Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat Beg (Persian: میرزا محمد حیدر دولت بیگ c. 1499/1500 – 1551) was a ChagataiTurco-Mongol military general, governor of Kashmir, and a historical writer, He was a MughalDughlat prince who wrote in Persian.[1] Haidar and Babur were cousins on their mother's side, through the line of Genghis Khan. Unlike Babur, Haidar considered himself more of an ethnic Mongol of Mughalistan.[2]
Mirza Muhammad Haider Dughlat میرزا محمد حیدر دولت بیگ
Silver sasnu issued in 1533 in Kashmir by Haidar Dughlat, in the name of Said Khan. The obverse legend reads al-sultan al-a'zam mir sa'id ghan.
Silver sasnu issued during 1546–50 in Kashmir by Haidar Dughlat, in the name of the Mughal emperor Humayun. The obverse legend reads al-sultan al-a'zam Muhammad humayun ghazi.
Mirza Haider Dughlat in the Tarikh-i Rashidi constantly alludes to a distinct tribe or community of Moghuls in Mughalistan, however reduced in numbers, who had preserved Mongol customs, and from the incindental references to Mongolian phrases and terms, likely retained elements of the original Mongolian language, despite the growth of Islam and the growing use of the Turki language, the latter which Haider naturally spoke.[3] According to the Tarikh-i Rashidi, Haider Dughlat considered his "Moghul Ulus" to be a separate people from the settled Turks of Transoxiania, from the fifteenth century and the first half of the sixteenth century.[4] According to Vasily Bartold, there are “some indications that the language of the Moghuls was Mongolian until the 16th century".[5] For the sedentary Mongols in Transoxiana, the nomadic Mongols to their east in Xinjiang and Kashgar represented a bastion of true Mongol culture, hence the name "Moghulistan".[6]
Campaigns
He first campaigned in Kashmir in 1533, on behalf of Sultan Said Khan, of Kashgar.[7][unreliable source?] However, he did not stay long in Kashmir, leaving after making a treaty with the local sultan and striking coins in the name of Said Khan. He had also attacked Tibet through Ladakh but failed to conquer Lhasa.[8]
He returned in 1540, fighting for the Mughal EmperorHumayun,[9] first son of Babur, this time for a military takeover at the invitation of one of the two rival factions that continually vied for power in Kashmir. This was shortly after Humayun's 1540 defeat at the Battle of Kanauj, where Dughlat was also on the losing side.[citation needed] Arriving in Kashmir, Haidar installed as sultan the head of the Sayyid faction, Nazuk. In 1546, after Humayun recovered Kabul, Haidar removed Nazuk Shah and struck coins in the name of the Mughal emperor.[10] He died in 1550 after being killed in battle with the Kashmiris. He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar.
Works
His historical work Tarikh-i-Rashidi (تاریخ رشیدی) ( History of Rashid ) is a personal memoir combined with a Central Asian history written in Persian. Mirza Muhammad Haidar dedicated this extensive work, written in Kashmir in two volumes, to the contemporary ruler of Kashgaria, viz., Abdurashid Khan, son of Sultan Said Khan. It was translated into English in 1895 by Ney Elias and Edward Denison Ross. Among other events, the Tarikh-i-Rashidi describes the founding of the Kazakh Khanate in 1465 and Muhammad Haidar Dughlat's personal encounter with one of the early Kazakh rulers, namely Kasym Khan.
Family
He belonged to the family of hereditary rulers of Kashgaria – dughlat Amirs. His father was Muhammad Hussain Mirza Kurkan (he was married to Khub Nigar Khanim, daughter of Yunus Khan), son of Muhammad Haidar Mirza Kurkan (he was married to Daulat Nigar Khanim, daughter of Esen Buqa Khan), son of Amir Sayyid Ali Kurkan (he was married to Uzun Sultan Khanim, sister of Vais Khan), son of Amir Sayyid Ahmad, son of Amir Khudaidad, who is said to have raised to khanship six of the Moghul Khans as well as making a pilgrimage to Makkah (Khizr Khoja (1389–1399), Shama-i-Jahan (1399–1408), Muhammad (1408–1416), Nakhsh-i- Jahan (1416–1418), Shir Muhammad (1418–1425), Vais (1418–1428)), son of Amir Pulaji, who raised to the khanship a young, 18- years old, Tughlugh Timur Khan ( first Moghul Khan ), in 1347, having brought him from Ili to Aksu and declared him to have been the grandson of Duwa Khan. Amir Pulaji was a descendant of Dughlat Tarkhan Babdaghan, who was granted the country Mangalai Suyah (Faced to Sun) or Kashgaria by Chagatai Khan, second son of Chengiz Khan, in 1219 or 1220.
His mother was Khub Nigar Khanim, third daughter of Yunus Khan by Isan Daulat Begum, and a younger sister of Kutluk Nigar Khanim, mother of Babur. Mirza Muhammad Haidar governed Kashmir from 1540 to 1551,[11] when he was killed in battle.
In 2007, Kazakhfilm Studio released the documentary Muhammad Haidar Dughlat («Мұхаммед Хайдар Дулати»), directed by Kalila Umarov.
Notes
^René Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia (1970 translation), p. 497.
^N. Ellas. textsThe Tarikh-i-rashidi; a history of the Moghuls of central Asia; an English version. p. 2.
^N. Ellas. The Tarikh-i-rashidi; a history of the Moghuls of central Asia; an English version. p. 82.
^Murad Butt. The Tarikh-i-rashidi. Karakoram Books.
^Бартольд В. В. (1968). Сочинения. Том V. Работы по истории и филологии тюркских и монгольских народов. Москва: Наука. pp. 169–170.
^Timothy May (2016). The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 49. ISBN9781610693400.
^Sanderson Beck (2006), "Mughal Empire 1526–1707", India & Southeast Asia to 1800, World Peace Communications, ISBN978-0-9762210-9-8
^Bell, Charles (1992). Tibet Past and Present. omer Banarsidass Publ. p. 33. ISBN81-208-1048-1.
^Shahzad Bashir, Messianic Hopes and Mystical Visions: The Nurbakhshiya Between Medieval And Modern Islam (2003), p. 236.
^Stan Goron and J.P. Goenka: The Coins of the Indian Sultanates, New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 2001, pp. 463–464.
^List of Rulers: South Asia | Thematic Essay | Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
References
Mansura Haidar (translator) (2002), Mirza Haidar Dughlat as Depicted in Persian Sources
External links
Karim, Abdul (2012). "Tarikh-i-Rashidi". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
Selections from the Tarikh-i-Rashidi
The Tarikh i Rashidi Download Full Book PDF by Murad Butt
The Tarikh-i-rashidi: A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia; an English Version (1895)
The Tarikh-i-rashidi
March 05, 2023
mirza, muhammad, haidar, dughlat, persian, میرزا, محمد, حیدر, دولت, بیگ, 1499, 1500, 1551, chagatai, turco, mongol, military, general, governor, kashmir, historical, writer, mughal, dughlat, prince, wrote, persian, haidar, babur, were, cousins, their, mother, . Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat Beg Persian میرزا محمد حیدر دولت بیگ c 1499 1500 1551 was a Chagatai Turco Mongol military general governor of Kashmir and a historical writer He was a Mughal Dughlat prince who wrote in Persian 1 Haidar and Babur were cousins on their mother s side through the line of Genghis Khan Unlike Babur Haidar considered himself more of an ethnic Mongol of Mughalistan 2 Mirza Muhammad Haider Dughlat میرزا محمد حیدر دولت بیگDughlat Prince Mirza BegGovernor of KashmirReignc 1540 1551Bornc 1499 1500 MoghulistanDiedc 1551 aged of 50 52 KashmirBurialSrinagar Present day India NamesMirza Muhammad Haider Dughlat Ibn Muhammad Hussain Mirza Kurkan Persian میرزا محمد حیدر دغلت بن محمد حسین میرزا کرکان HouseDughlatFatherMuhammad Hussain Mirza KurkanMotherKhub Nigar KhanimReligionSunni IslamOccupationMilitary GeneralMilitary careerAllegianceSultan Said Khan of Yarkent Khanate in 1530s Timurid Dynasty in 1540 Service wbr branchChagatai army regimentsRankMilitary GeneralBattles warsCampaign on Kashmir 1533 Invasion of Tibet after 1533 Battle of Kannauj 1540 Silver sasnu issued in 1533 in Kashmir by Haidar Dughlat in the name of Said Khan The obverse legend reads al sultan al a zam mir sa id ghan Silver sasnu issued during 1546 50 in Kashmir by Haidar Dughlat in the name of the Mughal emperor Humayun The obverse legend reads al sultan al a zam Muhammad humayun ghazi Contents 1 Background 2 Campaigns 3 Works 4 Family 5 Films 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksBackground EditMirza Haider Dughlat in the Tarikh i Rashidi constantly alludes to a distinct tribe or community of Moghuls in Mughalistan however reduced in numbers who had preserved Mongol customs and from the incindental references to Mongolian phrases and terms likely retained elements of the original Mongolian language despite the growth of Islam and the growing use of the Turki language the latter which Haider naturally spoke 3 According to the Tarikh i Rashidi Haider Dughlat considered his Moghul Ulus to be a separate people from the settled Turks of Transoxiania from the fifteenth century and the first half of the sixteenth century 4 According to Vasily Bartold there are some indications that the language of the Moghuls was Mongolian until the 16th century 5 For the sedentary Mongols in Transoxiana the nomadic Mongols to their east in Xinjiang and Kashgar represented a bastion of true Mongol culture hence the name Moghulistan 6 Campaigns EditHe first campaigned in Kashmir in 1533 on behalf of Sultan Said Khan of Kashgar 7 unreliable source However he did not stay long in Kashmir leaving after making a treaty with the local sultan and striking coins in the name of Said Khan He had also attacked Tibet through Ladakh but failed to conquer Lhasa 8 He returned in 1540 fighting for the Mughal Emperor Humayun 9 first son of Babur this time for a military takeover at the invitation of one of the two rival factions that continually vied for power in Kashmir This was shortly after Humayun s 1540 defeat at the Battle of Kanauj where Dughlat was also on the losing side citation needed Arriving in Kashmir Haidar installed as sultan the head of the Sayyid faction Nazuk In 1546 after Humayun recovered Kabul Haidar removed Nazuk Shah and struck coins in the name of the Mughal emperor 10 He died in 1550 after being killed in battle with the Kashmiris He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar Works EditHis historical work Tarikh i Rashidi تاریخ رشیدی History of Rashid is a personal memoir combined with a Central Asian history written in Persian Mirza Muhammad Haidar dedicated this extensive work written in Kashmir in two volumes to the contemporary ruler of Kashgaria viz Abdurashid Khan son of Sultan Said Khan It was translated into English in 1895 by Ney Elias and Edward Denison Ross Among other events the Tarikh i Rashidi describes the founding of the Kazakh Khanate in 1465 and Muhammad Haidar Dughlat s personal encounter with one of the early Kazakh rulers namely Kasym Khan Family EditHe belonged to the family of hereditary rulers of Kashgaria dughlat Amirs His father was Muhammad Hussain Mirza Kurkan he was married to Khub Nigar Khanim daughter of Yunus Khan son of Muhammad Haidar Mirza Kurkan he was married to Daulat Nigar Khanim daughter of Esen Buqa Khan son of Amir Sayyid Ali Kurkan he was married to Uzun Sultan Khanim sister of Vais Khan son of Amir Sayyid Ahmad son of Amir Khudaidad who is said to have raised to khanship six of the Moghul Khans as well as making a pilgrimage to Makkah Khizr Khoja 1389 1399 Shama i Jahan 1399 1408 Muhammad 1408 1416 Nakhsh i Jahan 1416 1418 Shir Muhammad 1418 1425 Vais 1418 1428 son of Amir Pulaji who raised to the khanship a young 18 years old Tughlugh Timur Khan first Moghul Khan in 1347 having brought him from Ili to Aksu and declared him to have been the grandson of Duwa Khan Amir Pulaji was a descendant of Dughlat Tarkhan Babdaghan who was granted the country Mangalai Suyah Faced to Sun or Kashgaria by Chagatai Khan second son of Chengiz Khan in 1219 or 1220 His mother was Khub Nigar Khanim third daughter of Yunus Khan by Isan Daulat Begum and a younger sister of Kutluk Nigar Khanim mother of Babur Mirza Muhammad Haidar governed Kashmir from 1540 to 1551 11 when he was killed in battle Muhammad Haidar Mirza I Dughlat was his grandfather Films EditIn 2007 Kazakhfilm Studio released the documentary Muhammad Haidar Dughlat Muhammed Hajdar Dulati directed by Kalila Umarov Notes Edit Rene Grousset The Empire of the Steppes A History of Central Asia 1970 translation p 497 N Ellas textsThe Tarikh i rashidi a history of the Moghuls of central Asia an English version p 2 N Ellas The Tarikh i rashidi a history of the Moghuls of central Asia an English version p 82 Murad Butt The Tarikh i rashidi Karakoram Books Bartold V V 1968 Sochineniya Tom V Raboty po istorii i filologii tyurkskih i mongolskih narodov Moskva Nauka pp 169 170 Timothy May 2016 The Mongol Empire A Historical Encyclopedia ABC CLIO p 49 ISBN 9781610693400 Sanderson Beck 2006 Mughal Empire 1526 1707 India amp Southeast Asia to 1800 World Peace Communications ISBN 978 0 9762210 9 8 Bell Charles 1992 Tibet Past and Present omer Banarsidass Publ p 33 ISBN 81 208 1048 1 Shahzad Bashir Messianic Hopes and Mystical Visions The Nurbakhshiya Between Medieval And Modern Islam 2003 p 236 Stan Goron and J P Goenka The Coins of the Indian Sultanates New Delhi Munshiram Manoharlal 2001 pp 463 464 List of Rulers South Asia Thematic Essay Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of ArtReferences EditMansura Haidar translator 2002 Mirza Haidar Dughlat as Depicted in Persian SourcesExternal links EditKarim Abdul 2012 Tarikh i Rashidi In Islam Sirajul Jamal Ahmed A eds Banglapedia National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second ed Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Selections from the Tarikh i Rashidi The Tarikh i Rashidi Download Full Book PDF by Murad Butt TARIKH I RASHIDI The Tarikh i rashidi A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia an English Version 1895 The Tarikh i rashidi Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat amp oldid 1139845109, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
