic books in 1942 as one of the features in Dell Comics Our Gang Comics In 1949 with MGM s live action Our Gang shorts having ceased production five years earlier the series was renamed Tom and Jerry Comics That title ran 212 issues with Dell before being handed off to Western Publishing where it ran until issue 344 in 1984 Tom and Jerry continued to appear in various comic books for the rest of the 20th century 78 Tom and Jerry comics were also extremely popular in Norway Germany Sweden the UK the Netherlands and Australia 79 A licensed European version has been drawn by Spanish artist Oscar Martin since 1986 Comic strip Tom and Jerry nbsp Author s Fred Quimby 1950 52 Kelly Jarvis 1989 94 Current status scheduleEndedLaunch dateApril 1 1950 73 years ago 1950 04 01 End dateMarch 13 1994 29 years ago 1994 03 13 Syndicate s Editors Press Service 1989 94 Genre s HumorA Tom and Jerry comic strip was syndicated from 1950 to 1952 Although credited to MGM animation studio head Fred Quimby experts believe the strips were ghosted by Gene Hazleton and possibly Ernie Stanzoni and Dan Gormley 80 Tom and Jerry was revived as a comic strip from 1989 to 1994 syndicated to the South American market by Editors Press Service The strip was produced by Kelley Jarvis 81 during this era with the exception of a short period in 1990 1991 when it was done by Paul Kupperberg amp Rich Maurizio 82 Tom to Jerry Nanairo Tom to Jerry Nanairo Japanese とむとじぇりーナナイロ romanized Tomu to Jeri Nanairo lit Tom and Jerry Seven Colors is a short lived series of Japanese comics authored by Chara Chara Makiart as a spin off of Tom and Jerry It was first featured in the August 2021 issue of the Nakayoshi magazine 83 Nanairo along with Chara Chara Makiart s other project Harapeko Penguin Cafe was cancelled in December 2021 as Kodansha Nakayoshi s publisher has terminated its contract with the creative unit after one of Makiart members was found guilty for sexually assaulting a minor 84 85 86 Video games Main article List of Tom and Jerry video games Musical adaptation A musical or music drama 音楽劇 ongaku geki adaptation of the cartoon series titled Tom and Jerry Purr Chance to Dream トムとジェリー 夢よもう一度 Tomu to Jeri Yume yo Mōichido debuted in Japan in 2019 in advance of the series upcoming 80th anniversary 87 88 The musical was composed by Masataka Matsutoya staged by Seiji Nozoe and written by Shigeki Motoiki 89 Cultural influencesThroughout the years the term and title Tom and Jerry became practically synonymous with never ending rivalry as much as the related cat and mouse fight metaphor has Yet in Tom and Jerry it was not the more powerful Tom who usually came out on top In 2005 TV Asahi ranked Tom and Jerry as 58th of the Top 100 Animated TV Series in Japan overall outranking titles like Rurouni Kenshin Initial D and even Macross 90 In January 2009 IGN named Tom and Jerry as the 66th best in the Top 100 Animated TV Shows 91 Atari named the main pair of chips in the Jaguar s chipset after the duo The Tom chip is its GPU while the Jerry chip is the DSP In popular culture This article may contain irrelevant references to popular culture Please remove the content or add citations to reliable and independent sources January 2017 In 1973 the magazine National Lampoon referenced Tom and Jerry in a violence filled comic book parody Kit n Kaboodle 92 93 94 In The Simpsons The Itchy amp Scratchy Show is a spoof of Tom and Jerry a cartoon within a cartoon 2 95 96 In an episode of the series titled Krusty Gets Kancelled Worker and Parasite a replacement cartoon for Itchy amp Scratchy is a reference to Soviet era animation 97 In an interview found on the DVD releases several Mad TV cast members stated that Tom and Jerry is one of their biggest influences for slapstick comedy Also in the Cartoon Network show MAD Tom and Jerry appear in three segments Celebrity Birthdays Mickey Mouse Exterminator Service and Tom and Jury Johnny Knoxville from Jackass has stated that watching Tom and Jerry inspired many of the stunts in the films 98 Home mediaThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed June 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message In the pre video era Tom and Jerry cartoons were a popular subject for 8mm home movies with the UK based Walton Films issuing dozens of titles as colour one reel Super 8 films in both silent and sound editions Walton s agreement with MGM obligated them to release the films in slightly edited form even though the single reel format would have comfortably accommodated the cartoons seven to eight minute running time MGM UA released a series of Tom and Jerry laserdisc box sets in the 1990s The Art of Tom amp Jerry volumes 1 and 2 contain all the MGM shorts up to but not including the Deitch Era including letterboxed versions of the shorts filmed in CinemaScope The cartoons are all intact save for His Mouse Friday dialogue has been wiped and Saturday Evening Puss which is the re drawn version with June Foray s voice added A third volume to The Art of Tom amp Jerry was released and contains all of the Chuck Jones era Tom and Jerry shorts There have been several Tom and Jerry DVDs released in Region 1 United States and Canada including a series of two disc sets known as the Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection There have been negative responses to Vol 1 and Vol 2 due to some of the cartoons included on each having cuts and redubbed Mammy Two Shoes dialogue A replacement program offering uncut versions of the shorts on DVD was later announced There are also negative responses to Vol 3 due to Mouse Cleaning and Casanova Cat being excluded from these sets and His Mouse Friday being edited for content with an extreme zooming in towards the end to avoid showing a particularly race based caricature There have been two Tom and Jerry DVD sets in Region 2 In Western Europe most of the Tom and Jerry shorts have been released only two The Million Dollar Cat and Busy Buddies were not included under the name Tom and Jerry The Classic Collection Almost all of the shorts contain re dubbed Mammy Two Shoes tracks Despite these cuts His Mouse Friday the only Tom and Jerry cartoon to be completely taken off the airwaves in some countries due to claims of racism is included unedited with the exception of zooming in as on the North American set These are regular TV prints sent from the U S in the 1990s Shorts produced in CinemaScope are presented in pan and scan Mouse Cleaning and Casanova Cat are presented uncut as part of these sets The Classic Collection is available in six double sided DVDs issued in the United Kingdom and 12 single layer DVDs issued throughout Western Europe Another Tom and Jerry Region 2 DVD set is available in Japan As with The Classic Collection in Western Europe almost all of the shorts including His Mouse Friday contain cuts Slicked up Pup Tom s Photo Finish Busy Buddies The Egg and Jerry Tops with Pops Feedin the Kiddie Shutter Bugged Cat along with all the Gene Deitch shorts are excluded from these sets However most of these cartoons are included in the UK version Most shorts produced in CinemaScope are presented in pan and scan for showing on the 4 3 aspect ratio television screen Prior to 2015 the Gene Deitch era shorts saw limited home media release outside of Europe and Asia In Japan all thirteen shorts were released on the Tom and Jerry amp Droopy laserdisc and VHS as well as on the bonus DVD for those who have purchased all the ten titles of the DVD collection series at its initial release In the United Kingdom the shorts are available on the second side of the Tom and Jerry The Classic Collection Volume 5 DVD In the United States The Tom and Jerry Cartoon Kit Down and Outing and Carmen Get It were included on the Paws for a Holiday VHS and DVD 99 the Summer Holidays DVD and the Musical Mayhem DVD respectively On June 2 2015 Tom and Jerry The Gene Deitch Collection DVD was released in the United States with all thirteen shorts as well as special features The Chuck Jones era Tom and Jerry shorts were released in a two disc set titled Tom and Jerry The Chuck Jones Collection on June 23 2009 100 On October 25 2011 Warner Home Video released the first volume of the Tom and Jerry Golden Collection on DVD and Blu ray 101 This set featured newly remastered prints and bonus material never before seen The sets were aimed at the collector in a way that the previous Spotlight DVD releases were not 102 A second set was due for release at June 11 2013 In February 2013 it was announced by TVShowsOnDVD com that Mouse Cleaning was not part of the list of cartoons on this release as well as the cartoon Casanova Cat that was also skipped over on the 2007 DVD release Many collectors and fans weasel words have posted negative reviews of the product on Amazon and other various websites to make Warner put Mouse Cleaning and Casanova Cat on the release 103 Theatrical shortsFor a list of all theatrical Tom and Jerry cartoon shorts see Tom and Jerry filmography The following cartoons won the Academy Award for Best Short Subject Cartoons 104 1943 The Yankee Doodle Mouse 1944 Mouse Trouble 1945 Quiet Please 1946 The Cat Concerto 1948 The Little Orphan 1952 The Two Mouseketeers 1953 Johann MouseThese cartoons were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Short Subject Cartoons but did not win 1940 Puss Gets the Boot 1941 The Night Before Christmas 1947 Dr Jekyll and Mr Mouse 1949 Hatch Up Your Troubles 1950 Jerry s Cousin 1954 Touche Pussy Cat TelevisionTelevision shows Seriesno Title Episodes Broadcast run Production company Original network Seasons1 The Tom and Jerry Show 1975 16 1975 Hanna Barbera ProductionsMGM Television ABC 12 The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show 15 1980 FilmationMGM Television CBS3 Tom amp Jerry Kids 65 1990 93 Hanna Barbera ProductionsTurner Entertainment Fox Kids 44 Tom and Jerry Tales 26 2006 08 Turner EntertainmentWarner Bros Animation Kids WB 25 The Tom and Jerry Show 2014 117 2014 21 Cartoon Network 2014 16 Boomerang SVOD 2017 21 Cartoon Network App 2021 56 Tom and Jerry Special Shorts 2 2021 HBO Max 17 Tom and Jerry in New York 13 28 Tom and Jerry 2022 6 2022 present FanworksStudio NanahosiTurner EntertainmentWarner Bros Japan Cartoon Network Japan 19 Tom and Jerry 2023 7 2023 present Turner EntertainmentWarner Bros Animation Cartoon Network Asia HBO GoPackaged shows and programming blocks Seriesno Title Broadcast run Original channel1 Tom and Jerry 1960s packaged show 1965 72 CBS2 Tom and Jerry 1967 2001 BBC3 Tom and Jerry s Funhouse on TBS 1986 95 TBS4 Cartoon Network s Tom and Jerry Show 1992 present Cartoon NetworkTelevision specials Title Release date1 Hanna Barbera s 50th A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration July 17 19892 Tom and Jerry Santa s Little Helpers 105 October 7 2014See also nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tom and Jerry nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Tom and Jerry nbsp Animation portal nbsp Film portal nbsp United States portalTom and Jerry filmography Tom and Jerry Tales Episodes List of Tom and Jerry characters Golden age of American animation Metro Goldwyn Mayer cartoon studio and MGM Animation Visual Arts List of works produced by Hanna Barbera Productions List of Hanna Barbera characters Oggy and the Cockroaches Pakdam PakdaiNotes Generally loanwords and non Japanese names are transliterated in katakana like トム Tom and ジェリー Jerry However the series title uses hiragana to spell out the names of Tom とむ and Jerry じぇりー 47 This short which was released during World War II 1943 contains a reference where Jerry paint marks on a picture of Tom s face like Adolf Hitler and then spits on it This scene is cut out of reruns The subplot of this short is considered dark since it had references of alcoholism and suicide The beginning of this short contains rapid flickering from the projector which this technique was notorious for inducing epileptic seizures This short has a dark offscreen ending where Tom was guillotined The subplot of this short is considered dark since it had a reference of damnation in Hell References Jones Paul February 17 2015 Tom and Jerry s 75th anniversary proves cat and mouse games never get old Radio Times Archived from the original on July 18 2015 Retrieved February 10 2018 a b Whitworth Melissa December 20 2006 Master cartoonist who created Tom and Jerry draws his last The Daily Telegraph LONDON p 9 Hanna William Joseph Barbera with Ted Sennett 1989 The Art of Hanna Barbera Fifty Years of Creativity New York NY Viking Studio Books ISBN 978 0 670 82978 1 Smoodin Eric Cartoon and Comic Classicism High Art Histories of Lowbrow Culture American Literary History 4 1 Spring 1992 Sample audio introduction to an episode of Don t You Believe It January 4 1947 mp3 audio Archived from the original on August 21 2016 Retrieved October 1 2013 Recording of Don t You Believe It from January 4 1947 My Old Radio Show Retrieved October 2 2013 a b Brian Behnken 2015 Racism in American Popular Media From Aunt Jemima to the Frito Bandito Abc Clio pp 92 99 ISBN 978 1 440 82977 2 a b c Lehman Christopher P 2007 The Colored cartoon Black representation in American animated short films 1907 1954 Amherst University of Massachusetts Press pp 97 99 ISBN 978 1 61376 119 9 OCLC 794701592 Tom and Jerry Oxford English Dictionary 2 ed 1989 McMahon Sean O Donoghue Jo 2004 Brewer s Dictionary of Irish Phrase amp Fable London Weidenfeld amp Nicolson p 799 ISBN 978 0 304 36334 6 a b c d Voger Mark May 22 1994 Cartoon czars Asbury Park Press Retrieved January 19 2019 via Newspapers com a b c d e f g Arnold William August 8 1993 Tom and Jerry make their big screen comeback Caster Star Tribune Retrieved January 18 2019 via Newspapers com a b c d e f g h i Low Down More than 20 things you ll need to know about Tom amp Jerry The Observer September 22 1991 p 79 Retrieved January 20 2019 via Newspapers com a b Beck amp Maltin 1987 p 287 a b Leonard Maltin 1997 Interview with Joseph Barbera Digital Archive of American Television Barbera 1994 p 76 Cryer Max March 2014 Is It True The facts behind the things we have been told Exisle Publishing p 118 ISBN 978 1 77559 151 1 Beck amp Maltin 1987 p 289 a b c d How Bill And Joe Met Tom And Jerry Documentary featurette 2004 a b Rare Tom amp Jerry Cell Rembrandt Films Retrieved August 17 2010 a b c Brion p 34 MacDougall Kent June 11 1962 Popeye Tom amp Jerry Join Trend to Shift Production Overseas The Wall Street Journal Retrieved August 17 2010 a b c d P Lehman Christopher 2007 The Cartoons of 1961 1962 American Animated Cartoons of the Vietnam Era A Study of Social Commentary in Films and Television Programs 1961 1973 McFarland amp Company pp 23 24 ISBN 978 0 7864 2818 2 Grimes William April 27 2010 Allen Swift Voice Actor for Radio and TV Dies at 86 The New York Times Retrieved May 13 2010 a b c d Deitch Gene 2015 Tom and Jerry and Genein Tom and Jerry The Gene Deitch Collection DVD 20th Century Fox a b c d Deitch Gene 2001 Tom amp Jerry The First Reincarnation Animation World Network Archived from the original on December 26 2009 Retrieved September 27 2009 Nessel Jen August 9 1998 a spicy funny memoir Archived July 11 2011 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times Retrieved August 17 2010 Tom and Jerry Laughter Is Pain Tom amp Jerry The Gene Deitch Collection cartoonresearch com Retrieved August 21 2017 North Jonathan June 21 2015 Tom and Jerry The Gene Deitch Collection DVD Review Rotoscopers com Archived from the original on September 12 2015 Retrieved November 6 2015 KC June 23 2009 Tom and Jerry The Chuck Jones Collection Comics Worth Reading Retrieved July 14 2023 a b c d Adams T R 1991 Tom and Jerry Fifty Years of Cat and Mouse New York NY Crescent Books ISBN 978 0 517 05688 2 Erickson Hal 2005 Television Cartoon Shows An Illustrated Encyclopedia 1949 Through 2003 2nd ed McFarland amp Co pp 858 862 ISBN 978 1476665993 Kids WB on The CW Announces 2006 2007 Too Big for Your TV Saturday Morning Programming Schedule Cartoons ToyNewsI com Retrieved November 16 2012 Cartoon Network Upfront Presentation 2013 About com Archived from the original on January 3 2014 Retrieved January 3 2014 The Tom and Jerry Show Coming to Cartoon Network Big Cartoon News October 8 2012 Archived from the original on December 6 2012 Children in Need 2014 Tom and Jerry chase their way through EastEnders Strictly Match of the Day and The Apprentice Retrieved August 21 2017 WB Kids May 19 2016 Tom amp Jerry Sorry Safari YouTube Google LLC Archived from the original on October 28 2021 Retrieved June 23 2020 WB Kids June 7 2016 Tom amp Jerry It s Greek to Me Ow YouTube Google LLC Archived from the original on October 28 2021 Retrieved June 23 2020 WB Kids June 17 2016 Tom amp Jerry Back to Oz What s Happening YouTube Google LLC Archived from the original on October 28 2021 Retrieved June 23 2020 WB Kids January 3 2017 Tom amp Jerry Tom s Top 10 Bad Guy Moments YouTube Google LLC Archived from the original on October 28 2021 Retrieved June 23 2020 WB Kids April 6 2017 Tom amp Jerry Outsmarting Tom Compilation YouTube Google LLC Archived from the original on October 28 2021 Retrieved June 23 2020 WB Kids April 6 2017 Tom amp Jerry Tom Vs Spike WB Kids YouTube Google LLC Archived from the original on October 28 2021 Retrieved June 23 2020 Cartoon Crave thecartooncrave February 20 2021 TOM AND JERRY SPECIAL SHORTS is now available on HBO Max Tweet Retrieved July 26 2021 via Twitter TOM amp JERRY SPECIAL SHORTS Released on HBO Max Review CARTOON NEWS YouTube archived from the original on October 28 2021 retrieved March 1 2021 New Tom and Jerry Shorts Are Streaming on HBO Max Rotoscopers February 21 2021 Retrieved February 27 2021 a b c Tom and Jerry Get a Kawaii Makeover for New Made in Japan Series Animation Magazine November 16 2022 Retrieved May 7 2023 a b 日本オリジナル新ショートアニメ とむとじぇりー カートゥーン ネットワーク 11 11 金 世界初放送 Press release in Japanese Turner Japan PR Times November 8 2022 Retrieved May 7 2023 本オリジナル新ショートアニメーションシリーズ とむとじぇりー 新話数公開 Press release in Japanese Fanworks February 10 2023 Retrieved May 7 2023 Frater Patrick July 25 2023 Tom and Jerry Asia Version Set at Cartoon Network HBO Go Variety Retrieved July 26 2023 Tom And Jerry Tv Show Program Creators ixazawixamab tk Retrieved September 14 2019 permanent dead link a b Smoke s no joke for Tom and Jerry BBC News August 21 2006 Retrieved May 25 2010 日本全国徹底調査 好きなアニメランキング100 November 24 2005 Archived from the original on November 24 2005 Retrieved November 16 2012 Bob the Builder fixed for Japan BBC News Tom amp Jerry Comes to Pakistan with Omore Choco Bar Brandsynario August 25 2015 Retrieved August 21 2017 Bob Thomas Building a Company Roy O Disney and the Creation of an Entertainment Empire Eventually Disneys lent out their effects wizard Joshua Meador to spruce up MGM s 1956 Forbidden Planet McBride Joseph October 2 1992 Review Tom and Jerry Variety Archived from the original on August 19 2014 Retrieved August 19 2014 Solomon Charles July 30 1993 Movie Review Tom and Jerry A Bland Cat and Mouse Chase The formulaic story feels like a rerun and borrows characters from many other classics Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on October 19 2013 Retrieved August 19 2014 Liu Ed August 9 2012 PR Tom amp Jerry Robin Hood and His Merry Mouse Comes to Blu ray and DVD on October 2 2012 ToonZone Archived from the original on July 13 2015 Retrieved October 2 2012 Tom and Jerry s Giant Adventure Blu ray Blu ray com April 25 2013 Retrieved April 25 2013 Wolfe Jennifer June 26 2014 Tom and Jerry The Lost Dragon Hits Shelves Sept 2 Animation World Network Retrieved July 25 2014 Tom and Jerry Team up with Jonny Quest in Tom and Jerry Spy Quest Forces of Geek March 17 2015 Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved March 20 2015 Tom and Jerry Back to Oz DVD Release on June 21 www MrsKathyKing com April 15 2016 Retrieved August 21 2017 Tom and Jerry Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory Trailer Confuses the Internet Collider April 20 2017 Kroll Justin October 15 2018 Tom and Jerry Scooby Doo Movies Land Top Talent at Warner Animation Group EXCLUSIVE Variety Prasad R A Karthik January 24 2019 Tom And Jerry Live Action Movie Will Begin Production In Summer 2019 Plot Details Pursue News Retrieved January 28 2019 Sneider Jeff April 26 2019 Exclusive Chloe Grace Moretz to Star in WB s Tom and Jerry Movie Collider Retrieved April 26 2019 N Duka Amanda May 21 2019 Michael Pena Joins Hybrid Tom amp Jerry Movie at Warner Bros Deadline Retrieved May 21 2019 D Alessandro Anthony July 2 2019 Saturday Night Live s Colin Jost Joins Warner Bros Tom And Jerry Deadline Retrieved July 2 2019 Couch Aaron July 30 2019 Warner Bros Tom and Jerry Adds Ken Jeong and Rob Delaney The Hollywood Reporter MRC Media and Info Archived from the original on July 30 2019 Retrieved July 30 2019 McClintock Pamela March 12 2019 Anne Hathaway s Sesame Street Movie Lands Winter 2021 Release The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved March 14 2019 Welk Brian October 25 2019 Tom and Jerry Live Action and Animated Hybrid Film Moves Up to Christmas 2020 Release TheWrap Retrieved October 25 2019 D Alessandro Anthony June 12 2020 Matrix 4 Moves To 2022 Godzilla Vs Kong Stomps To 2021 amp More Warner Bros Release Date Change Friday Deadline Hollywood Retrieved June 12 2020 Cohen Karl F 1997 Forbidden animation censored cartoons and blacklisted animators in America Jefferson N C McFarland amp Co p 57 ISBN 0 7864 0395 0 OCLC 37246766 Tom and Jerry Cartoons Get Racial Prejudices Disclaimer on iTunes The Hollywood Reporter March 10 2014 Retrieved March 9 2016 Cartoon Network tira do ar Tom e Jerry politicamente incorreto O Globo in Portuguese September 25 2013 Archived from the original on February 22 2014 Retrieved September 25 2013 Cartoon Network confirma que tirou do ar apenas DOIS episodios de Tom amp Jerry in Portuguese Judao September 26 2013 Archived from the original on September 28 2013 Retrieved September 26 2013 Tom and Jerry Comics August 25 2006 Archived from the original on August 25 2006 Retrieved November 16 2012 Grand Comics Database Accessed Jan 6 2019 Apeldoorn Ger The Eternal Cat an Mouse Game The Fabuleous Fifties June 30 2009 Jarvis entry Lambiek s Comiclopedia Accessed Jan 6 2019 AUCTION Kelly Jarvis Signed Tom amp Jerry 3 21 1990 Original Pen amp Ink Comic Strip Actually Published in Newspaper PA LOA www pristineauction com Retrieved August 23 2019 花森ぴんく ぴちぴちピッチ の新章が次号のなかよしで連載開始 主人公はるちあの娘 Natalie in Japanese Natasha Inc July 2 2021 Retrieved May 8 2023 Pineda Rafael Antonio December 14 2021 Manga Creator in Chara Chara Makiart Unit Found Guilty of Sexual Assault on Minor Anime News Network Retrieved May 8 2023 なかよし連載の はらぺこペンギンカフェ など連載終了 著者と契約破棄 Natalie in Japanese Natasha Inc December 14 2021 Retrieved May 8 2023 なかよし 連載2作品終了 著者と契約破棄 原作担当が女児わいせつで有罪判決 卑劣かつ悪質 J Cast News in Japanese J Cast December 14 2021 Retrieved May 8 2023 Tom and Jerry Musical Purr Chance to Dream Tokyo Japan Kuru Global Daily Co Ltd September 2019 Retrieved September 25 2019 音楽劇 トムとジェリー 夢よもう一度 August 31 2019 音楽劇 トムとジェリー 夢よもう一度 9月東京公演 10月大阪公演 Music Drama Tom and Jerry Purr Chance to Dream Tokyo Performance in September Osaka Performance in October in Japanese YouTube Archived from the original on October 28 2021 Retrieved September 25 2019 音楽劇 トムとジェリー 夢よもう一度 オフィシャルホームべージ 音楽劇 トムとジェリー 夢よもう一度 in Japanese meteodesign Retrieved September 25 2019 TV Asahi Top 100 Anime June 12 2023 IGN 66 Tom and Jerry Tv ign com Archived from the original on October 8 2012 Retrieved November 16 2012 Who Were Itchy amp Scratchy Modeled After The Krusty the Clown Homepage 1999 Archived from the original on November 18 1999 Retrieved September 17 2015 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Simonson Mark 1997 June 1973 Mark s Very Large National Lampoon Site Archived from the original on August 10 2015 Retrieved September 17 2015 Kit n Kaboodle National Lampoon 6 6 33 June 1973 Rhodes Joe October 21 2000 Flash 24 Simpsons Stars Reveal Themselves TV Guide Groening Matt 2002 The Simpsons season 2 DVD commentary for the episode Itchy amp Scratchy amp Marge DVD 20th Century Fox Groening Matt 2004 DVD Commentary for Krusty Gets Kancelled in The Simpsons The Complete Fourth Season DVD 20th Century Fox Behind the Scenes with Johnny Knoxville Vice Magazine Archived from the original on October 7 2013 Retrieved December 3 2010 Pratt Douglas June 2004 Tom and Jerry Paws for a Holiday Warner 65721 Doug Pratt s DVD Movies Television Art Adult and More Volume 2 L Z Douglas Pratt p 1247 ISBN 978 1 932916 00 3 Tom and Jerry New 2 DVD set collects the Chuck Jones Shorts into One Package Tvshowsondvd com Archived from the original on October 18 2012 Retrieved November 16 2012 Tom and Jerry DVD news Announcement for Tom and Jerry Golden Collection Volume 1 TVShowsOnDVD com Archived from the original on October 19 2012 Retrieved November 16 2012 The Bugs Bunny Looney Tunes Comedy Hour DVD news Jerry Beck guest stars on Stu s Show TVShowsOnDVD com May 25 2007 Archived from the original on October 4 2012 Retrieved November 16 2012 Tom and Jerry DVD news Details for Tom and Jerry Golden Collection Volume 2 TVShowsOnDVD com tvshowsondvd com Archived from the original on August 21 2017 Retrieved August 21 2017 Vallance Tom December 20 2006 Joseph Barbera Animation pioneer whose creations with William Hanna included the Flintstones and Tom and Jerry The Independent London Tom and Jerry Santa s Little Helpers DVD DVD Movies amp TV On Sale WBshop Savings WBshop com Warner Bros Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved August 21 2017 References Barbera Joseph 1994 My Life in Toons From Flatbush to Bedrock in Under a Century Turner Publishing ISBN 978 1 57036 042 8 Beck Jerry Maltin Leonard 1987 Of Mice and Magic A History of American Animated Cartoons Revised and Updated Edition Plume ISBN 978 0 452 25993 5 Further readingAdams T R 1991 Tom and Jerry Fifty Years of Cat and Mouse Crescent Books ISBN 0 517 05688 7 Aravind Aju Mammy Two Shoes Subversion and Reaffirmation of Racial Stereotypes in Tom and Jerry The IUP Journal of History and Culture Vol V No 3 July 2011 Pp 76 83 ISSN 0973 8517 Barrier Michael 1999 Hollywood Cartoons American Animation in Its Golden Age Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 503759 6 Brion Patrick 1990 Tom amp Jerry The Definitive Guide to their Animated Adventures New York Harmony Books ISBN 978 0 517 57351 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tom and Jerry amp oldid 1200662022, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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