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THX 1138

August 24, 2023

For other uses, see THX (disambiguation).

THX 1138 is a 1971 American social science fiction film co-written and directed by George Lucas in his directorial debut. Produced by Francis Ford Coppola and co-written by Walter Murch, the film stars Robert Duvall and Donald Pleasence, with Don Pedro Colley, Maggie McOmie, and Ian Wolfe in supporting roles. The film is set in a dystopian future in which the populace is controlled through android police and mandatory use of drugs that suppress emotions.

THX 1138
Theatrical release poster
Directed byGeorge Lucas
Screenplay by
Story byGeorge Lucas
Based onElectronic Labyrinth: THX 1138 4EB
by George Lucas
Produced byLawrence Sturhahn
Starring
Cinematography
  • David Myers
  • Albert Kihn
Edited byGeorge Lucas
Music byLalo Schifrin
Production
companies
Distributed byWarner Bros.
Release date
  • March 11, 1971 (1971-03-11)
Running time
88 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$777,777[1][2]
Box office$2.4 million

THX 1138 was developed from Lucas's 1967 student film Electronic Labyrinth: THX 1138 4EB, which he made while attending the USC School of Cinematic Arts. The feature film was produced in a joint venture between Warner Bros. and American Zoetrope. A novelization by Ben Bova was published in 1971.

The film received mixed reviews from critics and underperformed at the box office upon its initial release,[3] but has subsequently received critical acclaim and gained a cult following—particularly in the aftermath of Lucas's success with Star Wars (1977). A director's cut prepared by Lucas was released in 2004.

Plot

 
The film's title-card

In the dystopian future, sexual intercourse and reproduction are prohibited, and use of mind-altering drugs is mandatory to enforce compliance among the citizens and to ensure their ability to conduct dangerous and demanding tasks. Emotions and the concept of family are taboo. Workers are clad in identical white uniforms and have shaven heads to emphasize uniformity, likewise with police androids who wear black and monks who are robed. Instead of names, people have designations with three arbitrary letters (referred to as the "prefix") and four digits, shown on an identity badge worn at all times.

At their jobs in central video control centers, SEN 5241 and LUH 3417 keep surveillance on the city. LUH has a male roommate, THX 1138, who works in a factory producing android police officers. At the beginning of the story, THX finishes his shift while the loudspeakers urge the workers to "increase safety"—and congratulate them for only losing 195 workers in the last period—to the competing factory's 242.

On the way home, he stops at a confession booth in a row of many, and relates his concerns and mumbles prayers about "party" and "masses", under the Jesus Christ-esque portrait of "OMM 0000". A soothing voice greets THX, and OMM ends the confession with a parting salutation: "You are a true believer, blessings of the State, blessings of the masses. Work hard, increase production, prevent accidents and be happy."

At home, THX takes his drugs and watches holobroadcasts while engaging with a masturbatory device. LUH secretly substitutes pills in her possession for THX's medications, causing him to develop nausea, anxiety, and sexual desires. LUH and THX become involved romantically and have sex. THX later is confronted by SEN, who attempts to arrange that THX become his new roommate, but THX files a complaint against SEN for the illegal shift pattern change.

Without drugs in his system, THX falters during a critical and hazardous phase of his job, and a control center engages a "mind lock" on THX which raises the level of danger. After the release of the mind lock, THX makes the necessary correction to that work phase. THX and LUH are arrested and THX undergoes drug therapy and medical analysis. He enjoys a brief reunion with LUH, but it is disrupted shortly after she reveals her pregnancy.

At THX's trial, it is stated that THX was clinically born. It is decided that it would be inefficient to terminate THX, so THX is sentenced to prison, alongside SEN. The prison appears to be an all white space with no walls. One of the prisoners is a "shell dweller", later called a "Wookiee". The other prisoners seem uninterested in escape. THX and SEN walk to search for an exit. They walk and walk, with only a white space to be seen all around them. Eventually they are joined by hologram actor SRT 5752, who starred in the holobroadcasts. SRT 5752 shows them the exit and suggests to them that they may have been going in circles. During the escape, THX and SRT are separated from SEN. Chased by the police androids, THX and SRT are trapped in a control center, from which THX learns that LUH has been "consumed", and her name has been reassigned to her fetus, numbered 66691, in a growth chamber. SEN eventually escapes to an area reserved for the monks of OMM, where a monk notices that SEN has no identification badge. SEN attacks him and later wanders into a child-rearing area, strikes up a conversation with children, and sits aimlessly until police androids apprehend him. THX and SRT steal two cars. SRT struggles to figure out how to drive the car. When SRT finally gets the car to move, SRT immediately crashes his car into a concrete pillar. After the crash, SRT is not found in the vehicle.

Pursued by two police androids on motorcycles, THX flees to the limits of the city. Android officers continue to pursue him as he briefly struggles with simian-like creatures identified as shell dwellers and arrives at a vertical shaft with an escape ladder. The android officers are ordered by Central Command to cease pursuit, on the grounds that the expense of his capture exceeds their allocated budget for THX. The officers inform THX that the area outside the "city shell" is uninhabitable in a last-ditch attempt to convince him to surrender, but he is undeterred and continues up the ladder. The city is then revealed to be entirely underground, and THX has escaped onto the surface, where he witnesses the Sun setting.

Cast

 
Hans Memling's Christ Giving His Blessing (1478) is used as the visual representation of the state-sanctioned deity OMM 0000.

Additionally, amongst several 'announcer voices' were Scott Beach, Terence McGovern, and David Ogden Stiers (billed as David Ogden Steers). They had ties to the San Francisco Bay area, as did Lucas.

Production

THX 1138 was the first film made in a planned seven-picture slate commissioned by Warner Bros. from the 1969 incarnation of American Zoetrope.[4][5] Lucas wrote the initial script draft based on his earlier short film, but Coppola and Lucas agreed it was unsatisfactory. Murch assisted Lucas in writing an improved final draft.[1][2] For some of SEN's dialogue in the film, the script included excerpts from speeches by Richard Nixon.[6]

The script required almost the entire cast to shave their heads, either completely bald or with a buzz cut. As a publicity stunt, several actors were filmed having their first haircuts/shaves at unusual venues, with the results used in a promotional featurette titled Bald: The Making of THX 1138. Many of the shaven-headed extras seen in the film were recruited from the nearby Synanon, an addiction recovery program which became a violent cult.[7]

Filming began on September 22, 1969.[8] The schedule was between 35 and 40 days, completing in November 1969. Lucas filmed THX 1138 in Techniscope.[1][9]

Most locations for filming were in the San Francisco area,[10] including the unfinished tunnels of the Bay Area Rapid Transit subway system,[1][10][11] the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,[1] the Marin County Civic Center in San Rafael designed by Frank Lloyd Wright,[11] the Lawrence Hall of Science in Berkeley,[11] the San Francisco International Airport,[11] and at a remote manipulator for a hot cell. Several scenes show a large IBM System/360 multi-computer installation.[12] Studio sequences were shot at stages in Los Angeles, including a white stage 100 by 150 feet (30 by 46 m) for the "white limbo" sequences.[1] Lucas used entirely natural light.[11]

 
Modified Lola T70s were used in the film.

The chase scene featured two Lola T70 Mk III race cars[13] being chased by Yamaha TA125/250cc two-stroke, race-replica motorcycles through two San Francisco Bay Area automotive tunnels: the Caldecott Tunnel between Oakland and Orinda; and the underwater Posey Tube between Oakland and Alameda.[1] According to Caleb Deschanel, cars drove at speeds of 140 miles per hour (230 km/h) while filming the chase.[1] Other cars appearing in several scenes of the movie include the custom-built Ferrari Thomassima cars; one of them is on display in the Ferrari museum in Modena, Italy.[14]

The chase featured a motorcycle stunt. Stuntman Ronald "Duffy" Hambleton (credited as Duffy Hamilton) rode his police motorcycle full speed into a fallen scaffold, with a ramp built to Hambleton's specification. He flew over the handlebars, was hit by the airborne motorcycle, landed in the street on his back, and slammed into the crashed car in which Duvall's character had escaped.[1] According to Lucas, it turned out Hambleton was perfectly fine, apart from being angry with the people who had run into the shot to check on him. He was worried that they might have ruined the amazing stunt he had just performed by walking into frame.[citation needed]

 
The then-uncompleted Transbay Tube served as the tunnel through which THX escapes.

THX's final climb out to the daylight was filmed (with the camera rotated 90°) in the incomplete (and decidedly horizontal) Bay Area Rapid Transit Transbay Tube before installation of the track supports, with the actors using exposed reinforcing bars on the floor of the tunnel as a "ladder".[1] The end scene, of THX standing before the sunset, was shot at Port Hueneme, California, by a second unit of (additional uncredited photographer) Caleb Deschanel and Matthew Robbins, who played THX in this long shot.[1]

After completion of photography, Coppola scheduled a year for Lucas to complete postproduction.[15] Lucas edited the film on a German-made K-E-M flatbed editor in his Mill Valley house by day, with Walter Murch editing sound at night; the two compared notes when they changed over.[1][15] Murch compiled and synchronized the sound montage, which includes all the "overhead" voices heard throughout the film, radio chatter, announcements, etc. The bulk of the editing was finished by mid-1970.[citation needed]

On completion of editing of the film, producer Coppola took it to Warner Bros., the financiers. Studio executives there disliked the film, and insisted that Coppola turn over the negative to an in-house Warner editor, who cut about four minutes of the film prior to release.[16]

Soundtrack

THX 1138
Soundtrack album by
Lalo Schifrin
Released1970 (1970)
RecordedOctober 15–16, 1970
StudioThe Burbank Studios, Burbank, California, U.S.
GenreExperimental
Length55:36

The soundtrack to the THX 1138, conducted by Lalo Schifrin, was released in 1970. Recording took place on October 15 and 16, 1970, at The Burbank Studios in Burbank, California, U.S.[17]

Track listing

  1. Logo – 00:08
  2. Main Title / What's Wrong? – 03:14
  3. Room Tone / Primitive Dance – 01:46
  4. Be Happy / LUH / Society Montage – 05:06
  5. Be Happy Again (Jingle of the Future) – 00:56
  6. Source #1 – 05:18
  7. Loneliness Sequence – 01:28
  8. SEN / Monks / LUH Reprise – 02:44
  9. You Have Nowhere to Go – 01:12
  10. Torture Sequence / Prison Talk Sequence – 03:42
  11. Love Dream / The Awakening – 01:47
  12. First Escape – 03:01
  13. Source #3 – 03:34
  14. Second Escape – 01:16
  15. Source #4 / Third Escape / Morgue Sequence / The Temple / Disruption / LUH's Death – 08:31
  16. Source #2 – 03:17
  17. The Hologram – 00:56
  18. First Chase / Foot Chase / St. Matthew's Passion (Bach) (End Credits) – 07:40

Reception

 
Critic Roger Ebert praised the film's visuals.

THX 1138 was released to theaters on March 11, 1971, and was a commercial flop, earning back $945,000 in rentals for Warner Bros. but still leaving the studio in the red.[16] A contemporary survey found seven favorable, three mixed, and five negative reviews.[18]

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three stars out of four and wrote, "THX 1138 suffers somewhat from its simple storyline, but as a work of visual imagination it's special, and as haunting as parts of 2001: A Space Odyssey, Silent Running and The Andromeda Strain."[19] Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune awarded two stars out of four and stated, "The principal problem with this film is that it lacks imagination, the essential component of a science fiction film. Some persons might claim that the world of THX 1138 is here right now. A more reasonable opinion would hold that we are facing the problems of that world right now. Time has passed the film by."[20]

Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote, "It is not, however, as either chase drama, or social drama, that THX 1138 is most interesting. Rather it's as a stunning montage of light, color and sound effects that create their own emotional impact ... Lucas's achievement in his first feature is all the more extraordinary when you realize that he is 25 years old, and that he shot most of the film in San Francisco, on a budget that probably would not cover the cost of half of one of the space ships in Stanley Kubrick's 2001."[21]

Arthur D. Murphy of Variety observed, "Likely not to be an artistic or commercial success in its own time, the American Zoetrope (Francis Ford Coppola group) production just might in time become a classic of stylistic, abstract cinema."[22] Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times praised the film as "a stunning deployment of the aural and visual resources of the screen to suggest a fearful new world of tyranny by technology," adding that "Lucas is obviously a master of cinematic effects with a special remarkable gift for discovering the look of the future in mundane places like parking structures and office corridors." Champlin stressed that the "real excitement of THX 1138 is not really the message but the medium—the use of film not to tell a story so much as to convey an experience, a credible impression of a fantastic and scary dictatorship of tomorrow."[23]

Kenneth Turan wrote in The Washington Post, "Fortunately, the film comes over not at all trite but rather as enormously affecting. Lucas obviously believed strongly in this futuristic vision, and the film draws its vitality and unity from his belief, and from the fact that it was not bottled up to meet arbitrary conditions but allowed the free rein necessary to reach completeness."[24] Penelope Houston of The Monthly Film Bulletin commented, "Details of the future society—control panels, monitor screens, soothing TV commercial voices, unshakeably calm robot policemen, the human animal turned automaton in appearance and function, but breaking out into a doomed love affair—are all tolerably persuasive, but in sum total rather a pile-up of predictability. On the Orwellian level of ideas, Lucas' passive new world is too indeterminate to carry enough conviction and, consequently, enough of a menacing charge."[25]

The film has continued to earn critical acclaim and holds an approval rating of 86% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 63 reviews, with an average score of 6.85/10. The consensus reads: "George Lucas' feature debut presents a spare, bleak, dystopian future, and features evocatively minimal set design and creepy sound effects."[26] On Metacritic it has a weighted average score of 75 out of 100 based on 8 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[27]

Awards

The film received a nomination at the 1971 Cannes Film Festival from the International Federation of Film Critics in the Directors' Fortnight section.[28]

Versions

1967 student film

Main article: Electronic Labyrinth: THX 1138 4EB

The first version was a student film for USC School of Cinematic Arts titled Electronic Labyrinth: THX 1138 4EB. The run time was 15 minutes. It was released as a bonus feature on the 2004 Director's Cut.

1971 studio version

The 1971 studio version, distributed to theaters, had five minutes taken out (against Lucas' wishes) by Warner Bros.. This version (81 minutes long) has never been released on any home media format.

1977 restored version

In 1977, after the success of Star Wars, THX 1138 was re-released with the footage that had been deleted by Warner Bros. back in but it still did not gain popularity.[29] This version was subsequently released on VHS (88 minutes) and LaserDisc (86 minutes).

2004 director's cut

 
The George Lucas Director's Cut includes completely new footage, such as this shot of the factory where THX works.

In 2004, The George Lucas Director's Cut of the film was released. Under Lucas' supervision, the film underwent an extensive restoration and digital intermediate process by Lowry Digital and Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), where the film's original negative was scanned, digital color correction was applied, and a brand new digital master was created.[30] Computer-generated imagery and audio/video restoration techniques were also applied to the film.[31][32]

At Lucas' request, the previsualization team at Skywalker Ranch worked in concert with ILM throughout the summer of 2003. The team also planned and executed a single day shoot, which would form the basis for new digital visual effects, mostly to expand scenes by extending crowds, filling out settings, and adding detail to the backgrounds of many scenes.[33]

These changes increased the run time of the film to 88 minutes. This director's cut was released to a limited number of digital-projection theaters on September 10, 2004, and then on DVD on September 14, 2004. The film was released on Blu-ray on September 7, 2010.[34] At that time, the film received an "R" rating (for "sexuality/nudity") from the MPAA, due to the changes to the ratings system since the original release (the original film was rated "GP", later changed to "PG"). It is the only film directed by Lucas to carry an "R" rating.[35][36]

Novelization

A novelization based on the film was written by Ben Bova and published in 1971.[37] It follows the plot of the movie closely, with four notable additions:

  • An additional character, Control, is the accountant-like ultimate administrator of the city. Several passages depict the events from his point of view.
  • After having sex with LUH 3417, THX 1138 consults a psychologist and admits everything. This psychologist transfers the confession to Control, leading to the overriding mindlock and arrest in the factory.
  • LUH 3417's trial and death are depicted first-hand from her point of view, and from that of Control.
  • Instead of climbing outside to witness a sunset, THX 1138 climbs up and spends the night in the superstructure, and exits in the morning to find other humans living outside.

Etymology and references

The significance of the name THX 1138 has been the subject of much speculation. In an interview for the DVD compilation Reel Talent, which included Lucas's original 4EB short, Lucas stated that he chose the letters and numbers for their aesthetic qualities, especially their symmetry.[38] According to the book Cinema by the Bay, published by LucasBooks, Lucas named the film after his telephone number while in college: 849-1138—the letters THX correspond to the numbers 8, 4, and 9 on the keypad.[39] However, Walter Murch states in the DVD's audio commentary that he always believed Lucas intended THX to be "sex", LUH to be "love", and SEN to be "sin".[6] John Lithgow, in "The Film School Generation" segment of the DVD series American Cinema, described the title THX 1138 as "reading like a license plate number."[40]

Numerous references to "1138" or "THX 1138" appear throughout the Star Wars films,[41] as well as other films by George Lucas. For example, THX 138 is the license plate number of John Milner's hot rod in American Graffiti. Lucas also founded THX Ltd., developer of the "THX" audio/visual reproduction standards.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Artifact from the Future: The Making of THX 1138 (DVD bonus disk accompanying THX 1138: The George Lucas Director's Cut). USA: Warner Bros. 2004.
  2. ^ a b Pollock 1983, p. 89.
  3. ^ Gilbey, Ryan. It Don't Worry Me. Faber & Faber.
  4. ^ Pollock 1983, p. 88.
  5. ^ Louise Sweeney, "The Movie Business is alive and well and living in San Francisco", Show, April 1970.
  6. ^ a b Lucas 2004.
  7. ^ Pollock 1983, p. 92.
  8. ^ Lawrence Sturhahn, "Genesis of THX-1138: Notes on a Production", Kansas Quarterly, Spring 1972.
  9. ^ Pollock 1983, pp. 90, 280.
  10. ^ a b Pollock 1983, p. 91.
  11. ^ a b c d e Katie Dowd, "Before BART opened the Transbay Tube, they let George Lucas film a movie inside" March 10, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, San Francisco Chronicle, March 10, 2019.
  12. ^ E.g. Director's Cut at 1:11:52. 1:21:55, 1:25:35
  13. ^ Breeze, Joe (January 5, 2015). "The police drove Lola T70s in George Lucas's directorial debut". Classic Driver. from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  14. ^ "Thomassima III is on display in the new Ferrari Museum in Modena"."Meade of Modena: An American Dreamer In the Land of Artful Science". Thomassima.com. from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
  15. ^ a b Pollock 1983, p. 96.
  16. ^ a b Pollock 1983, p. 97.
  17. ^ "AllMusic". AllMusic. from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
  18. ^ "THX 1138", FilmFacts, Vol XIV, No.7, 1971.
  19. ^ Ebert, Roger. "THX 1138". RogerEbert.com. from the original on May 11, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
  20. ^ Siskel, Gene (May 18, 1971). "THX 1138". Chicago Tribune. Section 2, p. 4.
  21. ^ Canby, Vincent (March 21, 1971). "Wanda's a Wow, So's THX". May 14, 2019, at the Wayback Machine The New York Times. Section 2, p. 11.
  22. ^ Murphy, Arthur D. (March 17, 1971). "Film Reviews: THX 1138". Variety. 18.
  23. ^ Champlin, Charles (March 11, 1971). "New World of Tyranny in 'THX'". Los Angeles Times. Part IV, p. 1.
  24. ^ Arnold, Gary (April 17, 1971). "THX 1138". The Washington Post. C6.
  25. ^ Houston, Penelope (July 1971). "THX 1138". The Monthly Film Bulletin. 38 (450): 148.
  26. ^ "THX 1138". Rotten Tomatoes. from the original on May 4, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
  27. ^ "THX 1138 Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. from the original on December 25, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  28. ^ Higgins, Bill (May 9, 2018). "Hollywood Flashback: From 'THX 1138' to 'Sith,' George Lucas Is No Cannes Stranger". The Hollywood Reporter. from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
  29. ^ Pollock 1983, p. 98.
  30. ^ "THX 1138 by Lucasfilm". lucasfilm.com. from the original on December 10, 2016. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
  31. ^ Paul Hill; Henry Preston (October 11, 2004). "Back to the Future with 'THX 1138'". AWN.com (Interview). Interviewed by Bill Desowitz. from the original on January 15, 2017. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
  32. ^ . Maverick Media. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
  33. ^ "THX 1138 (Comparison: Original Version - Director's Cut)". May 28, 2010. from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  34. ^ Calonge, Juan (May 10, 2010). "Warner Announces Sci-Fi Blu-ray Wave". Blu-ray.com. from the original on May 13, 2010. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
  35. ^ "George Lucas". www.tcm.com. Retrieved August 6, 2023.
  36. ^ Ravalli, Richard (2016). "George Lucas Out of Love: Divorce, Darkness, and Reception in the Origin of PG‐13". The Historian. 78 (4): 690–709. doi:10.1111/hisn.12337. S2CID 151821638.
  37. ^ Bova, Ben; Lucas, George (February 1, 1978). THX 1138. Warner Books. ISBN 0446897116.
  38. ^ Reel Talent: First Films by Legendary Directors, DVD, 20th Century Fox, 2007
  39. ^ Sheerly Avni (2006). Cinema by the Bay (Hardcover ed.). New York, NY: George Lucas Books. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-932183-88-7.
  40. ^ Lithgow, John (host) (1995). American Cinema: The Film School Generation (Television Production).
  41. ^ "Beyond a Cell Block: References to THX 1138 in Star Wars". StarWars.com. September 15, 2015. from the original on January 21, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.

Further reading

  • Greene, Jr., James (2013). This Music Leaves Stains: The Complete Story of the Misfits. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-1589798922.
  • Pollock, Dale (1983). Skywalking: The Life and Films of George Lucas. London: Elm Tree Books. ISBN 0-241-11034-3.
  • Lucas, George (Director) (2004). THX 1138 (The George Lucas Director's Cut Two-Disc Special Edition) (DVD). USA: Warner Bros. ISBN 0-7907-6526-8. OCLC 56520465.

External links

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to THX 1138.
  • Official website at lucasfilm.com
  • Official website at warnerbros.com
  • THX 1138 at IMDb
  • Interview with Don Pedro Colley about his experiences working on THX 1138 at LucasFan.com
  • White on White May 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Village Voice review April 8, 1971
  • THX 1138 at Rotten Tomatoes
  • THX 1138 at Metacritic  

August 24, 2023
1138, other, uses, disambiguation, 1971, american, social, science, fiction, film, written, directed, george, lucas, directorial, debut, produced, francis, ford, coppola, written, walter, murch, film, stars, robert, duvall, donald, pleasence, with, pedro, coll. For other uses see THX disambiguation THX 1138 is a 1971 American social science fiction film co written and directed by George Lucas in his directorial debut Produced by Francis Ford Coppola and co written by Walter Murch the film stars Robert Duvall and Donald Pleasence with Don Pedro Colley Maggie McOmie and Ian Wolfe in supporting roles The film is set in a dystopian future in which the populace is controlled through android police and mandatory use of drugs that suppress emotions THX 1138Theatrical release posterDirected byGeorge LucasScreenplay byGeorge LucasWalter MurchStory byGeorge LucasBased onElectronic Labyrinth THX 1138 4EBby George LucasProduced byLawrence SturhahnStarringRobert Duvall Donald Pleasence Don Pedro Colley Maggie McOmie Ian WolfeCinematographyDavid MyersAlbert KihnEdited byGeorge LucasMusic byLalo SchifrinProductioncompaniesAmerican ZoetropeLucasfilmDistributed byWarner Bros Release dateMarch 11 1971 1971 03 11 Running time88 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishBudget 777 777 1 2 Box office 2 4 millionTHX 1138 was developed from Lucas s 1967 student film Electronic Labyrinth THX 1138 4EB which he made while attending the USC School of Cinematic Arts The feature film was produced in a joint venture between Warner Bros and American Zoetrope A novelization by Ben Bova was published in 1971 The film received mixed reviews from critics and underperformed at the box office upon its initial release 3 but has subsequently received critical acclaim and gained a cult following particularly in the aftermath of Lucas s success with Star Wars 1977 A director s cut prepared by Lucas was released in 2004 Contents 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 4 Soundtrack 4 1 Track listing 5 Reception 5 1 Awards 6 Versions 6 1 1967 student film 6 2 1971 studio version 6 3 1977 restored version 6 4 2004 director s cut 6 5 Novelization 7 Etymology and references 8 See also 9 References 9 1 Further reading 10 External linksPlot Edit The film s title cardIn the dystopian future sexual intercourse and reproduction are prohibited and use of mind altering drugs is mandatory to enforce compliance among the citizens and to ensure their ability to conduct dangerous and demanding tasks Emotions and the concept of family are taboo Workers are clad in identical white uniforms and have shaven heads to emphasize uniformity likewise with police androids who wear black and monks who are robed Instead of names people have designations with three arbitrary letters referred to as the prefix and four digits shown on an identity badge worn at all times At their jobs in central video control centers SEN 5241 and LUH 3417 keep surveillance on the city LUH has a male roommate THX 1138 who works in a factory producing android police officers At the beginning of the story THX finishes his shift while the loudspeakers urge the workers to increase safety and congratulate them for only losing 195 workers in the last period to the competing factory s 242 On the way home he stops at a confession booth in a row of many and relates his concerns and mumbles prayers about party and masses under the Jesus Christ esque portrait of OMM 0000 A soothing voice greets THX and OMM ends the confession with a parting salutation You are a true believer blessings of the State blessings of the masses Work hard increase production prevent accidents and be happy At home THX takes his drugs and watches holobroadcasts while engaging with a masturbatory device LUH secretly substitutes pills in her possession for THX s medications causing him to develop nausea anxiety and sexual desires LUH and THX become involved romantically and have sex THX later is confronted by SEN who attempts to arrange that THX become his new roommate but THX files a complaint against SEN for the illegal shift pattern change Without drugs in his system THX falters during a critical and hazardous phase of his job and a control center engages a mind lock on THX which raises the level of danger After the release of the mind lock THX makes the necessary correction to that work phase THX and LUH are arrested and THX undergoes drug therapy and medical analysis He enjoys a brief reunion with LUH but it is disrupted shortly after she reveals her pregnancy At THX s trial it is stated that THX was clinically born It is decided that it would be inefficient to terminate THX so THX is sentenced to prison alongside SEN The prison appears to be an all white space with no walls One of the prisoners is a shell dweller later called a Wookiee The other prisoners seem uninterested in escape THX and SEN walk to search for an exit They walk and walk with only a white space to be seen all around them Eventually they are joined by hologram actor SRT 5752 who starred in the holobroadcasts SRT 5752 shows them the exit and suggests to them that they may have been going in circles During the escape THX and SRT are separated from SEN Chased by the police androids THX and SRT are trapped in a control center from which THX learns that LUH has been consumed and her name has been reassigned to her fetus numbered 66691 in a growth chamber SEN eventually escapes to an area reserved for the monks of OMM where a monk notices that SEN has no identification badge SEN attacks him and later wanders into a child rearing area strikes up a conversation with children and sits aimlessly until police androids apprehend him THX and SRT steal two cars SRT struggles to figure out how to drive the car When SRT finally gets the car to move SRT immediately crashes his car into a concrete pillar After the crash SRT is not found in the vehicle Pursued by two police androids on motorcycles THX flees to the limits of the city Android officers continue to pursue him as he briefly struggles with simian like creatures identified as shell dwellers and arrives at a vertical shaft with an escape ladder The android officers are ordered by Central Command to cease pursuit on the grounds that the expense of his capture exceeds their allocated budget for THX The officers inform THX that the area outside the city shell is uninhabitable in a last ditch attempt to convince him to surrender but he is undeterred and continues up the ladder The city is then revealed to be entirely underground and THX has escaped onto the surface where he witnesses the Sun setting Cast Edit Hans Memling s Christ Giving His Blessing 1478 is used as the visual representation of the state sanctioned deity OMM 0000 Robert Duvall as THX 1138 Donald Pleasence as SEN 5241 Maggie McOmie as LUH 3417 Don Pedro Colley as the hologram actor SRT 5752 Ian Wolfe as the old prisoner PTO Marshall Efron as prisoner TWA Sid Haig as prisoner NCH John Pearce as prisoner DWY James Wheaton as the voice of OMM 0000Additionally amongst several announcer voices were Scott Beach Terence McGovern and David Ogden Stiers billed as David Ogden Steers They had ties to the San Francisco Bay area as did Lucas Production EditTHX 1138 was the first film made in a planned seven picture slate commissioned by Warner Bros from the 1969 incarnation of American Zoetrope 4 5 Lucas wrote the initial script draft based on his earlier short film but Coppola and Lucas agreed it was unsatisfactory Murch assisted Lucas in writing an improved final draft 1 2 For some of SEN s dialogue in the film the script included excerpts from speeches by Richard Nixon 6 The script required almost the entire cast to shave their heads either completely bald or with a buzz cut As a publicity stunt several actors were filmed having their first haircuts shaves at unusual venues with the results used in a promotional featurette titled Bald The Making of THX 1138 Many of the shaven headed extras seen in the film were recruited from the nearby Synanon an addiction recovery program which became a violent cult 7 Filming began on September 22 1969 8 The schedule was between 35 and 40 days completing in November 1969 Lucas filmed THX 1138 in Techniscope 1 9 Most locations for filming were in the San Francisco area 10 including the unfinished tunnels of the Bay Area Rapid Transit subway system 1 10 11 the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 1 the Marin County Civic Center in San Rafael designed by Frank Lloyd Wright 11 the Lawrence Hall of Science in Berkeley 11 the San Francisco International Airport 11 and at a remote manipulator for a hot cell Several scenes show a large IBM System 360 multi computer installation 12 Studio sequences were shot at stages in Los Angeles including a white stage 100 by 150 feet 30 by 46 m for the white limbo sequences 1 Lucas used entirely natural light 11 Modified Lola T70s were used in the film The chase scene featured two Lola T70 Mk III race cars 13 being chased by Yamaha TA125 250cc two stroke race replica motorcycles through two San Francisco Bay Area automotive tunnels the Caldecott Tunnel between Oakland and Orinda and the underwater Posey Tube between Oakland and Alameda 1 According to Caleb Deschanel cars drove at speeds of 140 miles per hour 230 km h while filming the chase 1 Other cars appearing in several scenes of the movie include the custom built Ferrari Thomassima cars one of them is on display in the Ferrari museum in Modena Italy 14 The chase featured a motorcycle stunt Stuntman Ronald Duffy Hambleton credited as Duffy Hamilton rode his police motorcycle full speed into a fallen scaffold with a ramp built to Hambleton s specification He flew over the handlebars was hit by the airborne motorcycle landed in the street on his back and slammed into the crashed car in which Duvall s character had escaped 1 According to Lucas it turned out Hambleton was perfectly fine apart from being angry with the people who had run into the shot to check on him He was worried that they might have ruined the amazing stunt he had just performed by walking into frame citation needed The then uncompleted Transbay Tube served as the tunnel through which THX escapes THX s final climb out to the daylight was filmed with the camera rotated 90 in the incomplete and decidedly horizontal Bay Area Rapid Transit Transbay Tube before installation of the track supports with the actors using exposed reinforcing bars on the floor of the tunnel as a ladder 1 The end scene of THX standing before the sunset was shot at Port Hueneme California by a second unit of additional uncredited photographer Caleb Deschanel and Matthew Robbins who played THX in this long shot 1 After completion of photography Coppola scheduled a year for Lucas to complete postproduction 15 Lucas edited the film on a German made K E M flatbed editor in his Mill Valley house by day with Walter Murch editing sound at night the two compared notes when they changed over 1 15 Murch compiled and synchronized the sound montage which includes all the overhead voices heard throughout the film radio chatter announcements etc The bulk of the editing was finished by mid 1970 citation needed On completion of editing of the film producer Coppola took it to Warner Bros the financiers Studio executives there disliked the film and insisted that Coppola turn over the negative to an in house Warner editor who cut about four minutes of the film prior to release 16 Soundtrack EditTHX 1138Soundtrack album by Lalo SchifrinReleased1970 1970 RecordedOctober 15 16 1970StudioThe Burbank Studios Burbank California U S GenreExperimentalLength55 36The soundtrack to the THX 1138 conducted by Lalo Schifrin was released in 1970 Recording took place on October 15 and 16 1970 at The Burbank Studios in Burbank California U S 17 Track listing Edit Logo 00 08 Main Title What s Wrong 03 14 Room Tone Primitive Dance 01 46 Be Happy LUH Society Montage 05 06 Be Happy Again Jingle of the Future 00 56 Source 1 05 18 Loneliness Sequence 01 28 SEN Monks LUH Reprise 02 44 You Have Nowhere to Go 01 12 Torture Sequence Prison Talk Sequence 03 42 Love Dream The Awakening 01 47 First Escape 03 01 Source 3 03 34 Second Escape 01 16 Source 4 Third Escape Morgue Sequence The Temple Disruption LUH s Death 08 31 Source 2 03 17 The Hologram 00 56 First Chase Foot Chase St Matthew s Passion Bach End Credits 07 40Reception Edit Critic Roger Ebert praised the film s visuals THX 1138 was released to theaters on March 11 1971 and was a commercial flop earning back 945 000 in rentals for Warner Bros but still leaving the studio in the red 16 A contemporary survey found seven favorable three mixed and five negative reviews 18 Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun Times gave the film three stars out of four and wrote THX 1138 suffers somewhat from its simple storyline but as a work of visual imagination it s special and as haunting as parts of 2001 A Space Odyssey Silent Running and The Andromeda Strain 19 Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune awarded two stars out of four and stated The principal problem with this film is that it lacks imagination the essential component of a science fiction film Some persons might claim that the world of THX 1138 is here right now A more reasonable opinion would hold that we are facing the problems of that world right now Time has passed the film by 20 Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote It is not however as either chase drama or social drama that THX 1138 is most interesting Rather it s as a stunning montage of light color and sound effects that create their own emotional impact Lucas s achievement in his first feature is all the more extraordinary when you realize that he is 25 years old and that he shot most of the film in San Francisco on a budget that probably would not cover the cost of half of one of the space ships in Stanley Kubrick s 2001 21 Arthur D Murphy of Variety observed Likely not to be an artistic or commercial success in its own time the American Zoetrope Francis Ford Coppola group production just might in time become a classic of stylistic abstract cinema 22 Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times praised the film as a stunning deployment of the aural and visual resources of the screen to suggest a fearful new world of tyranny by technology adding that Lucas is obviously a master of cinematic effects with a special remarkable gift for discovering the look of the future in mundane places like parking structures and office corridors Champlin stressed that the real excitement of THX 1138 is not really the message but the medium the use of film not to tell a story so much as to convey an experience a credible impression of a fantastic and scary dictatorship of tomorrow 23 Kenneth Turan wrote in The Washington Post Fortunately the film comes over not at all trite but rather as enormously affecting Lucas obviously believed strongly in this futuristic vision and the film draws its vitality and unity from his belief and from the fact that it was not bottled up to meet arbitrary conditions but allowed the free rein necessary to reach completeness 24 Penelope Houston of The Monthly Film Bulletin commented Details of the future society control panels monitor screens soothing TV commercial voices unshakeably calm robot policemen the human animal turned automaton in appearance and function but breaking out into a doomed love affair are all tolerably persuasive but in sum total rather a pile up of predictability On the Orwellian level of ideas Lucas passive new world is too indeterminate to carry enough conviction and consequently enough of a menacing charge 25 The film has continued to earn critical acclaim and holds an approval rating of 86 on Rotten Tomatoes based on 63 reviews with an average score of 6 85 10 The consensus reads George Lucas feature debut presents a spare bleak dystopian future and features evocatively minimal set design and creepy sound effects 26 On Metacritic it has a weighted average score of 75 out of 100 based on 8 reviews indicating generally favorable reviews 27 Awards Edit The film received a nomination at the 1971 Cannes Film Festival from the International Federation of Film Critics in the Directors Fortnight section 28 Versions Edit1967 student film Edit Main article Electronic Labyrinth THX 1138 4EB The first version was a student film for USC School of Cinematic Arts titled Electronic Labyrinth THX 1138 4EB The run time was 15 minutes It was released as a bonus feature on the 2004 Director s Cut 1971 studio version Edit The 1971 studio version distributed to theaters had five minutes taken out against Lucas wishes by Warner Bros This version 81 minutes long has never been released on any home media format 1977 restored version Edit In 1977 after the success of Star Wars THX 1138 was re released with the footage that had been deleted by Warner Bros back in but it still did not gain popularity 29 This version was subsequently released on VHS 88 minutes and LaserDisc 86 minutes 2004 director s cut Edit The George Lucas Director s Cut includes completely new footage such as this shot of the factory where THX works In 2004 The George Lucas Director s Cut of the film was released Under Lucas supervision the film underwent an extensive restoration and digital intermediate process by Lowry Digital and Industrial Light amp Magic ILM where the film s original negative was scanned digital color correction was applied and a brand new digital master was created 30 Computer generated imagery and audio video restoration techniques were also applied to the film 31 32 At Lucas request the previsualization team at Skywalker Ranch worked in concert with ILM throughout the summer of 2003 The team also planned and executed a single day shoot which would form the basis for new digital visual effects mostly to expand scenes by extending crowds filling out settings and adding detail to the backgrounds of many scenes 33 These changes increased the run time of the film to 88 minutes This director s cut was released to a limited number of digital projection theaters on September 10 2004 and then on DVD on September 14 2004 The film was released on Blu ray on September 7 2010 34 At that time the film received an R rating for sexuality nudity from the MPAA due to the changes to the ratings system since the original release the original film was rated GP later changed to PG It is the only film directed by Lucas to carry an R rating 35 36 Novelization Edit A novelization based on the film was written by Ben Bova and published in 1971 37 It follows the plot of the movie closely with four notable additions An additional character Control is the accountant like ultimate administrator of the city Several passages depict the events from his point of view After having sex with LUH 3417 THX 1138 consults a psychologist and admits everything This psychologist transfers the confession to Control leading to the overriding mindlock and arrest in the factory LUH 3417 s trial and death are depicted first hand from her point of view and from that of Control Instead of climbing outside to witness a sunset THX 1138 climbs up and spends the night in the superstructure and exits in the morning to find other humans living outside Etymology and references EditThe significance of the name THX 1138 has been the subject of much speculation In an interview for the DVD compilation Reel Talent which included Lucas s original 4EB short Lucas stated that he chose the letters and numbers for their aesthetic qualities especially their symmetry 38 According to the book Cinema by the Bay published by LucasBooks Lucas named the film after his telephone number while in college 849 1138 the letters THX correspond to the numbers 8 4 and 9 on the keypad 39 However Walter Murch states in the DVD s audio commentary that he always believed Lucas intended THX to be sex LUH to be love and SEN to be sin 6 John Lithgow in The Film School Generation segment of the DVD series American Cinema described the title THX 1138 as reading like a license plate number 40 Numerous references to 1138 or THX 1138 appear throughout the Star Wars films 41 as well as other films by George Lucas For example THX 138 is the license plate number of John Milner s hot rod in American Graffiti Lucas also founded THX Ltd developer of the THX audio visual reproduction standards See also EditList of American films of 1971 List of films featuring surveillance Calling All Girls Queen song Utopian and dystopian fictionReferences Edit a b c d e f g h i j k l Artifact from the Future The Making of THX 1138 DVD bonus disk accompanying THX 1138 The George Lucas Director s Cut USA Warner Bros 2004 a b Pollock 1983 p 89 Gilbey Ryan It Don t Worry Me Faber amp Faber Pollock 1983 p 88 Louise Sweeney The Movie Business is alive and well and living in San Francisco Show April 1970 a b Lucas 2004 Pollock 1983 p 92 Lawrence Sturhahn Genesis of THX 1138 Notes on a Production Kansas Quarterly Spring 1972 Pollock 1983 pp 90 280 a b Pollock 1983 p 91 a b c d e Katie Dowd Before BART opened the Transbay Tube they let George Lucas film a movie inside Archived March 10 2019 at the Wayback Machine San Francisco Chronicle March 10 2019 E g Director s Cut at 1 11 52 1 21 55 1 25 35 Breeze Joe January 5 2015 The police drove Lola T70s in George Lucas s directorial debut Classic Driver Archived from the original on December 8 2015 Retrieved December 5 2015 Thomassima III is on display in the new Ferrari Museum in Modena Meade of Modena An American Dreamer In the Land of Artful Science Thomassima com Archived from the original on December 21 2016 Retrieved January 1 2017 a b Pollock 1983 p 96 a b Pollock 1983 p 97 AllMusic AllMusic Archived from the original on August 9 2020 Retrieved December 2 2019 THX 1138 FilmFacts Vol XIV No 7 1971 Ebert Roger THX 1138 RogerEbert com Archived from the original on May 11 2019 Retrieved May 8 2019 Siskel Gene May 18 1971 THX 1138 Chicago Tribune Section 2 p 4 Canby Vincent March 21 1971 Wanda s a Wow So s THX Archived May 14 2019 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times Section 2 p 11 Murphy Arthur D March 17 1971 Film Reviews THX 1138 Variety 18 Champlin Charles March 11 1971 New World of Tyranny in THX Los Angeles Times Part IV p 1 Arnold Gary April 17 1971 THX 1138 The Washington Post C6 Houston Penelope July 1971 THX 1138 The Monthly Film Bulletin 38 450 148 THX 1138 Rotten Tomatoes Archived from the original on May 4 2011 Retrieved April 8 2013 THX 1138 Reviews Metacritic CBS Interactive Archived from the original on December 25 2015 Retrieved September 12 2015 Higgins Bill May 9 2018 Hollywood Flashback From THX 1138 to Sith George Lucas Is No Cannes Stranger The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on October 29 2020 Retrieved September 27 2020 Pollock 1983 p 98 THX 1138 by Lucasfilm lucasfilm com Archived from the original on December 10 2016 Retrieved December 27 2016 Paul Hill Henry Preston October 11 2004 Back to the Future with THX 1138 AWN com Interview Interviewed by Bill Desowitz Archived from the original on January 15 2017 Retrieved December 27 2016 THX 1138 1971 Changes Maverick Media Archived from the original on May 2 2009 Retrieved September 24 2012 THX 1138 Comparison Original Version Director s Cut May 28 2010 Archived from the original on November 12 2020 Retrieved November 12 2020 Calonge Juan May 10 2010 Warner Announces Sci Fi Blu ray Wave Blu ray com Archived from the original on May 13 2010 Retrieved July 26 2010 George Lucas www tcm com Retrieved August 6 2023 Ravalli Richard 2016 George Lucas Out of Love Divorce Darkness and Reception in the Origin of PG 13 The Historian 78 4 690 709 doi 10 1111 hisn 12337 S2CID 151821638 Bova Ben Lucas George February 1 1978 THX 1138 Warner Books ISBN 0446897116 Reel Talent First Films by Legendary Directors DVD 20th Century Fox 2007 Sheerly Avni 2006 Cinema by the Bay Hardcover ed New York NY George Lucas Books p 36 ISBN 978 1 932183 88 7 Lithgow John host 1995 American Cinema The Film School Generation Television Production Beyond a Cell Block References to THX 1138 in Star Wars StarWars com September 15 2015 Archived from the original on January 21 2018 Retrieved February 4 2018 Further reading Edit Greene Jr James 2013 This Music Leaves Stains The Complete Story of the Misfits Scarecrow Press ISBN 978 1589798922 Pollock Dale 1983 Skywalking The Life and Films of George Lucas London Elm Tree Books ISBN 0 241 11034 3 Lucas George Director 2004 THX 1138 The George Lucas Director s Cut Two Disc Special Edition DVD USA Warner Bros ISBN 0 7907 6526 8 OCLC 56520465 External links Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to THX 1138 Official website at lucasfilm com Official website at warnerbros com THX 1138 at IMDb Interview with Don Pedro Colley about his experiences working on THX 1138 at LucasFan com White on White Archived May 11 2011 at the Wayback Machine Village Voice review April 8 1971 THX 1138 at Rotten Tomatoes THX 1138 at Metacritic Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title THX 1138 amp oldid 1171287247, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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