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Romani people in France

January 01, 1970

Not to be confused with Romanians in France.

Romani people in France, generally known in spoken French as gitans, tsiganes or manouches, are an ethnic group that originated in Northern India. The exact number of Romani people in France is unknown; estimates vary from 500,000 to 1,200,000.[1]

History edit

The first Roma came to France in 1418, to the town of Colmar. In 1419 more Romani arrived in Provence and Savoy. Nine years later the first Roma were recorded in Paris. In 1802 there was a determined campaign to clear Roma from the French Basque provinces. More than 500 Roma were captured and imprisoned pending their planned deportation to the French colony of Louisiana. The colony was, however, sold in 1803 to the United States.[2]

Origin edit

The Romani people originated in Northern India,[3][4][5][6][7] presumably from the northwestern Indian states Rajasthan and Punjab.[6]

The linguistic evidence has indisputably shown that roots of Romani language lie in India: the language has grammatical characteristics of Indian languages and shares with them a large part of the basic lexicon, for example, body parts and daily routines.[8]

More exactly, Romani shares the basic lexicon with Hindi and Punjabi. It shares many phonetic features with Marwari, while its grammar is closest to Bengali.[9]

Genetic findings in 2012 suggest the Romani originated in northwestern India and migrated as a group.[4][5][10] According to a genetic study in 2012, the ancestors of present scheduled tribes and scheduled caste populations of northern India, traditionally referred to collectively as the Ḍoma, are the likely ancestral populations of modern European Roma.[11]

Population edit

In France the Romani people are typically classified into three groups:

  • "Roms", who come from territories in eastern Europe
  • "Manouches", also known as "Sinté" (in Germany and Holland: Sinti), who often have familial ties in Germany and Italy
  • "Gitans", who trace their familial ties to Romani people in Spain[12]

The term "Romanichel" is considered pejorative in France,[13] and "Bohémien" is outdated. The French National Gendarmerie referred to them in an ethnic database by the acronym "MENS" ("Minorités Ethniques Non-Sédentarisées"), an administrative term meaning "Travelling Ethnic Minorities". However this usage is not widely used, since this ethnic database was secret as creating ethnic data is illegal in France.[14]

The exact numbers of Romani people in France are not known, with estimates varying from 20,000 to 400,000. The French Romani rights group FNASAT reports that at least 12,000 Romani, who have immigrated from Romania and Bulgaria, live in unofficial urban camps throughout the country. French authorities often attempt to close down these encampments. In 2009, the government sent more than 10,000 Romani back to Romania and Bulgaria.[15]

In 2009, the European Committee of Social Rights found France had violated the European Social Charter (rights to housing, right to protection against poverty and social exclusion, right of the family to protection) in respect to Romani population from foreign countries.[16]

Repatriations edit

Main article: Deportation of Roma migrants from France

In 2010 and 2011, the French government organized repatriation flights to send Romanian Romanis to Romania. On 12 April, a chartered flight carrying 160 Romani left northern France for Timișoara. As in the 2010 deportations, the French government gave those Romani leaving France €300 each, with €100 for each child. The Romani on the 12 April flight were forced to sign declarations that they would never return to France.[17]

On 9 August, the city of Marseille in southern France forcibly evicted 100 Romani people from a makeshift camp near Porte d'Aix, giving them 24 hours to leave.[18] A chartered flight carrying approximately 150 Romani to Romania left the Lyon area on 20 September.[19] France's goal for 2011 was to deport 30,000 Romani to Romania.[20] As of 2012, France sent about 8,000 Romani to Romania and Bulgaria in 2011, after dismantling camps where they were living on the outskirts of cities. The actions prompted controversy and calls for greater inclusion of Romani people.[21]

Racism edit

Prejudiced views of Romani are widespread in France, with a 2014 Pew Research poll indicating that two-thirds of French people have unfavorable views of Romani.[22] In 2016, more than 10,000 Roma were evicted by French authorities. According to a report published by the Human Rights League of France and the European Roma Rights Centre, 60 percent of all Romani living in France were forcibly evicted from their homes in 2016, many in cold winter months.[23]

Rumors and fake news stories of a white van occupied by Romani attempting to abduct children or young women have spread across the French internet on multiple occasions. A number of violent incidents against Romani occurred in March 2019 after rumors of Romani kidnapping children spread on Facebook and Snapchat. Two people in a white van were attacked by 20 youths in Colombes on 16 March. On 25 March, 50 people attacked a Roma camp in Bobigny with sticks and knives, burning several vans, and a separate group of Romani were chased and attacked in Clichy-sous-Bois.[24] Similar incidents occurred in Aubervilliers, Bondy and Noisy-le-Sec.[25]

Notable individuals edit

Further information: Category:French people of Romani descent

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Situation of Roma in France at crisis proportions – report". EurActiv. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
  2. ^ Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies). p. 91.
  3. ^ Hancock, Ian F. (2005) [2002]. We are the Romani People. Univ of Hertfordshire Press. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-902806-19-8. While a nine century removal from India has diluted Indian biological connection to the extent that for some Romani groups, it may be hardly representative today, Sarren (1976:72) concluded that we still remain together, genetically, Asian rather than European
  4. ^ a b Mendizabal, Isabel; et al. (6 December 2012). "Reconstructing the Population History of European Romani from Genome-wide Data" (PDF). Current Biology. 22 (24): 2342–2349. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.039. PMID 23219723. S2CID 13874469.
  5. ^ a b Sindya N. Bhanoo (11 December 2012). "Genomic Study Traces Roma to Northern India". The New York Times.
  6. ^ a b Goldberg, K. Meira; Bennahum, Ninotchka Devorah; Hayes, Michelle Heffner (2015). Flamenco on the Global Stage: Historical, Critical and Theoretical Perspectives. ISBN 9780786494705.
  7. ^ Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark; Trillo, Richard (16 August 1999). World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Rough Guides. p. 147. ISBN 9781858286358 – via Internet Archive. Roma Rajastan Penjab.
  8. ^ Šebková, Hana; Žlnayová, Edita (1998), (PDF), Ústí nad Labem: Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity J. E. Purkyně v Ústí nad Labem, p. 4, ISBN 80-7044-205-0, archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016
  9. ^ Hübschmannová, Milena (1995). "Romaňi čhib – romština: Několik základních informací o romském jazyku". Bulletin Muzea Romské Kultury (4/1995). Brno: Muzeum romské kultury. Zatímco romská lexika je bližší hindštině, marvárštině, pandžábštině atd., v gramatické sféře nacházíme mnoho shod s východoindickým jazykem, s bengálštinou.
  10. ^ "5 Intriguing Facts About the Roma". Live Science.
  11. ^ Rai, N; Chaubey, G; Tamang, R; Pathak, AK; Singh, VK; et al. (2012), "The Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup H1a1a-M82 Reveals the Likely Indian Origin of the European Romani Populations", PLOS ONE, 7 (11): e48477, Bibcode:2012PLoSO...748477R, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048477, PMC 3509117, PMID 23209554
  12. ^ Liégeois, Jean-Pierre. Roma, tsiganes, voyageurs. Council of Europe, 1994.
  13. ^ Kenrick, Donald (5 July 2007). Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810864405 – via Google Books.
  14. ^ "La gendarmerie nie l'existence du fichier sur les Roms". Le Monde (in French). 13 October 2010.
  15. ^ "Q&A: France Roma expulsions". BBC News. 19 August 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
  16. ^ "European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) v. France" (PDF). Coe.int. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
  17. ^ "France resumes deportations of Roma people from Romania". Czech Press Agency. Romea.cz. 13 April 2010. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
  18. ^ Ira, Kumaran (11 August 2011). "Marseille mayor orders mass expulsion of Roma camp". World Socialist Web Site. International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI). Retrieved 25 November 2011.
  19. ^ "France: One Year On, New Abuses against Roma". Human Rights Watch. 28 September 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
  20. ^ Bran, Mirel (12 October 2011). . Le Monde. Worldcrunch. Archived from the original on 22 November 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
  21. ^ Marian Chiriac (3 May 2013). "France, EU, Seek Action on Roma from Romania". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
  22. ^ "Chapter 4. Views of Roma, Muslims, Jews". www.pewglobal.org. Pew Global Research. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  23. ^ Safdar, Anealla. "Thousands of Roma 'made homeless' in France in 2016". www.aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  24. ^ "Roma in France seek protection after attacks sparked by fake news". france24.com. France24. 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  25. ^ Marlowe, Lara. "Roma attacked in Paris after fake video circulates on social media". The Irish Times. Retrieved 27 March 2019.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Roma people in France at Wikimedia Commons

January 01, 1970
romani, people, france, confused, with, romanians, france, generally, known, spoken, french, gitans, tsiganes, manouches, ethnic, group, that, originated, northern, india, exact, number, unknown, estimates, vary, from, french, romanistotal, populationest, regi. Not to be confused with Romanians in France Romani people in France generally known in spoken French as gitans tsiganes or manouches are an ethnic group that originated in Northern India The exact number of Romani people in France is unknown estimates vary from 500 000 to 1 200 000 1 French RomanisTotal populationest 500 000 1 200 000 1 Regions with significant populationsAlsace Aquitaine Ile de France Languedoc Roussillon Lorraine Midi Pyrenees Nord Pas de Calais Provence Alpes Cote d Azur Rhone Alpes BretagneLanguagesFrench Spanish Romani Sinti Manouche Erromintxela KaloReligionChristianity Evangelicalism Contents 1 History 2 Origin 3 Population 4 Repatriations 5 Racism 6 Notable individuals 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksHistory editThe first Roma came to France in 1418 to the town of Colmar In 1419 more Romani arrived in Provence and Savoy Nine years later the first Roma were recorded in Paris In 1802 there was a determined campaign to clear Roma from the French Basque provinces More than 500 Roma were captured and imprisoned pending their planned deportation to the French colony of Louisiana The colony was however sold in 1803 to the United States 2 Origin editThe Romani people originated in Northern India 3 4 5 6 7 presumably from the northwestern Indian states Rajasthan and Punjab 6 The linguistic evidence has indisputably shown that roots of Romani language lie in India the language has grammatical characteristics of Indian languages and shares with them a large part of the basic lexicon for example body parts and daily routines 8 More exactly Romani shares the basic lexicon with Hindi and Punjabi It shares many phonetic features with Marwari while its grammar is closest to Bengali 9 Genetic findings in 2012 suggest the Romani originated in northwestern India and migrated as a group 4 5 10 According to a genetic study in 2012 the ancestors of present scheduled tribes and scheduled caste populations of northern India traditionally referred to collectively as the Ḍoma are the likely ancestral populations of modern European Roma 11 Population editIn France the Romani people are typically classified into three groups Roms who come from territories in eastern Europe Manouches also known as Sinte in Germany and Holland Sinti who often have familial ties in Germany and Italy Gitans who trace their familial ties to Romani people in Spain 12 The term Romanichel is considered pejorative in France 13 and Bohemien is outdated The French National Gendarmerie referred to them in an ethnic database by the acronym MENS Minorites Ethniques Non Sedentarisees an administrative term meaning Travelling Ethnic Minorities However this usage is not widely used since this ethnic database was secret as creating ethnic data is illegal in France 14 The exact numbers of Romani people in France are not known with estimates varying from 20 000 to 400 000 The French Romani rights group FNASAT reports that at least 12 000 Romani who have immigrated from Romania and Bulgaria live in unofficial urban camps throughout the country French authorities often attempt to close down these encampments In 2009 the government sent more than 10 000 Romani back to Romania and Bulgaria 15 In 2009 the European Committee of Social Rights found France had violated the European Social Charter rights to housing right to protection against poverty and social exclusion right of the family to protection in respect to Romani population from foreign countries 16 nbsp Guitar player Django Reinhardt nbsp Ritual bath in Saintes Maries de la Mer a shrine associated with Romani people nbsp A seal on a document on the Montreuil Bellay nomad concentration camp 1943 Repatriations editMain article Deportation of Roma migrants from France In 2010 and 2011 the French government organized repatriation flights to send Romanian Romanis to Romania On 12 April a chartered flight carrying 160 Romani left northern France for Timișoara As in the 2010 deportations the French government gave those Romani leaving France 300 each with 100 for each child The Romani on the 12 April flight were forced to sign declarations that they would never return to France 17 On 9 August the city of Marseille in southern France forcibly evicted 100 Romani people from a makeshift camp near Porte d Aix giving them 24 hours to leave 18 A chartered flight carrying approximately 150 Romani to Romania left the Lyon area on 20 September 19 France s goal for 2011 was to deport 30 000 Romani to Romania 20 As of 2012 France sent about 8 000 Romani to Romania and Bulgaria in 2011 after dismantling camps where they were living on the outskirts of cities The actions prompted controversy and calls for greater inclusion of Romani people 21 Racism editPrejudiced views of Romani are widespread in France with a 2014 Pew Research poll indicating that two thirds of French people have unfavorable views of Romani 22 In 2016 more than 10 000 Roma were evicted by French authorities According to a report published by the Human Rights League of France and the European Roma Rights Centre 60 percent of all Romani living in France were forcibly evicted from their homes in 2016 many in cold winter months 23 Rumors and fake news stories of a white van occupied by Romani attempting to abduct children or young women have spread across the French internet on multiple occasions A number of violent incidents against Romani occurred in March 2019 after rumors of Romani kidnapping children spread on Facebook and Snapchat Two people in a white van were attacked by 20 youths in Colombes on 16 March On 25 March 50 people attacked a Roma camp in Bobigny with sticks and knives burning several vans and a separate group of Romani were chased and attacked in Clichy sous Bois 24 Similar incidents occurred in Aubervilliers Bondy and Noisy le Sec 25 Notable individuals editFurther information Category French people of Romani descentSee also edit nbsp France portal Cascarots a group of Romani in the Basque Country Erromintxela a group of Romani in the Basque Country with their own language Gypsy jazz FranceReferences edit a b Situation of Roma in France at crisis proportions report EurActiv Retrieved 27 September 2015 Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies Romanies p 91 Hancock Ian F 2005 2002 We are the Romani People Univ of Hertfordshire Press p 70 ISBN 978 1 902806 19 8 While a nine century removal from India has diluted Indian biological connection to the extent that for some Romani groups it may be hardly representative today Sarren 1976 72 concluded that we still remain together genetically Asian rather than European a b Mendizabal Isabel et al 6 December 2012 Reconstructing the Population History of European Romani from Genome wide Data PDF Current Biology 22 24 2342 2349 doi 10 1016 j cub 2012 10 039 PMID 23219723 S2CID 13874469 a b Sindya N Bhanoo 11 December 2012 Genomic Study Traces Roma to Northern India The New York Times a b Goldberg K Meira Bennahum Ninotchka Devorah Hayes Michelle Heffner 2015 Flamenco on the Global Stage Historical Critical and Theoretical Perspectives ISBN 9780786494705 Broughton Simon Ellingham Mark Trillo Richard 16 August 1999 World Music Africa Europe and the Middle East Rough Guides p 147 ISBN 9781858286358 via Internet Archive Roma Rajastan Penjab Sebkova Hana Zlnayova Edita 1998 Nastin mluvnice slovenske romstiny pro pedagogicke ucely PDF Usti nad Labem Pedagogicka fakulta Univerzity J E Purkyne v Usti nad Labem p 4 ISBN 80 7044 205 0 archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Hubschmannova Milena 1995 Romani chib romstina Nekolik zakladnich informaci o romskem jazyku Bulletin Muzea Romske Kultury 4 1995 Brno Muzeum romske kultury Zatimco romska lexika je blizsi hindstine marvarstine pandzabstine atd v gramaticke sfere nachazime mnoho shod s vychodoindickym jazykem s bengalstinou 5 Intriguing Facts About the Roma Live Science Rai N Chaubey G Tamang R Pathak AK Singh VK et al 2012 The Phylogeography of Y Chromosome Haplogroup H1a1a M82 Reveals the Likely Indian Origin of the European Romani Populations PLOS ONE 7 11 e48477 Bibcode 2012PLoSO 748477R doi 10 1371 journal pone 0048477 PMC 3509117 PMID 23209554 Liegeois Jean Pierre Roma tsiganes voyageurs Council of Europe 1994 Kenrick Donald 5 July 2007 Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies Romanies Scarecrow Press ISBN 9780810864405 via Google Books La gendarmerie nie l existence du fichier sur les Roms Le Monde in French 13 October 2010 Q amp A France Roma expulsions BBC News 19 August 2010 Retrieved 22 August 2010 European Roma Rights Centre ERRC v France PDF Coe int Retrieved 27 September 2015 France resumes deportations of Roma people from Romania Czech Press Agency Romea cz 13 April 2010 Retrieved 25 November 2011 Ira Kumaran 11 August 2011 Marseille mayor orders mass expulsion of Roma camp World Socialist Web Site International Committee of the Fourth International ICFI Retrieved 25 November 2011 France One Year On New Abuses against Roma Human Rights Watch 28 September 2011 Retrieved 25 November 2011 Bran Mirel 12 October 2011 France s Immigration Chief Revisits the Roma Expulsion Issue in Romania Le Monde Worldcrunch Archived from the original on 22 November 2011 Retrieved 25 November 2011 Marian Chiriac 3 May 2013 France EU Seek Action on Roma from Romania Balkan Insight Retrieved 27 September 2015 Chapter 4 Views of Roma Muslims Jews www pewglobal org Pew Global Research Retrieved 27 March 2019 Safdar Anealla Thousands of Roma made homeless in France in 2016 www aljazeera com Al Jazeera Retrieved 27 March 2019 Roma in France seek protection after attacks sparked by fake news france24 com France24 27 March 2019 Retrieved 27 March 2019 Marlowe Lara Roma attacked in Paris after fake video circulates on social media The Irish Times Retrieved 27 March 2019 External links edit nbsp Media related to Roma people in France at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Romani people in France amp 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