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Pioneer movement

January 08, 2023

This article is about the organizations operated by communist parties. For other uses, see Pioneer (disambiguation).

A pioneer movement is an organization for children operated by a communist party. Typically children enter into the organization in elementary school and continue until adolescence. The adolescents then typically join the Young Communist League. Prior to the 1990s there was a wide cooperation between pioneer and similar movements of about 30 countries, coordinated by the international organization, International Committee of Children's and Adolescents' Movements (French: Comité international des mouvements d'enfants et d'adolescents, CIMEA), founded in 1958, with headquarters in Budapest, Hungary.

Overview

 
Emblem of the Soviet Pioneer Organization with a silhouette of Vladimir Lenin and the inscription Always prepared!

During the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1921, most of the Russian Scoutmasters and many Scouts fought in the ranks of the White Army against the Red Army. Between 1918 and 1920, the All-Russian Congresses of the Russian Union of the Communist Youth (Komsomol) decided to eradicate the Scout movement and create an organization of the communist type, that would take Soviet children and adolescents under its umbrella. This organization would resemble the Scout movement in its form but properly educate children with Communist teachings.[1]

On behalf of the Soviet Council of People's Commissars, Nadezhda Krupskaya (Vladimir Lenin's wife and the People's Commissar of State for Education) was one of the main contributors to the cause of the Pioneer movement. In 1922, she wrote an essay called "Russian Union of the Communist Youth and boy-Scoutism." However, it was the remaining scoutmasters themselves who supported the Komsomol and the Red Army, who introduced the name "Pioneer" to it and convinced the Komsomol to adapt the Scout symbols and rituals.[2]

The first Pioneer organization was founded in Soviet Russia in 1922. Later, similar organizations were founded in the countries of the Eastern Bloc and other Communist states.

The Pioneer movement was modeled in many aspects on the Scout movement. The two movements share some principles like preparedness and promotion of sports and outdoor skills. The motto Always prepared! was adapted by the pioneer movement from the Scout Motto.

 
Postal stamp of East Germany depicting young pioneers with red and blue neckerchiefs

A member of the movement is known as a Pioneer, with the name stemming from the pioneering activity in Scouting. A neckerchief—typically red, but sometimes light blue—is the traditional item of clothing worn by a pioneer. This tradition was adapted from the Scout uniform.

But there are some distinct differences between the two movements. Most notably, the Scout movement is independent of government control and political parties. In contrast, the Pioneer movement is controlled by the Communist Party and includes teaching of communist principles. Opponents of Communism claim that this is a form of indoctrination.

Pioneer movements have existed and still exist in countries where the Communist Party is in power as well as in some countries where the Communist Party is in opposition, if the party is large enough to support a children's organization. In countries ruled by Communist Parties, membership of the pioneer movement is officially optional. However, membership provides many benefits, so the vast majority of children typically join the movement (although at different ages)[citation needed]. During the existence of the Soviet Union, thousands of Young Pioneer camps and Young Pioneer Palaces were built exclusively for Young Pioneers, which were free of charge, sponsored by the government and trade unions. There were many newspapers and magazines published for Young Pioneers in millions of copies.

A national pioneer organization is often named after a famous party member that is considered a suitable role model for young communists, such as Vladimir Lenin in the Soviet Union, Enver Hoxha in Albania, Georgi Dimitrov in Bulgaria, José Martí in Cuba, Ernst Thälmann in East Germany, Damdin Sükhbaatar in Mongolia, and Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam.

Countries with current Pioneer movements

 
Emblem of the Korean Children's Union

The Pioneer movement now exists in these countries:

Older children could continue in other communist organizations, but that would typically be done only by a limited number of people.

The communist parties in Russia and other countries continue to run a pioneer organization, but membership tends to be quite limited.

Pioneer movements of the past

 
Emblem of the Pioneer Youths of Burma

See also

References

  1. ^ Lewis Stegelbaum and Andrei Sokolov, Stalinism As A Way Of Life, p374 ISBN 0-300-08480-3
  2. ^ (in German) Sebastian Waack: Lenins Kinder: Zur Genealogie der Pfadfinder und Pioniere in Russland 1908-1924. wvb, Berlin 2008. ISBN 978-3-86573-356-6
  3. ^ IFM-SEI list of members 2009-02-21 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 2009-02-22
  4. ^ . Vietnam News Agency. Archived from the original on August 10, 2007. Retrieved June 29, 2006.
  5. ^ Ññī Ññī (1978). "7". မြန်မာနိုင်ငံအမျိုးသားမော်ကွန်း(၁၉၇၅) မျက်မှောက်ကာလမြန်မာနိုင်ငံမှတ်တမ်း [Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ ʾa myui ̋sā ̋moʻ kvanʻ ̋(1975): myakʻ mhokʻ kāla Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ mhatʻ tamʻ ̋, Volume 1] (in Burmese). Pugaṃ Cā ʼupʻ tuikʻ.
  6. ^ မောင်ကြီးလှ; ပန်းချီကိုဇော်ဝင်း (October 1984). "တို့တေဇလူငယ်" [Our Teiza Lu-nge / Our Glorious Youth]. ၁၉၈၄ခုနှစ်‌ အောက်တိုဘာလ တေဇ ရုပ်စုံ အထူးထုတ် [1984 October, Teiza Comic Magazine, Special Edition] (in Burmese). Myawaddy Publishing, Ministry of Information. p. 5.
  7. ^ "Lin San Tyna on Facebook". Facebook. Archived from the original on 2022-04-30.[user-generated source]
  8. ^ Decalo, Samuel (1997). Historical Dictionary of the Niger (3rd ed.). Boston & Folkestone: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-3136-8.: 173–4, 171–2 
  9. ^ Anarchism in America

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pioneer movement.
  • Rules of Thälmann Pioneers (GDR)
  • Young Pioneers (People's Republic of China)
  • Reproduction of a US Young Pioneer leaflet form the Library of Congress
  • 7 common character types from movies about pioneers. Source: Russia Beyond the Headlines

January 08, 2023
pioneer, movement, this, article, about, organizations, operated, communist, parties, other, uses, pioneer, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, u. This article is about the organizations operated by communist parties For other uses see Pioneer disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Pioneer movement news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message A pioneer movement is an organization for children operated by a communist party Typically children enter into the organization in elementary school and continue until adolescence The adolescents then typically join the Young Communist League Prior to the 1990s there was a wide cooperation between pioneer and similar movements of about 30 countries coordinated by the international organization International Committee of Children s and Adolescents Movements French Comite international des mouvements d enfants et d adolescents CIMEA founded in 1958 with headquarters in Budapest Hungary Young Pioneers at a Young Pioneer camp in Kazakh SSR Contents 1 Overview 2 Countries with current Pioneer movements 3 Pioneer movements of the past 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksOverview Edit Emblem of the Soviet Pioneer Organization with a silhouette of Vladimir Lenin and the inscription Always prepared During the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1921 most of the Russian Scoutmasters and many Scouts fought in the ranks of the White Army against the Red Army Between 1918 and 1920 the All Russian Congresses of the Russian Union of the Communist Youth Komsomol decided to eradicate the Scout movement and create an organization of the communist type that would take Soviet children and adolescents under its umbrella This organization would resemble the Scout movement in its form but properly educate children with Communist teachings 1 On behalf of the Soviet Council of People s Commissars Nadezhda Krupskaya Vladimir Lenin s wife and the People s Commissar of State for Education was one of the main contributors to the cause of the Pioneer movement In 1922 she wrote an essay called Russian Union of the Communist Youth and boy Scoutism However it was the remaining scoutmasters themselves who supported the Komsomol and the Red Army who introduced the name Pioneer to it and convinced the Komsomol to adapt the Scout symbols and rituals 2 The first Pioneer organization was founded in Soviet Russia in 1922 Later similar organizations were founded in the countries of the Eastern Bloc and other Communist states The Pioneer movement was modeled in many aspects on the Scout movement The two movements share some principles like preparedness and promotion of sports and outdoor skills The motto Always prepared was adapted by the pioneer movement from the Scout Motto Postal stamp of East Germany depicting young pioneers with red and blue neckerchiefs A member of the movement is known as a Pioneer with the name stemming from the pioneering activity in Scouting A neckerchief typically red but sometimes light blue is the traditional item of clothing worn by a pioneer This tradition was adapted from the Scout uniform But there are some distinct differences between the two movements Most notably the Scout movement is independent of government control and political parties In contrast the Pioneer movement is controlled by the Communist Party and includes teaching of communist principles Opponents of Communism claim that this is a form of indoctrination Pioneer movements have existed and still exist in countries where the Communist Party is in power as well as in some countries where the Communist Party is in opposition if the party is large enough to support a children s organization In countries ruled by Communist Parties membership of the pioneer movement is officially optional However membership provides many benefits so the vast majority of children typically join the movement although at different ages citation needed During the existence of the Soviet Union thousands of Young Pioneer camps and Young Pioneer Palaces were built exclusively for Young Pioneers which were free of charge sponsored by the government and trade unions There were many newspapers and magazines published for Young Pioneers in millions of copies A national pioneer organization is often named after a famous party member that is considered a suitable role model for young communists such as Vladimir Lenin in the Soviet Union Enver Hoxha in Albania Georgi Dimitrov in Bulgaria Jose Marti in Cuba Ernst Thalmann in East Germany Damdin Sukhbaatar in Mongolia and Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam Countries with current Pioneer movements Edit Emblem of the Korean Children s Union The Pioneer movement now exists in these countries Angola Agostinho Neto Pioneer Organization Armenia Republic of Young Pioneers and Lernamerdz Soviet Pioneers Belarus Belarusian Republican Pioneer Organization Belgium Pioneers of the Workers Party of Belgium People s Republic of China Young Pioneers of China Cuba Jose Marti Pioneer Organization established in 1961 Cyprus United Democratic Youth Organisation Finland Democratic Union of Finnish Pioneers Pinskut The Czech Republic Pionyr is a non political organisation organizing leisure time for children part of the IFM SEI Laos the Young Pioneers in Laos are under the Lao People s Revolutionary Youth Union LPRYU Mexico Pioneers Association Vicente Lombardo Toledano of the Partido Popular Socialista North Korea Young Pioneer Corps of the Korean Children s Union Portugal Portuguese Communist Youth founded in 1974 connected to the Portuguese Communist Party Russia Pioneers of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Moldova Pioneers of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova Ukraine Pioneers of the Communist Party of Ukraine Senegal Mouvement Nationale des Pionniers Senegalese 3 Spain Pioneers of the Communist Party of the Basque Homelands Syria Baath Party Pioneers Tajikistan King Somoni Inheritance Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Young Pioneer Organization established on May 15 1941 4 Older children could continue in other communist organizations but that would typically be done only by a limited number of people The communist parties in Russia and other countries continue to run a pioneer organization but membership tends to be quite limited Pioneer movements of the past Edit Emblem of the Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia Emblem of the Dimitrovist Pioneer Organization Septemberists Emblem of the Pioneer Youths of Burma Soviet Union Vladimir Lenin All Union Pioneer Organization part of All Union Leninist Young Communist League Socialist People s Republic of Albania Pioneers of Enver People s Republic of Bulgaria Dimitrovist Pioneer Organization Septemberists There were also an organization called chavdarcheta these were the youngest children which later became pioneers The difference between the two was the distinctive scarf which was sky blue in the chavdarcheta movement and red in the pioneri movement Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma Sheihsaung Lu nge Pioneer Youth part of Lansin Lu nge Aphwe Lansin Lu nge Aphwe lit Programme Youth Organization was an organisation for school students and university students to enter and learn about friendship useful skills and the socialist politics of the Burma Socialist Programme Party It comprises three branches Teiza Lu nge lit Glorious Youth Sheihsaung Lu nge lit Pioneer Youth and Lansin Lu nge lit Programme Youth 5 Teiza Lu nge wore blue scarf 6 and Shei hsaung Lu nge wore the Red scarf 7 People s Republic of Kampuchea The Young Pioneers in Cambodia between 1979 and 1993 were under the Kampuchean Revolutionary Youth Association KRYA and the Kampuchean Young Pioneers Organization KYPO branches of the Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation Czechoslovak Socialist Republic Pioneer Organization of the Socialist Youth Union part of the Socialist Youth Union German Democratic Republic Ernst Thalmann Pioneer Organisation Federal Republic of Germany Junge Pioniere Sozialistische Kinderorganisation People s Republic of Hungary Uttoroszovetseg Indonesia Fadjar Harapan Malawi Malawi Youth Pioneers this is atypical citation needed as Malawi was not a communist country Its Pioneers were linked to the Malawi Congress Party the only political party allowed in what was at the time a one party state Mali Young Pioneers Jeunes Pionniers 1960 Socialist youth brigades established by the US RDA of Modibo Keita Mongolian People s Republic Sukhe Bator Mongolian Pioneers Organization Niger Young Pioneers Jeunes Pionniers 1961 1974 non communist youth paramilitary group one of several set up in post independence Africa funded by and modeled on the Israeli Nahal Fighting Pioneer Youth 8 Burkina Faso Pioneers of the Revolution the youth movement of Thomas Sankara and the Council of Popular Salvation Norway Young Pioneers People s Republic of Poland 1950 1956 later Zwiazek Harcerstwa Polskiego a mixture of Scouting and pioneering Socialist Republic of Romania Pioneer Organization Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia Pioniri 1942 1992 United States Young Pioneers of America 1922 1934 9 See also EditYoung Pioneer camp International Falcon Movement Socialist Education International Organizations for older youth Komsomol Soviet Union Communist Youth League of China Kim Il sung Socialist Youth League North Korea Union of Communist Youth Romania Zwiazek Mlodziezy Polskiej Poland after 1956 Zwiazek Mlodziezy Socjalistycznej after 1976 Polish Socialist Youth Union Young Communist League Cuba References Edit Lewis Stegelbaum and Andrei Sokolov Stalinism As A Way Of Life p374 ISBN 0 300 08480 3 in German Sebastian Waack Lenins Kinder Zur Genealogie der Pfadfinder und Pioniere in Russland 1908 1924 wvb Berlin 2008 ISBN 978 3 86573 356 6 IFM SEI list of members Archived 2009 02 21 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 2009 02 22 Young Pioneers honoured on Brigade s 65th anniversary Vietnam News Agency Archived from the original on August 10 2007 Retrieved June 29 2006 Nni Nni 1978 7 မ န မ န င င အမ သ မ က န ၁၉၇၅ မ က မ က က လမ န မ န င င မ တ တမ Mranʻ ma Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ ʾa myui sa moʻ kvanʻ 1975 myakʻ mhokʻ kala Mranʻ ma Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ mhatʻ tamʻ Volume 1 in Burmese Pugaṃ Ca ʼupʻ tuikʻ မ င က လ ပန ခ က ဇ ဝင October 1984 တ တ ဇလ ငယ Our Teiza Lu nge Our Glorious Youth ၁၉၈၄ခ န စ အ က တ ဘ လ တ ဇ ရ ပ စ အထ ထ တ 1984 October Teiza Comic Magazine Special Edition in Burmese Myawaddy Publishing Ministry of Information p 5 Lin San Tyna on Facebook Facebook Archived from the original on 2022 04 30 user generated source Decalo Samuel 1997 Historical Dictionary of the Niger 3rd ed Boston amp Folkestone Scarecrow Press ISBN 0 8108 3136 8 173 4 171 2 Anarchism in AmericaExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pioneer movement Pioneers Belgium Rules of Thalmann Pioneers GDR Young Pioneers People s Republic of China Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union Vietnam Reproduction of a US Young Pioneer leaflet form the Library of Congress 7 common character types from movies about pioneers Source Russia Beyond the Headlines Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pioneer movement amp oldid 1088610367, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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