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Timeline of the Front de libération du Québec

The following is a timeline of the FLQ, from the founding of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) in the early 1960s to the publishing of the enquiry commission reports in the 1980s.

Contents : 196219631964196519661967196819691970197119721973197419751976197719781979198019811982

1962 edit

  • On October 31, the Comité de libération nationale is founded secretly by four RIN (Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale) militants: Jacques Désormeaux, Jacques Lucques, Robert Aubin and Philippe Bernard.
  • In November, 24 RIN militants form the Réseau de Résistance (RR) during a meeting at the home of Montreal's new regional executive president, Rodrigue Guité.[2]
  • The Sunday following the first meeting, members of the Resistance Network paint English-only posters with "Free Quebec" and throw several Red Ensigns and the Flag of the United Kingdom into the trash in Saint-Sauveur.[2]

1963 edit

  • On February 23, a Molotov cocktail is thrown through the window of the English-language radio CKGM in Montreal. The RR claims responsibility.[3][4]
  • Late February, founding of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) by Gabriel Hudon, Georges Schoeters and Raymond Villeneuve, who had met through the RR.
  • On March 8, three military barracks located in Montreal and Westmount are attacked with FLQ incendiary bombs during the night.
  • In mid-March, the first dynamite stealing was conducted at a construction site of the Montreal Metro, followed by another one at the location of the future Laurier station.
  • On March 29, the statue of James Wolfe on the Plains of Abraham is unbolted, falls and breaks in several pieces.[3][5]
  • On April 1, three bombs explode: one at a Federal Tax building, a second at the Central Station located in Montreal, and a third on a railway belonging to the CN. The bomb set to explode on the CN railway is discovered before the passing of the train transporting Prime Minister of Canada John Diefenbaker. He exclaimed "Is this Ireland?" upon learning of the attempt.[6]
  • On April 6, 24 sticks of dynamite are laid at the foot of the Radio-Canada transmission tower on Mount Royal.[7] A technical defect prevents the explosion.
  • On April 12, in a joint operation of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and the Montreal police service, dozens of searches are done in residences of militants for the independence of Quebec belonging to various associations. 20 people are arrested and interrogated, including Raoul Roy, Édouard Cloutier, Jacques Lucques. The event was dubbed the "Razzia du Vendredi saint".[8]
  • On April 16, publishing of the first FLQ manifesto entitled "Message du FLQ à la Nation". (online)
  • On April 19, the RIN and the ASIQ (of which several members were arrested on April 12) protest before the headquarters of the RCMP in Westmount.
  • On April 20, at night, a bomb sets off against the RCMP headquarters in Westmount.
  • On April 21, Wilfred O'Neil, night guard at the Canadian Forces Recruiting Centre in Montreal is killed in the explosion of a bomb claimed by the FLQ.[3][9]
  • On May 3, three bomb attacks are perpetrated: one bomb explodes at the building of Royal Canadian Legion Veterans at Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, another is found and disarmed at the central post office and another, not armed, is found at the headquarters of the Solbec Copper mining company.
  • On May 7, the City of Montreal offers $10,000 CAD to whoever can provide information leading to the capture of FLQ members.
  • On May 10, a dynamite charge explodes at night against the wall of the BlackWatch regiment building in Montreal.[10]
  • On May 13, a bomb explodes at the Technical Service Unit of the Canadian Air Force located in Mont-Royal.
  • On May 16, an explosive device sets off near the reservoirs of the Golden Eagle refinery located at Pointe-aux-Trembles.
  • On May 17, the FLQ places ten bombs in as many residential mailboxes of the town of Westmount. Each bomb is made of four dynamite sticks. Five of these ten bombs explode toward 3:00 am. Walter Leja, Sergeant Major of the Canadian Army, is injured while trying to disarm one of the explosive devices.
  • On May 19, the government of Quebec offers $50,000 to whoever will be able to provide information leading to the capture of FLQ members. The City of Montreal raises its reward from $10,000 to $60,000.
  • On May 20, Victoria Day, 75 dynamite sticks explode against the wall of an arms room belonging to the 1st battalion of the Canadian Army's technical services in Montreal (nicknamed "Opération Chénier" by the FLQ, in honour of Jean-Olivier Chénier).
  • On June 1:
    • The eight main leaders of the FLQ gather at Denis Lamoureux's apartment to discuss the reorganization and expansion of their group. Is then planned the division of the movement into two sections: a political section, the FLQ, and a military section, the Armée de libération du Québec (ALQ). Jean-Jacques Lanciault, who participates to the discussion, is a delator for the police and wins the $60,000 award of the City of Montreal for his information. Thanks to Lanciault's information, the police forces will arrest 23 militants and dismantle a complete network of the FLQ.
  • On June 16, 18 people associated to the FLQ are arrested.[11]
  • One June xx, Bernard Smith, Jean-Marc Léger, Pierre De Bellefeuille, André Morel, Marcel Rioux, Michel Chartrand, Jean-Victor Dufresne, Réginald Boisvert, Marcel Dubé and René Chaloult found the Comité Chénier, a committee of support to the convicts.
  • One June 30, founding of the Parti socialiste du Québec (PSQ).
  • On July xx, Jean Lasalle, Jean Gagnon, Jules Duchastel, André Wattier, Robert Hudon set up the Armée de libération du Québec.[12]
  • On July 12, the FLQ set off a powerful dynamite explosion in the Parc Victoria in Quebec City, blowing apart a monument to Queen Victoria; the statue's head was later found 100 yards away.[13][14]
  • On July 19, the federal government of Lester B. Pearson sets up the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism.
  • On August 22, a bomb explodes underneath a railroad bridge of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) near Kahnawake.[14]
  • On August 26, 700 dynamite sticks are stolen from the construction site of Autoroute 15, near Saint-Sauveur.[14]
  • On August 27, Jacques Lanctôt, Guy De Grasse and Richard Bros are arrest on the charge of setting fire to two military barracks located in Montreal, as well as the building of the Royal Canadian Legion in Laval-Ouest and a shelter belonging to the Canadian National Railways on île Bigras.[15]
  • On September 26, five members of the ALQ performed an armed robbery in a Royal Bank of Canada office. $7,000 are stolen. Two people are arrested in connection with the robbery: Jules Duchastel and Claude Soulières.[16]
  • In October, publishing of the first issue of La Cognée, the official publication of the FLQ.[17] (66 issues are printed between 1963 and 1967.)
  • On October 7, Gabriel Hudon, Raymond Villeneuve, Jacques Giroux and Yves Labonté, arrested on the 16, plead guilty to the charge of involuntary homicide.[11]
  • On October 9, two bombs are discovered and disarmed in post offices located in Longueuil and Saint-Lambert.
  • On October 16, the police arrests Barnabe Garcia, a political refugee from Spain who arrived in Canada in 1957.
  • On November 26, the ALQ steals radio transmission equipment from the CHEF station of Grandby.

1964 edit

  • On January 30, between 7:30 and 9:00, the ALQ performs an important arms robbery from the barracks of the Fusiliers Mont-Royal Regiment located in Montreal. The arms stolen are worth about $20,000: 59 Belgian semi-automatic rifles (FN 7.62×51mm NATO), four BREN rifles, 34 Sten submachine guns, 4 60-millimetre mortars, 3 Bazooka rocket launchers, some grenades, 5 Browning automatic revolvers, 13,000 bullets (calibre 22), 2,000 calibre 7.62 and 2,300 calibre 303, as well as 15 radio transceivers, two portable phones, headlamps, electrical wires, one Gestetner stencil duplicator, sheets, etc.
  • On February 1, military guards are posted 24 hours on 24 before all barracks in the Montreal metropolitan area.
  • On February 20, between 7:46 and 11:15, the ALQ performs an arms and equipment robbery from the barrack of the 62nd regiment of campaign artillery in Shawinigan. The stolen material is estimated at $25,000: 33 semi-automatic rifles FN 7.62, pistols, a good quantity of bullets, 12 transceivers, one stencil duplicator, combat uniforms and UN blue helmets.
  • On February 27, members of the ALQ rob a Desjardins credit union branch in Shawinigan and leave with $9,000.
  • On March 2, a bomb made out of 10 dynamite sticks, wrapped in a Union Jack, is disarmed on the plains of Abraham.
  • On March 14, a criminal fire causes $15,000 worth of damages at captain Henri Francoeur's residence. Francoeur is assistant to inspector Russell Senécal of the Combined Antiterrorist Squad (CATS).
  • On March 30, the police arrests and interrogates Jacques Désormeaux, André Normand, Roger Normand, Jean Goulet, Jean Cloutier, Louis-Philippe Aubert and Bernard Mataigne.
  • On April 9, following the armed robbery of a Banque Canadienne Nationale branch located in Mont-Rolland, the police apprehends Jean Lasalle, Jean Gagnon and René Dion of the ALQ.
  • On April 21, 38th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II, a bomb made out of ten dynamite sticks is found and disarmed below the Queen Victoria monument located on the campus of McGill University.
  • On May 5, Robert Hudon becomes the last ALQ militant to be apprehended. The others, André Wattier, Pierre Nadon, Claude Perron and Maurice Leduc were apprehended between April 21 and May 5.
  • On May 8, the eight members of the ALQ appear before the court. 50 different charges weight on them in total.
  • On May 30, a bomb is found and disarmed below a statue raised in memory of the Canadian soldiers who died for the British Empire during the Boers War. The statue is located near the Parliament buildings in Quebec City.
  • In June, founding of the Armée révolutionnaire du Québec (ARQ) led by François Schirm.[18]
  • On June 18, Hubert Aquin, militant of the RIN, publicly announces that he has "declared total war on all enemies of the independence of Québec". (The communiqué is published the day after in Le Devoir and other papers.)
  • On August 29, the ARQ attacks the International Firearms armoury located in Montreal. Two employees, Leslie McWilliams and Alfred Pinish are killed.[18]
  • In September, the ARQ is dismantled by police forces who arrest some 20 militants.
  • In September, publishing of the first issue of Révolution québécoise review, led by Pierre Vallières and Charles Gagnon.
  • On November 2, a bomb explodes on the CFCF radio and CFCF-TV transmission tour.

1965 edit

  • On February 16, the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) announces they have prevented the perpetration of a plot by the Black Liberation Front and the FLQ which consisted in dynamiting the Statue of Liberty and other American monuments. Arrests were done on both sides of the border. Michèle Duclos was arrested in New York with dynamite in her car.[19]
  • In April, The Pentagon begins an enquiry into the "revolutionary activities" of Quebec. It is called Project Revolt.
  • On April 30, explosion of a bomb at Place Victoria in Montreal.[20]
  • On May 1, a bomb explodes at the United States consul located in Montreal.[20]
  • On June 14, a bomb explodes at the RCMP headquarters in Quebec City.
  • In June, Pierre Vallières founds the Mouvement de libération populaire (MLP). With Charles Gagnon, he joins the FLQ.
  • On July 1, a bomb explodes in the Westmount City hall.
  • On July 2, a bomb explodes against the CKTS English-language radio transmission tower in Sherbrooke.
  • On July 15, members of the FLQ are arrested at La Macaza military station (Laurentides). One Sûreté du Québec (SQ) police officer is taken hostage.[21]
  • On July 28, a bomb explodes at the headquarters of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) in Montreal.[22]
  • On August 2, bombs explode underneath a CP railroad bridge in Bordeaux and on a CN railroad track in Sainte-Madelaine.[22]
  • On August 22, the police dismantles an FLQ cell led by Gaston Collin, a former military officer.
  • On November 1, a bomb explodes the Palais du Commerce de Montréal during a Liberal Party of Canada convention which Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson was attending.

1966 edit

  • In January, the Vallières-Gagnon group begins operating under the FLQ banner.
  • On May 5, a letter bomb sets off at the Lagrenade shoe factory in Montreal during a strike by the CSN.[18] Thérèse Morin, secretary, is mortally wounded, dying en route to the hospital.[23]
  • On May 22, a bomb explodes at the Dominion Textile in Drummondville.
  • On June 3, a bomb explodes at Centre Paul-Sauvé during a convention of the Liberal Party of Quebec to which Jean Lesage attends.
  • On July 14, Jean Corbo (brother of Claude Corbo) dies in a bomb explosion which he himself arms at a Dominion Textile factory located in the Saint-Henri neighbourhood in Montreal.
  • In August and September, the Vallières-Gagnon group is dismantled. Some 20 militants are arrested.
  • On September 25, Pierre Vallières and Charles Gagnon picket before the United Nations building in New York. They are arrested and imprisoned, after which they do a hunger strike which lasts 30 days. (Their extradition occurs in January 1967.)
  • In November, a group of citizens form the Comité d'aide au groupe Vallières-Gagnon.

1967 edit

  • On January 1, a mailbox explodes in front of the Montreal Anglo-American Trust office.
  • On January 13, Pierre Vallières and Charles Gagnon enter prison in Montreal.
  • May 1967, DND instructed Military bases in Quebec to ensure personnel in uniform carry side arms when in public.
  • On July 27, the Mouvement de libération du Québec (MLQ) claims responsibility for the bombing of Greenfield Park City Hall.
  • On September 12, two bombs explode at MacDonald High School in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue.
  • On October 16, a bomb explodes in a Seven-Up factory in Mont-Royal during a strike.[24]
  • In November, publishing of the first issue of La Victoire.[25]

1968 edit

  • On March 14, Jacques Désormeaux, member of the La Cognée network, is arrested by the police.
  • On March 15, the book Nègres blancs d'Amérique; autobiographie précoce d'un « terroriste » québécois by Pierre Vallières is published by the Éditions Parti Pris.
  • On May 11, a bomb explodes in a Seven-Up factory in Mont-Royal.
  • On May 24, a bomb explodes at the United States consul in Montreal.
  • On May 27, the Comité d'aide au groupe Vallières-Gagnon organizes the show Chansons et poèmes de la résistance. (Similar shows are held afterwards in various locations.)
  • On September 25, a bomb explodes at the MacDonald monument on Dominion Square in Montreal.
  • On October 14, bomb explode at the headquarters of the PLQ and the Union nationale (UN).
  • On November 12, a bomb explodes at the Chambre de commerce de Montréal.
  • On November 22, two bombs explode at the Eaton store of downtown Montreal.
  • In November, Raymond Villeneuve leaves Canada for Cuba with three acolytes.
  • On December 31, four bombs explode the same day.

1969 edit

  • On January 2, three mail boxes located near federal offices explode.
  • On January 8, a bomb explodes near the domicile of Jean-Paul Gilbert, Montreal chief of police.
  • On February 13, a bomb explodes at the building of the Montreal Stock Exchange. Some 27 people are injured.
  • On March 4, Pierre-Paul Geoffroy, a former fireman, is arrested by the police. The network bearing his name is partly dismantled.
  • On March 28, François Mario Bachand and other members of the FLQ organize the Opération McGill français. Some 15,000 people demonstrate on the university campus.
  • In April, François Mario Bachand joins Raymond Villeneuve in Cuba.
  • On May 5, Pierre Charette and Alain Allard of the Geoffroy network operate the hijacking of a Boeing 727 from the National Airlines flying between New York and Miami.
  • On June 15, a bomb explodes at the headquarters of the Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Sherbrooke (SSJBS). (The SSJBS had invited Pierre Trudeau to preside the religious ceremonies of June 24.)
  • On September 29, a bomb explodes at the domicile of Jean Drapeau, the Mayor of Montreal.
  • On November 20, 1969, at 9:03 pm a bomb exploded in the ground floor stairwell of the Communications Arts building (Bryon building) at Loyola College. Damage to the building was estimated at $150,000. Despite there being hundreds of evening students in classrooms on the upper floors of the building, fortunately there were no injuries.
  • On December 19, Pierre Trudeau, Robertson, and some federal ministers call Commissioner Higget in a meeting to order the RCMP secret service to treat the Quebec separatist movement as was then the communist movement.

1970 edit

  • On February 20, Charles Gagnon is released on bail after three years and five months in prison.
  • On February 26, Jacques Lanctôt and Pierre Marcil are arrested and released on bail. After their release, Montreal police determine they were plotting to kidnap Moshe Golan, consul of Israel.
  • On April 5, Raymond Villeneuve, François Mario Bachand, André Garand, Pierre Charette and Alain Allard leave Havana for Genoa on the Cuban freighter the Matanzas. Villeneuve, Bachand and Garand disembarque at Genoa and continue to Paris. Charette and Allard, who are without passports, are refused admission by Italian authorities and return to Havana.
  • June 24, FLQ bombing of National Defence Headquarters building in Ottawa kills Jeanne d'Arc Saint-Germain.[26]
  • On June 30, the Mouvement pour la défense des prisonniers politiques du Québec (MDPPQ) relays the Comité d'aide au groupe Vallières-Gagnon.
  • July 3, bomb explodes at Petrofina Refinery at Point aux Trembles, East Montreal Island. A communiqué, written by Nigel Hamer, is published in Le Journal de Montréal two days later.[27]
  • On July 12, a bombing attempt was made on the Bank of Montreal downtown but was defused before it exploded.
  • On October 5:
    • At 8:15, James Richard Cross, British trade commissioner in Montreal, is kidnapped by a group of armed men belonging to the FLQ Liberation Cell.[18]
    • In the afternoon, the FLQ communicates a series of seven demands in exchange for the liberation of the hostage.
  • On October 6, the FLQ manifesto is published in various newspapers.
    • Mitchell Sharp, the Canadian Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, claims the government will not give into the demands.
  • On October 7, the police forces arrest 30 people. Journalist Louis Fournier of the CKAC radio station read the manifesto online. The Quebec Minister of Justice, Jérôme Choquette, states that he is willing to negotiate at any moment to liberate the hostage.
  • On October 8, the announcer Gaétan Montreuil reads the FLQ manifesto on Radio-Canada television.
  • On October 9:
    • The FLQ Liberation Cell extends the deadline for Cross's execution its demands to be met to October 10, 6 P.M.
    • Claude Ryan, editor in chief of the daily newspaper Le Devoir, suggest in an editorial that the government should negotiate.
  • On October 10:
    • René Lévesque, in an article of the Journal de Montréal, invites the kidnappers to abandon violence.
    • Jérôme Choquette asserts to the media that he is ready to offer an exit door to the kidnapper if they free the hostage.
    • At 18:00, Pierre Laporte, Vice Premier and Minister of Employment and Labour, is kidnapped by members of the FLQ's Chénier Cell.
  • On October 11,
    • Pierre Laporte writes a letter to Robert Bourassa, his personal friend, to tell him he is well treated and to ask him to negotiate his liberation.
    • FLQ Lawyer Robert Lemieux is arrested and imprisoned under the charge of hindering police work.
  • On October 12:
    • At 7:00, Pierre Laporte writes a letter to his wife to tell her he is doing fine and is well treated.
    • Canadian soldiers are dispatched to Ottawa to ensure the protection of various politicians and protect federal buildings.
    • Robert Demers, treasurer of the PLQ, is appointed to negotiate for the government.
    • The FLQ Liberation Cell issues a communiqué saying that Cross and Laporte will be released if the 23 FLQ prisoners are released and the police stop all interaction with the FLQ.
  • On October 13:
    • Robert Bourassa frees Robert Lemieux from prison and appoints him negotiator for the FLQ.
    • The negotiations between Robert Demers and Robert Lemieux fail.
  • On October 14:
    • A special meeting of the federal cabinet is held to discuss measures to be taken to end the crisis.
    • A group of 16 people sign a public statement enjoining the government of Quebec to negotiate the liberation of the hostages whatever the cost, no matter the opinion of the federal government.
  • On October 15:
    • At 14:00, Robert Bourassa announces that he has requested the Canadian Armed Forces to help the police protect politicians and public buildings. (He makes this request under the terms of the National Defence Act, not the War Measures Act.)
    • 3,000 students hold a rally in support of the FLQ.
    • The Quebec Government announces that it will release 5 of the FLQ prisoners on parole.
  • On October 16, at 4:00, the federal cabinet proclaims the existence of an apprehended insurrection and issues a decree granting exceptional powers to the police and Canadian Armed Forces under the War Measures Act. The result is the temporary suspension of Quebecers' civil liberties, which is followed by a series of arrests and searches without warrant.[18]
  • On October 17, Pierre Laporte is found dead in the trunk of a car, near the St-Hubert airport. The Chénier cell claims the execution of its hostage at 6:18 p.m. He was either assassinated on the 17th as claimed by the Chénier cell members or died by accident after trying to escape.[28][29]
  • On October 18, the police issued warrants for FLQ members Marc Charbonneau and Paul Rose, with later warrants being issued on October 23 for Jacques Rose, Bernard Lostie, and Francis Simard.
  • On November 2, police raided an apartment and arrested FLQ member Bernard Lostie.
  • On November 6, Julien Giguère, lieutenant-detective of the Montreal police's Section anti-terroriste (SAT), recruits Carole Devault, who becomes informer matricule SAT 945–171, code name "Poupette".[30]
  • November 21, Richard Bros, FLQ member and friend of Jacques Lanctôt, is arrested in the London suburb of Islington on a charge of assault from an event November 14 that involved a fellow resident.
  • November 22, Richard Bros is found dead in his cell, reportedly a suicide.
  • In December, Carole Devault sets up the André Ouimet cell, a fictitious cell of the FLQ.
  • On December 1, the Parliament of Canada enacts the Public Order Act.[31]
  • On December 2, two members, Jacques Cossette-Trudel and Louise Lanctôt, of the FLQ Liberation Cell were arrested.
  • On December 3, James Richard Cross is located and freed by the police.
  • On December 28, Paul Rose, Jacques Rose, and Francis Simard are located on a farm and arrested by the police.

1971 edit

  • On January 6, Carole Devault and three accomplices set off an incendiary bomb in a building owned by the Brink's Company in Montreal.[30]
  • On January 20, the Mouvement pour la défense des prisonniers politiques du Québec (MDPPQ) organizes a public demonstration between Viger Square and the Palais de Justice de Montréal.[32]
  • On February 19, Carole Devault and her group set a dynamite bomb against a post office.
  • On March 13, Paul Rose is sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Laporte, along with another life sentence for the kidnapping of Laporte on November 30. Rose is released on parole on December 20, 1982.
  • March 24, Solicitor General Jean-Pierre Goyer, Director General of the RCMP Security Service John Starnes and Deputy Solicitor General Ernest Côté meet. Goyer orders Starnes to "neutralize" Mario Bachand, in Paris, an operation that had been planned since February. A heated exchange ensues; "Starnes objected that it would be pointless and hazardous and that the service was incapable of it." Goyer says he would consult with the Prime Minister.[33]
  • March 26, Solicitor General Jean-Pierre Goyer, RCMP Commissioner Len Higgitt, Director General of the RCMP Security Service John Starnes and Deputy Solicitor General Ernest Côté meet. Solicitor General Goyer tells Starnes that he had met with the prime minister, and "the Prime Minister has directed that, unless there were strong arguments to the contrary, prompt action should be taken."[33]
  • On March 29, François Mario Bachand is assassinated in Paris by Normand Roy and Denyse Leduc, in an RCMP operation ordered by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau.[34][35]
  • On May 20, Francis Simard is sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Laporte.
  • In October, the RCMP releases fake communiqués which she attributes to the Frères Chasseurs cell and the Pierre-Louis Bourret cell.
  • On November 22, Bernard Lortie is sentenced to 20 years in prison for the kidnapping of Laporte.
  • On December 9, Jacques Rose was acquitted in the trial against him for kidnapping Laporte, since Bernard Lortie refused to testify. Lostie received a 5 month sentence for refusing to testify.
  • On December 18, Donald Cobb, commanding the Section G of the RCMP's secret services, releases the communiqué number 3 on behalf of La Minerve cell.

1972 edit

  • On January 26, the police defused a plastic bomb at the entrance of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce building.[36] Two days later, a bomb exploded near the La Presse building, which was under lockout.
  • In early June 1972, François Lanctôt, Jacinthe Lanctôt, Fernand Roy, and Serge Nadeau were captured.[37]
  • On May 5, the last bomb of the Front de libération du Québec exploded at the Casa d'Italia in Montreal. It was placed by the Reynald Lévesque cell.
  • On May 8, the Petit Québec libre barn located in Sainte-Anne-de-la-Rochelle is burned down by the RCMP.
  • On July 17, Jacques Rose is sent to 8 years in prison for being an accessory to the kidnapping of Laporte.
  • On August 30, Reynald Lévesque and Jacques Millette were captured following a manhunt after robbing $10,000 from a credit union in East Montreal.
  • On October 6, the Operation Bricole occurs at night: the list of the subscribers to the MDPPQ is stolen by a team composed of RCMP, Sûreté du Québec (SQ) and Montreal Police (SPCUM) agents. The Agence de presse libre du Québec is robbed as well.

1973 edit

  • On January 8, the Operation Ham goes on during the night: the PQ's members list is stolen by the RCMP.[38]
  • On October 29, Quebec general election of 1973. (PLQ: 54.65%, PQ: 30.22%)

1976 edit

  • On July 30, RCMP agent Robert Samson testifies in court: he affirms that the RCMP, in collaboration with the SQ and the SPCUM, stole documents from the MDPPQ the COOP and the APLQ. (He is condemned to seven years of prison.)
  • On November 15, the Quebec general election of 1976 is held: (PQ: 41.37%, PLQ: 33.78%)

1977 edit

  • On June 16, the government of Quebec sets up the Commission d'enquête sur les actions policières illégale en territoire québécois chaired by Jean Keable.
  • On xx XXX, the RCMP holds an internal inquiry on its own operations and recommends the federal government to hold a parliamentary enquiry.
  • On July 6, the federal government sets up a Royal Commission of Inquiry into Certain Activities of the RCMP, chaired by David Cargill McDonald.
  • On October 31, the Supreme Court of Canada rules that a provincial commission of enquiry does not have jurisdiction to enquire upon the RCMP.

1979 edit

  • Jacques Lanctôt returns from exile.
  • On November 26, publishing of the first report of the McDonald Commission (Sécurité et information : premier rapport).

1980 edit

  • On July 8, Nigel Hamer is arrested for his involvement in the kidnapping of Cross.[39] He pleads guilty and is sentenced to 12 months in prison with community service.[39]
  • On October 9, the Minister of Justice of Quebec publishes an incomplete edition of the Rapport sur les événements d'octobre 1970 by Jean-François Duchaîne.
  • On November 17, Hamer was charged and sent to 12 months in prison for conspiracy, kidnapping, forcible detention, and extortion.

1981 edit

  • On XX XXXX, publishing a new edition of the Rapport sur les événements d'octobre 1970 by Jean-François Duchaîne.
  • On January 26, publishing the two volumes of the report of the McDonald Commission (La liberté et la sécurité devant la loi : deuxième rapport).
  • On February 15, Pierre-Paul Geoffroy is released under conditions after 12 years of incarceration.[40]
  • On March 6, publishing of the Keable Commission report.
  • On August, publishing of the final report by the McDonald commission (Certaines activités de la GRC et la connaissance qu’en avait le gouvernement : troisième rapport).

1982 edit

  • In September, Paul Rose is the last member of the FLQ to be released from prison.
  • On September 27, Yves Langlois is sentenced to two years in prison for the kidnapping of Cross.

1982 edit

  • Raymond Villeneuve is the last FLQ member to come back.

Notes edit

  1. ^ Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. HISTOIRE D'UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 24.
  2. ^ a b Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. HISTOIRE D'UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 35.
  3. ^ a b c Louis Fournier, p. 476
  4. ^ Jonathan Fournier. "23 février 1963 - Début des actions terroristes au Québec 2009-04-25 at the Wayback Machine", in Bilan du Siècle, consulted on May 22, 2009
  5. ^ Serge Gaudreau. "29 mars 1963 - Vandalisme sur la statue du général Wolfe à Québec 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine", in Bilan du Siècle, consulted on May 22, 2009
  6. ^ Louis Fournier, p. 37
  7. ^ Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. HISTOIRE D'UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 41.
  8. ^ Louis Fournier, p. 39
  9. ^ Serge Gaudreau. "21 avril 1963 - Explosion d'une bombe à Montréal ", in Bilan du Siècle, retrieved May 22, 2009
  10. ^ Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. Histoire d'un mouvement clandestin (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 46.
  11. ^ a b Serge Gaudreau. "7 octobre 1963 - Dévoilement des peines obtenues par des membres du Front de libération du Québec", in Bilan du Siècle, retrieved May 22, 2009
  12. ^ Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. HISTOIRE D'UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 57.
  13. ^ Peritz, Ingrid (2017-05-21). "A headless statue of Queen Victoria, the FLQ and Quebec's fractious relationship with the monarchy". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
  14. ^ a b c Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. Histoire d'un mouvement clandestin (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 62.
  15. ^ Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. Histoire d'un mouvement clandestin (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 63.
  16. ^ Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. Histoire d'un mouvement clandestin (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 64.
  17. ^ Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. Histoire d'un mouvement clandestin (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 57.
  18. ^ a b c d e Turner, Geoff (14 May 2022). "Recall: How to Start a Revolution". cbc.ca Recall: How to Start a Revolution. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  19. ^ TIME. "", in TIME, February 26, 1965, retrieved May 22, 2009
  20. ^ a b Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. Histoire d'un mouvement clandestin (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 99.
  21. ^ Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. Histoire d'un mouvement clandestin (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 102.
  22. ^ a b Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. Histoire d'un mouvement clandestin (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 103.
  23. ^ McLoughlin, Michael. 1998. Last Stop, Paris: The assassination of Mario Bachand and the death of the FLQ. London: Viking/Penguin, 72.
  24. ^ Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. HISTOIRE D'UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 143.
  25. ^ Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. HISTOIRE D'UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 42.
  26. ^ McLoughlin, Michael. "Last Stop, Paris: the assassination of Mario Bachand and the death of the FLQ", p. 123.
  27. ^ McLoughlin, Michael. "Last Stop, Paris: the assassination of Mario Bachand and the death of the FLQ" (Viking, Toronto: 1998), p, 123-124.
  28. ^ Bélanger, Claude. "Quebec History". Faculty.marianopolis.edu.
  29. ^ . Archived from the original on 2017-11-14. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  30. ^ a b DeVault, Carole. the informer. p. 15.
  31. ^ "Emergencies Act (PRB 01-14E)". Publications.gc.ca. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  32. ^ Louis-Charles Martineau. "20 janvier 1971 - Manifestation du Mouvement pour la défense des prisonniers politiques du Québec 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine", in Bilan du Siècle, consulted on May 22, 2009
  33. ^ a b McLoughlin, Michael. "Last Stop, Paris: the assassination of Mario Bachand and the death of the FLQ" (Viking, Toronto: 1998), p. 218.
  34. ^ Claude Routhier. "L’assassinat de Mario Bachand 2008-08-21 at the Wayback Machine", in Chronologie de l’Histoire du Québec, December 29, 1999, consulted on May 22, 2009
  35. ^ McLoughlin, Michael. "Last Stop, Paris: the assassination of Mario Bachand and the death of the FLQ" (Viking: Toronto, 1998)
  36. ^ Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. Histoire d'un mouvement clandestin (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 388.
  37. ^ Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. HISTOIRE D'UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 396.
  38. ^ Louis Fournier, p. 492
  39. ^ a b Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. HISTOIRE D'UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 416.
  40. ^ Fournier, Louis (1982). F.L.Q. Histoire d'un mouvement clandestin (PDF) (in French). Éditions Québec/Amérique. p. 185.

References edit

  • Fournier, Louis (1998). FLQ : Histoire d’un mouvement clandestin, Outremont: Lanctôt, 533 p. [Timeline for 1960–1995 on pages 475-494]
  • Claude Bélanger. "Chronology of the October Crisis, 1970, and its Aftermath", in Quebec History. Marianopolis College, August 23, 2000
  • Julien Gaudreau. "Opérations illégales de la GRC au Québec contre des souverainistes", in AmériQuébec.net, October 7, 2006
  • Éric Sarault. "", in Bilan du Siècle. Université de Sherbrooke, October 20, 2002
  • Julien Paré. "", in Bilan du siècle. Université de Sherbrooke, March 9, 2005
  • Renaud Lavoie. "Recension disciplinaire des faits : La crise d'Octobre 1970", in Site historique du Front de libération du Québec, August 25, 2005
  • McLoughlin, Michael. "Last Stop, Paris: the assassination of Mario Bachand and the death of the FLQ" (Viking: Toronto, 1998)

timeline, front, libération, québec, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, schola. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Timeline of the Front de liberation du Quebec news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message The following is a timeline of the FLQ from the founding of the Front de liberation du Quebec FLQ in the early 1960s to the publishing of the enquiry commission reports in the 1980s Contents 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1962 editOn July 1 Jacques Giroux writes I am a separatist on the Sir John A Macdonald monument in Dorchester Square 1 On October 31 the Comite de liberation nationale is founded secretly by four RIN Rassemblement pour l Independance Nationale militants Jacques Desormeaux Jacques Lucques Robert Aubin and Philippe Bernard In November 24 RIN militants form the Reseau de Resistance RR during a meeting at the home of Montreal s new regional executive president Rodrigue Guite 2 The Sunday following the first meeting members of the Resistance Network paint English only posters with Free Quebec and throw several Red Ensigns and the Flag of the United Kingdom into the trash in Saint Sauveur 2 1963 editOn February 23 a Molotov cocktail is thrown through the window of the English language radio CKGM in Montreal The RR claims responsibility 3 4 Late February founding of the Front de liberation du Quebec FLQ by Gabriel Hudon Georges Schoeters and Raymond Villeneuve who had met through the RR On March 8 three military barracks located in Montreal and Westmount are attacked with FLQ incendiary bombs during the night In mid March the first dynamite stealing was conducted at a construction site of the Montreal Metro followed by another one at the location of the future Laurier station On March 29 the statue of James Wolfe on the Plains of Abraham is unbolted falls and breaks in several pieces 3 5 On April 1 three bombs explode one at a Federal Tax building a second at the Central Station located in Montreal and a third on a railway belonging to the CN The bomb set to explode on the CN railway is discovered before the passing of the train transporting Prime Minister of Canada John Diefenbaker He exclaimed Is this Ireland upon learning of the attempt 6 On April 6 24 sticks of dynamite are laid at the foot of the Radio Canada transmission tower on Mount Royal 7 A technical defect prevents the explosion On April 12 in a joint operation of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police RCMP and the Montreal police service dozens of searches are done in residences of militants for the independence of Quebec belonging to various associations 20 people are arrested and interrogated including Raoul Roy Edouard Cloutier Jacques Lucques The event was dubbed the Razzia du Vendredi saint 8 On April 16 publishing of the first FLQ manifesto entitled Message du FLQ a la Nation online On April 19 the RIN and the ASIQ of which several members were arrested on April 12 protest before the headquarters of the RCMP in Westmount On April 20 at night a bomb sets off against the RCMP headquarters in Westmount On April 21 Wilfred O Neil night guard at the Canadian Forces Recruiting Centre in Montreal is killed in the explosion of a bomb claimed by the FLQ 3 9 On May 3 three bomb attacks are perpetrated one bomb explodes at the building of Royal Canadian Legion Veterans at Saint Jean sur Richelieu another is found and disarmed at the central post office and another not armed is found at the headquarters of the Solbec Copper mining company On May 7 the City of Montreal offers 10 000 CAD to whoever can provide information leading to the capture of FLQ members On May 10 a dynamite charge explodes at night against the wall of the BlackWatch regiment building in Montreal 10 On May 13 a bomb explodes at the Technical Service Unit of the Canadian Air Force located in Mont Royal On May 16 an explosive device sets off near the reservoirs of the Golden Eagle refinery located at Pointe aux Trembles On May 17 the FLQ places ten bombs in as many residential mailboxes of the town of Westmount Each bomb is made of four dynamite sticks Five of these ten bombs explode toward 3 00 am Walter Leja Sergeant Major of the Canadian Army is injured while trying to disarm one of the explosive devices On May 19 the government of Quebec offers 50 000 to whoever will be able to provide information leading to the capture of FLQ members The City of Montreal raises its reward from 10 000 to 60 000 On May 20 Victoria Day 75 dynamite sticks explode against the wall of an arms room belonging to the 1st battalion of the Canadian Army s technical services in Montreal nicknamed Operation Chenier by the FLQ in honour of Jean Olivier Chenier On June 1 The eight main leaders of the FLQ gather at Denis Lamoureux s apartment to discuss the reorganization and expansion of their group Is then planned the division of the movement into two sections a political section the FLQ and a military section the Armee de liberation du Quebec ALQ Jean Jacques Lanciault who participates to the discussion is a delator for the police and wins the 60 000 award of the City of Montreal for his information Thanks to Lanciault s information the police forces will arrest 23 militants and dismantle a complete network of the FLQ On June 16 18 people associated to the FLQ are arrested 11 One June xx Bernard Smith Jean Marc Leger Pierre De Bellefeuille Andre Morel Marcel Rioux Michel Chartrand Jean Victor Dufresne Reginald Boisvert Marcel Dube and Rene Chaloult found the Comite Chenier a committee of support to the convicts One June 30 founding of the Parti socialiste du Quebec PSQ On July xx Jean Lasalle Jean Gagnon Jules Duchastel Andre Wattier Robert Hudon set up the Armee de liberation du Quebec 12 On July 12 the FLQ set off a powerful dynamite explosion in the Parc Victoria in Quebec City blowing apart a monument to Queen Victoria the statue s head was later found 100 yards away 13 14 On July 19 the federal government of Lester B Pearson sets up the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism On August 22 a bomb explodes underneath a railroad bridge of the Canadian Pacific Railway CP near Kahnawake 14 On August 26 700 dynamite sticks are stolen from the construction site of Autoroute 15 near Saint Sauveur 14 On August 27 Jacques Lanctot Guy De Grasse and Richard Bros are arrest on the charge of setting fire to two military barracks located in Montreal as well as the building of the Royal Canadian Legion in Laval Ouest and a shelter belonging to the Canadian National Railways on ile Bigras 15 On September 26 five members of the ALQ performed an armed robbery in a Royal Bank of Canada office 7 000 are stolen Two people are arrested in connection with the robbery Jules Duchastel and Claude Soulieres 16 In October publishing of the first issue of La Cognee the official publication of the FLQ 17 66 issues are printed between 1963 and 1967 On October 7 Gabriel Hudon Raymond Villeneuve Jacques Giroux and Yves Labonte arrested on the 16 plead guilty to the charge of involuntary homicide 11 On October 9 two bombs are discovered and disarmed in post offices located in Longueuil and Saint Lambert On October 16 the police arrests Barnabe Garcia a political refugee from Spain who arrived in Canada in 1957 On November 26 the ALQ steals radio transmission equipment from the CHEF station of Grandby 1964 editOn January 30 between 7 30 and 9 00 the ALQ performs an important arms robbery from the barracks of the Fusiliers Mont Royal Regiment located in Montreal The arms stolen are worth about 20 000 59 Belgian semi automatic rifles FN 7 62 51mm NATO four BREN rifles 34 Sten submachine guns 4 60 millimetre mortars 3 Bazooka rocket launchers some grenades 5 Browning automatic revolvers 13 000 bullets calibre 22 2 000 calibre 7 62 and 2 300 calibre 303 as well as 15 radio transceivers two portable phones headlamps electrical wires one Gestetner stencil duplicator sheets etc On February 1 military guards are posted 24 hours on 24 before all barracks in the Montreal metropolitan area On February 20 between 7 46 and 11 15 the ALQ performs an arms and equipment robbery from the barrack of the 62nd regiment of campaign artillery in Shawinigan The stolen material is estimated at 25 000 33 semi automatic rifles FN 7 62 pistols a good quantity of bullets 12 transceivers one stencil duplicator combat uniforms and UN blue helmets On February 27 members of the ALQ rob a Desjardins credit union branch in Shawinigan and leave with 9 000 On March 2 a bomb made out of 10 dynamite sticks wrapped in a Union Jack is disarmed on the plains of Abraham On March 14 a criminal fire causes 15 000 worth of damages at captain Henri Francoeur s residence Francoeur is assistant to inspector Russell Senecal of the Combined Antiterrorist Squad CATS On March 30 the police arrests and interrogates Jacques Desormeaux Andre Normand Roger Normand Jean Goulet Jean Cloutier Louis Philippe Aubert and Bernard Mataigne On April 9 following the armed robbery of a Banque Canadienne Nationale branch located in Mont Rolland the police apprehends Jean Lasalle Jean Gagnon and Rene Dion of the ALQ On April 21 38th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II a bomb made out of ten dynamite sticks is found and disarmed below the Queen Victoria monument located on the campus of McGill University On May 5 Robert Hudon becomes the last ALQ militant to be apprehended The others Andre Wattier Pierre Nadon Claude Perron and Maurice Leduc were apprehended between April 21 and May 5 On May 8 the eight members of the ALQ appear before the court 50 different charges weight on them in total On May 30 a bomb is found and disarmed below a statue raised in memory of the Canadian soldiers who died for the British Empire during the Boers War The statue is located near the Parliament buildings in Quebec City In June founding of the Armee revolutionnaire du Quebec ARQ led by Francois Schirm 18 On June 18 Hubert Aquin militant of the RIN publicly announces that he has declared total war on all enemies of the independence of Quebec The communique is published the day after in Le Devoir and other papers On August 29 the ARQ attacks the International Firearms armoury located in Montreal Two employees Leslie McWilliams and Alfred Pinish are killed 18 In September the ARQ is dismantled by police forces who arrest some 20 militants In September publishing of the first issue of Revolution quebecoise review led by Pierre Vallieres and Charles Gagnon On November 2 a bomb explodes on the CFCF radio and CFCF TV transmission tour 1965 editOn February 16 the U S Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI announces they have prevented the perpetration of a plot by the Black Liberation Front and the FLQ which consisted in dynamiting the Statue of Liberty and other American monuments Arrests were done on both sides of the border Michele Duclos was arrested in New York with dynamite in her car 19 In April The Pentagon begins an enquiry into the revolutionary activities of Quebec It is called Project Revolt On April 30 explosion of a bomb at Place Victoria in Montreal 20 On May 1 a bomb explodes at the United States consul located in Montreal 20 On June 14 a bomb explodes at the RCMP headquarters in Quebec City In June Pierre Vallieres founds the Mouvement de liberation populaire MLP With Charles Gagnon he joins the FLQ On July 1 a bomb explodes in the Westmount City hall On July 2 a bomb explodes against the CKTS English language radio transmission tower in Sherbrooke On July 15 members of the FLQ are arrested at La Macaza military station Laurentides One Surete du Quebec SQ police officer is taken hostage 21 On July 28 a bomb explodes at the headquarters of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce CIBC in Montreal 22 On August 2 bombs explode underneath a CP railroad bridge in Bordeaux and on a CN railroad track in Sainte Madelaine 22 On August 22 the police dismantles an FLQ cell led by Gaston Collin a former military officer On November 1 a bomb explodes the Palais du Commerce de Montreal during a Liberal Party of Canada convention which Prime Minister Lester B Pearson was attending 1966 editIn January the Vallieres Gagnon group begins operating under the FLQ banner On May 5 a letter bomb sets off at the Lagrenade shoe factory in Montreal during a strike by the CSN 18 Therese Morin secretary is mortally wounded dying en route to the hospital 23 On May 22 a bomb explodes at the Dominion Textile in Drummondville On June 3 a bomb explodes at Centre Paul Sauve during a convention of the Liberal Party of Quebec to which Jean Lesage attends On July 14 Jean Corbo brother of Claude Corbo dies in a bomb explosion which he himself arms at a Dominion Textile factory located in the Saint Henri neighbourhood in Montreal In August and September the Vallieres Gagnon group is dismantled Some 20 militants are arrested On September 25 Pierre Vallieres and Charles Gagnon picket before the United Nations building in New York They are arrested and imprisoned after which they do a hunger strike which lasts 30 days Their extradition occurs in January 1967 In November a group of citizens form the Comite d aide au groupe Vallieres Gagnon 1967 editOn January 1 a mailbox explodes in front of the Montreal Anglo American Trust office On January 13 Pierre Vallieres and Charles Gagnon enter prison in Montreal May 1967 DND instructed Military bases in Quebec to ensure personnel in uniform carry side arms when in public On July 27 the Mouvement de liberation du Quebec MLQ claims responsibility for the bombing of Greenfield Park City Hall On September 12 two bombs explode at MacDonald High School in Sainte Anne de Bellevue On October 16 a bomb explodes in a Seven Up factory in Mont Royal during a strike 24 In November publishing of the first issue of La Victoire 25 1968 editOn March 14 Jacques Desormeaux member of the La Cognee network is arrested by the police On March 15 the book Negres blancs d Amerique autobiographie precoce d un terroriste quebecois by Pierre Vallieres is published by the Editions Parti Pris On May 11 a bomb explodes in a Seven Up factory in Mont Royal On May 24 a bomb explodes at the United States consul in Montreal On May 27 the Comite d aide au groupe Vallieres Gagnon organizes the show Chansons et poemes de la resistance Similar shows are held afterwards in various locations On September 25 a bomb explodes at the MacDonald monument on Dominion Square in Montreal On October 14 bomb explode at the headquarters of the PLQ and the Union nationale UN On November 12 a bomb explodes at the Chambre de commerce de Montreal On November 22 two bombs explode at the Eaton store of downtown Montreal In November Raymond Villeneuve leaves Canada for Cuba with three acolytes On December 31 four bombs explode the same day 1969 editOn January 2 three mail boxes located near federal offices explode On January 8 a bomb explodes near the domicile of Jean Paul Gilbert Montreal chief of police On February 13 a bomb explodes at the building of the Montreal Stock Exchange Some 27 people are injured On March 4 Pierre Paul Geoffroy a former fireman is arrested by the police The network bearing his name is partly dismantled On March 28 Francois Mario Bachand and other members of the FLQ organize the Operation McGill francais Some 15 000 people demonstrate on the university campus In April Francois Mario Bachand joins Raymond Villeneuve in Cuba On May 5 Pierre Charette and Alain Allard of the Geoffroy network operate the hijacking of a Boeing 727 from the National Airlines flying between New York and Miami On June 15 a bomb explodes at the headquarters of the Societe Saint Jean Baptiste de Sherbrooke SSJBS The SSJBS had invited Pierre Trudeau to preside the religious ceremonies of June 24 On September 29 a bomb explodes at the domicile of Jean Drapeau the Mayor of Montreal On November 20 1969 at 9 03 pm a bomb exploded in the ground floor stairwell of the Communications Arts building Bryon building at Loyola College Damage to the building was estimated at 150 000 Despite there being hundreds of evening students in classrooms on the upper floors of the building fortunately there were no injuries On December 19 Pierre Trudeau Robertson and some federal ministers call Commissioner Higget in a meeting to order the RCMP secret service to treat the Quebec separatist movement as was then the communist movement 1970 editOn February 20 Charles Gagnon is released on bail after three years and five months in prison On February 26 Jacques Lanctot and Pierre Marcil are arrested and released on bail After their release Montreal police determine they were plotting to kidnap Moshe Golan consul of Israel On April 5 Raymond Villeneuve Francois Mario Bachand Andre Garand Pierre Charette and Alain Allard leave Havana for Genoa on the Cuban freighter the Matanzas Villeneuve Bachand and Garand disembarque at Genoa and continue to Paris Charette and Allard who are without passports are refused admission by Italian authorities and return to Havana June 24 FLQ bombing of National Defence Headquarters building in Ottawa kills Jeanne d Arc Saint Germain 26 On June 30 the Mouvement pour la defense des prisonniers politiques du Quebec MDPPQ relays the Comite d aide au groupe Vallieres Gagnon July 3 bomb explodes at Petrofina Refinery at Point aux Trembles East Montreal Island A communique written by Nigel Hamer is published in Le Journal de Montreal two days later 27 On July 12 a bombing attempt was made on the Bank of Montreal downtown but was defused before it exploded On October 5 At 8 15 James Richard Cross British trade commissioner in Montreal is kidnapped by a group of armed men belonging to the FLQ Liberation Cell 18 In the afternoon the FLQ communicates a series of seven demands in exchange for the liberation of the hostage On October 6 the FLQ manifesto is published in various newspapers Mitchell Sharp the Canadian Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs claims the government will not give into the demands On October 7 the police forces arrest 30 people Journalist Louis Fournier of the CKAC radio station read the manifesto online The Quebec Minister of Justice Jerome Choquette states that he is willing to negotiate at any moment to liberate the hostage On October 8 the announcer Gaetan Montreuil reads the FLQ manifesto on Radio Canada television On October 9 The FLQ Liberation Cell extends the deadline for Cross s execution its demands to be met to October 10 6 P M Claude Ryan editor in chief of the daily newspaper Le Devoir suggest in an editorial that the government should negotiate On October 10 Rene Levesque in an article of the Journal de Montreal invites the kidnappers to abandon violence Jerome Choquette asserts to the media that he is ready to offer an exit door to the kidnapper if they free the hostage At 18 00 Pierre Laporte Vice Premier and Minister of Employment and Labour is kidnapped by members of the FLQ s Chenier Cell On October 11 Pierre Laporte writes a letter to Robert Bourassa his personal friend to tell him he is well treated and to ask him to negotiate his liberation FLQ Lawyer Robert Lemieux is arrested and imprisoned under the charge of hindering police work On October 12 At 7 00 Pierre Laporte writes a letter to his wife to tell her he is doing fine and is well treated Canadian soldiers are dispatched to Ottawa to ensure the protection of various politicians and protect federal buildings Robert Demers treasurer of the PLQ is appointed to negotiate for the government The FLQ Liberation Cell issues a communique saying that Cross and Laporte will be released if the 23 FLQ prisoners are released and the police stop all interaction with the FLQ On October 13 Robert Bourassa frees Robert Lemieux from prison and appoints him negotiator for the FLQ The negotiations between Robert Demers and Robert Lemieux fail On October 14 A special meeting of the federal cabinet is held to discuss measures to be taken to end the crisis A group of 16 people sign a public statement enjoining the government of Quebec to negotiate the liberation of the hostages whatever the cost no matter the opinion of the federal government On October 15 At 14 00 Robert Bourassa announces that he has requested the Canadian Armed Forces to help the police protect politicians and public buildings He makes this request under the terms of the National Defence Act not the War Measures Act 3 000 students hold a rally in support of the FLQ The Quebec Government announces that it will release 5 of the FLQ prisoners on parole On October 16 at 4 00 the federal cabinet proclaims the existence of an apprehended insurrection and issues a decree granting exceptional powers to the police and Canadian Armed Forces under the War Measures Act The result is the temporary suspension of Quebecers civil liberties which is followed by a series of arrests and searches without warrant 18 On October 17 Pierre Laporte is found dead in the trunk of a car near the St Hubert airport The Chenier cell claims the execution of its hostage at 6 18 p m He was either assassinated on the 17th as claimed by the Chenier cell members or died by accident after trying to escape 28 29 On October 18 the police issued warrants for FLQ members Marc Charbonneau and Paul Rose with later warrants being issued on October 23 for Jacques Rose Bernard Lostie and Francis Simard On November 2 police raided an apartment and arrested FLQ member Bernard Lostie On November 6 Julien Giguere lieutenant detective of the Montreal police s Section anti terroriste SAT recruits Carole Devault who becomes informer matricule SAT 945 171 code name Poupette 30 November 21 Richard Bros FLQ member and friend of Jacques Lanctot is arrested in the London suburb of Islington on a charge of assault from an event November 14 that involved a fellow resident November 22 Richard Bros is found dead in his cell reportedly a suicide In December Carole Devault sets up the Andre Ouimet cell a fictitious cell of the FLQ On December 1 the Parliament of Canada enacts the Public Order Act 31 On December 2 two members Jacques Cossette Trudel and Louise Lanctot of the FLQ Liberation Cell were arrested On December 3 James Richard Cross is located and freed by the police On December 28 Paul Rose Jacques Rose and Francis Simard are located on a farm and arrested by the police 1971 editOn January 6 Carole Devault and three accomplices set off an incendiary bomb in a building owned by the Brink s Company in Montreal 30 On January 20 the Mouvement pour la defense des prisonniers politiques du Quebec MDPPQ organizes a public demonstration between Viger Square and the Palais de Justice de Montreal 32 On February 19 Carole Devault and her group set a dynamite bomb against a post office On March 13 Paul Rose is sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Laporte along with another life sentence for the kidnapping of Laporte on November 30 Rose is released on parole on December 20 1982 March 24 Solicitor General Jean Pierre Goyer Director General of the RCMP Security Service John Starnes and Deputy Solicitor General Ernest Cote meet Goyer orders Starnes to neutralize Mario Bachand in Paris an operation that had been planned since February A heated exchange ensues Starnes objected that it would be pointless and hazardous and that the service was incapable of it Goyer says he would consult with the Prime Minister 33 March 26 Solicitor General Jean Pierre Goyer RCMP Commissioner Len Higgitt Director General of the RCMP Security Service John Starnes and Deputy Solicitor General Ernest Cote meet Solicitor General Goyer tells Starnes that he had met with the prime minister and the Prime Minister has directed that unless there were strong arguments to the contrary prompt action should be taken 33 On March 29 Francois Mario Bachand is assassinated in Paris by Normand Roy and Denyse Leduc in an RCMP operation ordered by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau 34 35 On May 20 Francis Simard is sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Laporte In October the RCMP releases fake communiques which she attributes to the Freres Chasseurs cell and the Pierre Louis Bourret cell On November 22 Bernard Lortie is sentenced to 20 years in prison for the kidnapping of Laporte On December 9 Jacques Rose was acquitted in the trial against him for kidnapping Laporte since Bernard Lortie refused to testify Lostie received a 5 month sentence for refusing to testify On December 18 Donald Cobb commanding the Section G of the RCMP s secret services releases the communique number 3 on behalf of La Minerve cell 1972 editOn January 26 the police defused a plastic bomb at the entrance of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce building 36 Two days later a bomb exploded near the La Presse building which was under lockout In early June 1972 Francois Lanctot Jacinthe Lanctot Fernand Roy and Serge Nadeau were captured 37 On May 5 the last bomb of the Front de liberation du Quebec exploded at the Casa d Italia in Montreal It was placed by the Reynald Levesque cell On May 8 the Petit Quebec libre barn located in Sainte Anne de la Rochelle is burned down by the RCMP On July 17 Jacques Rose is sent to 8 years in prison for being an accessory to the kidnapping of Laporte On August 30 Reynald Levesque and Jacques Millette were captured following a manhunt after robbing 10 000 from a credit union in East Montreal On October 6 the Operation Bricole occurs at night the list of the subscribers to the MDPPQ is stolen by a team composed of RCMP Surete du Quebec SQ and Montreal Police SPCUM agents The Agence de presse libre du Quebec is robbed as well 1973 editOn January 8 the Operation Ham goes on during the night the PQ s members list is stolen by the RCMP 38 On October 29 Quebec general election of 1973 PLQ 54 65 PQ 30 22 1976 editOn July 30 RCMP agent Robert Samson testifies in court he affirms that the RCMP in collaboration with the SQ and the SPCUM stole documents from the MDPPQ the COOP and the APLQ He is condemned to seven years of prison On November 15 the Quebec general election of 1976 is held PQ 41 37 PLQ 33 78 1977 editOn June 16 the government of Quebec sets up the Commission d enquete sur les actions policieres illegale en territoire quebecois chaired by Jean Keable On xx XXX the RCMP holds an internal inquiry on its own operations and recommends the federal government to hold a parliamentary enquiry On July 6 the federal government sets up a Royal Commission of Inquiry into Certain Activities of the RCMP chaired by David Cargill McDonald On October 31 the Supreme Court of Canada rules that a provincial commission of enquiry does not have jurisdiction to enquire upon the RCMP 1979 editJacques Lanctot returns from exile On November 26 publishing of the first report of the McDonald Commission Securite et information premier rapport 1980 editOn July 8 Nigel Hamer is arrested for his involvement in the kidnapping of Cross 39 He pleads guilty and is sentenced to 12 months in prison with community service 39 On October 9 the Minister of Justice of Quebec publishes an incomplete edition of the Rapport sur les evenements d octobre 1970 by Jean Francois Duchaine On November 17 Hamer was charged and sent to 12 months in prison for conspiracy kidnapping forcible detention and extortion 1981 editOn XX XXXX publishing a new edition of the Rapport sur les evenements d octobre 1970 by Jean Francois Duchaine On January 26 publishing the two volumes of the report of the McDonald Commission La liberte et la securite devant la loi deuxieme rapport On February 15 Pierre Paul Geoffroy is released under conditions after 12 years of incarceration 40 On March 6 publishing of the Keable Commission report On August publishing of the final report by the McDonald commission Certaines activites de la GRC et la connaissance qu en avait le gouvernement troisieme rapport 1982 editIn September Paul Rose is the last member of the FLQ to be released from prison On September 27 Yves Langlois is sentenced to two years in prison for the kidnapping of Cross 1982 editRaymond Villeneuve is the last FLQ member to come back Notes edit Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q HISTOIRE D UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 24 a b Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q HISTOIRE D UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 35 a b c Louis Fournier p 476 Jonathan Fournier 23 fevrier 1963 Debut des actions terroristes au Quebec Archived 2009 04 25 at the Wayback Machine in Bilan du Siecle consulted on May 22 2009 Serge Gaudreau 29 mars 1963 Vandalisme sur la statue du general Wolfe a Quebec Archived 2011 07 06 at the Wayback Machine in Bilan du Siecle consulted on May 22 2009 Louis Fournier p 37 Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q HISTOIRE D UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 41 Louis Fournier p 39 Serge Gaudreau 21 avril 1963 Explosion d une bombe a Montreal in Bilan du Siecle retrieved May 22 2009 Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q Histoire d un mouvement clandestin PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 46 a b Serge Gaudreau 7 octobre 1963 Devoilement des peines obtenues par des membres du Front de liberation du Quebec in Bilan du Siecle retrieved May 22 2009 Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q HISTOIRE D UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 57 Peritz Ingrid 2017 05 21 A headless statue of Queen Victoria the FLQ and Quebec s fractious relationship with the monarchy The Globe and Mail Retrieved 2022 03 28 a b c Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q Histoire d un mouvement clandestin PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 62 Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q Histoire d un mouvement clandestin PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 63 Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q Histoire d un mouvement clandestin PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 64 Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q Histoire d un mouvement clandestin PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 57 a b c d e Turner Geoff 14 May 2022 Recall How to Start a Revolution cbc ca Recall How to Start a Revolution Retrieved 13 July 2022 TIME The Monumental Plot in TIME February 26 1965 retrieved May 22 2009 a b Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q Histoire d un mouvement clandestin PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 99 Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q Histoire d un mouvement clandestin PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 102 a b Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q Histoire d un mouvement clandestin PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 103 McLoughlin Michael 1998 Last Stop Paris The assassination of Mario Bachand and the death of the FLQ London Viking Penguin 72 Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q HISTOIRE D UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 143 Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q HISTOIRE D UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 42 McLoughlin Michael Last Stop Paris the assassination of Mario Bachand and the death of the FLQ p 123 McLoughlin Michael Last Stop Paris the assassination of Mario Bachand and the death of the FLQ Viking Toronto 1998 p 123 124 Belanger Claude Quebec History Faculty marianopolis edu La mort de Pierre Laporte Site historique du Front de liberation du Quebec FLQ l Independance du Quebec la souverainete du Quebec Archived from the original on 2017 11 14 Retrieved 2009 05 25 a b DeVault Carole the informer p 15 Emergencies Act PRB 01 14E Publications gc ca Retrieved 23 July 2022 Louis Charles Martineau 20 janvier 1971 Manifestation du Mouvement pour la defense des prisonniers politiques du Quebec Archived 2011 07 06 at the Wayback Machine in Bilan du Siecle consulted on May 22 2009 a b McLoughlin Michael Last Stop Paris the assassination of Mario Bachand and the death of the FLQ Viking Toronto 1998 p 218 Claude Routhier L assassinat de Mario Bachand Archived 2008 08 21 at the Wayback Machine in Chronologie de l Histoire du Quebec December 29 1999 consulted on May 22 2009 McLoughlin Michael Last Stop Paris the assassination of Mario Bachand and the death of the FLQ Viking Toronto 1998 Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q Histoire d un mouvement clandestin PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 388 Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q HISTOIRE D UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 396 Louis Fournier p 492 a b Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q HISTOIRE D UN MOUVEMENT CLANDESTIN PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 416 Fournier Louis 1982 F L Q Histoire d un mouvement clandestin PDF in French Editions Quebec Amerique p 185 References editFurther information Bibliography of the Front de liberation du Quebec Fournier Louis 1998 FLQ Histoire d un mouvement clandestin Outremont Lanctot 533 p Timeline for 1960 1995 on pages 475 494 Claude Belanger Chronology of the October Crisis 1970 and its Aftermath in Quebec History Marianopolis College August 23 2000 Julien Gaudreau Operations illegales de la GRC au Quebec contre des souverainistes in AmeriQuebec net October 7 2006 Eric Sarault Le Front de liberation du Quebec et ses actions terroristes in Bilan du Siecle Universite de Sherbrooke October 20 2002 Julien Pare Front de liberation du Quebec in Bilan du siecle Universite de Sherbrooke March 9 2005 Renaud Lavoie Recension disciplinaire des faits La crise d Octobre 1970 in Site historique du Front de liberation du Quebec August 25 2005 McLoughlin Michael Last Stop Paris the assassination of Mario Bachand and the death of the FLQ Viking Toronto 1998 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Timeline of the Front de liberation du Quebec amp oldid 1199481825, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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