Sombor
Sombor (Serbian Cyrillic: Сомбор, pronounced [sɔ̂mbɔr]; Hungarian: Zombor; Rusyn: Зомбор, romanized: Zombor) is a city and the administrative center of the West Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The city has a total population of 47,623 (as of 2011[update]), while its administrative area (including neighboring villages) has 85,903 inhabitants.
Sombor | |
|---|---|
| City of Sombor | |
From top: Town hall, Old Town Hall, Rome Catholic Church, Preparandija building, Krušper's palace, Main pedestrian street | |
Coat of arms | |
| Coordinates: 45°47′N 19°07′E / 45.783°N 19.117°ECoordinates: 45°47′N 19°07′E / 45.783°N 19.117°E | |
| Country | Serbia |
| Province | Vojvodina |
| Region | Bačka |
| District | West Bačka |
| Municipality | Sombor |
| City status | 17 February 1749 |
| Settlements | 16 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Antonio Ratković (SNS) |
| Area | |
| • Rank | 7th in Serbia |
| • Urban | 289.23 km2 (111.67 sq mi) |
| • Administrative | 1,216.80 km2 (469.81 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 90 m (300 ft) |
| Population (2011 census)[2] | |
| • Rank | 16th in Serbia |
| • Urban | 47,623 |
| • Urban density | 160/km2 (430/sq mi) |
| • Administrative | 85,903 |
| • Administrative density | 71/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 25000 |
| Area code | +381 25 |
| Car plates | SO |
| Website | www |
Name and etymology
In Serbian, the city is known as Sombor (Сомбор), in Hungarian and German as Zombor, in Croatian and Bunjevac as Sombor, in Rusyn as Zombor (Зомбор), and in Turkish as Sonbor.
The older Hungarian name for the city was Czoborszentmihály. The name originates from the Czobor family, who were the owners of this area in the 14th century. (The family name came from the Slavic name Cibor.) The Serbian name for the city (Sombor) also came from the family name Czobor, and was first recorded in 1543, although the city was mentioned in historical documents under several more names, such as Samobor, Sambor, Sambir, Sonbor, Sanbur, Zibor, and Zombar.
An unofficial Serbian name used for the city is Ravangrad (Раванград), which means "flat town" in Serbian.
History
The first historical record relating to the city is from 1340. The city was administered by the Kingdom of Hungary until the 16th century, when it became part of the Ottoman Empire. During the establishment of Ottoman authority, the local Hungarian population left the region. As a result, the city became populated mostly by ethnic Serbs.[3] It was called "Sonbor" during Ottoman administration and was a kaza centre in the Sanjak of Segedin at first in Budin Province until 1596, and then in Eğri Province between 1596 and 1687.
In 1665, a well-known traveller, Evliya Çelebi, visited Sombor and wrote: "All the folk (in the city) are not Hungarian, but Wallachian-Christian (Serb).[3] These places are something special; they do not belong to Hungary, but are a part of Bačka and Wallachia. Most of the inhabitants are traders, and all of them wear frontiersmen clothes; they are very polite and brave people." According to Celebi, the city had 200 shops, 14 mosques and about 2,000 houses.
Since 12 September 1687, the city was under Habsburg administration, and was included into the Habsburg Military Frontier. Ottomans attempted to recapture it during the Battle of Zenta on 11 September 1697. However their attack was repulsed. In 1717, the first Orthodox elementary school was opened. Five years later a Roman Catholic elementary school was opened as well. In 1745, Sombor was excluded from the Military Frontier and was included into Bacsensis County. In 1749, Sombor gained royal free city status. In 1786, the city became the seat of Bacsensis-Bodrogiensis County. According to 1786 data, the population of the city numbered 11,420 people, mostly Serbs.
According to the 1843 data, Sombor had 21,086 inhabitants, of whom 11,897 were Orthodox Christians, 9,082 Roman Catholics, 56 Jewish, and 51 Protestants. The main language spoken in the city at that time was Serbian, and the second-largest language was German. In 1848/1849, Sombor was part of the Serbian Vojvodina, a Serb autonomous region within Austrian Empire, while between 1849 and 1860, it was part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat, a separate Austrian crown land. Sombor was a seat of the district within voivodship. After the abolishment of this crown land, Sombor again became the seat of the Bacsensis-Bodrogiensis (Bács-Bodrog, Bačka-Bodrog) County.
According to the 1910 census, the population of Sombor was 30,593 people, of whom 11,881 spoke Serbian, 10,078 spoke Hungarian, 6,289 spoke Bunjevac, and 2,181 spoke German.
In 1918, Sombor became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia). Between 1918 and 1922 it was part of Bačka County, between 1922 and 1929 part of Bačka Oblast, and between 1929 and 1941 part of Danube Banovina.
In 1941, the city was occupied by the Axis powers and annexed by Hungary. Many prominent citizens from the Serb community were interned and later executed. In 1944, the Yugoslav Partisans and Soviet Red Army expelled the Axis forces from the city. Since 1944, Sombor was part of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina of the new Socialist Yugoslavia and (since 1945) socialist Serbia. Today, Sombor is the seat of the West Bačka District in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in the Republic of Serbia.
Geography
Climate
Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).[4]
| Climate data for Sombor (1991–2020, extremes 1961–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.3 (66.7) | 21.3 (70.3) | 27.6 (81.7) | 30.8 (87.4) | 35.1 (95.2) | 37.1 (98.8) | 40.3 (104.5) | 39.9 (103.8) | 36.5 (97.7) | 30.0 (86.0) | 25.7 (78.3) | 20.7 (69.3) | 40.3 (104.5) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) | 7.0 (44.6) | 12.7 (54.9) | 18.6 (65.5) | 23.4 (74.1) | 27.0 (80.6) | 29.0 (84.2) | 29.3 (84.7) | 23.9 (75.0) | 18.3 (64.9) | 11.2 (52.2) | 4.7 (40.5) | 17.4 (63.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) | 2.1 (35.8) | 6.7 (44.1) | 12.2 (54.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 20.9 (69.6) | 22.5 (72.5) | 22.0 (71.6) | 16.8 (62.2) | 11.5 (52.7) | 6.3 (43.3) | 1.4 (34.5) | 11.7 (53.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −2.7 (27.1) | −2.0 (28.4) | 1.6 (34.9) | 6.1 (43.0) | 10.9 (51.6) | 14.5 (58.1) | 15.8 (60.4) | 15.5 (59.9) | 11.2 (52.2) | 6.5 (43.7) | 2.6 (36.7) | −1.5 (29.3) | 6.5 (43.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −27.2 (−17.0) | −26.8 (−16.2) | −24.5 (−12.1) | −5.6 (21.9) | −1.0 (30.2) | 2.0 (35.6) | 7.3 (45.1) | 4.6 (40.3) | −2.2 (28.0) | −6.9 (19.6) | −18.4 (−1.1) | −23.7 (−10.7) | −27.2 (−17.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 37.1 (1.46) | 37.7 (1.48) | 35.4 (1.39) | 40.3 (1.59) | 64.8 (2.55) | 79.8 (3.14) | 72.7 (2.86) | 56.2 (2.21) | 60.9 (2.40) | 54.3 (2.14) | 49.5 (1.95) | 47.3 (1.86) | 636.0 (25.04) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.8 | 10.7 | 10.3 | 10.9 | 13.0 | 11.8 | 10.0 | 8.6 | 10.2 | 9.5 | 11.1 | 12.3 | 130.2 |
| Average snowy days | 6.5 | 5.4 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 4.5 | 21.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84.0 | 77.9 | 69.6 | 65.0 | 64.5 | 64.8 | 63.4 | 65.0 | 70.7 | 75.7 | 82.5 | 85.9 | 72.4 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 65.1 | 97.6 | 159.7 | 208.8 | 254.3 | 278.6 | 306.4 | 291.0 | 200.5 | 154.0 | 82.0 | 53.6 | 2,151.6 |
| Source: Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia[5][6] | |||||||||||||
Settlements
of Sombor
●
The city administrative area of Sombor includes following villages:
- Aleksa Šantić
- Bački Breg
- Bački Monoštor
- Bezdan
- Gakovo
- Doroslovo
- Kljajićevo
- Kolut
- Rastina
- Riđica
- Svetozar Miletić
- Stanišić
- Stapar
- Telečka
- Čonoplja
Smaller and suburban settlements, "Salaši" include
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1948 | 90,477 | — |
| 1953 | 92,583 | +0.46% |
| 1961 | 96,191 | +0.48% |
| 1971 | 98,080 | +0.19% |
| 1981 | 99,168 | +0.11% |
| 1991 | 96,105 | −0.31% |
| 2002 | 97,263 | +0.11% |
| 2011 | 85,903 | −1.37% |
| Source: [7] | ||
According to the last official census done in 2011, the city of Sombor has 85,903 inhabitants.
Ethnic groups
Settlements with Serb ethnic majority (as of 2002) are: Sombor, Aleksa Šantić, Gakovo, Kljajićevo, Kolut, Rastina, Riđica, Stanišić, Stapar, and Čonoplja. Settlements with Croat/Šokac ethnic majority (as of 2002) are: Bački Breg and Bački Monoštor. Settlements with Hungarian ethnic majority (in 2002) are: Bezdan, Doroslovo, and Telečka. Ethnically mixed settlement with relative Hungarian majority is Svetozar Miletić.
The ethnic composition of the city:[8]
| Ethnic group | Population | % |
|---|---|---|
| Serbs | 54,370 | 63.29% |
| Hungarians | 9,874 | 11.49% |
| Croats | 7,070 | 8.23% |
| Bunjevci | 2,058 | 2.40% |
| Roma | 1,015 | 1.18% |
| Yugoslavs | 852 | 0.99% |
| Montenegrins | 541 | 0.63% |
| Germans | 494 | 0.58% |
| Macedonians | 171 | 0.20% |
| Albanians | 118 | 0.14% |
| Slovaks | 117 | 0.14% |
| Others | 9,223 | 10.74% |
| Total | 85,903 |
Culture
Sombor is famous for its greenery, cultural life and beautiful 18th and 19th century center. The most important cultural institutions are the National Theater, the Regional Museum, the Modern Art Gallery, the Milan Konjović Art Gallery,[9] the Teacher's College, the Serbian Reading House, and the Grammar School. Teacher's College, founded in 1778, is the oldest college in Serbia and the region.
Sombor's rich history includes the oldest institution for higher education in Serbian. The town is also home of numerous minority organisations, including the Hungarian Pocket Theater Berta Ferenc, the Croatian Society Vladimir Nazor, the Jewish Municipality and several other smaller organisations including German and Romani clubs.
There are two monasteries in this city:
- Sombor Orthodox Monastery, founded in 1928–1933
- Carmelite Catholic monastery, founded in 1904
Buildings and architecture
Županija building housing city and city administration
The old town hall of Sombor and the Holy Trinity Square
Sombor theater building
Sombor main street with the water fountain
Catholic church in Sombor
Economy
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):[10]
| Activity | Total |
|---|---|
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 967 |
| Mining and quarrying | - |
| Manufacturing | 4,431 |
| Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 214 |
| Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | 317 |
| Construction | 673 |
| Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 3,020 |
| Transportation and storage | 1,227 |
| Accommodation and food services | 740 |
| Information and communication | 222 |
| Financial and insurance activities | 351 |
| Real estate activities | 65 |
| Professional, scientific and technical activities | 686 |
| Administrative and support service activities | 927 |
| Public administration and defense; compulsory social security | 1,397 |
| Education | 1,617 |
| Human health and social work activities | 2,094 |
| Arts, entertainment and recreation | 296 |
| Other service activities | 329 |
| Individual agricultural workers | 1,382 |
| Total | 20,955 |
Sports
Radnički Sombor is the main football club from the city competing in Vojvodina League North.
Sombor is the hometown of two-time NBA MVP Nikola Jokić.
Local media
Newspapers
- Somborske novine[11]
TV stations
Radio stations
- Radio Marija (95,7)
- Radio Sombor (97.5)[14]
- Radio Fortuna (106.6)
Internet media
- Novi Radio Sombor http://www.noviradiosombor.com/
- SOinfo.org[15]
Twin cities
Twin cities:
Regional cooperation:
Transportation
Buses
Buses offer direct connections to major Serbian cities including Belgrade, Novi Sad and Subotica, as well as many regional towns. Among the companies operating in the area is Severtrans.
Rail
Sombor is linked by direct rail links to Novi Sad and Subotica, among others.
Air
The city houses Sombor Airport.
Notable residents
- Nikola Jokić (b. 1995), Serbian professional basketball player, Olympic silver medalist and All-NBA Team member. He was the NBA Most Valuable Player in 2021 and 2022.
- It was the seat of Ferenc Redl, an administrator from Bačka, from 1750.
- Joseph Schweidel was born here on May 18, 1796. Home Guard General, Martyr of Arad, his statue stood in the square in front of the County Hall until 1918.
- Lazar "Laza" Kostić (1841–1910), Serbian poet, prose writer, lawyer, philosopher, polyglot, publicist, and politician, considered to be one of the greatest minds of Serbian literature
- Samuilo Maširević
- Antal Koch was born here on January 7, 1843. Geologist, petrographer, mineralogist, paleontologist, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
- Ernest Bošnjak (1876–1963), cameraman, film director and printer. One of the founders of the filmography in the area
- Sándor Gombos (1895–1968), Olympic champion fencer
- Milan Konjović (1898–1993), prominent Serbian painter
- Gustav Mezey (1899–1981), artist
- Sava Stojkov (1925–2014), Serbian naive art painter
- Zvonko Bogdan (b. 1942), Bunjevac performer of traditional folk songs
- Filip Krajinović (b. 1992), Serbian professional tennis player
- Radivoj Korać (1938–1969), basketball player in the FIBA Hall Of Fame
- Nemanja Milić (b. 1990), Serbian professional football player
- Bogdan Maglić (1928–2017), nuclear physicist
- Andrija Konc (1919–1945), Croatian singer in the 1940s, born in Sombor.
See also
References
- ^ "Municipalities of Serbia, 2006". Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
- ^ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia: Comparative Overview of the Number of Population in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002 and 2011, Data by settlements" (PDF). Statistical Office of Republic Of Serbia, Belgrade. 2014. ISBN 978-86-6161-109-4. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
- ^ a b "Историја". 23 January 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
- ^ "Obziri, Serbia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
- ^ (in Serbian). Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
- ^ (in Serbian). Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
- ^ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
- ^ "Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Republički zavod za statistiku. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "Ovo su NAJLEPŠI MUZEJI van Beograda i evo zašto NE SMETE da ih zaobiđete". blic.rs (in Serbian). 11 December 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
- ^ "MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2019" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ "Somborske novine - Početna". somborskenovine.co.rs. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "РТВ СРЕЋЕ СОМБОР & TV SREĆE SOMBOR & Radio Televizija Srece Sombor "TV SOMBOR" UŽIVO". rtvsrece.com. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
- ^ "Radio Sombor- Somborske vesti". radiosombor.co.rs. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
- ^ "SOinfo.org – Sombor 24/7". soinfo.org. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
External links
- Official website
- www.soinfo.org
- www.sombor.org.rs
- Map of Sombor