This article is about a writing system. For other meanings of "Sharada", see Sharada (disambiguation).
The Śāradā, Sarada or Sharada script is an abugida writing system of the Brahmic family of scripts. The script was widespread between the 8th and 12th centuries in the northwestern parts of Indian Subcontinent (in Kashmir and neighbouring areas), for writing Sanskrit and Kashmiri.[4][1][5] Originally more widespread, its use became later restricted to Kashmir, and it is now rarely used except by the Kashmiri Pandit community for religious purposes.
[a] The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon.
You may need rendering support to display the uncommon Unicode characters in this article correctly.
The Gardez Ganesha, a 6th-century marble Ganesha found in Gardez, Afghanistan, now at Dargah Pir Rattan Nath, Kabul. The Sharada inscription says that this "great and beautiful image of Mahāvināyaka" was consecrated by the Shahi King Khingala of Khatriya Country Modern Part of Punjab Pakistan and Afghanistan. [6]
It is a native script of Kashmir and is named after the goddess Śāradā or Saraswati, the goddess of learning and the main deity of the Sharada Peeth temple.[7]
The Bakhshali manuscript uses an early stage of the Sharada script.[4] The Sharada script was used in Afghanistan as well as in the Himachal region in India. In Afghanistan, the Kabul Ganesh has a 6th to 8th century Proto-Sharada[clarification needed] inscription mentioning the, Turk Shahis, king Khingala of Oddiyana.[8] At the historic Markula Devi Temple, the goddess Mahishamardini has a Sharada inscription of 1569 CE.[9]
From the 10th century onwards, regional differences started to appear between the Sharada script used in Punjab, the Hill States (partly Himachal Pradesh) and Kashmir. Sharada proper was eventually restricted to very limited ceremonial use in Kashmir, as it grew increasingly unsuitable for writing the Kashmiri language.[10] With the last known inscription dating to 1204 C.E., the early 13th century marks a milestone in the development of Sharada.[10] The regional variety in Punjab continued to evolve from this stage through the 14th century; during this period it starts to appear in forms closely resembling Gurmukhī and other Landa scripts. By the 15th century, Sharada had evolved so considerably that epigraphists denote the script at this point by a special name, Devāśeṣa.[10]
^ abSingh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Education India. p. 43. ISBN9788131711200.
^Daniels, P.T. (January 2008). "Writing systems of major and minor languages". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Masica, Colin (1993). The Indo-Aryan languages. p. 143.
^ abSelin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Springer Science & Business Media. p. Bakhshali Manuscript entry. Bibcode:2008ehst.book.....S. ISBN9781402045592.
^Sir George Grierson. (1916). "On the Sharada Alphabet". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 17.
^For photograph of statue and details of inscription, see: Dhavalikar, M. K., "Gaņeśa: Myth and Reality", in: Brown 1991, pp. 50, 63 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBrown1991 (help).
^. The Hindu. 17 May 2006. Archived from the original on 4 February 2007. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
^From Persepolis to the Punjab: Exploring Ancient Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan, Elizabeth Errington, Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis, British Museum Press, 2007 p. 96
^Observations on the Architecture and on a Carved Wooden Door of the Temple of Mirkulā Devī at Udaipur, Himachal Pradesh, Francesco Noci, East and West, Vol. 44, No. 1 (March 1994), pp. 99-114
^ abcPandey, Anshuman (2009-03-25). "N3545: Proposal to Encode the Sharada Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.
^Pandey, Anshuman (2009-08-05). "L2/09-074R2: Proposal to encode the Sharada Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF).
External links
Aksharamukha: Sharada script
Saerji. (2009). Śāradā script: Akṣara List of the Manuscript of Abhidharmadīpa (ca. the 11th Century). Research Institute of Sanskrit Manuscripts & Buddhist Literature, Peking University.
Prevalence of the Śāradā Script in Afghanistan
February 06, 2023
sharada, script, this, article, about, writing, system, other, meanings, sharada, sharada, disambiguation, Śāradā, sarada, abugida, writing, system, brahmic, family, scripts, script, widespread, between, 12th, centuries, northwestern, parts, indian, subcontine. This article is about a writing system For other meanings of Sharada see Sharada disambiguation The Sarada Sarada or Sharada script is an abugida writing system of the Brahmic family of scripts The script was widespread between the 8th and 12th centuries in the northwestern parts of Indian Subcontinent in Kashmir and neighbouring areas for writing Sanskrit and Kashmiri 4 1 5 Originally more widespread its use became later restricted to Kashmir and it is now rarely used except by the Kashmiri Pandit community for religious purposes Sarada𑆯 𑆫𑆢 The word sarada in Sharada scriptScript typeAbugidaTime period700 CE present almost extinct 1 Directionleft to right RegionIndia Pakistan Central AsiaLanguagesSanskrit KashmiriRelated scriptsParent systemsProto Sinaitic alphabet a Phoenician alphabet a Aramaic alphabet a BrahmiGuptaSaradaChild systemsTakriLandaSister systemsSiddhaṃ Tibetan 2 3 ISO 15924ISO 15924Shrd 319 Sharada SaradaUnicodeUnicode aliasSharadaUnicode rangeU 11180 U 111DF a The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon You may need rendering support to display the uncommon Unicode characters in this article correctly The Gardez Ganesha a 6th century marble Ganesha found in Gardez Afghanistan now at Dargah Pir Rattan Nath Kabul The Sharada inscription says that this great and beautiful image of Mahavinayaka was consecrated by the Shahi King Khingala of Khatriya Country Modern Part of Punjab Pakistan and Afghanistan 6 It is a native script of Kashmir and is named after the goddess Sarada or Saraswati the goddess of learning and the main deity of the Sharada Peeth temple 7 Contents 1 History 2 Letters 2 1 Vowels 2 2 Consonants 3 Numerals 4 Image gallery 5 Unicode 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory Edit Bakhshali manuscript Om in Sharada script The Bakhshali manuscript uses an early stage of the Sharada script 4 The Sharada script was used in Afghanistan as well as in the Himachal region in India In Afghanistan the Kabul Ganesh has a 6th to 8th century Proto Sharada clarification needed inscription mentioning the Turk Shahis king Khingala of Oddiyana 8 At the historic Markula Devi Temple the goddess Mahishamardini has a Sharada inscription of 1569 CE 9 From the 10th century onwards regional differences started to appear between the Sharada script used in Punjab the Hill States partly Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir Sharada proper was eventually restricted to very limited ceremonial use in Kashmir as it grew increasingly unsuitable for writing the Kashmiri language 10 With the last known inscription dating to 1204 C E the early 13th century marks a milestone in the development of Sharada 10 The regional variety in Punjab continued to evolve from this stage through the 14th century during this period it starts to appear in forms closely resembling Gurmukhi and other Landa scripts By the 15th century Sharada had evolved so considerably that epigraphists denote the script at this point by a special name Devaseṣa 10 Letters EditVowels Edit Transliteration IPA Independent position Dependent positionGlyph Example Special formsa ɐ 𑆃 none 𑆥 pa a aː 𑆄 𑆥 pa 𑆕 𑆕 𑆘 𑆘 𑆛 𑆛 𑆟 𑆟 i ɪ 𑆅 𑆥 pii iː 𑆆 𑆥 piu ʊ 𑆇 𑆥 pu 𑆑 𑆑 𑆓 𑆓 𑆙 𑆙 𑆚 𑆚 𑆝 𑆝 𑆠 𑆠 𑆨 𑆨 𑆫 𑆫 𑆯 𑆯 u uː 𑆈 𑆥 pu 𑆑 𑆑 𑆓 𑆓 𑆙 𑆙 𑆚 𑆚 𑆝 𑆝 𑆠 𑆠 𑆨 𑆨 𑆫 𑆫 𑆯 𑆯 r r 𑆉 𑆥 pr 𑆑 𑆑 r r ː 𑆊 𑆥 pr 𑆑 𑆑 l l 𑆋 𑆥 pl l l ː 𑆌 𑆥 pl e eː 𑆍 𑆥 peai aːi ai ɐi ɛi 𑆎 𑆥 paiō oː 𑆏 𑆥 pōau aːu au ɐu ɔu 𑆐 𑆥 pauam 𑆃 𑆥 pam aṃ n m 𑆃 𑆥 paṃaḥ h 𑆃 𑆥 paḥConsonants Edit Isolated glyph Transliteration IPA𑆑 ka kɐ 𑆒 kha kʰɐ 𑆓 ga ɡɐ 𑆔 gha ɡʱɐ 𑆕 ṅa ŋɐ 𑆖 ca tɕɐ 𑆗 cha tɕʰɐ 𑆘 ja dʑɐ 𑆙 jha dʑʱɐ 𑆚 na ɲɐ 𑆛 ṭa ʈɐ 𑆜 ṭha ʈʰɐ 𑆝 ḍa ɖɐ 𑆞 ḍha ɖʱɐ 𑆟 ṇa ɳɐ 𑆠 ta tɐ 𑆡 tha tʰɐ 𑆢 da dɐ 𑆣 dha dʱɐ 𑆤 na nɐ 𑆥 pa pɐ 𑆦 pha pʰɐ 𑆧 ba bɐ 𑆨 bha bʱɐ 𑆩 ma mɐ 𑆪 ya jɐ 𑆫 ra rɐ ɾɐ ɽɐ ɾ ɐ 𑆬 la lɐ 𑆭 ḷa ɭɐ 𑆮 va ʋɐ 𑆯 sa ɕɐ 𑆰 ṣa ʂɐ 𑆱 sa sɐ 𑆲 ha ɦɐ Numerals EditSharada Arabic𑇐 0𑇑 1𑇒 2𑇓 3𑇔 4𑇕 5𑇖 6𑇗 7𑇘 8𑇙 9Sharada script uses its own signs for the positional decimal numeral system Image gallery Edit Sharada vowels Sharada consonant signs Sanskrit above devanagari script and Kashmiri language below sharada script Old manuscript using Sharada scriptUnicode EditMain article Sharada Unicode block Sarada script was added to the Unicode Standard in January 2012 with the release of version 6 1 11 The Unicode block for Sarada script called Sharada is U 11180 U 111DF Sharada 1 Official Unicode Consortium code chart PDF 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E FU 1118x 𑆃 𑆄 𑆅 𑆆 𑆇 𑆈 𑆉 𑆊 𑆋 𑆌 𑆍 𑆎 𑆏U 1119x 𑆐 𑆑 𑆒 𑆓 𑆔 𑆕 𑆖 𑆗 𑆘 𑆙 𑆚 𑆛 𑆜 𑆝 𑆞 𑆟U 111Ax 𑆠 𑆡 𑆢 𑆣 𑆤 𑆥 𑆦 𑆧 𑆨 𑆩 𑆪 𑆫 𑆬 𑆭 𑆮 𑆯U 111Bx 𑆰 𑆱 𑆲 U 111Cx 𑇁 𑇂 𑇃 𑇄 U 111Dx 𑇐 𑇑 𑇒 𑇓 𑇔 𑇕 𑇖 𑇗 𑇘 𑇙 𑇚 𑇜 Notes 1 As of Unicode version 15 0See also EditLipi writing scripts in Buddhist Hindu and Jaina texts Sharada Peeth in KashmirReferences Edit a b Singh Upinder 2008 A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century Pearson Education India p 43 ISBN 9788131711200 Daniels P T January 2008 Writing systems of major and minor languages a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Masica Colin 1993 The Indo Aryan languages p 143 a b Selin Helaine 2008 Encyclopaedia of the History of Science Technology and Medicine in Non Western Cultures Springer Science amp Business Media p Bakhshali Manuscript entry Bibcode 2008ehst book S ISBN 9781402045592 Sir George Grierson 1916 On the Sharada Alphabet Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 17 For photograph of statue and details of inscription see Dhavalikar M K Ganesa Myth and Reality in Brown 1991 pp 50 63harvnb error no target CITEREFBrown1991 help Pandits to visit Sharda temple The Hindu 17 May 2006 Archived from the original on 4 February 2007 Retrieved 13 August 2012 From Persepolis to the Punjab Exploring Ancient Iran Afghanistan and Pakistan Elizabeth Errington Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis British Museum Press 2007 p 96 Observations on the Architecture and on a Carved Wooden Door of the Temple of Mirkula Devi at Udaipur Himachal Pradesh Francesco Noci East and West Vol 44 No 1 March 1994 pp 99 114 a b c Pandey Anshuman 2009 03 25 N3545 Proposal to Encode the Sharada Script in ISO IEC 10646 PDF Working Group Document ISO IEC JTC1 SC2 WG2 Pandey Anshuman 2009 08 05 L2 09 074R2 Proposal to encode the Sharada Script in ISO IEC 10646 PDF External links EditAksharamukha Sharada script Saerji 2009 Sarada script Akṣara List of the Manuscript of Abhidharmadipa ca the 11th Century Research Institute of Sanskrit Manuscripts amp Buddhist Literature Peking University Prevalence of the Sarada Script in Afghanistan Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sharada script amp oldid 1137493284, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
