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Republic of Lakotah proposal

August 24, 2023

This article is about the proposed independent state. For other uses, see Lakota.

The Republic of Lakotah or Lakotah is a proposed independent republic in North America for the Lakota people. Proposed in 2007 by activist Russell Means, the suggested territory would be enclaved by the borders of the United States, covering thousands of square miles in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Montana. The proposed borders are those of the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie between the United States government and the Lakota. These lands are now occupied by Indian reservations and non-Native settlements. None of the existing Lakota tribal governments support the proposed republic, and they were not consulted about the proposal.[1][2]

Map of North America with the proposed Republic of Lakotah

Proposed boundaries

The proposed boundaries of Lakotah would be the Yellowstone River to the north, the North Platte River to the south, the Missouri River to the east and an irregular line marking the west.[3][4] These borders coincide with those set by the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie:

The territory of the Sioux or Dahcotah Nation, commencing [at] the mouth of the White Earth River, on the Missouri River; thence in a southwesterly direction to the forks of the Platte River; thence up the north fork of the Platte River to a point known as the Red Buts, or where the road leaves the river; thence along the range of mountains known as the Black Hills, to the head-waters of Heart River; thence down Heart River to its mouth; and thence down the Missouri River to the place of beginning.[5]

Background

Motivations for independence

 
Inyan Kara—in the Black Hills—a sacred mountain to the Lakota

The group has stated several reasons for its assertion of sovereignty, all a result of what they refer to as the "colonial apartheid" of the reservation system in the United States. The group claims that control by the United States has led to massive unemployment, poverty, and disease among the Lakota people and alleges that 150 years of U.S. administration is responsible for the statistical poverty of Lakota lands. The group claims that withdrawal from the United States will reverse these problems, and help re-establish the Lakota language and culture.[6][7] The group claims there have been persistent violations by the United States of their treaties with the Lakota.

Another longstanding point of contention between the Lakota and the United States is the status of the Black Hills of South Dakota, which were part of Sioux reservation lands until they were taken without compensation by the US government and opened for gold mining following the collapse of the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868). In 1980, the U.S. Supreme Court decision United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians awarded $105 million to eight tribes of Sioux Indians as compensation ($17.1 million for the market value of the land in 1877 and $88 million in 5% per annum simple interest between 1877 and 1980),[8][9] but the court did not award land. The tribal governments of the Lakota have refused the settlement.[10]

Lakotah's founders cite their motivation for founding the group can be found in the Oglala 1974 Declaration of Continuing Independence:

The United States of America has continually violated the independent Native Peoples of this continent by Executive action, Legislative fiat and Judicial decision. By its actions, the U.S. has denied all Native people their International Treaty rights, Treaty lands and basic human rights of freedom and sovereignty. This same U.S. Government, which fought to throw off the yoke of oppression and gain its own independence, has now reversed its role and become the oppressor of sovereign Native people.[11]

Politics and government

Citizenship in the proposed republic would be open to people of all races and to any resident of the land Lakotah claims. The group said they planned to issue their own passports and driver licenses in the name of the proposed nation.[12][13] The group proposed that the nation be organized as a confederation that would respect the libertarian principles of posse comitatus and caveat emptor; would offer "individual liberty through community rule;" and would collect no nationwide taxes. Individual communities within the proposed nation, however, would be allowed to levy taxes with the consent of the taxed. Means suggested that the proposed nation should not use fiat currency but instead adopt a gold standard.[1][14] Means stated that this system of government is derived from the traditional Lakota government system,[12][15] saying, "we are going to implement how we lived prior to the Invasion. Each community will be a mini-state unto itself ... They will form the federation known as Lakotah." Leaders of communities would be informally chosen by elders of the community.[15]

Proposed governmental structure

Four activists, calling themselves the Lakota Freedom Delegation, traveled to Washington, D.C., on December 17, 2007, and delivered a statement declaring that they were, "withdrawing from the treaties their ancestors signed with the U.S." and "setting up their own independent nation." Reasons cited included that "the federal government has failed to abide by 33 treaties that promised land, health care, education and other services." Their leader was Russell Means, one of the prominent members of the American Indian Movement in the late 1960s and 1970s.[16]

The Lakota Freedom Delegation stated that they did not recognize tribal governments or presidents as recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, sometimes referring to these groups as "stay-by-the-fort Indians".[17] Nor did any tribal governments, elected by the tribal people themselves, recognize the Republic of Lakotah.[1]

The Republic of Lakotah announced its provisional capital is Porcupine, South Dakota, with hopes in the long run to move the administration to near Rapid City, South Dakota.[18]

Before his death, in 2012, Means identified himself as "chief facilitator" of a provisional government of the Republic of Lakotah.[19][20] The four signatories of the Lakota Freedom Delegation's letter to the U.S. government that announced the region's withdrawal from the U.S. identified themselves by the title of "Itacan of Lakota" in a press release.[21]

Means stated that he intended to treat the result of the 2008 Pine Ridge Reservation presidential election, in which he was a candidate, as a "plebiscite/referendum" on Lakota independence. He lost that election 1,918 to 2,277.[22]

Assertion of independence

These four identified themselves as members of the provisional government of Lakotah, these being: 1) Russell Means, chief facilitator (died 2012);[20] 2) Tegheya Kte, (also known as Garry Rowland), facilitator;[23] 3) Duane "Canupa Gluha Mani" Martin, provisional government member; and 4) Phyllis Young, provisional government member.[23] This "Freedom Delegation" traveled to Washington, D.C., and contacted the State Department, announcing in a letter dated December 17, 2007, that the Lakota were unilaterally withdrawing from its several treaties with the United States government. The document further declared the Lakota to be "predecessor sovereign of Dakota Territory", and cited gross violations of the treaties between the Lakota and the United States as the immediate cause for withdrawal. The letter invited the United States government to enter into negotiations with the newly declared "Lakotah". It threatened that if good-faith negotiations were not begun, then "Lakotah" will begin to administer liens against real estate transactions within the five state area of Lakotah."[24]

Legal basis for independence

 
Traditional range of the Siouan peoples (dark green) and the current reservations (orange)

Supporters of Lakotah argue that their assertion of sovereignty is entirely legal under "natural, international and United States law".[25] The group emphasizes that the Republic's establishment comes from a withdrawal from the United States, not a secession.[12][14] They claim the right to withdraw, on behalf of the Lakota people, from the Treaties of Fort Laramie as a consequence of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Members argue that the decision in the case of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 U.S. 553 (1903) shows that the United States Government does not adequately protect Indian rights.[24] Means cited the Enabling Act of 1889, that contained clauses protecting Indian sovereignty on the lands comprising the states where the Lakota historically reside and have been ignored.[12]

In a news release on January 15, 2008, the Republic of Lakotah proposed that independence from the United States might follow a Compact of Free Association, and suggested that the independence process could resemble that of the Philippines, Palau, the Federated States of Micronesia, or the Marshall Islands.

International contacts

The group has pursued international recognition for Lakotah at several embassies, including those of Venezuela, Bolivia, Chile, and South Africa.[12][26]

Reactions

Means and Mani have claimed that some 13,000 Lakota, 77% of the population of Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, have shown support for the Republic of Lakotah, and that the eight-member delegation which traveled to Washington, D.C., was only a portion of some 77 tribal elders and activists taking part in the movement.[12][27]

Federal government

The United States Department of State referred queries on the subject of Lakotah to the United States Department of the Interior, which oversees the Bureau of Indian Affairs.[28] Gary Garrison of the BIA said that the group's withdrawal "doesn't mean anything." He went on to say, "These are not legitimate tribal governments elected by the people ... when they begin the process of violating other people's rights, breaking the law, they're going to end up like all the other groups that have declared themselves independent—usually getting arrested and being put in jail."[1]

Regarding the government response, or lack thereof, Russell Means stated that, "I don't expect the federal government to do anything. I don't believe they even know what to do."[12]

Lakota tribes

None of the existing Lakota tribal governments supported the proposed republic, and they were not consulted about the proposal.[1][2] Rapid City Journal reporter Bill Harlan reported on his blog that "...most folks I talk to hadn't heard about the declaration. The ones who had heard the news, to a person, did not want to talk about it on the record."[29] The Journal noted that "...there were no tribal presidents in the group which made the announcement, no one from the top ranks of any of the Lakota Sioux tribes..."[30] Nanwica Kciji, an Oglala Lakota and first president of the Native American Journalists Association, has discredited the December 2007 developments, arguing that the Lakotah Freedom Delegation "never considered that treaties are made between nations and not individuals."[31] According to scholar Hiroshi Fukurai, "...the declaration of independence by the Republic of Lakotah in 2007 has been largely ignored by the US, as well as by the UN and its Member States."[32]

Other tribal governments and groups

Rodney Bordeaux, chairman of the Rosebud Sioux, said that Rosebud Indian Reservation has no interest in joining the Republic of Lakotah and said that the Lakota Freedom Delegation never presented their plan to the tribal council.[15] Bordeaux stated that the group does not represent the Lakota people nor the support of the elected tribal governments. He did say, however, that Means "...made some good points".[1]

Joseph Brings Plenty, chairman of the Cheyenne River Lakota, agreed that the Lakota Freedom Delegation "are not representative of the nation I represent" but would not say whether he agreed or disagreed with their goals and message, noting some value in the group's actions in raising awareness for the history of the Lakota people.[1]

The Alaskan Independence Party, in an announcement dated December 21, 2007, "applauded" the independent Lakota nation and granted it "full recognition".[33] The secessionist movement Second Vermont Republic has also announced its support, and encouraged other American Indian groups to similarly declare independence from the United States.[34]

International responses

In February 2008, the Lakotah Freedom Delegation handed over a formal petition, asking for recognition of the Republic of Lakotah, to the embassies of Russia, Serbia, Bolivia, Venezuela, the Republic of South Africa, Ireland, France, Nicaragua, East Timor, Chile, Turkey, India, Finland, Iceland and Uruguay. The text of the petition is available online.[35] According to Means, Venezuela's ambassador to the United States stated to the group that his country would not recognize Lakotah's independence based on Venezuela's interpretation of what the Lakotah Freedom Delegation is doing.[12]

Lakotah activities

On January 1, 2008, the republic announced that it would file liens on all U.S. government-held lands within their claimed borders;[19] however, the first round of liens, in an unnamed county in South Dakota, were rejected.[1] In July 2008, Means announced that the Republic of Lakotah would be creating an all-Lakota "grand jury" to investigate corruption by U.S. government officials on the seven reservations in the republic's claimed territory.[36]

Means unsuccessfully ran for the presidency of the Oglala Lakota several times; in the 2008 election he lost 1,918 to 2,277.[37]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Gale Courey Toensing (2008-01-04). . Indian Country Today. Archived from the original on 2016-05-04. Retrieved 2016-03-28.
  2. ^ a b Lakota Sioux Have NOT Withdrawn From the US; in The Daily Kos; December 23, 2007; accessed March 28, 2016
  3. ^ . Republic of Lakotah. Archived from the original on 2008-01-05. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
  4. ^ . Lakota Oyate. Archived from the original on 2008-01-15. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 2008-09-15. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
  6. ^ "Why". Republic of Lakotah. Retrieved 2007-12-31.[dead link]
  7. ^ . Lakota Oyate. Archived from the original on 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
  8. ^ "UNITED STATES v. SIOUX NATION OF INDIANS, 448 U.S. 371 (1980)". FindLaw. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
  9. ^ Bill Harlan (December 19, 2007). "Lakota group secedes from U.S." Rapid City Journal. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  10. ^ "Sioux Indians of Lakota Tribe Tell State Dept. of Succession". Le Monde. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
  11. ^ "Declaration of Continuing Independence by the First International Indian Treaty Council at Standing Rock Indian Country—June 1974" (PDF) (Press release). June 1974.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Means, Russell (2007-12-22). "Interview". Heading Right (Interview). Interviewed by Ed Morissey. Blogtalkradio. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
  13. ^ Catherine Elsworth (2007-12-26). . The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 2007-12-22. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  14. ^ a b Russell Means interview from December 26, 2007 on Free Talk Live
  15. ^ a b c Faith Bremner (2007-12-20). "Lakota group pushes for new nation". Argus Leader. Retrieved 2007-12-31.[dead link]
  16. ^ "Lakota Freedom Delegation withdraws from US". indianz.com. December 18, 2007. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  17. ^ Jerry Reynolds (December 18, 2007). "Delegates announce pullout from U.S. treaties". Indian Country Today. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
  18. ^ . Republic of Lakotah. Archived from the original on 2008-01-10. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  19. ^ a b (PDF) (Press release). 2008-01-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-11. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
  20. ^ a b Dennis McLellan (October 23, 2013). . Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
  21. ^ (Press release). Lakota Freedom Delegation. 2007-12-20. Archived from the original on 2007-12-31. Retrieved 2007-12-31.[better source needed]
  22. ^ "Russell Means for President of Pine Ridge Sioux Indian Reservation". Retrieved 2008-04-03.
  23. ^ a b . republicoflakotah.com. February 24, 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-03-29. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
  24. ^ a b "Lakotah Unilateral Withdrawal from All Agreements and Treaties with the United States of America" (Press release). Lakota Freedom Delegation. 2007-12-17.
  25. ^ "Media". Republic of Lakotah. Retrieved 2007-12-31.[dead link]
  26. ^ Bill Harlan (2007-12-20). . Rapid City Journal. Archived from the original on 2009-08-23. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  27. ^ Juxtaposeur (2007-12-25). "Interview with Canupa Gluha Mani - Lakota Freedom Delegation". memes.org Mind Viruses (Podcast).
  28. ^ "For your query, we will refer you to the Department of the Interior. This is not a State Department issue." Kirsten Petree, Director, Office of Media Affairs, U.S. Department of State, private communication with Wikinews (December 21, 2007)
  29. ^ Bill Harlan (2007-12-21). "Lakota Nation: no taxes!". Mount Blogmore, the Rapid City Journal Politlcal Blog. Retrieved 2008-01-01.[dead link]
  30. ^ Mikel LeFort (2007-01-20). "Lakota announcement: Where does it go?". Typos and Tribulations: Behind the headlines with a Rapid City Journal editor. Archived from the original on 2012-07-13. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  31. ^ Tim Giago. "Catering to That 10 Percent That Love to be Mascots". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  32. ^ Fukurai, Hiroshi (2020). "The State Constitution v. the National Constitution: Original Nations' "Sovereignty-Building" Projects in Asia, North America, and Beyond". Asian Journal of Law and Society. 7 (1): 39–60. doi:10.1017/als.2019.24. ISSN 2052-9015.
  33. ^ Lynette Clark (2007-12-21). "Alaskan Independence Party". Retrieved 2008-01-18.
  34. ^ "Lakota Independence Resolution". Second Vermont Republic. 15 January 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-23.[dead link]
  35. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-11. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
  36. ^ Andrea J. Cook (July 28, 2008). "Republic of Lakotah investigating tribal corruption". Rapid City Journal. Retrieved 2008-07-28.
  37. ^ Heidi Bell Gease (December 2, 2008). "OST inauguration set for Friday". Rapid City Journal. Retrieved 2010-11-21.

External links

 
Wikinews has related stories:
  • Lakota activists declare secession from US
  • Lakota Freedom Delegation says spokesman Russell Means 'hijacked' organization
  • Canupa Gluha Mani speaks about Lakota Oyate, Lakota Freedom
  • 'No treaty withdrawal', says Lakota Elder
  • (archived)
  • Russell Means discussing the Republic of Lakotah on YouTube
  • "Ways and Means" By Bill Donahue, Washington Post

August 24, 2023
republic, lakotah, proposal, this, article, about, proposed, independent, state, other, uses, lakota, republic, lakotah, lakotah, proposed, independent, republic, north, america, lakota, people, proposed, 2007, activist, russell, means, suggested, territory, w. This article is about the proposed independent state For other uses see Lakota The Republic of Lakotah or Lakotah is a proposed independent republic in North America for the Lakota people Proposed in 2007 by activist Russell Means the suggested territory would be enclaved by the borders of the United States covering thousands of square miles in North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Wyoming and Montana The proposed borders are those of the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie between the United States government and the Lakota These lands are now occupied by Indian reservations and non Native settlements None of the existing Lakota tribal governments support the proposed republic and they were not consulted about the proposal 1 2 Map of North America with the proposed Republic of Lakotah Contents 1 Proposed boundaries 2 Background 2 1 Motivations for independence 3 Politics and government 3 1 Proposed governmental structure 4 Assertion of independence 4 1 Legal basis for independence 4 2 International contacts 5 Reactions 5 1 Federal government 5 2 Lakota tribes 5 3 Other tribal governments and groups 5 4 International responses 6 Lakotah activities 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksProposed boundaries EditThe proposed boundaries of Lakotah would be the Yellowstone River to the north the North Platte River to the south the Missouri River to the east and an irregular line marking the west 3 4 These borders coincide with those set by the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie The territory of the Sioux or Dahcotah Nation commencing at the mouth of the White Earth River on the Missouri River thence in a southwesterly direction to the forks of the Platte River thence up the north fork of the Platte River to a point known as the Red Buts or where the road leaves the river thence along the range of mountains known as the Black Hills to the head waters of Heart River thence down Heart River to its mouth and thence down the Missouri River to the place of beginning 5 Background EditMotivations for independence Edit Inyan Kara in the Black Hills a sacred mountain to the LakotaThe group has stated several reasons for its assertion of sovereignty all a result of what they refer to as the colonial apartheid of the reservation system in the United States The group claims that control by the United States has led to massive unemployment poverty and disease among the Lakota people and alleges that 150 years of U S administration is responsible for the statistical poverty of Lakota lands The group claims that withdrawal from the United States will reverse these problems and help re establish the Lakota language and culture 6 7 The group claims there have been persistent violations by the United States of their treaties with the Lakota Another longstanding point of contention between the Lakota and the United States is the status of the Black Hills of South Dakota which were part of Sioux reservation lands until they were taken without compensation by the US government and opened for gold mining following the collapse of the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868 In 1980 the U S Supreme Court decision United States v Sioux Nation of Indians awarded 105 million to eight tribes of Sioux Indians as compensation 17 1 million for the market value of the land in 1877 and 88 million in 5 per annum simple interest between 1877 and 1980 8 9 but the court did not award land The tribal governments of the Lakota have refused the settlement 10 Lakotah s founders cite their motivation for founding the group can be found in the Oglala 1974 Declaration of Continuing Independence The United States of America has continually violated the independent Native Peoples of this continent by Executive action Legislative fiat and Judicial decision By its actions the U S has denied all Native people their International Treaty rights Treaty lands and basic human rights of freedom and sovereignty This same U S Government which fought to throw off the yoke of oppression and gain its own independence has now reversed its role and become the oppressor of sovereign Native people 11 Politics and government EditCitizenship in the proposed republic would be open to people of all races and to any resident of the land Lakotah claims The group said they planned to issue their own passports and driver licenses in the name of the proposed nation 12 13 The group proposed that the nation be organized as a confederation that would respect the libertarian principles of posse comitatus and caveat emptor would offer individual liberty through community rule and would collect no nationwide taxes Individual communities within the proposed nation however would be allowed to levy taxes with the consent of the taxed Means suggested that the proposed nation should not use fiat currency but instead adopt a gold standard 1 14 Means stated that this system of government is derived from the traditional Lakota government system 12 15 saying we are going to implement how we lived prior to the Invasion Each community will be a mini state unto itself They will form the federation known as Lakotah Leaders of communities would be informally chosen by elders of the community 15 Proposed governmental structure Edit Four activists calling themselves the Lakota Freedom Delegation traveled to Washington D C on December 17 2007 and delivered a statement declaring that they were withdrawing from the treaties their ancestors signed with the U S and setting up their own independent nation Reasons cited included that the federal government has failed to abide by 33 treaties that promised land health care education and other services Their leader was Russell Means one of the prominent members of the American Indian Movement in the late 1960s and 1970s 16 The Lakota Freedom Delegation stated that they did not recognize tribal governments or presidents as recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs sometimes referring to these groups as stay by the fort Indians 17 Nor did any tribal governments elected by the tribal people themselves recognize the Republic of Lakotah 1 The Republic of Lakotah announced its provisional capital is Porcupine South Dakota with hopes in the long run to move the administration to near Rapid City South Dakota 18 Before his death in 2012 Means identified himself as chief facilitator of a provisional government of the Republic of Lakotah 19 20 The four signatories of the Lakota Freedom Delegation s letter to the U S government that announced the region s withdrawal from the U S identified themselves by the title of Itacan of Lakota in a press release 21 Means stated that he intended to treat the result of the 2008 Pine Ridge Reservation presidential election in which he was a candidate as a plebiscite referendum on Lakota independence He lost that election 1 918 to 2 277 22 Assertion of independence EditThese four identified themselves as members of the provisional government of Lakotah these being 1 Russell Means chief facilitator died 2012 20 2 Tegheya Kte also known as Garry Rowland facilitator 23 3 Duane Canupa Gluha Mani Martin provisional government member and 4 Phyllis Young provisional government member 23 This Freedom Delegation traveled to Washington D C and contacted the State Department announcing in a letter dated December 17 2007 that the Lakota were unilaterally withdrawing from its several treaties with the United States government The document further declared the Lakota to be predecessor sovereign of Dakota Territory and cited gross violations of the treaties between the Lakota and the United States as the immediate cause for withdrawal The letter invited the United States government to enter into negotiations with the newly declared Lakotah It threatened that if good faith negotiations were not begun then Lakotah will begin to administer liens against real estate transactions within the five state area of Lakotah 24 Legal basis for independence Edit Traditional range of the Siouan peoples dark green and the current reservations orange Supporters of Lakotah argue that their assertion of sovereignty is entirely legal under natural international and United States law 25 The group emphasizes that the Republic s establishment comes from a withdrawal from the United States not a secession 12 14 They claim the right to withdraw on behalf of the Lakota people from the Treaties of Fort Laramie as a consequence of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Members argue that the decision in the case of Lone Wolf v Hitchcock 187 U S 553 1903 shows that the United States Government does not adequately protect Indian rights 24 Means cited the Enabling Act of 1889 that contained clauses protecting Indian sovereignty on the lands comprising the states where the Lakota historically reside and have been ignored 12 In a news release on January 15 2008 the Republic of Lakotah proposed that independence from the United States might follow a Compact of Free Association and suggested that the independence process could resemble that of the Philippines Palau the Federated States of Micronesia or the Marshall Islands International contacts Edit The group has pursued international recognition for Lakotah at several embassies including those of Venezuela Bolivia Chile and South Africa 12 26 Reactions EditMeans and Mani have claimed that some 13 000 Lakota 77 of the population of Pine Ridge Indian Reservation have shown support for the Republic of Lakotah and that the eight member delegation which traveled to Washington D C was only a portion of some 77 tribal elders and activists taking part in the movement 12 27 Federal government Edit The United States Department of State referred queries on the subject of Lakotah to the United States Department of the Interior which oversees the Bureau of Indian Affairs 28 Gary Garrison of the BIA said that the group s withdrawal doesn t mean anything He went on to say These are not legitimate tribal governments elected by the people when they begin the process of violating other people s rights breaking the law they re going to end up like all the other groups that have declared themselves independent usually getting arrested and being put in jail 1 Regarding the government response or lack thereof Russell Means stated that I don t expect the federal government to do anything I don t believe they even know what to do 12 Lakota tribes Edit None of the existing Lakota tribal governments supported the proposed republic and they were not consulted about the proposal 1 2 Rapid City Journal reporter Bill Harlan reported on his blog that most folks I talk to hadn t heard about the declaration The ones who had heard the news to a person did not want to talk about it on the record 29 The Journal noted that there were no tribal presidents in the group which made the announcement no one from the top ranks of any of the Lakota Sioux tribes 30 Nanwica Kciji an Oglala Lakota and first president of the Native American Journalists Association has discredited the December 2007 developments arguing that the Lakotah Freedom Delegation never considered that treaties are made between nations and not individuals 31 According to scholar Hiroshi Fukurai the declaration of independence by the Republic of Lakotah in 2007 has been largely ignored by the US as well as by the UN and its Member States 32 Other tribal governments and groups Edit Rodney Bordeaux chairman of the Rosebud Sioux said that Rosebud Indian Reservation has no interest in joining the Republic of Lakotah and said that the Lakota Freedom Delegation never presented their plan to the tribal council 15 Bordeaux stated that the group does not represent the Lakota people nor the support of the elected tribal governments He did say however that Means made some good points 1 Joseph Brings Plenty chairman of the Cheyenne River Lakota agreed that the Lakota Freedom Delegation are not representative of the nation I represent but would not say whether he agreed or disagreed with their goals and message noting some value in the group s actions in raising awareness for the history of the Lakota people 1 The Alaskan Independence Party in an announcement dated December 21 2007 applauded the independent Lakota nation and granted it full recognition 33 The secessionist movement Second Vermont Republic has also announced its support and encouraged other American Indian groups to similarly declare independence from the United States 34 International responses Edit In February 2008 the Lakotah Freedom Delegation handed over a formal petition asking for recognition of the Republic of Lakotah to the embassies of Russia Serbia Bolivia Venezuela the Republic of South Africa Ireland France Nicaragua East Timor Chile Turkey India Finland Iceland and Uruguay The text of the petition is available online 35 According to Means Venezuela s ambassador to the United States stated to the group that his country would not recognize Lakotah s independence based on Venezuela s interpretation of what the Lakotah Freedom Delegation is doing 12 Lakotah activities EditOn January 1 2008 the republic announced that it would file liens on all U S government held lands within their claimed borders 19 however the first round of liens in an unnamed county in South Dakota were rejected 1 In July 2008 Means announced that the Republic of Lakotah would be creating an all Lakota grand jury to investigate corruption by U S government officials on the seven reservations in the republic s claimed territory 36 Means unsuccessfully ran for the presidency of the Oglala Lakota several times in the 2008 election he lost 1 918 to 2 277 37 See also EditGreat Sioux Reservation Great Sioux Nation Land Back Siouxland State of SequoyahReferences Edit a b c d e f g h Gale Courey Toensing 2008 01 04 Withdrawal from US treaties enjoys little support from tribal leaders Indian Country Today Archived from the original on 2016 05 04 Retrieved 2016 03 28 a b Lakota Sioux Have NOT Withdrawn From the US in The Daily Kos December 23 2007 accessed March 28 2016 Map Republic of Lakotah Archived from the original on 2008 01 05 Retrieved 2008 01 02 About Lakota Oyate Archived from the original on 2008 01 15 Retrieved 2008 01 04 Treaty of Fort Laramie 1851 Archived from the original on 2008 09 15 Retrieved 2008 01 02 Why Republic of Lakotah Retrieved 2007 12 31 dead link Why Lakota Oyate Archived from the original on 2008 03 13 Retrieved 2008 01 03 UNITED STATES v SIOUX NATION OF INDIANS 448 U S 371 1980 FindLaw Retrieved 2008 06 13 Bill Harlan December 19 2007 Lakota group secedes from U S Rapid City Journal Retrieved 2007 12 19 Sioux Indians of Lakota Tribe Tell State Dept of Succession Le Monde Retrieved 2008 04 29 Declaration of Continuing Independence by the First International Indian Treaty Council at Standing Rock Indian Country June 1974 PDF Press release June 1974 a b c d e f g h Means Russell 2007 12 22 Interview Heading Right Interview Interviewed by Ed Morissey Blogtalkradio Retrieved 2008 01 05 Catherine Elsworth 2007 12 26 Sitting Bull s tribe declares independence The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on 2007 12 22 Retrieved 2007 12 31 a b Russell Means interview from December 26 2007 on Free Talk Live a b c Faith Bremner 2007 12 20 Lakota group pushes for new nation Argus Leader Retrieved 2007 12 31 dead link Lakota Freedom Delegation withdraws from US indianz com December 18 2007 Retrieved September 27 2016 Jerry Reynolds December 18 2007 Delegates announce pullout from U S treaties Indian Country Today Retrieved March 28 2016 FAQ Republic of Lakotah Archived from the original on 2008 01 10 Retrieved 2008 01 07 a b Notice to All Foreign Governments and Private Owners of Real Estate within the Republic of Lakotah PDF Press release 2008 01 01 Archived from the original PDF on 2008 04 11 Retrieved 2008 01 02 a b Dennis McLellan October 23 2013 Russell Means Dies at 72 Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on October 23 2012 Retrieved October 19 2013 Freedom Lakota Sioux Indians Declare Sovereign Nation Status Press release Lakota Freedom Delegation 2007 12 20 Archived from the original on 2007 12 31 Retrieved 2007 12 31 better source needed Russell Means for President of Pine Ridge Sioux Indian Reservation Retrieved 2008 04 03 a b REPORT republicoflakotah com February 24 2008 Archived from the original on 2008 03 29 Retrieved 2008 03 05 a b Lakotah Unilateral Withdrawal from All Agreements and Treaties with the United States of America Press release Lakota Freedom Delegation 2007 12 17 Media Republic of Lakotah Retrieved 2007 12 31 dead link Bill Harlan 2007 12 20 Lakota Sioux Secede From US Declare Independence Rapid City Journal Archived from the original on 2009 08 23 Retrieved 2007 12 31 Juxtaposeur 2007 12 25 Interview with Canupa Gluha Mani Lakota Freedom Delegation memes org Mind Viruses Podcast For your query we will refer you to the Department of the Interior This is not a State Department issue Kirsten Petree Director Office of Media Affairs U S Department of State private communication with Wikinews December 21 2007 Bill Harlan 2007 12 21 Lakota Nation no taxes Mount Blogmore the Rapid City Journal Politlcal Blog Retrieved 2008 01 01 dead link Mikel LeFort 2007 01 20 Lakota announcement Where does it go Typos and Tribulations Behind the headlines with a Rapid City Journal editor Archived from the original on 2012 07 13 Retrieved 2008 01 01 Tim Giago Catering to That 10 Percent That Love to be Mascots Huffington Post Retrieved 2008 01 07 Fukurai Hiroshi 2020 The State Constitution v the National Constitution Original Nations Sovereignty Building Projects in Asia North America and Beyond Asian Journal of Law and Society 7 1 39 60 doi 10 1017 als 2019 24 ISSN 2052 9015 Lynette Clark 2007 12 21 Alaskan Independence Party Retrieved 2008 01 18 Lakota Independence Resolution Second Vermont Republic 15 January 2008 Retrieved 2008 01 23 dead link Petition PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2008 04 11 Retrieved 2008 02 17 Andrea J Cook July 28 2008 Republic of Lakotah investigating tribal corruption Rapid City Journal Retrieved 2008 07 28 Heidi Bell Gease December 2 2008 OST inauguration set for Friday Rapid City Journal Retrieved 2010 11 21 External links Edit Wikinews has related stories Lakota activists declare secession from USLakota Freedom Delegation says spokesman Russell Means hijacked organizationCanupa Gluha Mani speaks about Lakota Oyate Lakota Freedom No treaty withdrawal says Lakota Elder Republic of Lakotah archived Russell Means discussing the Republic of Lakotah on YouTube Ways and Means By Bill Donahue Washington Post Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Republic of Lakotah proposal amp oldid 1169096387, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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