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The Times

January 01, 1970

This article is about the British newspaper based in London. For other uses, see The Times (disambiguation).

The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register, adopting its modern name on 1 January 1788. The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times (founded in 1821) are published by Times Media, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, in turn wholly owned by News Corp. The Times and The Sunday Times, which do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have had common ownership only since 1966.[2] In general, the political position of The Times is considered to be centre-right.[3]

The Times
Front page, 19 October 2015
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatCompact
Owner(s)News UK
EditorTony Gallagher
Founded1 January 1785; 239 years ago (1785-01-01) (as The Daily Universal Register)
Political alignmentCentre-right
HeadquartersThe News Building, London
1 London Bridge Place, SE1 9GF
CountryUnited Kingdom
Circulation365,880 (as of March 2020)[1]
Sister newspapersThe Sunday Times
ISSN0140-0460
Websitethetimes.co.uk

The Times was the first newspaper to bear that name, inspiring numerous other papers around the world, such as The Times of India and The New York Times. In countries where these other titles are popular, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times[4] or The Times of London,[5] although the newspaper is of national scope and distribution. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK.[6]

The Times had an average daily circulation of 365,880 in March 2020; in the same period, The Sunday Times had an average weekly circulation of 647,622.[1] The two newspapers also had 304,000 digital-only paid subscribers as of June 2019.[7] An American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June 2006.[8] The Times has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index. A complete historical file of the digitised paper, up to 2019, is online from Gale Cengage Learning.[9][10]

History edit

1785 to 1890 edit

 
Front page of The Times from 4 December 1788

The Times was founded by publisher John Walter (1738–1812) on 1 January 1785 as The Daily Universal Register,[11] with Walter in the role of editor.[12] Walter had lost his job by the end of 1784 after the insurance company for which he worked went bankrupt due to losses from a Jamaican hurricane. Unemployed, Walter began a new business venture.[13][14] At that time, Henry Johnson invented the logography, a new typography that was reputedly faster and more precise (although three years later, it was proved less efficient than advertised). Walter bought the logography's patent and with it opened a printing house to produce books.[14] The first publication of the newspaper The Daily Universal Register was on 1 January 1785. Walter changed the title after 940 editions on 1 January 1788 to The Times.[11][14] In 1803, Walter handed ownership and editorship to his son of the same name.[14] Walter Sr's pioneering efforts to obtain Continental news, especially from France, helped build the paper's reputation among policy makers and financiers,[15] in spite of a sixteen-month incarceration in Newgate Prison for libels printed in The Times.[14]

The Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reputation. For much of its early life, the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers. Beginning in 1814, the paper was printed on the new steam-driven cylinder press developed by Friedrich Koenig (1774–1833).[16][17] In 1815, The Times had a circulation of 5,000.[18]

Thomas Barnes was appointed general editor in 1817. In the same year, the paper's printer James Lawson died, and passed the business onto his son John Joseph Lawson (1802–1852). Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in politics and amongst the City of London. Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling were two noted journalists, and gained for The Times the pompous/satirical nickname 'The Thunderer' (from "We thundered out the other day an article on social and political reform."). The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam-driven rotary printing press. Distribution via steam trains to rapidly growing concentrations of urban populations helped ensure the profitability of the paper and its growing influence.[19]

 
A wounded British officer reading The Times's report of the end of the Crimean War, in John Everett Millais' painting Peace Concluded

The Times was one of the first newspapers to send war correspondents to cover particular conflicts. William Howard Russell, the paper's correspondent with the army in the Crimean War, was immensely influential with his dispatches back to England.[20][21]

1890 to 1981 edit

The Times faced financial failure in 1890 under Arthur Fraser Walter, but it was rescued by an energetic editor, Charles Frederic Moberly Bell. During his tenure (1890–1911), The Times became associated with selling the Encyclopædia Britannica using aggressive American marketing methods introduced by Horace Everett Hooper and his advertising executive, Henry Haxton. Due to legal fights between the Britannica's two owners, Hooper and Walter Montgomery Jackson, The Times severed its connection in 1908 and was bought by pioneering newspaper magnate, Alfred Harmsworth, later Lord Northcliffe.[22]

In editorials published on 29 and 31 July 1914, Wickham Steed, the Times's Chief Editor, argued that the British Empire should enter World War I.[23] On 8 May 1920, also under the editorship of Steed, The Times in an editorial endorsed the anti-Semitic fabrication The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion as a genuine document, and called Jews the world's greatest danger. In the leader entitled "The Jewish Peril, a Disturbing Pamphlet: Call for Inquiry", Steed wrote about The Protocols of the Elders of Zion:

What are these 'Protocols'? Are they authentic? If so, what malevolent assembly concocted these plans and gloated over their exposition? Are they forgery? If so, whence comes the uncanny note of prophecy, prophecy in part fulfilled, in part so far gone in the way of fulfillment?".[24]

The following year, when Philip Graves, the Constantinople (modern Istanbul) correspondent of The Times, exposed The Protocols as a forgery,[25] The Times retracted the editorial of the previous year.

In 1922, John Jacob Astor, son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate. The paper gained a measure of notoriety in the 1930s with its advocacy of German appeasement; editor Geoffrey Dawson was closely allied with government supporters of appeasement, most notably Neville Chamberlain. Candid news reports by Norman Ebbut from Berlin that warned of Nazi warmongering were rewritten in London to support the appeasement policy.[26][27]

Kim Philby, a double agent with primary allegiance to the Soviet Union, was a correspondent for the newspaper in Spain during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s. Philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high-quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict. He later joined British Military Intelligence (MI6) during World War II, was promoted into senior positions after the war ended, and defected to the Soviet Union when discovery was inevitable in 1963.[28]

 
Frontpage weekly magazine The Times, 15 May 1940, with headline: "The old prime minister and the new".

Between 1941 and 1946, the left-wing British historian E. H. Carr was assistant editor. Carr was well known for the strongly pro-Soviet tone of his editorials.[29] In December 1944, when fighting broke out in Athens between the Greek Communist ELAS and the British Army, Carr in a Times leader sided with the Communists, leading Winston Churchill to condemn him and the article in a speech to the House of Commons.[30] As a result of Carr's editorial, The Times became popularly known during that stage of World War II as "the threepenny Daily Worker" (the price of the Communist Party's Daily Worker being one penny).[31]

 
Roy Thomson

On 3 May 1966, it resumed printing news on the front page – previously the front page had been given over to small advertisements, usually of interest to the moneyed classes in British society. Also in 1966, the Royal Arms, which had been a feature of the newspaper's masthead since its inception, was abandoned.[32][33] In the same year, members of the Astor family sold the paper to Canadian publishing magnate Roy Thomson. His Thomson Corporation brought it under the same ownership as The Sunday Times to form Times Newspapers Limited.[34]

An industrial dispute prompted the management to shut the paper for nearly a year from 1 December 1978 to 12 November 1979.[35]

The Thomson Corporation management were struggling to run the business due to the 1979 energy crisis and union demands. Management sought a buyer who was in a position to guarantee the survival of both titles, and had the resources and was committed to funding the introduction of modern printing methods.[citation needed]

Several suitors appeared, including Robert Maxwell, Tiny Rowland and Lord Rothermere; however, only one buyer was in a position to meet the full Thomson remit, Australian media magnate Rupert Murdoch.[36] Robert Holmes à Court, another Australian magnate had previously tried to buy The Times in 1980.[37]

From 1981 edit

In 1981, The Times and The Sunday Times were bought from Thomson by Rupert Murdoch's News International.[38] The acquisition followed three weeks of intensive bargaining with the unions by company negotiators John Collier and Bill O'Neill. Murdoch gave legal undertakings to maintain separate journalism resources for the two titles.[39] The Royal Arms was reintroduced to the masthead at about this time, but whereas previously it had been that of the reigning monarch, it would now be that of the House of Hanover, who were on the throne when the newspaper was founded.[33]

After 14 years as editor, William Rees-Mogg resigned upon completion of the change of ownership.[38] Murdoch began to make his mark on the paper by appointing Harold Evans as his replacement.[40] One of his most important changes was the introduction of new technology and efficiency measures. Between March 1981 and May 1982, following agreement with print unions, the hot-metal Linotype printing process used to print The Times since the 19th century was phased out and replaced by computer input and photo-composition. This allowed print room staff at The Times and The Sunday Times to be reduced by half. However, direct input of text by journalists ("single-stroke" input) was still not achieved, and this was to remain an interim measure until the Wapping dispute of 1986, when The Times moved from New Printing House Square in Gray's Inn Road (near Fleet Street) to new offices in Wapping.[41][42]

Robert Fisk,[43] seven times British International Journalist of the Year,[44] resigned as foreign correspondent in 1988 over what he saw as "political censorship" of his article on the shooting-down of Iran Air Flight 655 in July 1988. He wrote in detail about his reasons for resigning from the paper due to meddling with his stories, and the paper's pro-Israel stance.[45]

In June 1990, The Times ceased its policy of using courtesy titles ("Mr", "Mrs", or "Miss" prefixes) for living persons before full names on first reference, but it continues to use them before surnames on subsequent references. In 1992, it accepted the use of "Ms" for unmarried women "if they express a preference."[46]

In November 2003, News International began producing the newspaper in both broadsheet and tabloid sizes.[47] Over the next year, the broadsheet edition was withdrawn from Northern Ireland, Scotland, and the West Country. Since 1 November 2004, the paper has been printed solely in tabloid format.[48]

On 6 June 2005, The Times redesigned its Letters page, dropping the practice of printing correspondents' full postal addresses. Published letters were long regarded as one of the paper's key constituents. According to its leading article "From Our Own Correspondents", the reason for removal of full postal addresses was to fit more letters onto the page.[49]

In a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications, which was investigating media ownership and the news, Murdoch stated that the law and the independent board prevented him from exercising editorial control.[50]

In May 2008, printing of The Times switched from Wapping to new plants at Waltham Cross in Hertfordshire, and Merseyside and Glasgow, enabling the paper to be produced with full colour on every page for the first time.[51]

On 26 July 2012, to coincide with the official start of the London 2012 Olympics and the issuing of a series of souvenir front covers, The Times added the suffix "of London" to its masthead.[citation needed]

In March 2016, the paper dropped its rolling digital coverage for a series of 'editions' of the paper at 9am, midday and 5pm on weekdays.[52] The change also saw a redesign for the paper's app for smartphones and tablets.[53]

In April 2018, IPSO upheld a complaint against The Times for its report of a court hearing in a Tower Hamlets fostering case.[54]

In April 2019, culture secretary Jeremy Wright said he was minded to allow a request by News UK to relax the legal undertakings given in 1981 to maintain separate journalism resources for The Times and The Sunday Times.[39][55]

In 2019, IPSO upheld complaints against The Times over their article "GPS data shows container visited trafficking hotspot",[56] and for three articles as part of a series on pollution in Britain's waterways – "No river safe for bathing", "Filthy Business" and "Behind the story".[54] IPSO also upheld complaints in 2019 against articles headlined "Funding secret of scientists against hunt trophy ban",[57] and "Britons lose out to rush of foreign medical students".[58]

In 2019, The Times published an article about Imam Abdullah Patel which wrongly claimed Patel had blamed Israel for the 2003 murder of a British police officer by a terror suspect in Manchester. The story also wrongly claimed that Patel ran a primary school that had been criticised by Ofsted for segregating parents at events, which Ofsted said was contrary to "British democratic principles". The Times settled Patel's defamation claim by issuing an apology and offering to pay damages and legal costs. Patel's solicitor, Zillur Rahman, said the case "highlights the shocking level of journalism to which the Muslim community are often subject".[59]

In 2019, The Times published an article titled "Female Circumcision is like clipping a nail, claimed speaker". The article featured a photo of Sultan Choudhury beside the headline, leading some readers to incorrectly infer that Choudhury had made the comment. Choudhury lodged a complaint with the Independent Press Standards Organisation and sued The Times for libel. In 2020, The Times issued an apology, amended its article and agreed to pay Choudhury damages and legal costs. Choudhury's solicitor, Nishtar Saleem, said "This is another example of irresponsible journalism. Publishing sensational excerpts on a 'free site' whilst concealing the full article behind a paywall is a dangerous game".[60]

In December 2020, Cage and Moazzam Begg received damages of £30,000 plus costs in a libel case they had brought against The Times newspaper. In June 2020, a report in The Times had suggested that Cage and Begg were supporting a man who had been arrested in relation to a knife attack in Reading in which three men were murdered. The Times report also suggested that Cage and Begg were excusing the actions of the accused man by mentioning mistakes made by the police and others. In addition to paying damages, The Times printed an apology. Cage stated that the damages amount would be used to "expose state-sponsored Islamophobia and those complicit with it in the press. ... The Murdoch press empire has actively supported xenophobic elements and undermined principles of open society and accountability. ... We will continue to shine a light on war criminals and torture apologists and press barons who fan the flames of hate".[61][62]

Content edit

The Times features news for the first half of the paper; the Opinion/Comment section begins after the first news section with world news normally following this. The business pages begin on the centre spread, and are followed by The Register, containing obituaries, a Court & Social section, and related material. The sport section is at the end of the main paper. In April 2016, the cover price of The Times became £1.40 on weekdays and £1.50 on Saturdays.[63]

Times2 edit

The Times' main supplement, every day, is the times2, featuring various columns.[64][65] It was discontinued in early March 2010,[66][67] but reintroduced on 12 October 2010 after discontinuation was criticised.[68] Its regular features include a puzzles section called Mind Games. Its previous incarnation began on 5 September 2005, before which it was called T2 and previously Times 2.[68] The supplement contains arts and lifestyle features, TV and radio listings, and theatre reviews. The newspaper employs Richard Morrison as its classical music critic.[69]

The Game edit

The Game is included in the newspaper on Mondays, and details all the weekend's football activity (Premier League and Football League Championship, League One and League Two.) The Scottish edition of The Game also includes results and analysis from Scottish Premier League games. During the FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euros there is a daily supplement of The Game.[70]

Saturday supplements edit

The Saturday edition of The Times contains a variety of supplements. These supplements were relaunched in January 2009 as: Sport, Saturday Review (arts, books, TV listings and ideas), Weekend (including travel and lifestyle features), Playlist (an entertainment listings guide) and The Times Magazine (columns on various topics).[2]

The Times Magazine edit

The Times Magazine features columns touching on various subjects such as celebrities, fashion and beauty, food and drink, homes and gardens or simply writers' anecdotes. Notable contributors include Giles Coren, Food and Drink Writer of the Year in 2005 and Nadiya Hussain, winner of The Great British Bake Off.[71]

Online presence edit

"The Times Online" redirects here. For the online version of The Beaver County Times, see The Beaver County Times.

The Times and The Sunday Times have had an online presence since 1996, originally at the-times.co.uk and sunday-times.co.uk, and later at timesonline.co.uk. There are now two websites: thetimes.co.uk is aimed at daily readers, and the thesundaytimes.co.uk site at providing weekly magazine-like content. There are also iPad and Android editions of both newspapers. Since July 2010, News UK has required readers who do not subscribe to the print edition to pay £2 per week to read The Times and The Sunday Times online.[72]

Visits to the websites have decreased by 87% since the paywall was introduced, from 21 million unique users per month to 2.7 million.[73] In April 2009, the timesonline site had a readership of 750,000 readers per day.[74] In October 2011, there were around 111,000 subscribers to The Times' digital products.[75] A Reuters Institute survey in 2021 put the number of digital subscribers at around 400,000, and ranked The Times as having the sixth highest trust rating out of 13 different outlets polled.[76]

The Times Digital Archive is available by subscription.

Ownership edit

The Times has had the following eight owners since its foundation in 1785:[77]

Readership edit

The Times had a circulation of 70,405 on 5 September 1870, due to a reduction in price and the Franco-Prussian War.[80][81][82] The Times had a circulation of 150,000 in March 1914, due to a reduction in price.[83] The Times had a circulation of 248,338 in 1958, a circulation of 408,300 in 1968, and a circulation of 295,863 in 1978.[84] At the time of Harold Evans' appointment as editor in 1981, The Times had an average daily sale of 282,000 copies in comparison to the 1.4 million daily sales of its traditional rival The Daily Telegraph.[40] By 1988, The Times had a circulation of 443,462.[84] By November 2005, The Times sold an average of 691,283 copies per day, the second-highest of any British "quality" newspaper (after The Daily Telegraph, which had a circulation of 903,405 copies in the period), and the highest in terms of full-rate sales.[85] By March 2014, average daily circulation of The Times had fallen to 394,448 copies,[86] compared to The Daily Telegraph's 523,048,[87] with the two retaining respectively the second-highest and highest circulations among British "quality" newspapers. In contrast The Sun, the highest-selling "tabloid" daily newspaper in the United Kingdom, sold an average of 2,069,809 copies in March 2014,[88] and the Daily Mail, the highest-selling "middle market" British daily newspaper, sold an average of 1,708,006 copies in the period.[89]

The Sunday Times has a significantly higher circulation than The Times, and sometimes outsells The Sunday Telegraph. In January 2019, The Times had a circulation of 417,298[90] and The Sunday Times 712,291.[90]

In a 2009 national readership survey, The Times was found to have the highest number of ABC1 25–44 readers and the largest numbers of readers in London of any of the "quality" papers.[91]

Typeface edit

The Times is the originator of the widely used Times New Roman typeface, originally developed by Stanley Morison of The Times in collaboration with Monotype Imaging for its legibility in low-tech printing. In November 2006, The Times began printing headlines in a new typeface, Times Modern. The Times was printed in broadsheet format for 219 years, but switched to compact size in 2004 in an attempt to appeal more to younger readers and commuters using public transport. The Sunday Times remains a broadsheet.

The… typeface — The Times New Roman — debuted on October 3, 1932… The design was exclusively available to The Times for one year, and then made available to other customers on October 3, 1933. (Documented in a few places, but the reference I have in front of me is The Monotype Recorder vol. XXXI, no. 247, from September–October 1932. Complicating matters, this was misprinted as being vol. XXI, no. 246.)

This is the big one: the previous face was not known as Times Old Roman. Jeez. Just think about it: why would something be known as "old" whatever before there was a new version? In fact — and this is documented in Printing in the Twentieth Century (published by The Times), The Monotype Recorder, and elsewhere — the various typefaces used before the introduction (The) Times New Roman [sic] didn't really have a formal name.

They were a suite of types originally made by Miller and Co. (later Miller & Richards) in Edinburgh around 1813, generally referred to as "modern". When The Times began using Monotype (and other hot-metal machines) in 1908, this design was remade by Monotype for its equipment. As near as I can tell, it looks like Monotype Series no. 1 – Modern (which was based on a Miller & Richards typeface) – was what was used up until 1932.

Dan Rhatigan, type director[92]

 
An example of the Times New Roman typeface

In 1908, The Times started using the Monotype Modern typeface.[93]

The Times commissioned the serif typeface Times New Roman, created by Victor Lardent at the English branch of Monotype, in 1931.[94] It was commissioned after Stanley Morison had written an article criticizing The Times for being badly printed and typographically antiquated.[95] The typeface was supervised by Morison and drawn by Victor Lardent, an artist from the advertising department of The Times. Morison used an older typeface named Plantin as the basis for his design, but made revisions for legibility and economy of space. Times New Roman made its debut in the issue of 3 October 1932.[96] After one year, the design was released for commercial sale. The Times stayed with Times New Roman for 40 years, but new production techniques and the format change from broadsheet to tabloid in 2004 have caused the newspaper to switch typeface five times since 1972. However, all the new typeface have been variants of the original New Roman type:

  • Times Europa was designed by Walter Tracy in 1972 for The Times, as a sturdier alternative to the Times font family, designed for the demands of faster printing presses and cheaper paper. The typeface features more open counter spaces.[97]
  • Times Roman replaced Times Europa on 30 August 1982.[98]
  • Times Millennium was made in 1991,[98] drawn by Gunnlaugur Briem on the instructions of Aurobind Patel, composing manager of News International.
  • Times Classic first appeared in 2001.[99] Designed as an economical face by the British type team of Dave Farey and Richard Dawson, it took advantage of the new PC-based publishing system at the newspaper, while obviating the production shortcomings of its predecessor Times Millennium. The new typeface included 120 letters per font. Initially the family comprised ten fonts, but a condensed version was added in 2004.[100]
  • Times Modern was unveiled on 20 November 2006, as the successor of Times Classic.[98] Designed for improving legibility in smaller font sizes, it uses 45-degree angled bracket serifs. The typeface was published by Elsner + Flake as EF Times Modern; it was designed by Research Studios, led by Ben Preston (deputy editor of The Times) and designer Neville Brody.[101]

Political alignment edit

Historically, the paper was not overtly pro-Tory or Whig, but has been a long time bastion of the British Establishment and empire. In 1959, the historian of journalism Allan Nevins analysed the importance of The Times in shaping the views of events of London's elite, writing:

For much more than a century The Times has been an integral and important part of the political structure of Great Britain. Its news and its editorial comment have in general been carefully coordinated, and have at most times been handled with an earnest sense of responsibility. While the paper has admitted some trivia to its columns, its whole emphasis has been on important public affairs treated with an eye to the best interests of Britain. To guide this treatment, the editors have for long periods been in close touch with 10 Downing Street.[102]

The Times adopted a stance described as "peculiarly detached" at the 1945 general election; although it was increasingly critical of the Conservative Party's campaign, it did not advocate a vote for any one party.[103] However, the newspaper reverted to the Conservatives for the next election five years later. It supported the Conservatives for the subsequent three elections, followed by support for both the Conservatives and the Liberal Party for the next five elections, expressly supporting a Con–Lib coalition in 1974. The paper then backed the Conservatives solidly until 1997, when it declined to make any party endorsement but supported individual (primarily Eurosceptic) candidates.[104]

For the 2001 general election, The Times declared its support for Tony Blair's Labour government, which was re-elected by a landslide (although not as large as in 1997). It supported Labour again in 2005, when Labour achieved a third successive win, though with a reduced majority.[105] In 2004, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, and 26% for Labour.[106] For the 2010 general election, the newspaper declared its support for the Conservatives once again; the election ended in the Tories taking the most votes and seats but having to form a coalition with the Liberal Democrats in order to form a government as they had failed to gain an overall majority.[107]

Its changes in political alignment make it the most varied newspaper in terms of political support in British history.[107] Some columnists in The Times are connected to the Conservative Party such as Daniel Finkelstein, Tim Montgomerie, Matthew Parris, and Matt Ridley, but there are also columnists connected to the Labour Party such as David Aaronovitch and Jenni Russell.[108]

The Times occasionally makes endorsements for foreign elections. In November 2012, it endorsed a second term for Democrat Barack Obama, although it also expressed reservations about his foreign policy.[109]

During the 2019 Conservative leadership election, The Times endorsed Boris Johnson,[110] and subsequently endorsed the Conservative Party in the general election of that year.[111]

In 2022 Tony Gallagher was appointed to replace John Witherow, who had served nine years as editor. A former Sun editor, Gallagher enthusiastically backed Brexit during the 2016 EU referendum. According to The Guardian, "The Times' readership is split politically, with journalists at the outlet speculating on how Gallagher will shape the paper's editorial line as the prospect of a Labour government becomes more likely (in 2024)."[112]

Sponsorships edit

The Times, along with the British Film Institute, sponsors "The Times" bfi London Film Festival.[113] It also sponsors the Cheltenham Literature Festival and the Asia House Festival of Asian Literature at Asia House, London.[114]

Editors edit

Related publications edit

An Irish digital edition of the paper was launched in September 2015 at TheTimes.ie.[116][117] A print edition was launched in June 2017, replacing the international edition previously distributed in Ireland.[118] The Irish edition was set to close in June 2019 with the loss of 20 jobs.[119]

The Times Literary Supplement (TLS) first appeared in 1902 as a supplement to The Times, becoming a separately paid-for weekly literature and society magazine in 1914.[120] The TLS is owned and published by News International and co-operates closely with The Times, with its online version hosted on The Times website, and its editorial offices based in 1 London Bridge Street, London.[121]

Between 1951 and 1966, The Times published a separately paid-for quarterly science review, The Times Science Review. The Times started a new, free, monthly science magazine, Eureka, in October 2009.[122] The magazine closed in October 2012.[123]

The Times Review of Industry[124] (which began in 1947)[125] and Technology (which began in 1957)[126] merged in March 1963[127] to become The Times Review of Industry & Technology.[128] From 1952, The Times Review of Industry included the London and Cambridge Economic Bulletin.[129]

Times Atlases have been produced since 1895. They are currently produced by the Collins Bartholomew imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. The flagship product is The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World.[130]

In 1971, The Times began publishing the Times Higher Education Supplement (now known as the Times Higher Education) which focuses its coverage on tertiary education.[131]

Historical value edit

In 1915, R P Farley said "the files of the Times must be constantly studied" as an authority for the political and social history of the English people during the period from the Reform Bill 1832 to the Education Act 1870 (1832 to 1870).[132] From 1971 to 1973, John Joseph Bagley said The Times is "valuable" as a source of Nineteenth Century English history,[133] and that the annual index to The Times is useful for the Twentieth Century.[134] In 2003, Richard Krzys said The Times is very reliable as a source of history.[135] In 2016, Denise Bates said The Times is "indispensable" as a source for historical events of national importance.[136]

In 2019, James Oldham said The Times is an important source for nisi prius trials.[137] In 2015, Johnston and Plummer said that The Times is an important source for music reviews.[138]

In popular culture edit

In the dystopian future world of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, The Times has been transformed into an organ of the totalitarian ruling party.[139] The book's lead character Winston Smith is employed in the task of rewriting past issues of the newspaper for the Ministry of Truth.[140]

Rex Stout's fictional detective Nero Wolfe is described as fond of solving the London Times' crossword puzzle at his New York home, in preference to those of American papers.[141][142]

In the James Bond series by Ian Fleming, James Bond reads The Times. As described by Fleming in From Russia, with Love: The Times was "the only paper that Bond ever read."[143]

See also edit

References edit

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  6. ^ "The UK's 'other paper of record'". BBC News. 19 January 2004. from the original on 24 February 2024.
  7. ^ "The Times & The Sunday Times surpass 300,000 digital-only subscribers". News UK. from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
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  12. ^ Lewis, Leo (16 July 2011). . The Times. London. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
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Further reading edit

  • Bingham, Adrian. "The Times Digital Archive, 1785–2006 (Gale Cengage)", English Historical Review (2013) 128#533 pp. 1037–1040. doi:10.1093/ehr/cet144
  • Evans, Harold (1983). Good Times, Bad Times. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-78295-9. – includes sections of black-and-white photographic plates, plus a few charts and diagrams in text pages.
  • Merrill, John C. and Harold A. Fisher. The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers (1980) pp. 320–29.
  • Morison, Stanley. The History of the Times: Volume 1: The Thunderer" in the Making 1785–1841. Volume 2: The Tradition Established 1841–1884. Volume 3: The Twentieth Century Test 1884–1912. Volume 4 [published in two parts]:The 150th Anniversary and Beyond 1912–1948. (1952)
  • Riggs, Bruce Timothy. "Geoffrey Dawson, editor of "The Times" (London), and his contribution to the appeasement movement" (PhD dissertation, U of North Texas, 1993) online, bibliography pp 229–33.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Times.
 
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The Times
 
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  • Times (London, England) Collection at the Harry Ransom Center
  • Official website
  • Today's The Times front page at the Freedom Forum website
  • Works by or about The Times at Internet Archive (archives)
  • Works by The Times at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)  
  • Anthony Trollope's satire
  • Journalism Now: The Times
  • including a detailing landmark Times atlases
  • Archive from 1785 to 2008 – full text and original layout, searchable (not free of charge, registration required)
  • Neil, Andrew; Griffiths, Ian; Fitzpatrick, Barry (15 January 2006). "Three views of the industrial dispute twenty years on". The Observer. UK.

January 01, 1970
times, this, article, about, british, newspaper, based, london, other, uses, disambiguation, british, daily, national, newspaper, based, london, began, 1785, under, title, daily, universal, register, adopting, modern, name, january, 1788, sister, paper, sunday. This article is about the British newspaper based in London For other uses see The Times disambiguation The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register adopting its modern name on 1 January 1788 The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times founded in 1821 are published by Times Media since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK in turn wholly owned by News Corp The Times and The Sunday Times which do not share editorial staff were founded independently and have had common ownership only since 1966 2 In general the political position of The Times is considered to be centre right 3 The TimesFront page 19 October 2015TypeDaily newspaperFormatCompactOwner s News UKEditorTony GallagherFounded1 January 1785 239 years ago 1785 01 01 as The Daily Universal Register Political alignmentCentre rightHeadquartersThe News Building London1 London Bridge Place SE1 9GFCountryUnited KingdomCirculation365 880 as of March 2020 1 Sister newspapersThe Sunday TimesISSN0140 0460Websitethetimes wbr co wbr ukMedia of the United KingdomList of newspapers The Times was the first newspaper to bear that name inspiring numerous other papers around the world such as The Times of India and The New York Times In countries where these other titles are popular the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times 4 or The Times of London 5 although the newspaper is of national scope and distribution It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK 6 The Times had an average daily circulation of 365 880 in March 2020 in the same period The Sunday Times had an average weekly circulation of 647 622 1 The two newspapers also had 304 000 digital only paid subscribers as of June 2019 7 An American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June 2006 8 The Times has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index A complete historical file of the digitised paper up to 2019 is online from Gale Cengage Learning 9 10 Contents 1 History 1 1 1785 to 1890 1 2 1890 to 1981 1 3 From 1981 2 Content 2 1 Times2 2 2 The Game 2 3 Saturday supplements 2 3 1 The Times Magazine 2 4 Online presence 3 Ownership 4 Readership 5 Typeface 6 Political alignment 7 Sponsorships 8 Editors 9 Related publications 10 Historical value 11 In popular culture 12 See also 13 References 14 Further reading 15 External linksHistory edit1785 to 1890 edit nbsp Front page of The Times from 4 December 1788 The Times was founded by publisher John Walter 1738 1812 on 1 January 1785 as The Daily Universal Register 11 with Walter in the role of editor 12 Walter had lost his job by the end of 1784 after the insurance company for which he worked went bankrupt due to losses from a Jamaican hurricane Unemployed Walter began a new business venture 13 14 At that time Henry Johnson invented the logography a new typography that was reputedly faster and more precise although three years later it was proved less efficient than advertised Walter bought the logography s patent and with it opened a printing house to produce books 14 The first publication of the newspaper The Daily Universal Register was on 1 January 1785 Walter changed the title after 940 editions on 1 January 1788 to The Times 11 14 In 1803 Walter handed ownership and editorship to his son of the same name 14 Walter Sr s pioneering efforts to obtain Continental news especially from France helped build the paper s reputation among policy makers and financiers 15 in spite of a sixteen month incarceration in Newgate Prison for libels printed in The Times 14 The Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics science literature and the arts to build its reputation For much of its early life the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers Beginning in 1814 the paper was printed on the new steam driven cylinder press developed by Friedrich Koenig 1774 1833 16 17 In 1815 The Times had a circulation of 5 000 18 Thomas Barnes was appointed general editor in 1817 In the same year the paper s printer James Lawson died and passed the business onto his son John Joseph Lawson 1802 1852 Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841 John Thadeus Delane the influence of The Times rose to great heights especially in politics and amongst the City of London Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling were two noted journalists and gained for The Times the pompous satirical nickname The Thunderer from We thundered out the other day an article on social and political reform The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam driven rotary printing press Distribution via steam trains to rapidly growing concentrations of urban populations helped ensure the profitability of the paper and its growing influence 19 nbsp A wounded British officer reading The Times s report of the end of the Crimean War in John Everett Millais painting Peace Concluded The Times was one of the first newspapers to send war correspondents to cover particular conflicts William Howard Russell the paper s correspondent with the army in the Crimean War was immensely influential with his dispatches back to England 20 21 1890 to 1981 edit The Times faced financial failure in 1890 under Arthur Fraser Walter but it was rescued by an energetic editor Charles Frederic Moberly Bell During his tenure 1890 1911 The Times became associated with selling the Encyclopaedia Britannica using aggressive American marketing methods introduced by Horace Everett Hooper and his advertising executive Henry Haxton Due to legal fights between the Britannica s two owners Hooper and Walter Montgomery Jackson The Times severed its connection in 1908 and was bought by pioneering newspaper magnate Alfred Harmsworth later Lord Northcliffe 22 In editorials published on 29 and 31 July 1914 Wickham Steed the Times s Chief Editor argued that the British Empire should enter World War I 23 On 8 May 1920 also under the editorship of Steed The Times in an editorial endorsed the anti Semitic fabrication The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion as a genuine document and called Jews the world s greatest danger In the leader entitled The Jewish Peril a Disturbing Pamphlet Call for Inquiry Steed wrote about The Protocols of the Elders of Zion What are these Protocols Are they authentic If so what malevolent assembly concocted these plans and gloated over their exposition Are they forgery If so whence comes the uncanny note of prophecy prophecy in part fulfilled in part so far gone in the way of fulfillment 24 The following year when Philip Graves the Constantinople modern Istanbul correspondent of The Times exposed The Protocols as a forgery 25 The Times retracted the editorial of the previous year In 1922 John Jacob Astor son of the 1st Viscount Astor bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate The paper gained a measure of notoriety in the 1930s with its advocacy of German appeasement editor Geoffrey Dawson was closely allied with government supporters of appeasement most notably Neville Chamberlain Candid news reports by Norman Ebbut from Berlin that warned of Nazi warmongering were rewritten in London to support the appeasement policy 26 27 Kim Philby a double agent with primary allegiance to the Soviet Union was a correspondent for the newspaper in Spain during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s Philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict He later joined British Military Intelligence MI6 during World War II was promoted into senior positions after the war ended and defected to the Soviet Union when discovery was inevitable in 1963 28 nbsp Frontpage weekly magazine The Times 15 May 1940 with headline The old prime minister and the new Between 1941 and 1946 the left wing British historian E H Carr was assistant editor Carr was well known for the strongly pro Soviet tone of his editorials 29 In December 1944 when fighting broke out in Athens between the Greek Communist ELAS and the British Army Carr in a Times leader sided with the Communists leading Winston Churchill to condemn him and the article in a speech to the House of Commons 30 As a result of Carr s editorial The Times became popularly known during that stage of World War II as the threepenny Daily Worker the price of the Communist Party s Daily Worker being one penny 31 nbsp Roy Thomson On 3 May 1966 it resumed printing news on the front page previously the front page had been given over to small advertisements usually of interest to the moneyed classes in British society Also in 1966 the Royal Arms which had been a feature of the newspaper s masthead since its inception was abandoned 32 33 In the same year members of the Astor family sold the paper to Canadian publishing magnate Roy Thomson His Thomson Corporation brought it under the same ownership as The Sunday Times to form Times Newspapers Limited 34 An industrial dispute prompted the management to shut the paper for nearly a year from 1 December 1978 to 12 November 1979 35 The Thomson Corporation management were struggling to run the business due to the 1979 energy crisis and union demands Management sought a buyer who was in a position to guarantee the survival of both titles and had the resources and was committed to funding the introduction of modern printing methods citation needed Several suitors appeared including Robert Maxwell Tiny Rowland and Lord Rothermere however only one buyer was in a position to meet the full Thomson remit Australian media magnate Rupert Murdoch 36 Robert Holmes a Court another Australian magnate had previously tried to buy The Times in 1980 37 From 1981 edit In 1981 The Times and The Sunday Times were bought from Thomson by Rupert Murdoch s News International 38 The acquisition followed three weeks of intensive bargaining with the unions by company negotiators John Collier and Bill O Neill Murdoch gave legal undertakings to maintain separate journalism resources for the two titles 39 The Royal Arms was reintroduced to the masthead at about this time but whereas previously it had been that of the reigning monarch it would now be that of the House of Hanover who were on the throne when the newspaper was founded 33 After 14 years as editor William Rees Mogg resigned upon completion of the change of ownership 38 Murdoch began to make his mark on the paper by appointing Harold Evans as his replacement 40 One of his most important changes was the introduction of new technology and efficiency measures Between March 1981 and May 1982 following agreement with print unions the hot metal Linotype printing process used to print The Times since the 19th century was phased out and replaced by computer input and photo composition This allowed print room staff at The Times and The Sunday Times to be reduced by half However direct input of text by journalists single stroke input was still not achieved and this was to remain an interim measure until the Wapping dispute of 1986 when The Times moved from New Printing House Square in Gray s Inn Road near Fleet Street to new offices in Wapping 41 42 Robert Fisk 43 seven times British International Journalist of the Year 44 resigned as foreign correspondent in 1988 over what he saw as political censorship of his article on the shooting down of Iran Air Flight 655 in July 1988 He wrote in detail about his reasons for resigning from the paper due to meddling with his stories and the paper s pro Israel stance 45 In June 1990 The Times ceased its policy of using courtesy titles Mr Mrs or Miss prefixes for living persons before full names on first reference but it continues to use them before surnames on subsequent references In 1992 it accepted the use of Ms for unmarried women if they express a preference 46 In November 2003 News International began producing the newspaper in both broadsheet and tabloid sizes 47 Over the next year the broadsheet edition was withdrawn from Northern Ireland Scotland and the West Country Since 1 November 2004 the paper has been printed solely in tabloid format 48 On 6 June 2005 The Times redesigned its Letters page dropping the practice of printing correspondents full postal addresses Published letters were long regarded as one of the paper s key constituents According to its leading article From Our Own Correspondents the reason for removal of full postal addresses was to fit more letters onto the page 49 In a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications which was investigating media ownership and the news Murdoch stated that the law and the independent board prevented him from exercising editorial control 50 In May 2008 printing of The Times switched from Wapping to new plants at Waltham Cross in Hertfordshire and Merseyside and Glasgow enabling the paper to be produced with full colour on every page for the first time 51 On 26 July 2012 to coincide with the official start of the London 2012 Olympics and the issuing of a series of souvenir front covers The Times added the suffix of London to its masthead citation needed In March 2016 the paper dropped its rolling digital coverage for a series of editions of the paper at 9am midday and 5pm on weekdays 52 The change also saw a redesign for the paper s app for smartphones and tablets 53 In April 2018 IPSO upheld a complaint against The Times for its report of a court hearing in a Tower Hamlets fostering case 54 In April 2019 culture secretary Jeremy Wright said he was minded to allow a request by News UK to relax the legal undertakings given in 1981 to maintain separate journalism resources for The Times and The Sunday Times 39 55 In 2019 IPSO upheld complaints against The Times over their article GPS data shows container visited trafficking hotspot 56 and for three articles as part of a series on pollution in Britain s waterways No river safe for bathing Filthy Business and Behind the story 54 IPSO also upheld complaints in 2019 against articles headlined Funding secret of scientists against hunt trophy ban 57 and Britons lose out to rush of foreign medical students 58 In 2019 The Times published an article about Imam Abdullah Patel which wrongly claimed Patel had blamed Israel for the 2003 murder of a British police officer by a terror suspect in Manchester The story also wrongly claimed that Patel ran a primary school that had been criticised by Ofsted for segregating parents at events which Ofsted said was contrary to British democratic principles The Times settled Patel s defamation claim by issuing an apology and offering to pay damages and legal costs Patel s solicitor Zillur Rahman said the case highlights the shocking level of journalism to which the Muslim community are often subject 59 In 2019 The Times published an article titled Female Circumcision is like clipping a nail claimed speaker The article featured a photo of Sultan Choudhury beside the headline leading some readers to incorrectly infer that Choudhury had made the comment Choudhury lodged a complaint with the Independent Press Standards Organisation and sued The Times for libel In 2020 The Times issued an apology amended its article and agreed to pay Choudhury damages and legal costs Choudhury s solicitor Nishtar Saleem said This is another example of irresponsible journalism Publishing sensational excerpts on a free site whilst concealing the full article behind a paywall is a dangerous game 60 In December 2020 Cage and Moazzam Begg received damages of 30 000 plus costs in a libel case they had brought against The Times newspaper In June 2020 a report in The Times had suggested that Cage and Begg were supporting a man who had been arrested in relation to a knife attack in Reading in which three men were murdered The Times report also suggested that Cage and Begg were excusing the actions of the accused man by mentioning mistakes made by the police and others In addition to paying damages The Times printed an apology Cage stated that the damages amount would be used to expose state sponsored Islamophobia and those complicit with it in the press The Murdoch press empire has actively supported xenophobic elements and undermined principles of open society and accountability We will continue to shine a light on war criminals and torture apologists and press barons who fan the flames of hate 61 62 Content editThe Times features news for the first half of the paper the Opinion Comment section begins after the first news section with world news normally following this The business pages begin on the centre spread and are followed by The Register containing obituaries a Court amp Social section and related material The sport section is at the end of the main paper In April 2016 the cover price of The Times became 1 40 on weekdays and 1 50 on Saturdays 63 Times2 edit The Times main supplement every day is the times2 featuring various columns 64 65 It was discontinued in early March 2010 66 67 but reintroduced on 12 October 2010 after discontinuation was criticised 68 Its regular features include a puzzles section called Mind Games Its previous incarnation began on 5 September 2005 before which it was called T2 and previously Times 2 68 The supplement contains arts and lifestyle features TV and radio listings and theatre reviews The newspaper employs Richard Morrison as its classical music critic 69 The Game edit The Game is included in the newspaper on Mondays and details all the weekend s football activity Premier League and Football League Championship League One and League Two The Scottish edition of The Game also includes results and analysis from Scottish Premier League games During the FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euros there is a daily supplement of The Game 70 Saturday supplements edit The Saturday edition of The Times contains a variety of supplements These supplements were relaunched in January 2009 as Sport Saturday Review arts books TV listings and ideas Weekend including travel and lifestyle features Playlist an entertainment listings guide and The Times Magazine columns on various topics 2 The Times Magazine edit The Times Magazine features columns touching on various subjects such as celebrities fashion and beauty food and drink homes and gardens or simply writers anecdotes Notable contributors include Giles Coren Food and Drink Writer of the Year in 2005 and Nadiya Hussain winner of The Great British Bake Off 71 Online presence edit The Times Online redirects here For the online version of The Beaver County Times see The Beaver County Times The Times and The Sunday Times have had an online presence since 1996 originally at the times co uk and sunday times co uk and later at timesonline co uk There are now two websites thetimes co uk is aimed at daily readers and the thesundaytimes co uk site at providing weekly magazine like content There are also iPad and Android editions of both newspapers Since July 2010 News UK has required readers who do not subscribe to the print edition to pay 2 per week to read The Times and The Sunday Times online 72 Visits to the websites have decreased by 87 since the paywall was introduced from 21 million unique users per month to 2 7 million 73 In April 2009 the timesonline site had a readership of 750 000 readers per day 74 In October 2011 there were around 111 000 subscribers to The Times digital products 75 A Reuters Institute survey in 2021 put the number of digital subscribers at around 400 000 and ranked The Times as having the sixth highest trust rating out of 13 different outlets polled 76 The Times Digital Archive is available by subscription Ownership editThe Times has had the following eight owners since its foundation in 1785 77 1785 to 1803 John Walter 1803 to 1847 John Walter 2nd 1847 to 1894 John Walter III 1894 to 1908 Arthur Fraser Walter 1908 to 1922 Lord Northcliffe 1922 to 1966 Astor family 1966 to 1981 Roy Thomson 1981 to present News UK formerly News International a wholly owned subsidiary of News Corp run by Rupert Murdoch 78 79 nbsp John Walter the founder of The Times nbsp John Walter II nbsp John Walter III nbsp Lord Northcliffe nbsp Roy Thomson nbsp Rupert MurdochReadership editThe Times had a circulation of 70 405 on 5 September 1870 due to a reduction in price and the Franco Prussian War 80 81 82 The Times had a circulation of 150 000 in March 1914 due to a reduction in price 83 The Times had a circulation of 248 338 in 1958 a circulation of 408 300 in 1968 and a circulation of 295 863 in 1978 84 At the time of Harold Evans appointment as editor in 1981 The Times had an average daily sale of 282 000 copies in comparison to the 1 4 million daily sales of its traditional rival The Daily Telegraph 40 By 1988 The Times had a circulation of 443 462 84 By November 2005 The Times sold an average of 691 283 copies per day the second highest of any British quality newspaper after The Daily Telegraph which had a circulation of 903 405 copies in the period and the highest in terms of full rate sales 85 By March 2014 average daily circulation of The Times had fallen to 394 448 copies 86 compared to The Daily Telegraph s 523 048 87 with the two retaining respectively the second highest and highest circulations among British quality newspapers In contrast The Sun the highest selling tabloid daily newspaper in the United Kingdom sold an average of 2 069 809 copies in March 2014 88 and the Daily Mail the highest selling middle market British daily newspaper sold an average of 1 708 006 copies in the period 89 The Sunday Times has a significantly higher circulation than The Times and sometimes outsells The Sunday Telegraph In January 2019 The Times had a circulation of 417 298 90 and The Sunday Times 712 291 90 In a 2009 national readership survey The Times was found to have the highest number of ABC1 25 44 readers and the largest numbers of readers in London of any of the quality papers 91 Typeface editThe Times is the originator of the widely used Times New Roman typeface originally developed by Stanley Morison of The Times in collaboration with Monotype Imaging for its legibility in low tech printing In November 2006 The Times began printing headlines in a new typeface Times Modern The Times was printed in broadsheet format for 219 years but switched to compact size in 2004 in an attempt to appeal more to younger readers and commuters using public transport The Sunday Times remains a broadsheet The typeface The Times New Roman debuted on October 3 1932 The design was exclusively available to The Times for one year and then made available to other customers on October 3 1933 Documented in a few places but the reference I have in front of me is The Monotype Recorder vol XXXI no 247 from September October 1932 Complicating matters this was misprinted as being vol XXI no 246 This is the big one the previous face was not known as Times Old Roman Jeez Just think about it why would something be known as old whatever before there was a new version In fact and this is documented in Printing in the Twentieth Century published by The Times The Monotype Recorder and elsewhere the various typefaces used before the introduction The Times New Roman sic didn t really have a formal name They were a suite of types originally made by Miller and Co later Miller amp Richards in Edinburgh around 1813 generally referred to as modern When The Times began using Monotype and other hot metal machines in 1908 this design was remade by Monotype for its equipment As near as I can tell it looks like Monotype Series no 1 Modern which was based on a Miller amp Richards typeface was what was used up until 1932 Dan Rhatigan type director 92 nbsp An example of the Times New Roman typeface In 1908 The Times started using the Monotype Modern typeface 93 The Times commissioned the serif typeface Times New Roman created by Victor Lardent at the English branch of Monotype in 1931 94 It was commissioned after Stanley Morison had written an article criticizing The Times for being badly printed and typographically antiquated 95 The typeface was supervised by Morison and drawn by Victor Lardent an artist from the advertising department of The Times Morison used an older typeface named Plantin as the basis for his design but made revisions for legibility and economy of space Times New Roman made its debut in the issue of 3 October 1932 96 After one year the design was released for commercial sale The Times stayed with Times New Roman for 40 years but new production techniques and the format change from broadsheet to tabloid in 2004 have caused the newspaper to switch typeface five times since 1972 However all the new typeface have been variants of the original New Roman type Times Europa was designed by Walter Tracy in 1972 for The Times as a sturdier alternative to the Times font family designed for the demands of faster printing presses and cheaper paper The typeface features more open counter spaces 97 Times Roman replaced Times Europa on 30 August 1982 98 Times Millennium was made in 1991 98 drawn by Gunnlaugur Briem on the instructions of Aurobind Patel composing manager of News International Times Classic first appeared in 2001 99 Designed as an economical face by the British type team of Dave Farey and Richard Dawson it took advantage of the new PC based publishing system at the newspaper while obviating the production shortcomings of its predecessor Times Millennium The new typeface included 120 letters per font Initially the family comprised ten fonts but a condensed version was added in 2004 100 Times Modern was unveiled on 20 November 2006 as the successor of Times Classic 98 Designed for improving legibility in smaller font sizes it uses 45 degree angled bracket serifs The typeface was published by Elsner Flake as EF Times Modern it was designed by Research Studios led by Ben Preston deputy editor of The Times and designer Neville Brody 101 Political alignment editHistorically the paper was not overtly pro Tory or Whig but has been a long time bastion of the British Establishment and empire In 1959 the historian of journalism Allan Nevins analysed the importance of The Times in shaping the views of events of London s elite writing For much more than a century The Times has been an integral and important part of the political structure of Great Britain Its news and its editorial comment have in general been carefully coordinated and have at most times been handled with an earnest sense of responsibility While the paper has admitted some trivia to its columns its whole emphasis has been on important public affairs treated with an eye to the best interests of Britain To guide this treatment the editors have for long periods been in close touch with 10 Downing Street 102 The Times adopted a stance described as peculiarly detached at the 1945 general election although it was increasingly critical of the Conservative Party s campaign it did not advocate a vote for any one party 103 However the newspaper reverted to the Conservatives for the next election five years later It supported the Conservatives for the subsequent three elections followed by support for both the Conservatives and the Liberal Party for the next five elections expressly supporting a Con Lib coalition in 1974 The paper then backed the Conservatives solidly until 1997 when it declined to make any party endorsement but supported individual primarily Eurosceptic candidates 104 For the 2001 general election The Times declared its support for Tony Blair s Labour government which was re elected by a landslide although not as large as in 1997 It supported Labour again in 2005 when Labour achieved a third successive win though with a reduced majority 105 In 2004 according to MORI the voting intentions of its readership were 40 for the Conservative Party 29 for the Liberal Democrats and 26 for Labour 106 For the 2010 general election the newspaper declared its support for the Conservatives once again the election ended in the Tories taking the most votes and seats but having to form a coalition with the Liberal Democrats in order to form a government as they had failed to gain an overall majority 107 Its changes in political alignment make it the most varied newspaper in terms of political support in British history 107 Some columnists in The Times are connected to the Conservative Party such as Daniel Finkelstein Tim Montgomerie Matthew Parris and Matt Ridley but there are also columnists connected to the Labour Party such as David Aaronovitch and Jenni Russell 108 The Times occasionally makes endorsements for foreign elections In November 2012 it endorsed a second term for Democrat Barack Obama although it also expressed reservations about his foreign policy 109 During the 2019 Conservative leadership election The Times endorsed Boris Johnson 110 and subsequently endorsed the Conservative Party in the general election of that year 111 In 2022 Tony Gallagher was appointed to replace John Witherow who had served nine years as editor A former Sun editor Gallagher enthusiastically backed Brexit during the 2016 EU referendum According to The Guardian The Times readership is split politically with journalists at the outlet speculating on how Gallagher will shape the paper s editorial line as the prospect of a Labour government becomes more likely in 2024 112 Sponsorships editThe Times along with the British Film Institute sponsors The Times bfi London Film Festival 113 It also sponsors the Cheltenham Literature Festival and the Asia House Festival of Asian Literature at Asia House London 114 Editors editJohn Walter 1785 to 1803 John Walter Jnr 1803 to 1812 Sir John Stoddart 1812 to 1816 Thomas Barnes 1817 to 1841 John Thadeus Delane 1841 to 1877 Thomas Chenery 1877 to 1884 George Earle Buckle 1884 to 1912 George Geoffrey Dawson 1912 to 1919 George Sydney Freeman 1919 two month inter regnum 115 Henry Wickham Steed 1919 to 1922 George Geoffrey Dawson1923 to 1941 Robert McGowan Barrington Ward 1941 to 1948 William Francis Casey 1948 to 1952 Sir William John Haley 1952 to 1966 William Rees Mogg 1967 to 1981 Harold Evans 1981 to 1982 Charles Douglas Home 1982 to 1985 Charles Wilson 1985 to 1990 Simon Jenkins 1990 to 1992 Peter Stothard 1992 to 2002 Robert Thomson 2002 to 2007 James Harding 2007 to 2012 John Witherow 2013 to 2022 Tony Gallagher 2022 to dateRelated publications editAn Irish digital edition of the paper was launched in September 2015 at TheTimes ie 116 117 A print edition was launched in June 2017 replacing the international edition previously distributed in Ireland 118 The Irish edition was set to close in June 2019 with the loss of 20 jobs 119 The Times Literary Supplement TLS first appeared in 1902 as a supplement to The Times becoming a separately paid for weekly literature and society magazine in 1914 120 The TLS is owned and published by News International and co operates closely with The Times with its online version hosted on The Times website and its editorial offices based in 1 London Bridge Street London 121 Between 1951 and 1966 The Times published a separately paid for quarterly science review The Times Science Review The Times started a new free monthly science magazine Eureka in October 2009 122 The magazine closed in October 2012 123 The Times Review of Industry 124 which began in 1947 125 and Technology which began in 1957 126 merged in March 1963 127 to become The Times Review of Industry amp Technology 128 From 1952 The Times Review of Industry included the London and Cambridge Economic Bulletin 129 Times Atlases have been produced since 1895 They are currently produced by the Collins Bartholomew imprint of HarperCollins Publishers The flagship product is The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World 130 In 1971 The Times began publishing the Times Higher Education Supplement now known as the Times Higher Education which focuses its coverage on tertiary education 131 Historical value editIn 1915 R P Farley said the files of the Times must be constantly studied as an authority for the political and social history of the English people during the period from the Reform Bill 1832 to the Education Act 1870 1832 to 1870 132 From 1971 to 1973 John Joseph Bagley said The Times is valuable as a source of Nineteenth Century English history 133 and that the annual index to The Times is useful for the Twentieth Century 134 In 2003 Richard Krzys said The Times is very reliable as a source of history 135 In 2016 Denise Bates said The Times is indispensable as a source for historical events of national importance 136 In 2019 James Oldham said The Times is an important source for nisi prius trials 137 In 2015 Johnston and Plummer said that The Times is an important source for music reviews 138 In popular culture editIn the dystopian future world of George Orwell s Nineteen Eighty Four The Times has been transformed into an organ of the totalitarian ruling party 139 The book s lead character Winston Smith is employed in the task of rewriting past issues of the newspaper for the Ministry of Truth 140 Rex Stout s fictional detective Nero Wolfe is described as fond of solving the London Times crossword puzzle at his New York home in preference to those of American papers 141 142 In the James Bond series by Ian Fleming James Bond reads The Times As described by Fleming in From Russia with Love The Times was the only paper that Bond ever read 143 See also edit nbsp Journalism portal nbsp London portal History of journalism in the United Kingdom List of the oldest newspapersReferences edit a b Tobitt Charlotte Majid Aisha 25 January 2023 National press ABCs December distribution dive for freesheets Standard and City AM Press Gazette Archived from the original on 25 April 2023 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Tom 2016 Variations on Newspeak The Open Question of Nineteen Eighty Four Hard Reading Learning from Science Fiction Liverpool Science Fiction Texts and Studies Liverpool University Press p 233 ISBN 9781781384398 Archived from the original on 21 March 2024 Retrieved 29 December 2019 Lynskey Dorian 4 June 2019 The Ministry of Truth The Biography of George Orwell s 1984 Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group p 78 ISBN 978 0 385 54406 1 Archived from the original on 21 March 2024 Retrieved 28 December 2019 Stout Rex 12 May 2010 Murder by the Book Random House Publishing Group pp vi ISBN 978 0 307 75606 0 Archived from the original on 21 March 2024 Retrieved 28 December 2019 Stout Rex 28 April 2010 Triple Jeopardy Random House Publishing Group p 119 ISBN 978 0 307 75630 5 Archived from the original on 21 March 2024 Retrieved 28 December 2019 Mullan John 28 December 2002 Licence to sell The Guardian London Archived from the original on 26 March 2014 Retrieved 20 July 2012 Further reading editBingham Adrian The Times Digital Archive 1785 2006 Gale Cengage English Historical Review 2013 128 533 pp 1037 1040 doi 10 1093 ehr cet144 Evans Harold 1983 Good Times Bad Times Weidenfeld and Nicolson ISBN 0 297 78295 9 includes sections of black and white photographic plates plus a few charts and diagrams in text pages Merrill John C and Harold A Fisher The world s great dailies profiles of fifty newspapers 1980 pp 320 29 Morison Stanley The History of the Times Volume 1 The Thunderer in the Making 1785 1841 Volume 2 The Tradition Established 1841 1884 Volume 3 The Twentieth Century Test 1884 1912 Volume 4 published in two parts The 150th Anniversary and Beyond 1912 1948 1952 Riggs Bruce Timothy Geoffrey Dawson editor of The Times London and his contribution to the appeasement movement PhD dissertation U of North Texas 1993 online bibliography pp 229 33 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Times nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article The Times nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to The Times Times London England Collection at the Harry Ransom Center Official website Today s The Times front page at the Freedom Forum website Works by or about The Times at Internet Archive archives Works by The Times at LibriVox public domain audiobooks nbsp Anthony Trollope s satire on the mid nineteenth century Times Journalism Now The Times Winchester University Journalism History project on The Times in the 19th century Times World Atlases official website including a History and Heritage section detailing landmark Times atlases Archive from 1785 to 2008 full text and original layout searchable not free of charge registration required Neil Andrew Griffiths Ian Fitzpatrick Barry 15 January 2006 Three views of the industrial dispute twenty years on The Observer UK The Times editor Robert Thomson lecture online From the editorial desk of The Times RMIT School of Applied Communication Public Lecture series Retrieved from 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