According to Philippine laws, terrorism is a crime under the Human Security Act of 2007 which describes such acts as causing "widespread and extraordinary fear and panic among the populace". The first group to be officially listed as a terrorist organization under the law was the Abu Sayyaf on September 10, 2015, by the Basilan provincial court.[9] The law's weaknesses was cited by Senator Panfilo Lacson, who called the law a "dead letter law" for being "severely underutilized".[10]
On 3 July 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law Republic Act 11479, better known as the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020. This replaced the Human Security Act and revised and expanded the definition of terror offenses.[11] Rights groups criticized the law, calling it "draconian", and filed a case on its constitutionality to the Supreme Court; the Court upheld the law on 26 April 2022[12] but struck down provisions allowing the anti-terror council (ATC) to designate a person or a group as terrorists based on a request by another country[13] and a vague definition of terrorist acts that was deemed too "overbroad and violative of freedom of expression."[14]
On 21 September 2022, an petition filed by the Philippine government in 2018 to declare the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its armed wing, the New People's Army (NPA) as terrorist organizations citing the Human Security Act was denied by a court in Manila, which ruled that the groups were not organized for terrorism and their resort to armed guerrilla warfare was only a means to achieve their purpose. It also cited the absence of a law that banned membership in communist groups.[15] Nevertheless, the government has continued to designate individuals and organizations linked to the group as "terrorists" through the ATC.[16]
Recent trendsEdit
Since January 2000 radical Islamist groups and Islamist separatist forces have carried out over 40 major bombings against civilian targets, mostly in the southern regions of the country around Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago.[17] Numerous bombings have also been carried out in and around Metro Manila, several hundred kilometres from the conflict in the southern regions, due to its political importance. From 2000 to 2007 attacks killed nearly 400 civilians and injured well over 1500 more,[18] more casualties than caused by bombings and other attacks in Indonesia, Morocco, Spain, Turkey, or Britain during the same period.[17]
Public transport and other gathering places, such as street markets, have been targets, however large-scale abductions and shootings have also been carried out by these groups, predominantly by the Abu Sayyaf and the Rajah Solaiman Movement.[18]
Under the Bongbong Marcos administration in June 2023, the Anti-Terrorism Council (ATC) designated four leaders of the Cordillera Peoples Alliance (CPA), a coalition of groups with links to the CPP-NPA,[19] as terrorists; Windel Bolinget, Jennifer Awingan, Sarah Abellon-Alikes, and Steve Tauli were accused of being members of the CPP-NPA Ilocos Cordillera Regional White Area Committee.[20] A month later, the ATC suspended Congressman for the 3rd district of Negros Occidental, Arnolfo Teves Jr.; his brother, Pryde Henry Teves; and eleven other associates as terrorists acting under what it called the "Teves Terrorist Group", in connection with the assassination of Negros Oriental GovernorRoel Degamo in March. This was the first time the council designated an elected official as a terrorist.[21]
^Mendoza, Ronald U.; Ong, Rommel Jude G.; Romano, Dion Lorenz L.; Torno, Bernadette Chloe P. (2021). "Counterterrorism in the Philippines: Review of Key Issues". Perspectives on Terrorism. 15 (1): 49–64. ISSN 2334-3745. JSTOR 26984797.
^(PDF). Vision of Humanity. Sydney: Institute for Economics and Peace. March 2023. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
^Joy Arellano, Clarisa. "EFFECT OF TERRORISM ON EMPLOYMENT AND RISE PRODUCTION IN THE PHILIPPINES" (PDF).
^Kalicharan, Veera Singam (2019). "An Evaluation of the Islamic State's Influence over the Abu Sayyaf". Perspectives on Terrorism. 13 (5): 90–101. ISSN 2334-3745. JSTOR 26798580.
^"Terrorism - Philippines travel advice". GOV.UK. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
^Gershman, John (2002). "Is Southeast Asia the Second Front?". Foreign Affairs. 81 (4): 60–74. doi:10.2307/20033240. ISSN 0015-7120. JSTOR 20033240.
^"Philippine court designates Abu Sayyaf a terrorist group". Sun Star. 11 September 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
^Moaje, Marita (17 June 2020). . Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
^"Philippines: Dangerous anti-terror law yet another setback for human rights". Amnesty International. 3 July 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
^"Supreme Court upholds with finality most of anti-terror law". Rappler. 26 April 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
^"SC voids anti-terror law power to designate terrorists based on other country's request". Rappler. 9 December 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
^"Supreme Court voids anti-terror law's 'killer' caveat on 'harmful' dissent". Rappler. 9 December 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
^Maitem, Jeoffrey (22 September 2022). "Philippine court junks govt petition to designate communist party as terrorist group". Benar News. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
^Pulta, Benjamin (13 July 2023). "ATC designates 6 alleged CPP-NPA members as 'terrorists'". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
^ abHuman Rights Watch Lives Destroyed: Attacks on Civilians in the Philippines. July 2007
^ abCarlos H. Conde, The New York Times 400 killed by terrorism in Philippines since 2000, report says 30 July 2007
^"Philippine Journal of Linguistics". Linguistic Society of the Philippines. 1987: 82. ISSN 0048-3796. Retrieved 20 September 2023. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^. CNN Philippines. 11 July 2023. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
^"Anti-Terrorism Council defends tagging Teves as terrorist". Rappler. 1 August 2023.
October 20, 2023
terrorism, philippines, terrorism, major, social, issue, philippines, linked, moro, conflict, communist, rebellion, country, ranks, 18th, place, global, terrorism, index, 2023, list, countries, most, affected, terrorism, contents, overview, legal, aspects, rec. Terrorism is a major social issue in the Philippines linked to the Moro conflict and the communist rebellion 1 The country ranks in 18th place on the Global Terrorism Index s 2023 list of countries most affected by terrorism 2 Contents 1 Overview 2 Legal aspects 3 Recent trends 4 List of terrorist incidents 5 See also 6 ReferencesOverview EditSince the late 1960s terrorism has become a major problem in the Philippines 3 These terrorist attacks are often carried out by several Jihadist and militants groups with different ideologies and motives 4 Such acts of terrorism include Bombings Domestic terrorism Kidnapping Drug trafficking Extortion Mass murder Assassination and other types of attack Terrorist groups like Abu Sayyaf the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters and Jemaah Islamiyah mostly operate in the Southern Philippines 5 The New People s Army maintains a wider range of operations across the country and launches attacks albeit on a lesser intensity than other rebel movements Following the September 11 attacks the Philippines became a new front on the American led War on Terror 6 During George W Bush s presidency the U S sent foreign aid and American troops in Mindanao to assist in counterinsurgency operations as part of Operation Enduring Freedom in the Philippines The Siege of Marawi ended in the deaths of several terrorist leaders and reduction of Islamic State presence in the Philippines Terrorist incidents in Philippines 7 8 Year Number ofincidents Deaths Injuries2017 692 218 1 4002016 633 411 7202015 717 444 7522014 597 472 7232013 651 432 6662012 247 210 4402011 149 127 2242010 205 155 2312009 230 152 3542008 275 220 3882007 65 115 4042006 58 60 1632005 25 49 1492004 32 206 1602003 107 288 5312002 48 125 3422001 50 154 2742000 132 190 6431999 31 45 1901998 18 6 851997 57 98 2731996 61 95 1431995 63 201 1021994 72 126 1981993 8 56 2161992 162 395 4651991 162 432 2471990 320 457 3401989 156 393 3231988 210 550 2561987 160 404 4851986 80 322 3551985 124 452 3771984 43 262 1081983 16 101 301982 38 139 2501981 31 176 3621980 60 163 5401979 50 107 761978 36 128 1931977 2 0 01976 10 47 731975 4 1 451974 1 3 01973 0 0 01972 7 2 11971 4 0 01970 10 41 13Legal aspects EditAccording to Philippine laws terrorism is a crime under the Human Security Act of 2007 which describes such acts as causing widespread and extraordinary fear and panic among the populace The first group to be officially listed as a terrorist organization under the law was the Abu Sayyaf on September 10 2015 by the Basilan provincial court 9 The law s weaknesses was cited by Senator Panfilo Lacson who called the law a dead letter law for being severely underutilized 10 On 3 July 2020 President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law Republic Act 11479 better known as the Anti Terrorism Act of 2020 This replaced the Human Security Act and revised and expanded the definition of terror offenses 11 Rights groups criticized the law calling it draconian and filed a case on its constitutionality to the Supreme Court the Court upheld the law on 26 April 2022 12 but struck down provisions allowing the anti terror council ATC to designate a person or a group as terrorists based on a request by another country 13 and a vague definition of terrorist acts that was deemed too overbroad and violative of freedom of expression 14 On 21 September 2022 an petition filed by the Philippine government in 2018 to declare the Communist Party of the Philippines CPP and its armed wing the New People s Army NPA as terrorist organizations citing the Human Security Act was denied by a court in Manila which ruled that the groups were not organized for terrorism and their resort to armed guerrilla warfare was only a means to achieve their purpose It also cited the absence of a law that banned membership in communist groups 15 Nevertheless the government has continued to designate individuals and organizations linked to the group as terrorists through the ATC 16 Recent trends EditSince January 2000 radical Islamist groups and Islamist separatist forces have carried out over 40 major bombings against civilian targets mostly in the southern regions of the country around Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago 17 Numerous bombings have also been carried out in and around Metro Manila several hundred kilometres from the conflict in the southern regions due to its political importance From 2000 to 2007 attacks killed nearly 400 civilians and injured well over 1500 more 18 more casualties than caused by bombings and other attacks in Indonesia Morocco Spain Turkey or Britain during the same period 17 Public transport and other gathering places such as street markets have been targets however large scale abductions and shootings have also been carried out by these groups predominantly by the Abu Sayyaf and the Rajah Solaiman Movement 18 Under the Bongbong Marcos administration in June 2023 the Anti Terrorism Council ATC designated four leaders of the Cordillera Peoples Alliance CPA a coalition of groups with links to the CPP NPA 19 as terrorists Windel Bolinget Jennifer Awingan Sarah Abellon Alikes and Steve Tauli were accused of being members of the CPP NPA Ilocos Cordillera Regional White Area Committee 20 A month later the ATC suspended Congressman for the 3rd district of Negros Occidental Arnolfo Teves Jr his brother Pryde Henry Teves and eleven other associates as terrorists acting under what it called the Teves Terrorist Group in connection with the assassination of Negros Oriental Governor Roel Degamo in March This was the first time the council designated an elected official as a terrorist 21 List of terrorist incidents EditMain article List of terrorist incidents in the PhilippinesSee also EditList of terrorist incidents in the Philippines Insurgency in the Philippines Moro conflict War on terror Philippines United States relationsReferences Edit Mendoza Ronald U Ong Rommel Jude G Romano Dion Lorenz L Torno Bernadette Chloe P 2021 Counterterrorism in the Philippines Review of Key Issues Perspectives on Terrorism 15 1 49 64 ISSN 2334 3745 JSTOR 26984797 Global Terrorism Index 2023 Measuring the Impact of Terrorism PDF Vision of Humanity Sydney Institute for Economics and Peace March 2023 p 10 Archived from the original PDF on 25 May 2023 Retrieved 17 August 2023 Joy Arellano Clarisa EFFECT OF TERRORISM ON EMPLOYMENT AND RISE PRODUCTION IN THE PHILIPPINES PDF Kalicharan Veera Singam 2019 An Evaluation of the Islamic State s Influence over the Abu Sayyaf Perspectives on Terrorism 13 5 90 101 ISSN 2334 3745 JSTOR 26798580 Terrorism Philippines travel advice GOV UK Retrieved 14 March 2023 Gershman John 2002 Is Southeast Asia the Second Front Foreign Affairs 81 4 60 74 doi 10 2307 20033240 ISSN 0015 7120 JSTOR 20033240 National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism 2016 Global Terrorism Database globalterrorismdb 0616dist xlsx Archived 10 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https www start umd edu gtd University of Maryland National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism 2016 Global Terrorism Database gtd1993 0616dist xlsx Archived 10 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https www start umd edu gtd University of Maryland Philippine court designates Abu Sayyaf a terrorist group Sun Star 11 September 2015 Retrieved 12 September 2015 Moaje Marita 17 June 2020 Lacson Esperon cite weaknesses of Human Security Act Philippine News Agency Archived from the original on 12 July 2020 Retrieved 17 August 2023 Philippines Dangerous anti terror law yet another setback for human rights Amnesty International 3 July 2020 Retrieved 19 April 2023 Supreme Court upholds with finality most of anti terror law Rappler 26 April 2022 Retrieved 19 April 2023 SC voids anti terror law power to designate terrorists based on other country s request Rappler 9 December 2021 Retrieved 19 April 2023 Supreme Court voids anti terror law s killer caveat on harmful dissent Rappler 9 December 2021 Retrieved 19 April 2023 Maitem Jeoffrey 22 September 2022 Philippine court junks govt petition to designate communist party as terrorist group Benar News Retrieved 22 August 2023 Pulta Benjamin 13 July 2023 ATC designates 6 alleged CPP NPA members as terrorists Philippine News Agency Retrieved 22 August 2023 a b Human Rights Watch Lives Destroyed Attacks on Civilians in the Philippines July 2007 a b Carlos H Conde The New York Times 400 killed by terrorism in Philippines since 2000 report says 30 July 2007 Philippine Journal of Linguistics Linguistic Society of the Philippines 1987 82 ISSN 0048 3796 Retrieved 20 September 2023 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Gov t designates 4 Cordillera IP activists as terrorists CNN Philippines 11 July 2023 Archived from the original on 26 July 2023 Retrieved 20 September 2023 Anti Terrorism Council defends tagging Teves as terrorist Rappler 1 August 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Terrorism in the Philippines amp oldid 1176938090, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
