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Orson Scott Card

May 09, 2023

Orson Scott Card (born August 24, 1951) is an American writer known best for his science fiction works. He is the first and (as of 2022) only person to win both a Hugo Award and a Nebula Award in consecutive years, winning both awards for both his novel Ender's Game (1985) and its sequel Speaker for the Dead (1986). A feature film adaptation of Ender's Game, which Card co-produced, was released in 2013. Card also wrote the Locus Fantasy Award-winning series The Tales of Alvin Maker (1987–2003).

Orson Scott Card
Born (1951-08-24) August 24, 1951 (age 71)
Richland, Washington, U.S.
Pen name
  • Frederick Bliss
  • Brian Green
  • P.Q. Gump
  • Dinah Kirkham
  • Scott Richards
  • Byron Walley
Occupation
  • Author
  • critic
  • playwright / script writer
  • poet
  • public speaker
  • essayist
  • professor of writing and literature
LanguageEnglish
Alma materBrigham Young University (BA)
University of Utah (MA)
Genre
Notable worksEnder's Game series,
The Tales of Alvin Maker
Notable awards
SpouseKristine Allen Card
Children5
Signature
Website
www.hatrack.com

Card's works were influenced by classic literature, popular fantasy, and science fiction; he often uses tropes from genre fiction. His background as a screenwriter has helped Card make his works accessible. Card's early fiction is original but contains graphic violence. His fiction often features characters with exceptional gifts who make difficult choices with high stakes. Card has also written political, religious, and social commentary in his columns and other writing. Card's opposition to homosexuality has provoked public criticism.

Card, who is a great-great-grandson of Brigham Young, was born in Richland, Washington, and grew up in Utah and California. While he was a student at Brigham Young University (BYU), his plays were performed on stage. He served in Brazil as a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and headed a community theater for two summers. Card had twenty-seven short stories published between 1978 and 1979, and won the John W. Campbell Award for best new writer in 1978. He earned a master's degree in English from the University of Utah in 1981 and wrote novels in science fiction, fantasy, non-fiction, and historical fiction genres in the 1980s. Card continued to write prolifically, and published over 50 novels and over 45 short stories.[1]

Card teaches English at Southern Virginia University; he has written two books on creative writing and serves as a judge in the Writers of the Future contest. He is a practicing member of LDS Church and has taught many successful writers at his "literary boot camps". Mormon fiction writers Stephenie Meyer, Brandon Sanderson, and Dave Wolverton have cited his works as a major influence.

Life

Childhood and education

 
Card (right) signing autographs at New York Comic Con in 2008

Orson Scott Card was born on August 24, 1951, in Richland, Washington.[2] He is the son of Peggy Jane (née Park) and Willard Richards Card, and is the third of six children and the older brother of composer and arranger Arlen Card.[3] Card's family has Mormon pioneer heritage. His direct ancestors include Brigham Young, Charles Ora Card, Zina P. Young Card, Zina Young Card Brown, and Hugh B. Brown.[4]

When Card was one month old, his family moved to San Mateo, California, so Willard Card could begin a sign-painting business. When he was three years old, the family moved to Salt Lake City, Utah, so his father could finish his bachelor's degree. The family moved to Santa Clara, California, when Card was six; they stayed there for seven years while his father completed his master's degree and worked as a professor at San Jose State College. In school, Card took classes for gifted students, but he was more interested in studying music—he played clarinet and French horn. He read widely, including historical fiction, nonfiction, and literary classics.[5] At age ten, he wrote his first story, which was about an intelligent child who is assaulted by bullies and sustains brain damage. Ender's confrontation with Stilson in Ender's Game is based on this story.[6]

In 1964, Card and his family moved to Mesa, Arizona, where he participated in mock debates in junior high school. In 1967, the family moved to Orem, Utah, where his father worked at Brigham Young University (BYU). Card attended BYU's laboratory school, where he took both high school and early college-level classes before graduating in one year. When beginning his college studies he intended to major in archeology, but after becoming increasingly more interested in theater, he began script-writing, writing ten original plays and rewriting other students' plays. Most of his plays were based on Mormon history and scriptures; one was science fiction. By watching the body language of an audience, he could tell when an audience was interested in his scripts.[6][7] During his studies as a theater major, he began doctoring scripts, adapting fiction for reader's theater production, and writing one-act and full-length plays, several of which were produced by faculty directors at BYU.[8] Charles W. Whitman, Card's play-writing professor, encouraged his students to write plays with LDS themes.[9] Card studied poetry with Clinton F. Larson at BYU.[10] He also wrote short stories, which were later published together in The Worthing Saga.[11]

Before graduating, Card served as a missionary for the LDS Church in Brazil starting in 1971. During his mission, he wrote a play called Stone Tables.[12][13] He returned from his mission in 1973 and graduated from BYU in 1975, receiving a bachelor's degree with distinction in theater.[14][12] After graduation, he started the Utah Valley Repertory Theatre Company, which for two summers produced plays at "the Castle", a Depression-era outdoor amphitheater.[15] After going into debt with the community theatre's expenses,[16] Card took part-time employment as a proofreader at BYU Press, moving on to full-time employment as a copy editor.[17] In 1981, Card completed his master's degree in English at the University of Utah where he studied with François Camoin and Norman Council. He began a doctoral program at the University of Notre Dame but dropped out to pursue his more lucrative writing projects.[18][9]

Personal life

In 1977, Card married Kristine Allen,[19] who is the daughter of Mormon historian James B. Allen.[9] The two met when Kristine was in the chorus of a roadshow Card directed before his mission. They courted after Card's mission, and Card was impressed with her intellectual rigor.[20]: 1:30 

After their marriage, they had five children; their son Charles had cerebral palsy and died aged 17; their daughter Erin died the day she was born.[21][22] Card's short story, Lost Boys, is highly autobiographical, but contains the death of a fictional child. One of Card's workshop readers, Karen Fowler, said that Card had pretended to experience the grief of a parent who has lost a child. In response, Card realized that the story expressed his grief and difficulty in accepting Charles's disability.[1]: 119  Card stated that he rarely discusses Charles and Erin because his grief has not faded over time.[20]: 1:35:15 

Card and his wife live in Greensboro, North Carolina; their daughter Emily, along with two other writers, adapted Card's short stories Clap Hands and Sing, Lifeloop, and A Sepulchre of Songs for the stage in Posing as People.[23] Card suffered a mild stroke on January 1, 2011, and made a full recovery.[21][24]

Works

Main article: Orson Scott Card bibliography

Early work

In 1976 Card became an assistant editor for the Ensign magazine produced by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and moved to Salt Lake City.[25] While working at Ensign, Card published his first piece of fiction,[26] a short story called Gert Fram, which appeared in the July 1977 issue of Ensign under the pseudonym Byron Walley.[27]: 157  Between 1978 and 1988, Card wrote over 300 half-hour audioplays on LDS Church history, the New Testament, and other subjects for Living Scriptures in Ogden, Utah.[28]

Card started writing science fiction short stories because he felt he could sell short stories in that genre more easily than others.[29] His first short story, The Tinker, was initially rejected by Analog Science Fiction and Fact. Ben Bova, the editor of Analog, rejected a rewrite of the story but asked Card to submit a science fiction piece.[30] In response, Card wrote the short story Ender's Game, which Ben Bova published in the August 1977 issue of Analog.[31] Card left Ensign in 1977 and began his career as a freelance writer in 1978.[32][1]: 122  Ben Bova continued to work with Card to publish his stories, and Bova's wife, Barbara Bova, became Card's literary agent, a development that drew criticism for a possible conflict of interest.[33] Nine of Card's science fiction stories, including Malpractice, Kingsmeat, and Happy Head, were published in 1978.[34]

Card modeled Mikal's Songbird on Ender's Game, both of which include a child with special talents who goes through emotional turmoil when adults seek to exploit his ability.[35] Mikal's Songbird was a Nebula Award finalist in 1978 and a Hugo finalist in 1979—both in the "novelette" category.[36][37] Card won the John W. Campbell Award for best new writer in 1978 for his stories published that year; the award helped Card's stories sell internationally.[38] Unaccompanied Sonata was published in 1979 issue of Omni and was nominated for both the Hugo and Nebula awards for a short story.[39][40] Eighteen Card stories were published in 1979.[41]

Card's first published book, "Listen, Mom and Dad...": Young Adults Look Back on Their Upbringing (1977) is about child-rearing. He received advances for the manuscripts of Hot Sleep and A Planet Called Treason, which were published in 1979.[42][43] Card later called his first two novels "amateurish" and rewrote both of them later.[44] A publisher offered to buy a novelization of Mikal's Songbird, which Card accepted; the finished novel is titled Songmaster (1980).[45] Card edited fantasy anthologies Dragons of Light (1980) and Dragons of Darkness (1981) and collected his own short stories in Unaccompanied Sonata and Other Stories (1981). In the early 1980s, Card focused on writing longer works, only publishing ten short stories between 1980 and 1985. He published a few non-fiction works that were aimed at an LDS audience; these include a satirical dictionary called Saintspeak, which resulted in him being temporarily banned from publishing in church magazines.[46] Card wrote the fantasy-epic Hart's Hope (1983) and a historical novel, A Woman of Destiny (1984), which was later republished as Saints and won the 1985 award from the Association for Mormon Letters for best novel.[41] He rewrote the narrative of Hot Sleep and published it as The Worthing Chronicle (1983), which replaced Hot Sleep and the short-story collection set in the same universe, Capitol (1979).[18] The recession of the early 1980s made it difficult to get contracts for new books, so Card returned to full-time employment as the book editor of Compute! magazine that was based in Greensboro, North Carolina, for nine months in 1983.[47] In October of that year, Tom Doherty offered a contract for Card's proposed Alvin Maker series, which allowed him to return to creative writing full-time.[48]

Late 1980s: Ender's Game and short stories

See also: Ender's Game (novel series)

Card's 1977 novella Ender's Game is about a young boy who undergoes military training for space war. Card expanded the story into a novel with the same title and told the backstory of the adult Ender in Speaker for the Dead. In contrast to the fast-paced Ender's Game, Speaker for the Dead is about honesty and maturity.[49] Ender's Game and Speaker for the Dead were both awarded the Hugo Award and the Nebula Award, making Card the first author to win both of science fiction's top prizes in consecutive years.[50][51] According to Card, some members of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) resented his receiving of the Nebula award while editing the Nebula Awards Report. Subsequently, Card left the SFWA.[52] Card attended many science fiction conventions in the late 1980s. He held several "Secular Humanist Revival Meetings" at the conventions, satirizing Evangelical revival meetings.[53][54][46]

Card continued to write short stories and columns and published two short story collections: Cardography (1987) and The Folk of the Fringe (1989). The novella Eye for Eye was republished with another novella by Tor and won the Hugo Award for best novella in 1988.[55][56] Between 1987 and 1989, Card edited and published a short science fiction review magazine called Short Form.[46][57] He also wrote Characters & Viewpoint (1988) and How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy (1990).[58] Card also offered advice about writing in an interview in Leading Edge #23 in 1991.[59] He wrote the script for an updated Hill Cumorah Pageant in 1988.[60]

Inspired by Spenser's Faerie Queene, Card composed the long poem Prentice Alvin and the No-Good Plow, which uses colloquial language and diction common to Joseph Smith's time. The poem, along with the novelette "Hatrack River",[61] became the basis for Seventh Son (1987), the first book in The Tales of Alvin Maker series, a fantasy retelling of the Joseph Smith story. In the alternate history novel, Alvin Maker, the seventh son of a seventh son, is born with unusual magical abilities that make him a "Maker". Alvin has many similarities to Joseph Smith. Following Seventh Son, he wrote Red Prophet and Prentice Alvin, which focus on settlers' interactions with indigenous peoples and slaves, respectively.[58][62][63] The series has sustainable environmental ethics as a main theme, addressing ways humans affect the environment in the Americas.[61] Alvin Maker's life has many parallels with Joseph Smith's. Seventh Son won the 1988 Mythopoeic Fantasy award, and the two following books were nominees.[64] The awards are given to books that exemplify "the spirit of The Inklings".[65] Critics praised Seventh Son for creating an American mythology from American experience and belief.[66] According to literary critic Eugene England, the series brings up questions about what, exactly, the mission of a religious prophet is. The series also questions the difference between a prophet and magician, religion and magic.[67]

In the 1980s, Card also wrote Wyrms (1987), a novel about colonizing a planet, and revised A Planet Called Treason, which was published as Treason.[58] He also novelized James Cameron's film The Abyss.[68][69]

Works from the 1990s

Card wrote prolifically in the 1990s, including many books and the short story omnibus Maps in a Mirror (1990). Card continued the Ender's Game series with Xenocide (1991) and Children of the Mind (1996), which focus on Jane, an artificial intelligence that develops self-awareness. These books were considered inferior to their predecessors and were, according to science fiction critic Gary Westfahl, "overly prolonged".[70][51]

While Children of the Mind concluded the initial Ender's Game series, Card started another series of books and continued writing in The Tales of Alvin Maker series. The Homecoming Saga is a science-fiction adaptation of The Book of Mormon.[71] The series' volumes; The Memory of Earth, The Call of Earth, The Ships of Earth, Earthfall, and Earthborn were published between 1992 and 1995.[72] Alvin Journeyman (1995), the fourth book in The Tales of Alvin Maker series, won a Locus Award, and Heartfire (1998) was a nominee for the same award.[73][74]

Card wrote several stand-alone novels in the 1990s. Pastwatch: The Redemption of Christopher Columbus (1996) examines time travel and Christopher Columbus.[75] Card collaborated with Star Wars artist Doug Chiang on Robota[76] and with Kathryn H. Kidd on Lovelock.[77] Lost Boys (1992) is a horror story with a semi-autobiographical background.[78] Treasure Box (1996) and Homebody (1998) represent Card's foray in horror. Enchantment (1999) is a fantasy novel based on the Russian version of Sleeping Beauty.[79][80] It deals with a couple who learn to love each other after they marry. Card stated: "I put all my love for my wife into [Enchantment]."[20]: 1:06 

Shadow series and later writings

In 1999, Card started a spin-off "shadow" series in the Ender's Game universe that is told from the point of view of other characters. These novels are Ender's Shadow, Shadow of the Hegemon, Shadow Puppets, Shadow of the Giant and Shadows in Flight, the latter serving as a bridge to the final book The Last Shadow, which is also a sequel to Children of the Mind.[81][82] Westfahl praised the Shadow series, stating they were "executed with panache and skill".[51] Card wrote other spin-offs: a series of shorter stories, First Meetings in the Enderverse, and novels A War of Gifts,[83] and Ender in Exile.[84][85] Aaron Johnston and Card conceptualized the stories that make up the prequel to Ender's Game, realizing many of them would work best in novel format but first publishing the comics through Marvel. The Burning Earth and Silent Strike comic series were published in 2011 and 2012.[86][87][88] Card and Johnston co-wrote the novels in the series between 2012 and 2019; these are Earth Unaware, Earth Afire, Earth Awakens, The Swarm, and The Hive. Children of the Fleet is the first novel in a new sequel series, called Fleet School.[89][90][88]

While Card was writing books in the Shadow series, he also wrote novellas, novels, and a series of books focused on women in the Bible. Card's The Women of Genesis series includes Sarah (2000), Rebekah (2002), and Rachel and Leah (2004).[91] Card wrote three novellas in the 2000s; Space Boy (2007) is a children's story, Hamlet's Father (2008) is a retelling of Shakespeare's Hamlet, and Stonefather (2008) is the first story set in the Mithermages universe.[92][93][94] The Crystal City (2003) is the sixth book in The Alvin Maker series.[61]

Card wrote two young-adult fantasy trilogies in the 2010s. Mithermages is about a teenager growing up on a magical estate in rural Virginia; it includes The Lost Gate (2011), The Gate Thief (2013), and Gatefather (2015).[89][95] The Pathfinder trilogy consists of Pathfinder (2010), Ruins (2012), and Visitors (2014), and follows a young man who can change the past.[96][89] Card has also written several urban fantasies, including Magic Street (2005) and Lost and Found (2019), both of which are about teenagers with special powers.[97][98]

Card wrote the Christmas novel Zanna's Gift (2004), which was originally published under a pseudonym.[99] A Town Divided by Christmas and a "Hallmark Christmas movie in prose" were published in 2018.[100] Invasive Procedures (2007), a medical thriller co-written with Aaron Johnston, is based on a screenplay Johnston wrote, which is based on Card's novel Malpractice.[101]

Video games, comic books and television

In the 1990s, Card contributed dialogue to the point-and-click adventure video games The Secret of Monkey Island, The Dig, and NeoHunter, an early first-person shooter.[102][103] His collaboration on videogame scripts continued in the 2000s, when he worked with Cameron Dayton on Advent Rising[104][105] and outlined the story for Shadow Complex, a prequel to the events in his novels Empire and Hidden Empire. The novels and game are about a near-future civil war in the United States that occurs after civilians resist a left-wing coup in the White House.[51][106][107]

Card has written scripts for the two-volume comic-book series Ultimate Iron Man.[108] He collaborated with his daughters Emily and Zina on the graphic novel Laddertop,[109][110] and with Aaron Johnston to write a series of six Dragon Age comics.[111] In 2017, Card wrote, produced, and co-created a television series called Extinct for BYU TV that ran for one season before it was canceled.[112][113]

Adaptations

See also: Ender's Game (comics)

Many of Card's works have been adapted into comic books. Dabel Brothers Productions published comic-book adaptations of Red Prophet and Wyrms in 2006.[114] Aaron Johnston wrote comic-book versions of Ender in Exile and Speaker for the Dead.[115] Marvel published two Ender's Game miniseries, which were collected in the graphic novel version of Ender's Game; Christ Yost wrote the script and Pasqual Ferry was the artist.[116][117] Two sets of comic miniseries were adapted by Mike Carey for Ender's Shadow and the comics collected in Ender's Shadow Ultimate Collection.[118] A series of one-shots, some of which are based on Card's Enderverse short stories, were collected in Ender's Game: War of Gifts.[119][120][121]

Since Ender's Game was published in 1985, Card was reluctant to license film rights and artistic control for the novel. He had two opportunities to sell the rights of Ender's Game to Hollywood studios, but refused when creative differences became an issue.[122][123] Card announced in February 2009 that he had completed a script for Odd Lot Entertainment, and that they had begun assembling a production team.[124] On April 28, 2011, it was announced that Summit Entertainment had picked up the film's distribution, and Digital Domain joined Odd Lot Entertainment in a co-production role.[125] Card wrote many versions of the script for the movie,[126] but ultimately director Gavin Hood wrote the screenplay. Card was a co-producer of the film.[127][128][129] On Rotten Tomatoes, the critical consensus states: "If it isn't quite as thought-provoking as the book, Ender's Game still manages to offer a commendable number of well-acted, solidly written sci-fi thrills."[130]

Newspaper columns

Since 2001, Card's commentary includes the political columns "War Watch",[131] "World Watch",[132] and "Uncle Orson Reviews Everything", which were published in the Greensboro Rhinoceros Times until 2019.[133][134] "Uncle Orson Reviews Everything" features personal reviews of films and commentary on other topics. The column also appears on Card's website, which is titled "Hatrack River".[135] From 2008 to 2015, Card wrote a column of Latter-day Saint devotional and cultural commentary for the Nauvoo Times, which was published through Hatrack River.[136]

Influences and style

Influences

During his childhood, Card read widely. He read children's classics and popular novels.[137] His favorite book was Mark Twain's The Prince and the Pauper, and he read his family's World Book Encyclopedia in its entirety. He read science fiction stories in anthologies and science fiction novels.[5][138][33] He especially credits Tunesmith by Lloyd Biggle Jr. as having a large effect on his life.[5] Card often refers to works by Robert A. Heinlein and J. R. R. Tolkien as sources of inspiration.[139] Card credits C. S. Lewis's apologetic fiction in the Chronicles of Narnia and The Screwtape Letters[140]: 1:17:50  as influences that shaped his life and career.[141] In 2014, Card stated that Isaac Asimov and Ray Bradbury were conscious influences on his writing, along with Early Modern English from the King James Version of the Bible and the works of William Shakespeare.[142] As a college student, Card read classic literature, science fiction, and fantasy.[139] Spenser's poetry inspired the original Prentice Alvin and the No-Good Plow.[62][143] Influences from Portuguese and Brazilian Catholicism, which Card learned about during his LDS mission to Brazil, are evident in his Shadow and Speaker novels.[12] Card stated his writing improved after teaching writing workshops with Jay Wentworth and from Algis Budrys's workshops at Writers of the Future.[9]

Card's membership of the LDS Church has been an important influence on his writing, though he initially tried to keep his religious beliefs separate from his fiction.[144][145] Susanne Reid, a science fiction scholar,[146] stated Card's religious background is evident in his frequent messiah protagonists and the "moral seriousness" in his works.[147][148] Card's science-fiction books do not reference the LDS religion directly but "offer careful readers insights that are compelling and moving in their religious intensity".[149] Non-LDS readers of A Planet Called Treason did not remark on religious themes; however, LDS reviewer Sandy Straubhaar disliked the novel's explicit violence and sex and stated LDS connections were "gratuitous".[149] Dick Butler criticized A Planet Called Treason for its lack of Gospel themes and ideas, and two other LDS reviewers defended Card.[150] According to Michael Collings, a critic who acknowledges his "unabashed appreciation" of Card,[151] knowledge of Mormon theology is vital to completely understanding Card's works, stating the life stages of the "piggies" in Speaker for the Dead correspond to phases of life in the LDS's plan of salvation.[152]In an article in Sunstone, Christopher C. Smith also noticed this parallel, noting that the "piggies" procreate "more or less eternally" in the last stage of their development.[153] Ender's Game and Speaker for the Dead deal with religious themes common in LDS theology but without many surface references to the religion.[154] The Alvin Maker series does not try to explain Mormon history but uses it to examine his characters' relationships with God.[155] Card stated that his church membership influences his communitarian values, specifically, making personal sacrifices for the good of a community. Individuals making sacrifices for their community is a theme in his work.[156]

Card's Homecoming Saga is a dramatization of Book of Mormon. Eugene England called the first five novels "good literature". Card received criticism from members of the LDS church for "plagiarizing" the Book of Mormon and using it irreverently. He defended his choices and said speculative fiction is the genre best suited to exploring theological and moral issues.[157] Also in the Homecoming Saga, Card imagines backstories and explanations for "anomalies" in the Book of Mormon, making the fictional work function as a work of Mormon apologetics.[158] While women are not prominent in the Book of Mormon, Card makes them prominent in his retelling.[159] One non-LDS critic described the saga as "readable" but lacking in new ideas.[160] Unaware of its relation to the Book of Mormon, another critic said it is similar to the Bible.[161]

Style

Because Card began his writing career in screenplays, his early work is considered accessible and fast-paced with good characters but stylistically unremarkable. According to biographer Richard Bleiler, a number of critics described his tone as emotionless or conversely, as nonjudgmental, leaving readers to come to their own conclusions about how to feel about a story.[162] Though Card was initially classified as a hard science fiction writer for publishing in Analog,[163] his science fiction focuses more on his characters than on the details of future technology.[162] One critic said Card is poor at characterization, stating the characters Peter and Valentine in Ender's Game are "totally unbelievable".[164] While noticing that some of Card's early stories were formulaic, Westfahl praised many of Card's early stories as showing "conspicuous originality".[165] The graphic violence in his early fiction was controversial; frequent appearances of naked men and boys raised "questions about homoerotic imagery", according to Westfahl.[166] Collings stated that the early stories are "essential steps in the development of Card's fiction".[167] Card uses a technique common in pulp fiction when he refers to characters by a quirk of their appearance or personality.[51] Card's fantasy stories also use tropes that are common to fantasy.[168]

Card cites the Book of Mormon as an important influence on his writing; his habit of beginning sentences with conjunctions comes from the book.[169] Literary devices in Hot Sleep parallel those of the Book of Mormon.[170] Collings said Hot Sleep's mimicry of Book of Mormon language makes it an "inherently" Mormon novel. Card combined several Worthing stories and revised Hot Sleep to create The Worthing Chronicle, which does not mirror the language of the Book of Mormon as much as Hot Sleep does.[171]

Themes

Child-genius savior

One theme in Card's works is that of a precocious child who is isolated from others but is uniquely positioned to help or save their community. These characters with exceptional abilities achieve their destiny "through discipline and suffering".[172] Often, his gifted protagonists are introspective children.[173] Card's work features children and adults working together, which is unusual.[166] His characters feel "real" and must grow and take on responsibilities and often sacrifice themselves to improve their own societies.[162] This sacrifice is a difficult choice in which none of the options are obviously good.[174] These protagonists have unusual abilities that are both a blessing and a curse. The protagonists, who are isolated from family and friends, relate better to adults than to other young people; when they grow up, they often mentor other precocious youths.[175][176] Alvin Maker follows this pattern; his magical abilities are very unusual and he uses them to redeem his people.[143]

According to Collings, Card's protagonists are "lonely and manipulative Messiah-figures" who make sacrifices that can be interpreted as a declaration of principles. Family and community problems arise when individuals are not fully accepted or when communities do not work with others in larger units.[177][51] Often one group tries to kill or enslave another group, but their conflict is alleviated when they try to understand each other.[178] Protagonists make choices that save a person or a group of people.[174] In The Porcelain Salamander, a girl is saved by a magical salamander; this action restores her ability to move but she takes on some attributes of the salamander.[179] In Kingsmeat the Shepherd painlessly excises meat from humans to save them from being completely eaten by their alien overlords. The violence of removing parts of people is like the violence of repentance.[180] Collings states part of this story "could serve as an epigram of all Card's fictions; trapped within a circle of opposing forces, one focal character must decide whether or not to become, like Ender Wiggin, 'something of a savior, or a prophet, or at least a martyr' ."[181]

The original short story Ender's Game is reminiscent of Heinlein's young adult novels because it is about a young person with impressive gifts who is guided by a stern mentor whose choices affect all of humanity.[165] The situations and choices in the Ender series invoke a number of philosophical topics, including the rules of war, embodiment psychology, the ethics of anthropology and xenology, and the morality of manipulating children.[182] Though Card described Happy Head (1978) as an embarrassment, it anticipated cyberpunk fiction with an investigator judge who can experience memories with witnesses. Both A Thousand Deaths (1978) and Unaccompanied Sonata feature protagonists who rebel against the dystopias they inhabit.[183]

American politics

In a May 2013 essay called "Unlikely Events", which Card presented as an experiment in fiction-writing,[184] Card described an alternative future in which President Barack Obama ruled as a "Hitler- or Stalin-style dictator" with his own national police force of young unemployed men; Obama and his wife Michelle would have amended the U.S. Constitution to allow presidents to remain in power for life, as in Nigeria, Zimbabwe, and Nazi Germany.[185][186] In the essay, first published in The Rhinoceros Times, Card attributed Obama's success to being a "black man who talks like a white man (that's what they mean by calling him "articulate" and a "great speaker")."[187]: 66  The essay drew criticism from journalists for its allusions to Obama's race and its reference to "urban gangs".[188][189][190] Vice author Dave Schilling featured the article in his "This Week in Racism" roundup several months after its publication.[191]

Empire (2006) is a novel about civil war between progressive and conservative extremists in America. It was a finalist for the Prometheus Award, an award given by the Libertarian Futurist Society.[192] Publishers Weekly stated that "right-wing rhetoric trumps the logic of story and character" in the novel.[193] Another review from Publishers Weekly noted that "Card's conservative bias seeps into" the novel.[194] At SFReviews, Thomas Wagner took further issue with Card's tendency to "smugly pretend[...] to be above it all", or claiming to be moderate while espousing conservative views of news media.[195] In an interview with Mythaxis Review in April 2021, Card stated that he writes fiction "without conscious agenda".[196]

Homosexuality

In Card's fiction writing, homosexual characters appear in contexts that some critics have interpreted as homophobic. Writing for Salon, Aja Romano lists the "homophobic subtext"[197] of characters in four of Card's books. In Songmaster, a man falls in love with a 15-year-old castrato in a pederastic society. Their sexual union has "creepy overtones" that makes the teenager "unable to have sex again".[197] On the topic of Songmaster, Card wrote that he was not trying to show homosexual sex as beautiful. Romano wrote that the book's "main plot point revolve[d] around punishing homosexual sex".[197] In the Homecoming series, a gay male character, Zdorab, marries and procreates for the good of society. Romano notes that Zdorab does not stop being gay after his marriage, but that procreation is paramount in the book's society. Eugene England defends Zdorab, arguing that he is a sympathetic character who discovered that his homosexuality was determined by his mother's hormone levels during pregnancy. Therefore, Card acknowledges that homosexuality is not a character trait that can be erased or reversed. While Zdorab marries and has children, he sees his choice to become a father as very deliberate and not "out of some inborn instinct".[198]

Card's 2008 novella Hamlet's Father re-imagines the backstory of Shakespeare's play Hamlet. In the novella, Hamlet's friends were sexually abused as children by his pedophilic father and subsequently identify as homosexual adults. The novella prompted public outcry. and its publishers were inundated with complaints.[199][200] Trade journal Publishers Weekly criticized Card's work, stating its main purpose was to attempt to link homosexuality with pedophilia.[201] Card responded that he did not link homosexuality with pedophilia, stating that in his book, Hamlet's father was a pedophile that shows no sexual attraction to adults of either sex.[202]

Views

Politics

Card became a member of the U.S. Democratic Party in 1976 and has on multiple occasions referred to himself as a Moynihan or Blue Dog Democrat, as recently as 2020.[156][203] [204]: 0:58:09  Card supported Republican presidential candidate John McCain in 2008[205] and Newt Gingrich in 2012.[206] In 2016 he followed the "hold your nose, vote Trump" hashtag and voted accordingly.[204]: 1:01:10  According to Salon, Card's views are close to neoconservative.[197] Card has described himself as a moral conservative,[207][156] Card was a vocal supporter of the U.S.'s War on Terror.[208][209] In a 2020 interview with Ben Shapiro, Card stated that he was not a conservative because he has beliefs that do not align with typical conservative platforms, including desiring liberal immigration laws, gun control, and abolishing the death penalty.[204]: 0:58:49  In 2000, Card said he believed government has a duty to protect citizens from capitalism.[210]

Homosexuality

Card has publicly declared his support of laws against homosexual activity and same-sex marriage.[197][211] Card's 1990 essay "A Changed Man: The Hypocrites of Homosexuality" was first published in Sunstone[212] and republished in his collection of non-fiction essays, A Storyteller in Zion.[213] In the essay, he argued that laws against homosexual behavior should not be "indiscriminately enforced against anyone who happens to be caught violating them, but [used only] when necessary to send a clear message [to] those who flagrantly violate society's regulation". Card also questioned in a 2004 column the notion that homosexuality was a purely innate or genetic trait and asserted that a range of environmental factors also contributed to its development, including abuse.[214] However, in an introduction to a reprint of his essay, Card wrote that since 2003, when the US Supreme Court had ruled those laws unconstitutional, he has "no interest in criminalizing homosexual acts".[215]

Card has stated there is no need to legalize same-sex marriage and that he opposes efforts to do so.[214] In 2008, he wrote in an opinion piece in the Deseret News that relationships between same-sex couples would always be different from those between opposite-sex couples, and that if a government were to say otherwise, "married people" would "act to destroy" it as their "mortal enemy".[216][217] In 2012, Card supported North Carolina Amendment 1, a ballot measure to outlaw same-sex marriage in North Carolina, saying the legalization of gay marriage was a slippery slope upon which the political left would make it "illegal to teach traditional values in the schools".[218] In 2009, Card joined the board of directors of the National Organization for Marriage, a group that campaigns against same-sex marriage.[219] Card resigned from the board in mid-2013.[220] In July 2013, one week after the U.S. Supreme Court issued rulings in two cases that were widely interpreted as favoring recognition of same-sex marriages, Card published in Entertainment Weekly a statement saying the same-sex marriage issue is moot because of the Supreme Court's decision on the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA).[221]

Card's views have had professional repercussions. In 2013, he was selected as a guest author for DC Comics' new Adventures of Superman comic book series,[222] but controversy over his views on homosexuality led illustrator Chris Sprouse to leave the project. An online petition to drop the story received over 16,000 signatures, and DC Comics put Card's story on hold indefinitely.[223][224] A few months later, an LGBT non-profit organization[225] Geeks OUT proposed a boycott of the movie adaptation of Ender's Game, calling Card's views "anti-gay"[226][227] and causing the movie studio Lionsgate to publicly distance itself from Card's opinions.[228]

Awards and legacy

Card won the ALA Margaret Edwards Award, which recognizes one writer and a particular body of work for "significant and lasting contributions to young adult literature",[229] in 2008 for his contribution in writing for teenagers; his work was selected by a panel of YA librarians.[230] Card said he was unsure his work was suitable for the award because it was never marketed as "young adult".[231] In the same year, Card won the Lifetime Achievement Award for Mormon writers at the Whitney Awards.[232]

In 1978, the Harold B. Lee Library acquired the Orson Scott Card papers, which include Card's works, writing notes, and letters. The collection was formally opened in 2007.[233][234][235] Stephenie Meyer, Brandon Sanderson, and Dave Wolverton have cited Card's works as a major influence.[236][237][238] In addition, Card inspired Lindsay Ellis's novel Axiom's End.[239]

Card has also won numerous awards for single works:

Other activities

Since 1994, Card has served as a judge for Writers of the Future, a science fiction and fantasy story contest for amateur writers.[256] In late 2005, Card launched Orson Scott Card's InterGalactic Medicine Show, an online fantasy and science fiction magazine.[257] In 2005, Card accepted a permanent appointment as "distinguished professor" at Southern Virginia University in Buena Vista, Virginia, a small liberal arts college.[258] Card has served on the boards of a number of organizations, including public television station UNC-TV (2013–present)[259] and the National Organization for Marriage (2009–2013).[260]

Card taught a course on novel writing at Pepperdine University, which was sponsored by Michael Collings. Afterwards, Card designed his own writing courses called "Uncle Orson's Writing Course" and "literary boot camp".[9] Eric James Stone, Jamie Ford, Brian McClellan, Mette Ivie Harrison and John Brown have attended Card's literary boot camp.[261] Luc Reid, founder of the Codex Writers Group is also a literary book camp alumnus.[262] Card has been a Special Guest and/or Literary Guest of Honor and Keynote Speaker at the Life, the Universe, & Everything professional science fiction and fantasy arts symposium, on at least six separate occasions: 1983, 1986, 1987, 1997, 2008, 2014.[263]

See also

References

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  263. ^ "Life, the Universe, & Everything 32: The Marion K. "Doc" Smith Symposium on Science Fiction and Fantasy" (PDF). LTUE Press. February 1, 2014.

Works cited

  • Beswick, Norman (1989). "Amblick and After: Aspects of Orson Scott Card". Foundation. 45 (Spring 1989).
  • Bleiler, Richard (1989). "Card, Orson Scott". In Fletcher, Marilyn P.; Thorson, James L. (eds.). Reader's Guide to Twentieth-Century Science Fiction. Chicago and London: American Library Association. ISBN 9780838905043.
  • Collings, Michael (2001). Storyteller: Orson Scott Card. Overlook Connection Press. ISBN 1892950499.
  • Collings, Michael R. (2014). Orson Scott Card: Penetrating to the Gentle Heart. CreateSpace. ISBN 978-1-4991-2412-5.
  • England, Eugene (1994). "Orson Scott Card: The Book of Mormon as History and Science Fiction". Review of Books on the Book of Mormon. 6 (2). Retrieved January 29, 2020.
  • England, Eugene (1990). "Orson Scott Card: How a Great Science Fictionist Uses the Book of Mormon Reviewed Work(s): The Folk of the Fringe. The Tales of Alvin Maker, including these volumes: Seventh Son. The Red Prophet. Prentice Alvin by Orson Scott Card". Review of Books on the Book of Mormon. 2.
  • Lupoff, Richard A. (1991). "Card, Orson Scott". In Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul E. (eds.). Twentieth-Century Science-Fiction Writers (3rd ed.). Chicago and London: St. James Press.
  • Nicol, Charles (March 1992). "Mormon and Mammon". Science Fiction Studies. 19 (1): 128–130. JSTOR 4240132.
  • Oziewicz, Marek (2008). One Earth, One People: The Mythopoeic Fantasy Series of Ursula K. Le Guin, Lloyd Alexander, Madeline L'Engle and Orson Scott Card. McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 9780786431359.
  • Reid, Suzanne Elizabeth (1998). "A New Master: Orson Scott Card". Presenting Young Adult Science Fiction. Twayne Publishers. ISBN 080571653X.
  • Smith, Christopher C. (March 2011). "Sacred Sci-Fi: Orson Scott Card as Mormon Mythmaker" (PDF). Sunstone.
  • Samuelson, Scott (1996). "The Tales of Alvin Maker". In Shippey, T.A.; Sobczak, A.J. (eds.). McGill's Guide to Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature. Vol. 4. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press Inc.
  • Tyson, Edith S. (2003). Orson Scott Card: Writer of the Terrible Choice. Lantham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 0810847906.
  • Van Name, Mark L. (1988). "Writer of the Year: Orson Scott Card". In Collins, Robert A.; Latham, Robert (eds.). Science Fiction & Fantasy Book Review Annual 1988. Westport: Meckler. ISBN 0887362494. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  • Westfahl, Gary (1998). "Orson Scott Card". In Bleiler, Richard (ed.). Science Fiction Writers: Critical Studies of the Major Authors from the Early Nineteenth Century to the Present Day (Second ed.). Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0684805936.
  • Westfahl, Gary (2005). "Hard Science Fiction". In Seed, David (ed.). A Companion to Science Fiction. ISBN 1405112182.
  • Willett, Edward (2006). Orson Scott Card: Architect of Alternate Worlds. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers. ISBN 0766023540.
  • Wittkower, D.E.; Rush, Lucinda, eds. (2013). Ender's game and philosophy: genocide is child's play. Open Court. ISBN 9780812698343.

Further reading

  • Card Catalogue: The Science Fiction and Fantasy of Orson Scott Card, Michael R. Collings, Hypatia Press, 1987, ISBN 0-940841-01-0
  • The Work of Orson Scott Card: An Annotated Bibliography and Guide, Michael R. Collings and Boden Clarke, 1997
  • Storyteller: The Official Guide to the Works of Orson Scott Card, Michael R. Collings, Overlook Connection Press, 2001, ISBN 1-892950-26-X
  • Hillstrom, Kevin, ed. (2004). Biography Today: Authors Vol. 14 (PDF). Detroit, Michigan: Omnigraphics. ISBN 0780806522. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  • Stout, W. Bryan (July 1, 1989). "Seventh Son; Red Prophet; Prentice Alvin Orson Scott Card". BYU Studies Quarterly. 29 (3): 114. Retrieved September 26, 2019.

External links

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Orson Scott Card.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orson Scott Card.

May 09, 2023
orson, scott, card, born, august, 1951, american, writer, known, best, science, fiction, works, first, 2022, only, person, both, hugo, award, nebula, award, consecutive, years, winning, both, awards, both, novel, ender, game, 1985, sequel, speaker, dead, 1986,. Orson Scott Card born August 24 1951 is an American writer known best for his science fiction works He is the first and as of 2022 only person to win both a Hugo Award and a Nebula Award in consecutive years winning both awards for both his novel Ender s Game 1985 and its sequel Speaker for the Dead 1986 A feature film adaptation of Ender s Game which Card co produced was released in 2013 Card also wrote the Locus Fantasy Award winning series The Tales of Alvin Maker 1987 2003 Orson Scott CardCard at Life the Universe amp Everything in 2008Born 1951 08 24 August 24 1951 age 71 Richland Washington U S Pen nameFrederick BlissBrian GreenP Q GumpDinah KirkhamScott RichardsByron WalleyOccupationAuthor critic playwright script writer poet public speaker essayist professor of writing and literatureLanguageEnglishAlma materBrigham Young University BA University of Utah MA Genrescience fictionfantasythrillerhorrorhistorical fiction and fantasy and biblical fictionLDS fictionNotable worksEnder s Game series The Tales of Alvin MakerNotable awardsHugo Award Ender s Game 1986 Hugo Award Speaker for the Dead 1987 Hugo Award How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy 1991 Nebula Award Ender s Game 1986 Nebula Award Speaker for the Dead 1987 Nebula Award Eye for Eye 1988 SpouseKristine Allen CardChildren5SignatureWebsitewww wbr hatrack wbr comCard s works were influenced by classic literature popular fantasy and science fiction he often uses tropes from genre fiction His background as a screenwriter has helped Card make his works accessible Card s early fiction is original but contains graphic violence His fiction often features characters with exceptional gifts who make difficult choices with high stakes Card has also written political religious and social commentary in his columns and other writing Card s opposition to homosexuality has provoked public criticism Card who is a great great grandson of Brigham Young was born in Richland Washington and grew up in Utah and California While he was a student at Brigham Young University BYU his plays were performed on stage He served in Brazil as a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints LDS Church and headed a community theater for two summers Card had twenty seven short stories published between 1978 and 1979 and won the John W Campbell Award for best new writer in 1978 He earned a master s degree in English from the University of Utah in 1981 and wrote novels in science fiction fantasy non fiction and historical fiction genres in the 1980s Card continued to write prolifically and published over 50 novels and over 45 short stories 1 Card teaches English at Southern Virginia University he has written two books on creative writing and serves as a judge in the Writers of the Future contest He is a practicing member of LDS Church and has taught many successful writers at his literary boot camps Mormon fiction writers Stephenie Meyer Brandon Sanderson and Dave Wolverton have cited his works as a major influence Contents 1 Life 1 1 Childhood and education 1 2 Personal life 2 Works 2 1 Early work 2 2 Late 1980s Ender s Game and short stories 2 3 Works from the 1990s 2 4 Shadow series and later writings 2 5 Video games comic books and television 2 6 Adaptations 2 7 Newspaper columns 3 Influences and style 3 1 Influences 3 2 Style 4 Themes 4 1 Child genius savior 4 2 American politics 4 3 Homosexuality 5 Views 5 1 Politics 5 2 Homosexuality 6 Awards and legacy 7 Other activities 8 See also 9 References 10 Works cited 11 Further reading 12 External linksLife EditChildhood and education Edit Card right signing autographs at New York Comic Con in 2008 Orson Scott Card was born on August 24 1951 in Richland Washington 2 He is the son of Peggy Jane nee Park and Willard Richards Card and is the third of six children and the older brother of composer and arranger Arlen Card 3 Card s family has Mormon pioneer heritage His direct ancestors include Brigham Young Charles Ora Card Zina P Young Card Zina Young Card Brown and Hugh B Brown 4 When Card was one month old his family moved to San Mateo California so Willard Card could begin a sign painting business When he was three years old the family moved to Salt Lake City Utah so his father could finish his bachelor s degree The family moved to Santa Clara California when Card was six they stayed there for seven years while his father completed his master s degree and worked as a professor at San Jose State College In school Card took classes for gifted students but he was more interested in studying music he played clarinet and French horn He read widely including historical fiction nonfiction and literary classics 5 At age ten he wrote his first story which was about an intelligent child who is assaulted by bullies and sustains brain damage Ender s confrontation with Stilson in Ender s Game is based on this story 6 In 1964 Card and his family moved to Mesa Arizona where he participated in mock debates in junior high school In 1967 the family moved to Orem Utah where his father worked at Brigham Young University BYU Card attended BYU s laboratory school where he took both high school and early college level classes before graduating in one year When beginning his college studies he intended to major in archeology but after becoming increasingly more interested in theater he began script writing writing ten original plays and rewriting other students plays Most of his plays were based on Mormon history and scriptures one was science fiction By watching the body language of an audience he could tell when an audience was interested in his scripts 6 7 During his studies as a theater major he began doctoring scripts adapting fiction for reader s theater production and writing one act and full length plays several of which were produced by faculty directors at BYU 8 Charles W Whitman Card s play writing professor encouraged his students to write plays with LDS themes 9 Card studied poetry with Clinton F Larson at BYU 10 He also wrote short stories which were later published together in The Worthing Saga 11 Before graduating Card served as a missionary for the LDS Church in Brazil starting in 1971 During his mission he wrote a play called Stone Tables 12 13 He returned from his mission in 1973 and graduated from BYU in 1975 receiving a bachelor s degree with distinction in theater 14 12 After graduation he started the Utah Valley Repertory Theatre Company which for two summers produced plays at the Castle a Depression era outdoor amphitheater 15 After going into debt with the community theatre s expenses 16 Card took part time employment as a proofreader at BYU Press moving on to full time employment as a copy editor 17 In 1981 Card completed his master s degree in English at the University of Utah where he studied with Francois Camoin and Norman Council He began a doctoral program at the University of Notre Dame but dropped out to pursue his more lucrative writing projects 18 9 Personal life Edit In 1977 Card married Kristine Allen 19 who is the daughter of Mormon historian James B Allen 9 The two met when Kristine was in the chorus of a roadshow Card directed before his mission They courted after Card s mission and Card was impressed with her intellectual rigor 20 1 30 After their marriage they had five children their son Charles had cerebral palsy and died aged 17 their daughter Erin died the day she was born 21 22 Card s short story Lost Boys is highly autobiographical but contains the death of a fictional child One of Card s workshop readers Karen Fowler said that Card had pretended to experience the grief of a parent who has lost a child In response Card realized that the story expressed his grief and difficulty in accepting Charles s disability 1 119 Card stated that he rarely discusses Charles and Erin because his grief has not faded over time 20 1 35 15 Card and his wife live in Greensboro North Carolina their daughter Emily along with two other writers adapted Card s short stories Clap Hands and Sing Lifeloop and A Sepulchre of Songs for the stage in Posing as People 23 Card suffered a mild stroke on January 1 2011 and made a full recovery 21 24 Works EditMain article Orson Scott Card bibliography Early work Edit In 1976 Card became an assistant editor for the Ensign magazine produced by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints and moved to Salt Lake City 25 While working at Ensign Card published his first piece of fiction 26 a short story called Gert Fram which appeared in the July 1977 issue of Ensign under the pseudonym Byron Walley 27 157 Between 1978 and 1988 Card wrote over 300 half hour audioplays on LDS Church history the New Testament and other subjects for Living Scriptures in Ogden Utah 28 Card started writing science fiction short stories because he felt he could sell short stories in that genre more easily than others 29 His first short story The Tinker was initially rejected by Analog Science Fiction and Fact Ben Bova the editor of Analog rejected a rewrite of the story but asked Card to submit a science fiction piece 30 In response Card wrote the short story Ender s Game which Ben Bova published in the August 1977 issue of Analog 31 Card left Ensign in 1977 and began his career as a freelance writer in 1978 32 1 122 Ben Bova continued to work with Card to publish his stories and Bova s wife Barbara Bova became Card s literary agent a development that drew criticism for a possible conflict of interest 33 Nine of Card s science fiction stories including Malpractice Kingsmeat and Happy Head were published in 1978 34 Card modeled Mikal s Songbird on Ender s Game both of which include a child with special talents who goes through emotional turmoil when adults seek to exploit his ability 35 Mikal s Songbird was a Nebula Award finalist in 1978 and a Hugo finalist in 1979 both in the novelette category 36 37 Card won the John W Campbell Award for best new writer in 1978 for his stories published that year the award helped Card s stories sell internationally 38 Unaccompanied Sonata was published in 1979 issue of Omni and was nominated for both the Hugo and Nebula awards for a short story 39 40 Eighteen Card stories were published in 1979 41 Card s first published book Listen Mom and Dad Young Adults Look Back on Their Upbringing 1977 is about child rearing He received advances for the manuscripts of Hot Sleep and A Planet Called Treason which were published in 1979 42 43 Card later called his first two novels amateurish and rewrote both of them later 44 A publisher offered to buy a novelization of Mikal s Songbird which Card accepted the finished novel is titled Songmaster 1980 45 Card edited fantasy anthologies Dragons of Light 1980 and Dragons of Darkness 1981 and collected his own short stories in Unaccompanied Sonata and Other Stories 1981 In the early 1980s Card focused on writing longer works only publishing ten short stories between 1980 and 1985 He published a few non fiction works that were aimed at an LDS audience these include a satirical dictionary called Saintspeak which resulted in him being temporarily banned from publishing in church magazines 46 Card wrote the fantasy epic Hart s Hope 1983 and a historical novel A Woman of Destiny 1984 which was later republished as Saints and won the 1985 award from the Association for Mormon Letters for best novel 41 He rewrote the narrative of Hot Sleep and published it as The Worthing Chronicle 1983 which replaced Hot Sleep and the short story collection set in the same universe Capitol 1979 18 The recession of the early 1980s made it difficult to get contracts for new books so Card returned to full time employment as the book editor of Compute magazine that was based in Greensboro North Carolina for nine months in 1983 47 In October of that year Tom Doherty offered a contract for Card s proposed Alvin Maker series which allowed him to return to creative writing full time 48 Late 1980s Ender s Game and short stories Edit See also Ender s Game novel series Card s 1977 novella Ender s Game is about a young boy who undergoes military training for space war Card expanded the story into a novel with the same title and told the backstory of the adult Ender in Speaker for the Dead In contrast to the fast paced Ender s Game Speaker for the Dead is about honesty and maturity 49 Ender s Game and Speaker for the Dead were both awarded the Hugo Award and the Nebula Award making Card the first author to win both of science fiction s top prizes in consecutive years 50 51 According to Card some members of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America SFWA resented his receiving of the Nebula award while editing the Nebula Awards Report Subsequently Card left the SFWA 52 Card attended many science fiction conventions in the late 1980s He held several Secular Humanist Revival Meetings at the conventions satirizing Evangelical revival meetings 53 54 46 Card continued to write short stories and columns and published two short story collections Cardography 1987 and The Folk of the Fringe 1989 The novella Eye for Eye was republished with another novella by Tor and won the Hugo Award for best novella in 1988 55 56 Between 1987 and 1989 Card edited and published a short science fiction review magazine called Short Form 46 57 He also wrote Characters amp Viewpoint 1988 and How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy 1990 58 Card also offered advice about writing in an interview in Leading Edge 23 in 1991 59 He wrote the script for an updated Hill Cumorah Pageant in 1988 60 Inspired by Spenser s Faerie Queene Card composed the long poem Prentice Alvin and the No Good Plow which uses colloquial language and diction common to Joseph Smith s time The poem along with the novelette Hatrack River 61 became the basis for Seventh Son 1987 the first book in The Tales of Alvin Maker series a fantasy retelling of the Joseph Smith story In the alternate history novel Alvin Maker the seventh son of a seventh son is born with unusual magical abilities that make him a Maker Alvin has many similarities to Joseph Smith Following Seventh Son he wrote Red Prophet and Prentice Alvin which focus on settlers interactions with indigenous peoples and slaves respectively 58 62 63 The series has sustainable environmental ethics as a main theme addressing ways humans affect the environment in the Americas 61 Alvin Maker s life has many parallels with Joseph Smith s Seventh Son won the 1988 Mythopoeic Fantasy award and the two following books were nominees 64 The awards are given to books that exemplify the spirit of The Inklings 65 Critics praised Seventh Son for creating an American mythology from American experience and belief 66 According to literary critic Eugene England the series brings up questions about what exactly the mission of a religious prophet is The series also questions the difference between a prophet and magician religion and magic 67 In the 1980s Card also wrote Wyrms 1987 a novel about colonizing a planet and revised A Planet Called Treason which was published as Treason 58 He also novelized James Cameron s film The Abyss 68 69 Works from the 1990s Edit Card wrote prolifically in the 1990s including many books and the short story omnibus Maps in a Mirror 1990 Card continued the Ender s Game series with Xenocide 1991 and Children of the Mind 1996 which focus on Jane an artificial intelligence that develops self awareness These books were considered inferior to their predecessors and were according to science fiction critic Gary Westfahl overly prolonged 70 51 While Children of the Mind concluded the initial Ender s Game series Card started another series of books and continued writing in The Tales of Alvin Maker series The Homecoming Saga is a science fiction adaptation of The Book of Mormon 71 The series volumes The Memory of Earth The Call of Earth The Ships of Earth Earthfall and Earthborn were published between 1992 and 1995 72 Alvin Journeyman 1995 the fourth book in The Tales of Alvin Maker series won a Locus Award and Heartfire 1998 was a nominee for the same award 73 74 Card wrote several stand alone novels in the 1990s Pastwatch The Redemption of Christopher Columbus 1996 examines time travel and Christopher Columbus 75 Card collaborated with Star Wars artist Doug Chiang on Robota 76 and with Kathryn H Kidd on Lovelock 77 Lost Boys 1992 is a horror story with a semi autobiographical background 78 Treasure Box 1996 and Homebody 1998 represent Card s foray in horror Enchantment 1999 is a fantasy novel based on the Russian version of Sleeping Beauty 79 80 It deals with a couple who learn to love each other after they marry Card stated I put all my love for my wife into Enchantment 20 1 06 Shadow series and later writings Edit In 1999 Card started a spin off shadow series in the Ender s Game universe that is told from the point of view of other characters These novels are Ender s Shadow Shadow of the Hegemon Shadow Puppets Shadow of the Giant and Shadows in Flight the latter serving as a bridge to the final book The Last Shadow which is also a sequel to Children of the Mind 81 82 Westfahl praised the Shadow series stating they were executed with panache and skill 51 Card wrote other spin offs a series of shorter stories First Meetings in the Enderverse and novels A War of Gifts 83 and Ender in Exile 84 85 Aaron Johnston and Card conceptualized the stories that make up the prequel to Ender s Game realizing many of them would work best in novel format but first publishing the comics through Marvel The Burning Earth and Silent Strike comic series were published in 2011 and 2012 86 87 88 Card and Johnston co wrote the novels in the series between 2012 and 2019 these are Earth Unaware Earth Afire Earth Awakens The Swarm and The Hive Children of the Fleet is the first novel in a new sequel series called Fleet School 89 90 88 While Card was writing books in the Shadow series he also wrote novellas novels and a series of books focused on women in the Bible Card s The Women of Genesis series includes Sarah 2000 Rebekah 2002 and Rachel and Leah 2004 91 Card wrote three novellas in the 2000s Space Boy 2007 is a children s story Hamlet s Father 2008 is a retelling of Shakespeare s Hamlet and Stonefather 2008 is the first story set in the Mithermages universe 92 93 94 The Crystal City 2003 is the sixth book in The Alvin Maker series 61 Card wrote two young adult fantasy trilogies in the 2010s Mithermages is about a teenager growing up on a magical estate in rural Virginia it includes The Lost Gate 2011 The Gate Thief 2013 and Gatefather 2015 89 95 The Pathfinder trilogy consists of Pathfinder 2010 Ruins 2012 and Visitors 2014 and follows a young man who can change the past 96 89 Card has also written several urban fantasies including Magic Street 2005 and Lost and Found 2019 both of which are about teenagers with special powers 97 98 Card wrote the Christmas novel Zanna s Gift 2004 which was originally published under a pseudonym 99 A Town Divided by Christmas and a Hallmark Christmas movie in prose were published in 2018 100 Invasive Procedures 2007 a medical thriller co written with Aaron Johnston is based on a screenplay Johnston wrote which is based on Card s novel Malpractice 101 Video games comic books and television Edit In the 1990s Card contributed dialogue to the point and click adventure video games The Secret of Monkey Island The Dig and NeoHunter an early first person shooter 102 103 His collaboration on videogame scripts continued in the 2000s when he worked with Cameron Dayton on Advent Rising 104 105 and outlined the story for Shadow Complex a prequel to the events in his novels Empire and Hidden Empire The novels and game are about a near future civil war in the United States that occurs after civilians resist a left wing coup in the White House 51 106 107 Card has written scripts for the two volume comic book series Ultimate Iron Man 108 He collaborated with his daughters Emily and Zina on the graphic novel Laddertop 109 110 and with Aaron Johnston to write a series of six Dragon Age comics 111 In 2017 Card wrote produced and co created a television series called Extinct for BYU TV that ran for one season before it was canceled 112 113 Adaptations Edit See also Ender s Game comics Many of Card s works have been adapted into comic books Dabel Brothers Productions published comic book adaptations of Red Prophet and Wyrms in 2006 114 Aaron Johnston wrote comic book versions of Ender in Exile and Speaker for the Dead 115 Marvel published two Ender s Game miniseries which were collected in the graphic novel version of Ender s Game Christ Yost wrote the script and Pasqual Ferry was the artist 116 117 Two sets of comic miniseries were adapted by Mike Carey for Ender s Shadow and the comics collected in Ender s Shadow Ultimate Collection 118 A series of one shots some of which are based on Card s Enderverse short stories were collected in Ender s Game War of Gifts 119 120 121 Since Ender s Game was published in 1985 Card was reluctant to license film rights and artistic control for the novel He had two opportunities to sell the rights of Ender s Game to Hollywood studios but refused when creative differences became an issue 122 123 Card announced in February 2009 that he had completed a script for Odd Lot Entertainment and that they had begun assembling a production team 124 On April 28 2011 it was announced that Summit Entertainment had picked up the film s distribution and Digital Domain joined Odd Lot Entertainment in a co production role 125 Card wrote many versions of the script for the movie 126 but ultimately director Gavin Hood wrote the screenplay Card was a co producer of the film 127 128 129 On Rotten Tomatoes the critical consensus states If it isn t quite as thought provoking as the book Ender s Game still manages to offer a commendable number of well acted solidly written sci fi thrills 130 Newspaper columns Edit Since 2001 Card s commentary includes the political columns War Watch 131 World Watch 132 and Uncle Orson Reviews Everything which were published in the Greensboro Rhinoceros Times until 2019 133 134 Uncle Orson Reviews Everything features personal reviews of films and commentary on other topics The column also appears on Card s website which is titled Hatrack River 135 From 2008 to 2015 Card wrote a column of Latter day Saint devotional and cultural commentary for the Nauvoo Times which was published through Hatrack River 136 Influences and style EditInfluences Edit During his childhood Card read widely He read children s classics and popular novels 137 His favorite book was Mark Twain s The Prince and the Pauper and he read his family s World Book Encyclopedia in its entirety He read science fiction stories in anthologies and science fiction novels 5 138 33 He especially credits Tunesmith by Lloyd Biggle Jr as having a large effect on his life 5 Card often refers to works by Robert A Heinlein and J R R Tolkien as sources of inspiration 139 Card credits C S Lewis s apologetic fiction in the Chronicles of Narnia and The Screwtape Letters 140 1 17 50 as influences that shaped his life and career 141 In 2014 Card stated that Isaac Asimov and Ray Bradbury were conscious influences on his writing along with Early Modern English from the King James Version of the Bible and the works of William Shakespeare 142 As a college student Card read classic literature science fiction and fantasy 139 Spenser s poetry inspired the original Prentice Alvin and the No Good Plow 62 143 Influences from Portuguese and Brazilian Catholicism which Card learned about during his LDS mission to Brazil are evident in his Shadow and Speaker novels 12 Card stated his writing improved after teaching writing workshops with Jay Wentworth and from Algis Budrys s workshops at Writers of the Future 9 Card s membership of the LDS Church has been an important influence on his writing though he initially tried to keep his religious beliefs separate from his fiction 144 145 Susanne Reid a science fiction scholar 146 stated Card s religious background is evident in his frequent messiah protagonists and the moral seriousness in his works 147 148 Card s science fiction books do not reference the LDS religion directly but offer careful readers insights that are compelling and moving in their religious intensity 149 Non LDS readers of A Planet Called Treason did not remark on religious themes however LDS reviewer Sandy Straubhaar disliked the novel s explicit violence and sex and stated LDS connections were gratuitous 149 Dick Butler criticized A Planet Called Treason for its lack of Gospel themes and ideas and two other LDS reviewers defended Card 150 According to Michael Collings a critic who acknowledges his unabashed appreciation of Card 151 knowledge of Mormon theology is vital to completely understanding Card s works stating the life stages of the piggies in Speaker for the Dead correspond to phases of life in the LDS s plan of salvation 152 In an article in Sunstone Christopher C Smith also noticed this parallel noting that the piggies procreate more or less eternally in the last stage of their development 153 Ender s Game and Speaker for the Dead deal with religious themes common in LDS theology but without many surface references to the religion 154 The Alvin Maker series does not try to explain Mormon history but uses it to examine his characters relationships with God 155 Card stated that his church membership influences his communitarian values specifically making personal sacrifices for the good of a community Individuals making sacrifices for their community is a theme in his work 156 Card s Homecoming Saga is a dramatization of Book of Mormon Eugene England called the first five novels good literature Card received criticism from members of the LDS church for plagiarizing the Book of Mormon and using it irreverently He defended his choices and said speculative fiction is the genre best suited to exploring theological and moral issues 157 Also in the Homecoming Saga Card imagines backstories and explanations for anomalies in the Book of Mormon making the fictional work function as a work of Mormon apologetics 158 While women are not prominent in the Book of Mormon Card makes them prominent in his retelling 159 One non LDS critic described the saga as readable but lacking in new ideas 160 Unaware of its relation to the Book of Mormon another critic said it is similar to the Bible 161 Style Edit Because Card began his writing career in screenplays his early work is considered accessible and fast paced with good characters but stylistically unremarkable According to biographer Richard Bleiler a number of critics described his tone as emotionless or conversely as nonjudgmental leaving readers to come to their own conclusions about how to feel about a story 162 Though Card was initially classified as a hard science fiction writer for publishing in Analog 163 his science fiction focuses more on his characters than on the details of future technology 162 One critic said Card is poor at characterization stating the characters Peter and Valentine in Ender s Game are totally unbelievable 164 While noticing that some of Card s early stories were formulaic Westfahl praised many of Card s early stories as showing conspicuous originality 165 The graphic violence in his early fiction was controversial frequent appearances of naked men and boys raised questions about homoerotic imagery according to Westfahl 166 Collings stated that the early stories are essential steps in the development of Card s fiction 167 Card uses a technique common in pulp fiction when he refers to characters by a quirk of their appearance or personality 51 Card s fantasy stories also use tropes that are common to fantasy 168 Card cites the Book of Mormon as an important influence on his writing his habit of beginning sentences with conjunctions comes from the book 169 Literary devices in Hot Sleep parallel those of the Book of Mormon 170 Collings said Hot Sleep s mimicry of Book of Mormon language makes it an inherently Mormon novel Card combined several Worthing stories and revised Hot Sleep to create The Worthing Chronicle which does not mirror the language of the Book of Mormon as much as Hot Sleep does 171 Themes EditChild genius savior Edit One theme in Card s works is that of a precocious child who is isolated from others but is uniquely positioned to help or save their community These characters with exceptional abilities achieve their destiny through discipline and suffering 172 Often his gifted protagonists are introspective children 173 Card s work features children and adults working together which is unusual 166 His characters feel real and must grow and take on responsibilities and often sacrifice themselves to improve their own societies 162 This sacrifice is a difficult choice in which none of the options are obviously good 174 These protagonists have unusual abilities that are both a blessing and a curse The protagonists who are isolated from family and friends relate better to adults than to other young people when they grow up they often mentor other precocious youths 175 176 Alvin Maker follows this pattern his magical abilities are very unusual and he uses them to redeem his people 143 According to Collings Card s protagonists are lonely and manipulative Messiah figures who make sacrifices that can be interpreted as a declaration of principles Family and community problems arise when individuals are not fully accepted or when communities do not work with others in larger units 177 51 Often one group tries to kill or enslave another group but their conflict is alleviated when they try to understand each other 178 Protagonists make choices that save a person or a group of people 174 In The Porcelain Salamander a girl is saved by a magical salamander this action restores her ability to move but she takes on some attributes of the salamander 179 In Kingsmeat the Shepherd painlessly excises meat from humans to save them from being completely eaten by their alien overlords The violence of removing parts of people is like the violence of repentance 180 Collings states part of this story could serve as an epigram of all Card s fictions trapped within a circle of opposing forces one focal character must decide whether or not to become like Ender Wiggin something of a savior or a prophet or at least a martyr 181 The original short story Ender s Game is reminiscent of Heinlein s young adult novels because it is about a young person with impressive gifts who is guided by a stern mentor whose choices affect all of humanity 165 The situations and choices in the Ender series invoke a number of philosophical topics including the rules of war embodiment psychology the ethics of anthropology and xenology and the morality of manipulating children 182 Though Card described Happy Head 1978 as an embarrassment it anticipated cyberpunk fiction with an investigator judge who can experience memories with witnesses Both A Thousand Deaths 1978 and Unaccompanied Sonata feature protagonists who rebel against the dystopias they inhabit 183 American politics Edit In a May 2013 essay called Unlikely Events which Card presented as an experiment in fiction writing 184 Card described an alternative future in which President Barack Obama ruled as a Hitler or Stalin style dictator with his own national police force of young unemployed men Obama and his wife Michelle would have amended the U S Constitution to allow presidents to remain in power for life as in Nigeria Zimbabwe and Nazi Germany 185 186 In the essay first published in The Rhinoceros Times Card attributed Obama s success to being a black man who talks like a white man that s what they mean by calling him articulate and a great speaker 187 66 The essay drew criticism from journalists for its allusions to Obama s race and its reference to urban gangs 188 189 190 Vice author Dave Schilling featured the article in his This Week in Racism roundup several months after its publication 191 Empire 2006 is a novel about civil war between progressive and conservative extremists in America It was a finalist for the Prometheus Award an award given by the Libertarian Futurist Society 192 Publishers Weekly stated that right wing rhetoric trumps the logic of story and character in the novel 193 Another review from Publishers Weekly noted that Card s conservative bias seeps into the novel 194 At SFReviews Thomas Wagner took further issue with Card s tendency to smugly pretend to be above it all or claiming to be moderate while espousing conservative views of news media 195 In an interview with Mythaxis Review in April 2021 Card stated that he writes fiction without conscious agenda 196 Homosexuality Edit In Card s fiction writing homosexual characters appear in contexts that some critics have interpreted as homophobic Writing for Salon Aja Romano lists the homophobic subtext 197 of characters in four of Card s books In Songmaster a man falls in love with a 15 year old castrato in a pederastic society Their sexual union has creepy overtones that makes the teenager unable to have sex again 197 On the topic of Songmaster Card wrote that he was not trying to show homosexual sex as beautiful Romano wrote that the book s main plot point revolve d around punishing homosexual sex 197 In the Homecoming series a gay male character Zdorab marries and procreates for the good of society Romano notes that Zdorab does not stop being gay after his marriage but that procreation is paramount in the book s society Eugene England defends Zdorab arguing that he is a sympathetic character who discovered that his homosexuality was determined by his mother s hormone levels during pregnancy Therefore Card acknowledges that homosexuality is not a character trait that can be erased or reversed While Zdorab marries and has children he sees his choice to become a father as very deliberate and not out of some inborn instinct 198 Card s 2008 novella Hamlet s Father re imagines the backstory of Shakespeare s play Hamlet In the novella Hamlet s friends were sexually abused as children by his pedophilic father and subsequently identify as homosexual adults The novella prompted public outcry and its publishers were inundated with complaints 199 200 Trade journal Publishers Weekly criticized Card s work stating its main purpose was to attempt to link homosexuality with pedophilia 201 Card responded that he did not link homosexuality with pedophilia stating that in his book Hamlet s father was a pedophile that shows no sexual attraction to adults of either sex 202 Views EditPolitics Edit Card became a member of the U S Democratic Party in 1976 and has on multiple occasions referred to himself as a Moynihan or Blue Dog Democrat as recently as 2020 156 203 204 0 58 09 Card supported Republican presidential candidate John McCain in 2008 205 and Newt Gingrich in 2012 206 In 2016 he followed the hold your nose vote Trump hashtag and voted accordingly 204 1 01 10 According to Salon Card s views are close to neoconservative 197 Card has described himself as a moral conservative 207 156 Card was a vocal supporter of the U S s War on Terror 208 209 In a 2020 interview with Ben Shapiro Card stated that he was not a conservative because he has beliefs that do not align with typical conservative platforms including desiring liberal immigration laws gun control and abolishing the death penalty 204 0 58 49 In 2000 Card said he believed government has a duty to protect citizens from capitalism 210 Homosexuality Edit Card has publicly declared his support of laws against homosexual activity and same sex marriage 197 211 Card s 1990 essay A Changed Man The Hypocrites of Homosexuality was first published in Sunstone 212 and republished in his collection of non fiction essays A Storyteller in Zion 213 In the essay he argued that laws against homosexual behavior should not be indiscriminately enforced against anyone who happens to be caught violating them but used only when necessary to send a clear message to those who flagrantly violate society s regulation Card also questioned in a 2004 column the notion that homosexuality was a purely innate or genetic trait and asserted that a range of environmental factors also contributed to its development including abuse 214 However in an introduction to a reprint of his essay Card wrote that since 2003 when the US Supreme Court had ruled those laws unconstitutional he has no interest in criminalizing homosexual acts 215 Card has stated there is no need to legalize same sex marriage and that he opposes efforts to do so 214 In 2008 he wrote in an opinion piece in the Deseret News that relationships between same sex couples would always be different from those between opposite sex couples and that if a government were to say otherwise married people would act to destroy it as their mortal enemy 216 217 In 2012 Card supported North Carolina Amendment 1 a ballot measure to outlaw same sex marriage in North Carolina saying the legalization of gay marriage was a slippery slope upon which the political left would make it illegal to teach traditional values in the schools 218 In 2009 Card joined the board of directors of the National Organization for Marriage a group that campaigns against same sex marriage 219 Card resigned from the board in mid 2013 220 In July 2013 one week after the U S Supreme Court issued rulings in two cases that were widely interpreted as favoring recognition of same sex marriages Card published in Entertainment Weekly a statement saying the same sex marriage issue is moot because of the Supreme Court s decision on the Defense of Marriage Act DOMA 221 Card s views have had professional repercussions In 2013 he was selected as a guest author for DC Comics new Adventures of Superman comic book series 222 but controversy over his views on homosexuality led illustrator Chris Sprouse to leave the project An online petition to drop the story received over 16 000 signatures and DC Comics put Card s story on hold indefinitely 223 224 A few months later an LGBT non profit organization 225 Geeks OUT proposed a boycott of the movie adaptation of Ender s Game calling Card s views anti gay 226 227 and causing the movie studio Lionsgate to publicly distance itself from Card s opinions 228 Awards and legacy EditCard won the ALA Margaret Edwards Award which recognizes one writer and a particular body of work for significant and lasting contributions to young adult literature 229 in 2008 for his contribution in writing for teenagers his work was selected by a panel of YA librarians 230 Card said he was unsure his work was suitable for the award because it was never marketed as young adult 231 In the same year Card won the Lifetime Achievement Award for Mormon writers at the Whitney Awards 232 In 1978 the Harold B Lee Library acquired the Orson Scott Card papers which include Card s works writing notes and letters The collection was formally opened in 2007 233 234 235 Stephenie Meyer Brandon Sanderson and Dave Wolverton have cited Card s works as a major influence 236 237 238 In addition Card inspired Lindsay Ellis s novel Axiom s End 239 Card has also won numerous awards for single works 1978 John W Campbell Award for Best New Writer from the World Science Fiction Convention citing the Ender s Game novelette 51 1984 Saints Book of the Year by the Association for Mormon Letters 240 1985 Ender s Game Nebula Award 1985 241 Hugo Award 1986 242 1986 Speaker for the Dead Nebula Award 1986 242 Hugo Award 1987 243 Locus Award 1987 242 SF Chronicle Readers Poll Award 87 244 1987 Eye for Eye Hugo Award 1988 245 Seiun Award 1989 246 1987 Hatrack River Nebula nominee 1986 247 Hugo nominee 1987 248 World Fantasy Award WFA winner novella 1987 249 1988 Seventh Son Hugo and WFA nominee 1988 250 Mythopoeic Society Award 1988 251 Locus Award winner 1988 250 1989 Red Prophet Hugo nominee 1988 250 Nebula Nominee 1989 252 Locus winner 1989 252 1991 How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy Writer s Digest Books 90 Hugo Award 253 1995 Alvin Journeyman Locus Award winner 1996 254 2002 Shadow of the Hegemon ALA Best Books for Young Adults 255 Other activities EditSince 1994 Card has served as a judge for Writers of the Future a science fiction and fantasy story contest for amateur writers 256 In late 2005 Card launched Orson Scott Card s InterGalactic Medicine Show an online fantasy and science fiction magazine 257 In 2005 Card accepted a permanent appointment as distinguished professor at Southern Virginia University in Buena Vista Virginia a small liberal arts college 258 Card has served on the boards of a number of organizations including public television station UNC TV 2013 present 259 and the National Organization for Marriage 2009 2013 260 Card taught a course on novel writing at Pepperdine University which was sponsored by Michael Collings Afterwards Card designed his own writing courses called Uncle Orson s Writing Course and literary boot camp 9 Eric James Stone Jamie Ford Brian McClellan Mette Ivie Harrison and John Brown have attended Card s literary boot camp 261 Luc Reid founder of the Codex Writers Group is also a literary book camp alumnus 262 Card has been a Special Guest and or Literary Guest of Honor and Keynote Speaker at the Life the Universe amp Everything professional science fiction and fantasy arts symposium on at least six separate occasions 1983 1986 1987 1997 2008 2014 263 See also Edit Children s literature portal Speculative fiction portal Biography portalOrson Scott Card bibliography LDS fiction Descendants of Brigham YoungReferences Edit a b c Card Orson Scott 1990 Maps in a Mirror The Short Fiction of Orson Scott Card New York ORB ISBN 9780765308405 Retrieved September 30 2019 Tyson 2003 p 165 Willett 2006 p 77 Willett 2006 p 13 a b c Tyson 2003 p xv a b Tyson 2003 p xvi Card Orson Scott About Orson Scott Card Willett 2006 pp 36 37 a b c d e Card Orson Scott Why I am Teaching at SVU and Why SVU is Important Meridian Magazine Archived from the original on October 21 2013 Orson Scott Card and Rod McKuen and poetry Poetry Foundation Retrieved September 25 2019 Tyson 2003 p xxi 166 a b c Tyson 2003 p xvii Orson Scott Card The Washington Post November 3 2010 Retrieved September 25 2019 Groeger Gina November 13 2000 Orson Scott Card visits BYU The Daily Universe Brigham Young University Retrieved September 25 2019 Willett 2006 pp 38 42 Van Name 1988 p 3 Willett 2006 pp 41 43 a b Tyson 2003 p xx Tyson 2003 p 166 a b c Orson Scott Card Louie Free Brain Food from the Heartland Vindy Archives January 18 2019 a b Manier Terry October 31 2013 Orson Scott Card Talks Ender s Game in Rare Interview Wired Retrieved September 26 2019 Tyson 2003 pp xx xxi Posing as People Hatrack River Enterprises Inc Locus Publications January 5 2011 Locus Online News Orson Scott Card Suffers Mild Stroke Locusmag com Retrieved March 14 2013 Willett 2006 p 43 Hall Andrew April 8 2017 Lifetime Achievement Awards Orson Scott Card and Susan Elizabeth Howe Dawning of a Brighter Day Twenty First Century Mormon Literature Association for Mormon Letters Retrieved September 27 2019 Collings Michael R 1990 In the Image of God Theme Characterization and Landscape in the Fiction of Orson Scott Card Westport Connecticut Greenwood Press ISBN 031326404X Van Name 1988 p 5 Van Name 1988 p 2 5 Van Name 1988 p 2 4 Willett 2006 pp 42 43 Willett 2006 pp 43 48 a b Lupoff 1991 p 121 Collings 2001 pp 12 292 294 Willett 2006 p 56 1979 Hugo Awards The Hugo Awards July 26 2007 Retrieved February 18 2020 sfadb Nebula Awards 1979 www sfadb com Retrieved February 18 2020 Willett 2006 pp 48 49 Nebula Awards 1980 Science Fiction Awards Database Locus Archived from the original on October 25 2015 Retrieved December 6 2011 1980 Hugo Awards World Science Fiction Society July 26 2007 Archived from the original on May 7 2011 Retrieved April 19 2010 a b Collings 2001 p 13 Willett 2006 p 47 Collings 2001 p 12 Willett 2006 pp 51 52 Willett 2006 p 54 a b c Orson Scott Card Jack of Many Trades Locus 20 6 56 58 June 1987 Willett 2006 p 60 61 Willett 2006 pp 62 63 Westfahl 1998 p 182 183 Winner of the Hugo and Nebula Awards Nebula Awards Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America Retrieved September 26 2019 a b c d e f g Clute John Card Orson Scott In Clute John Langford David Nicholls Peter Sleight Graham eds Encyclopedia of Science Fiction 3rd ed SFE Willett 2006 p 96 Program Information Bobs Slacktime Funhouse BSTF 917 Orson Scott Card s Secular Humanist Revival Meeting www radio4all net Card Orson Scott The secular humanist revival meeting search lib byu edu 1988 Hugo Awards World Science Fiction Society Archived from the original on May 7 2011 Retrieved April 19 2010 Collings 2001 p 15 Card Orson Scott Van Name Mark L Short Form search lib byu edu a b c Collings 2001 pp 15 16 Scott Orson 1991 Interview Leading Edge No 23 Brigham Young University Gates Crawford The Delights of Making Cumorah s Music Maxwell Institute Journal of Book of Mormon Studies Archived from the original on April 7 2007 a b c Oziewicz 2008 p 209 a b Collings 2014 p 32 England 1990 p 57 The Mythopoeic Society Mythopoeic Fantasy Award Finalists www mythsoc org The Mythopoeic Society Mythopoeic Awards www mythsoc org Oziewicz 2008 p 205 England 1990 p 58 62 Tyson 2003 p xxi 33 Ling Van September 24 1989 A Response Rising Out of The Abyss Los Angeles Times Retrieved October 1 2019 Westfahl 1998 p 183 184 England 1994 p 59 Collings 2001 pp 16 17 1996 Award Winners amp Nominees Worlds Without End Retrieved October 20 2020 1999 Awards Winners amp Nominees Worlds Without End Collings 2014 p 362 Linder Brian June 17 2012 Doug Chiang s Robota IGN Retrieved September 26 2019 Hall Andrew December 17 2015 In Memoriam Kathryn H Kidd Dawning of a Brighter Day Twenty First Century Mormon Literature Association of Mormon Letters Retrieved September 26 2019 Tyson 2003 pp 125 127 Collings 2001 pp 263 267 273 275 Tyson 2003 pp 127 135 Peterson Matthew November 12 2009 Orson Scott Card Online Radio Interview with the Author The Author Hour radio show Card Orson April 5 2020 Maybe Some Good Will Come Out of This Hatrack River Retrieved August 18 2020 Lythgoe Dennis December 16 2007 Book review A War of Gifts An Ender Story Deseret News Deseret News Publishing Company Retrieved September 26 2019 Collings 2014 p 197 Formic Wars Silent Strike www aaronwjohnston com February 3 2016 Formic Wars Burning Earth 2011 Marvel Entertainment Formic Wars Silent Strike 2011 2012 Marvel Entertainment a b Card Orson Scott Johnston Aaron 2012 Earth Unaware The First Formic War New York Tor pp 366 368 ISBN 9780765329042 a b c Card Orson Scott The Library of Orson Scott Card www hatrack com Retrieved February 25 2020 Bowyer Jerry November 17 2017 Children of the Fleet Orson Scott Card s Best Since Ender s Game Forbes Retrieved September 26 2019 Tyson 2003 pp 79 94 Subterranean Press Space Boy subterraneanpress com Retrieved February 26 2020 Card Orson Scott 2008 Hamlet s Father In Kaye Marvin ed The Ghost Quartet New York TOR ISBN 9780765312518 Retrieved September 27 2019 Orson Scott Card Stonefather www sfsite com The SF Site Mither Mages Series by Orson Scott Card www goodreads com Card Orson Scott November 3 2015 Pathfinder Trilogy ISBN 9781481457729 Retrieved February 25 2020 Haley Carolyn Lost and Found www nyjournalofbooks com Card Orson Scott 2005 Catalog record for Magic street Harold B Lee Library ISBN 9780345416896 Card Orson Scott November 2 2008 Uncle Orson Reviews Everything Bean on Baseball and Parker s Trilogies Hatrack River Enterprises Inc retrieved March 28 2011 Collings Michael November 6 2018 Book review Orson Scott Card s new book is a Hallmark Christmas movie in prose but better Deseret News Invasive Procedures www publishersweekly com Retrieved February 26 2020 Interview with Author Orson Scott Card Gaming Today Archived from the original on June 20 2007 Retrieved June 18 2007 NeoHunter 1996 MobyGames Retrieved February 20 2020 Vitka William January 25 2005 Game Preview Advent Rising CBS News CBS Interactive Retrieved September 27 2019 Weiss Danny June 23 2005 Video Game Review Advent Rising NBC News NBCNews Retrieved September 27 2019 Castro Adam Troy December 14 2012 We Preview Shadow Complex Best Game of Summer Syfy Wire Syfy Retrieved September 26 2019 Shadow Complex Xbox 360 Video Dev Diary IGN Video Archived from the original on August 17 2009 Willett 2006 p 84 Haddock Marc October 17 2011 Book review Orson Scott Card teams up with his daughter to create Laddertop Deseret News Comics Book Review Laddertop Vol 1 by Orson Scott Card Emily Janice Card Zina Card and Honoel A Ibardolaza Tor Seven Seas 10 99 trade paper 192p ISBN 978 0 7653 2460 3 PublishersWeekly com Johnston Aaron February 4 2016 Dragon Age www aaronwjohnston com Retrieved February 25 2020 Scribner Herb January 5 2018 BYUtv s sci fi series Extinct won t be renewed for a second season Deseret News Deseret News Publishing Company Retrieved September 24 2019 BYUtv taps anti gay Orson Scott Card to create write produce its new scripted series The Salt Lake Tribune September 15 2016 Retrieved October 4 2019 Ender s Game Hits Comics IGN Johnston Aaron Graphic Novels www aaronwjohnston com Retrieved February 25 2020 Ekstrom Steve October 6 2008 Chris Yost Bringing Ender Wiggin to Comics Newsarama Retrieved February 26 2020 Card Orson Scott 2013 Catalog record for Ender s game search lib byu edu Harold B Lee Library Retrieved February 26 2020 Card Orson Scott 2012 Catalog record for Ender s shadow ultimate collection search lib byu edu Harold B Lee Library GCD Issue Ender s Game War of Gifts www comics org Grand Comics Database Retrieved February 26 2020 Ender s Game Mazer In Prison Now available www aaronwjohnston com March 21 2010 Retrieved February 26 2020 Enders Game War of Gifts 2009 Marvel comic books www mycomicshop com Retrieved February 26 2020 Peterson Jeff November 4 2013 Ender s Game movie was worth the wait Deseret News Deseret News Publishing Company Retrieved September 26 2019 Lawrence Bryce July 16 2013 Orson Scott Card Praise for work of Ender s Game director movie executives The Daily Universe Brigham Young University Retrieved September 26 2019 Movie production team being assembled Taleswapper Inc February 25 2009 Retrieved March 1 2009 McNary Dave April 28 2011 Summit plays Ender s Game Variety Snow Shane Orson Scott Card Talks Ender s Game in Rare Interview Wired Retrieved November 1 2013 Zeitchik Steven September 20 2010 Gavin Hood looks to play Ender s Game Los Angeles Times Critics community and Ender s Game An interview with Orson Scott Card Deseret News Deseret News Publishing Company October 31 2013 Retrieved October 4 2019 Lawrence Bryce July 16 2013 Orson Scott Card Praise for work of Ender s Game director The Digital Universe Brigham Young University Archived from the original on July 18 2013 Ender s Game 2013 Rotten Tomatoes Fandango Media Retrieved May 4 2020 Hall Andrew November 9 2013 This Week in Mormon Literature November 9 2013 Dawning of a Brighter Day Twenty First Century Mormon Literature Association of Mormon Letters Retrieved September 26 2019 Card Orson Scott World Watch www ornery org The Ornery American Buckley Bob April 30 2013 The Rhinoceros Times going out of business after 20 years Fox 8 Retrieved September 26 2019 Search for uncle orson The Rhino Times of Greensboro Card Orson Scott Uncle Orson Reviews Everything Hatrick River The Official Website of Orson Scott Card Hatrack River Enterprises Retrieved September 26 2019 Nauvoo Times Orson 20Scott 20Card www nauvootimes com Retrieved February 26 2020 Willett 2006 p 19 21 Willett 2006 p 20 a b Collings 2014 p 31 Drinkin Bros Podcast 617 Ender s Game Series Author Orson Scott Card archived from the original on December 19 2021 retrieved November 14 2021 Collings 2014 p 24 Card Orson Scott Summer 2013 A Brief Interview with Orson Scott Card extended answers Tor p 2 45 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved November 20 2020 a b Samuelson 1996 p 912 Willett 2006 pp 12 15 95 Collings 2014 p 18 Reid Suzanne Elizabeth 1944 Encyclopedia com www encyclopedia com Collings 2014 p 38 Reid 1998 p 50 37 a b Collings 2014 pp 55 57 Collings 2014 pp 57 58 Collings 2001 p 11 Collings 2014 pp 67 69 Smith 2011 p 54 Collings 2014 p 72 Collings 2014 p 85 a b c Askar Jamshid Ghazi October 31 2013 Critics community and Ender s Game An interview with Orson Scott Card Deseret News England 1994 pp 59 61 Smith 2011 pp 54 56 England 1994 pp 70 71 Westfahl 1998 p 185 Reid 1998 p 50 a b c Bleiler 1989 p 134 135 Westfahl 2005 p 197 Nicol 1992 p 130 a b Westfahl 1998 pp 181 182 a b Westfahl 1998 p 179 Collings 2014 pp 22 23 Tyson 2003 pp 160 161 Willett 2006 p 22 Collings 2014 pp 61 63 Collings 2014 pp 64 67 Beswick 1989 p 52 Lupoff 1991 pp 120 121 a b Tyson 2003 p 157 Tyson 2003 p 158 Collings 2014 p 15 Collings 2014 p 94 Tyson 2003 pp 159 160 Collings 2014 p 95 96 Collings 2014 p 96 98 Collings 2014 p 36 WittkowerRush 2013 p 35 48 65 112 Westfahl 1998 p 180 Card Orson Scott May 9 2013 Unlikely Events The Ornery American Archived from the original on June 8 2013 Retrieved November 2 2016 Child Ben August 16 2013 Ender s Game author Orson Scott Card compares Obama to Hitler The Guardian Horn John August 15 2013 Ender s Game author compares Obama to Hitler Los Angeles Times Card Orson Scott May 16 2013 Civilization Watch Unlikely Events The Rhinoceros Times Retrieved December 14 2020 Florien Daniel August 16 2013 Orson Scott Card s Alternate Future Patheos Waldman Paul August 16 2013 Morally Compromised Art on the Big Screen How do we judge a movie made from a book written by someone with repellent political views The American Prospect Controversial author Orson Scott Card named to UNC TV board Winston Salem Journal Associated Press September 9 2013 Schilling Dave August 16 2013 Orson Scott Card Is Officially the Most Racist Sci Fi Author www vice com Libertarian Futurist Society lfs org Archived from the original on September 19 2020 Retrieved November 30 2020 Fiction Book Review Empire by Orson Scott Card PublishersWeekly com November 2006 Retrieved November 30 2020 Card Orson Scott 2006 Empire by Orson Scott Card Harold B Lee Library ISBN 9780765316110 Empire Orson Scott Card www sfreviews net Retrieved November 30 2020 Smistad John April 18 2021 Ender s Game and Beyond an Interview with Orson Scott Card Mythaxis Review a b c d e Romano Aja May 8 2013 Orson Scott Card s long history of homophobia Salon Retrieved November 9 2020 England Eugene 1994 Dawning of a Brighter Day Sunstone Flood Alison Outcry over Hamlet novel casting old king as gay pedophile Publisher showered with complaints over Orson Scott Card s Hamlet s Father The Guardian8 September 2011 OSC Responds to False Statements about Hamlet s Father Orson Scott Card September 2011 Hatrack com Retrieved March 14 2013 Review of Hamlet s Father Publishersweekly com February 28 2011 Retrieved March 14 2013 Card Orson Scott OSC Responds to False Statements about Hamlet s Father www hatrack com Retrieved November 15 2021 Card Orson Scott September 6 2012 Premium Rush 50 Things Deadly Animals Harbach Rhinoceros Times a b c Shapiro Ben May 24 2020 The Ben Shapiro Show Sunday Special Ep 96 The Daily Wire Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Card November 4 2008 WorldWatch This Very Good Election Year The Ornery American Ornery org Archived from the original on June 29 2017 Retrieved July 10 2010 Card December 1 2011 Hugo Scorsese Romney and Gingrich Uncle Orson Reviews Everything Hatrack com Card December 20 2009 WorldWatch Sarah Palin s Book The Ornery American Ornery org Retrieved March 14 2013 Card Orson Scott November 6 2006 The Only Issue This Election Day RealClearPolitics from Rhinoceros Times Card Orson Scott January 15 2006 Iraq Quit or Stay Rhinoceros Times Minkowitz Donna February 3 2000 My favorite author my worst interview I worshipped militaristic Mormon science fiction writer Orson Scott Card until we met Salon NYC based group calls for boycott of sci fi movie over author s gay rights views CBS New York July 9 2013 Card Orson Scott February 1990 A Changed Man The Hypocrites of Homosexuality PDF Sunstone Magazine 44 45 Retrieved June 16 2017 England 1994 p 71 a b Card Orson Scott Homosexual Marriage and Civilization The Ornery American Archived from the original on February 24 2004 Retrieved November 16 2016 Card Orson Scott The Hypocrites of Homosexuality Orson Scott Card www nauvoo com Quinn Annalisa July 10 2013 Book News Ender s Game Author Responds To Boycott Threats NPR Card Orson Scott July 24 2008 Orson Scott Card State job is not to redefine marriage The Deseret News Retrieved November 16 2016 Staff Reports May 7 2012 Author Marriage amendment is about forcing anti religious values on children LGBTQ Nation Retrieved January 27 2020 Romano Aja May 7 2013 Orson Scott Card s long history of homophobia In honor of the Ender s Game trailer release a look at some of the sci fi master s most controversial remarks Salon Cieply Michael July 12 2013 Author s Views on Gay Marriage Fuel Call for Boycott The New York Times Lee Stephan July 8 2013 Ender s Game author answers critics Gay marriage issue is moot Entertainment Weekly Retrieved November 17 2021 Peeples Jase February 12 2013 DC Comics Responds to Backlash Over Hiring Antigay Writer The Advocate Retrieved February 13 2013 Truitt Brian March 5 2013 Artist leaves Orson Scott Card s Superman comic USA Today Retrieved March 15 2013 McMillan Graeme March 5 2013 Orson Scott Card s Controversial Superman Story Put on Hold Wired com Retrieved May 3 2013 Geeks OUT Geeks OUT Retrieved January 23 2020 Child Ben July 9 2013 Activists call for Ender s Game boycott over author s anti gay views The Guardian London Kellogg Carolyn July 11 2013 Orson Scott Card s antigay views prompt Ender s Game boycott Los Angeles Times Retrieved July 20 2013 Cheney Alexandra July 12 2013 Studio comes out against Ender s Game author on gay rights The Wall Street Journal Margaret A Edwards Award American Library Association Retrieved September 24 2019 Orson Scott Card honored for lifetime contribution to young adult readers with Edwards Award American Library Association March 17 2008 Retrieved September 24 2019 Looking Back YALSA ALA Retrieved 2013 10 13 Card won the 20th anniversary Edwards Award in 2008 when YALSA asked previous winners to reflect on the experience Some live remarks by Card are published online with the compiled reflections but transcripts of acceptance speeches are available to members only Orson Scott Card s Whitney Award Speech Mormontimes com Archived from the original on May 1 2009 Retrieved March 14 2013 Orson Scott Card Papers 1966 ongoing Peterson Janice September 13 2007 Author makes living with lies Daily Herald Retrieved March 17 2016 Orson Scott Card 1951 present Literary Worlds Illumination of the Mind Archived from the original on 2 March 2016 Retrieved 17 March 2016 Nevarez Lisa A ed 2013 The Vampire Goes to College Essays on Teaching With the Undead McFarland p 145 ISBN 978 0786475544 About Brandon Brandon Sanderson November 23 2019 Retrieved February 20 2020 Dodge December 10 2003 An Interview with the author David Wolverton wotmania Archived from the original on May 26 2006 Rouner Jef July 21 2020 In YouTube star s debut novel Bush administration bungles alien contact San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved July 31 2020 1984 AML Awards Association for Mormon Letters Retrieved July 14 2009 1985 Award Winners amp Nominees Worlds Without End Retrieved July 15 2009 a b c 1986 Award Winners amp Nominees Worlds Without End Retrieved July 15 2009 1987 Award Winners amp Nominees Worlds Without End Archived from the original on June 13 2020 Retrieved July 15 2009 Science Fiction Chronicle Readers Poll 1987 Science Fiction Awards Database Locus Science Fiction Foundation Retrieved September 24 2019 1988 Hugo Awards The Hugo Awards July 26 2007 Retrieved September 24 2019 星雲賞受賞作 参考候補作一覧 List of The Seiun Awards Winners amp Candidates in Japanese Retrieved March 25 2016 Hatrack River Nebula Awards Science Fiction amp Fantasy Writers of America Retrieved September 24 2019 Walton Jo June 12 2011 Hugo Nominees 1987 TOR Macmillan Retrieved September 24 2019 Winners World Fantasy Convention World Fantasy Conventions Retrieved September 24 2019 a b c 1988 Award Winners amp Nominees Worlds Without End Retrieved July 15 2009 Winners Mythopoeic Society The Mythopoeic Society Retrieved September 24 2019 a b 1989 Award Winners amp Nominees Worlds Without End Retrieved July 15 2009 1991 Hugo Awards The Hugo Awards July 26 2007 Retrieved September 24 2019 1996 Award Winners amp Nominees Worlds Without End Retrieved July 15 2009 Shadow of the Hegemon American Library Association Retrieved September 26 2019 Writer Judge Biography Retrieved January 28 2020 Orson Scott Card s Intergalactic Medicine Show Retrieved October 18 2006 Kidd Kathryn H May 16 2005 Noted Author Joins SVU Faculty Meridian Magazines Retrieved September 27 2019 Fain Travis September 9 2013 Orson Scott Card named to UNC TV board News Record com North State Politics News Record com Retrieved September 12 2013 Lapidos Juliet July 20 2013 The Ender s Game Boycott The New York Times Woodbury Kathleen Dalton Hatrack River Writers Workshop hatrack com Card Orson Scott Former Boot Campers Published hatrack com Life the Universe amp Everything 32 The Marion K Doc Smith Symposium on Science Fiction and Fantasy PDF LTUE Press February 1 2014 Works cited EditBeswick Norman 1989 Amblick and After Aspects of Orson Scott Card Foundation 45 Spring 1989 Bleiler Richard 1989 Card Orson Scott In Fletcher Marilyn P Thorson James L eds Reader s Guide to Twentieth Century Science Fiction Chicago and London American Library Association ISBN 9780838905043 Collings Michael 2001 Storyteller Orson Scott Card Overlook Connection Press ISBN 1892950499 Collings Michael R 2014 Orson Scott Card Penetrating to the Gentle Heart CreateSpace ISBN 978 1 4991 2412 5 England Eugene 1994 Orson Scott Card The Book of Mormon as History and Science Fiction Review of Books on the Book of Mormon 6 2 Retrieved January 29 2020 England Eugene 1990 Orson Scott Card How a Great Science Fictionist Uses the Book of Mormon Reviewed Work s The Folk of the Fringe The Tales of Alvin Maker including these volumes Seventh Son The Red Prophet Prentice Alvin by Orson Scott Card Review of Books on the Book of Mormon 2 Lupoff Richard A 1991 Card Orson Scott In Watson Noelle Schellinger Paul E eds Twentieth Century Science Fiction Writers 3rd ed Chicago and London St James Press Nicol Charles March 1992 Mormon and Mammon Science Fiction Studies 19 1 128 130 JSTOR 4240132 Oziewicz Marek 2008 One Earth One People The Mythopoeic Fantasy Series of Ursula K Le Guin Lloyd Alexander Madeline L Engle and Orson Scott Card McFarland amp Company Inc ISBN 9780786431359 Reid Suzanne Elizabeth 1998 A New Master Orson Scott Card Presenting Young Adult Science Fiction Twayne Publishers ISBN 080571653X Smith Christopher C March 2011 Sacred Sci Fi Orson Scott Card as Mormon Mythmaker PDF Sunstone Samuelson Scott 1996 The Tales of Alvin Maker In Shippey T A Sobczak A J eds McGill s Guide to Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature Vol 4 Pasadena CA Salem Press Inc Tyson Edith S 2003 Orson Scott Card Writer of the Terrible Choice Lantham Maryland Scarecrow Press Inc ISBN 0810847906 Van Name Mark L 1988 Writer of the Year Orson Scott Card In Collins Robert A Latham Robert eds Science Fiction amp Fantasy Book Review Annual 1988 Westport Meckler ISBN 0887362494 Retrieved September 30 2019 Westfahl Gary 1998 Orson Scott Card In Bleiler Richard ed Science Fiction Writers Critical Studies of the Major Authors from the Early Nineteenth Century to the Present Day Second ed Charles Scribner s Sons ISBN 0684805936 Westfahl Gary 2005 Hard Science Fiction In Seed David ed A Companion to Science Fiction ISBN 1405112182 Willett Edward 2006 Orson Scott Card Architect of Alternate Worlds Berkeley Heights NJ Enslow Publishers ISBN 0766023540 Wittkower D E Rush Lucinda eds 2013 Ender s game and philosophy genocide is child s play Open Court ISBN 9780812698343 Further reading EditCard Catalogue The Science Fiction and Fantasy of Orson Scott Card Michael R Collings Hypatia Press 1987 ISBN 0 940841 01 0 The Work of Orson Scott Card An Annotated Bibliography and Guide Michael R Collings and Boden Clarke 1997 Storyteller The Official Guide to the Works of Orson Scott Card Michael R Collings Overlook Connection Press 2001 ISBN 1 892950 26 X Hillstrom Kevin ed 2004 Biography Today Authors Vol 14 PDF Detroit Michigan Omnigraphics ISBN 0780806522 Retrieved September 30 2019 Stout W Bryan July 1 1989 Seventh Son Red Prophet Prentice Alvin Orson Scott Card BYU Studies Quarterly 29 3 114 Retrieved September 26 2019 External links Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Orson Scott Card Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orson Scott Card Official website Orson Scott Card at the Internet Book List Orson Scott Card at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database Orson Scott Card at the Encyclopedia of Science Fiction Orson Scott Card at the Encyclopedia of Fantasy Orson Scott Card at IMDb Orson Scott Card at the MLCA Database Orson Scott Card papers MSS 1756 at L Tom Perry Special Collections Brigham Young University Orson Scott Card exhibit includes several scans of manuscript items from the Orson Scott Card papers at L Tom Perry Special Collections Brigham Young University Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Orson Scott Card amp oldid 1153665975, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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