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Olea capensis

January 01, 1970

Olea capensis, the black ironwood,[4] is an African tree species in the olive family Oleaceae. It is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa: from the east in Somalia, Ethiopia and Sudan, south to the tip of South Africa, and west to Cameroon, Sierra Leone and the islands of the Gulf of Guinea, as well as Madagascar and the Comoros.[2] It occurs in bush, littoral scrub and evergreen forest.[5]

Black ironwood
In Cape Town
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Oleaceae
Genus: Olea
Species:
O. capensis
Binomial name
Olea capensis
Synonyms[3]
  • Olea laurifolia Lam.

Other common names in English include ironwood, ironwood olive, East African olive and Elgon olive.[5]

O. c. subsp. macrocarpa, like all subspecies of black ironwood, can reach enormous proportions in the wild.

Description edit

The black ironwood is a bushy shrub, or a small to medium-sized tree, up to 10 metres (33 ft) in height, occasionally reaching 40 metres (130 ft).[5]

  • Bark: light grey, becoming dark grey and vertically fissured with age; a characteristic blackish gum is exuded from bark wounds.
  • Leaves: light to dark green and glossy above and paler green below; petiole often purplish, 0.3–1.7 cm long; lanceolate-oblong to almost circular, 3–10 x 1.5–5 cm.
  • Flowers: white or cream and sweetly scented, small and in many flowered axillary or terminal heads, bisexual, 3–15 cm long.
  • Fruit: when ripe they are somewhat succulent purplish drupes; ovoid up to 2 x 1 cm.

Subspecies edit

The species has been divided into 3 subspecies:[5]

  • Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa: flowers in lax heads, fruits oblong to elliptic.
  • Olea capensis subsp. capensis: flowers in dense heads, leaves very variable, apex often rounded, and fruits almost spherical to oblong elliptic.
  • Olea capensis subsp. enervis: leaves usually broadly elliptic, apex tapering.

Uses edit

Food edit

Olea capensis has masses of sweetly scented bisexual flowers, that produce large edible fruits.[6][7]

Timber edit

The wood of the tree is very hard, fine grained, and heavy, and although difficult to work, it is widely used for art and artifacts.[7]

Gardens edit

Olea capensis is cultivated as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens.

The Guinness Book of World Records lists this tree as the world's heaviest wood, with a specific gravity of 1.49, similar to that of anthracite or dry earth.[8] It is known for its tendency to sink in water, unlike other wood materials. It is also one of the world's hardest woods according to the Janka hardness test. The timber has a good abrasion resistance and is very strong. It is an excellent turnery wood, and is used for a wide range of decorative items.

Gallery edit

  •  
    Flowers
  •  
    Timber
  •  
    Leaves
  •  
    Trunk and bark

References edit

  1. ^ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2020). "Olea capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T61919282A146444162. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T61919282A146444162.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Olea capensis". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  3. ^ "Olea laurifolia Synonym", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 4 September 2021
  4. ^ "Olea capensis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d "Olea capensis" (PDF). World Agroforestry Centre. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  6. ^ "IRC - Natives for Your Neighborhood". www.regionalconservation.org. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  7. ^ a b "Olea capensis - Useful Tropical Plants". tropical.theferns.info. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  8. ^ "Solids and Metals - Specific Gravities".

External links edit

  • . Ecocrop FAO. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  • "Olea capensis subsp. capensis". Aluka. Archived from the original on 2013-08-01. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  • . Fernkloof Nature Reserve. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  •   Media related to Olea capensis at Wikimedia Commons

January 01, 1970
olea, capensis, black, ironwood, african, tree, species, olive, family, oleaceae, widespread, saharan, africa, from, east, somalia, ethiopia, sudan, south, south, africa, west, cameroon, sierra, leone, islands, gulf, guinea, well, madagascar, comoros, occurs, . Olea capensis the black ironwood 4 is an African tree species in the olive family Oleaceae It is widespread in sub Saharan Africa from the east in Somalia Ethiopia and Sudan south to the tip of South Africa and west to Cameroon Sierra Leone and the islands of the Gulf of Guinea as well as Madagascar and the Comoros 2 It occurs in bush littoral scrub and evergreen forest 5 Black ironwood In Cape Town Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Asterids Order Lamiales Family Oleaceae Genus Olea Species O capensis Binomial name Olea capensisL 2 Synonyms 3 Olea laurifolia Lam Other common names in English include ironwood ironwood olive East African olive and Elgon olive 5 O c subsp macrocarpa like all subspecies of black ironwood can reach enormous proportions in the wild Contents 1 Description 1 1 Subspecies 2 Uses 2 1 Food 2 2 Timber 2 3 Gardens 3 Gallery 4 References 5 External linksDescription editThe black ironwood is a bushy shrub or a small to medium sized tree up to 10 metres 33 ft in height occasionally reaching 40 metres 130 ft 5 Bark light grey becoming dark grey and vertically fissured with age a characteristic blackish gum is exuded from bark wounds Leaves light to dark green and glossy above and paler green below petiole often purplish 0 3 1 7 cm long lanceolate oblong to almost circular 3 10 x 1 5 5 cm Flowers white or cream and sweetly scented small and in many flowered axillary or terminal heads bisexual 3 15 cm long Fruit when ripe they are somewhat succulent purplish drupes ovoid up to 2 x 1 cm Subspecies edit The species has been divided into 3 subspecies 5 Olea capensis subsp macrocarpa flowers in lax heads fruits oblong to elliptic Olea capensis subsp capensis flowers in dense heads leaves very variable apex often rounded and fruits almost spherical to oblong elliptic Olea capensis subsp enervis leaves usually broadly elliptic apex tapering Uses editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Food edit Olea capensis has masses of sweetly scented bisexual flowers that produce large edible fruits 6 7 Timber edit The wood of the tree is very hard fine grained and heavy and although difficult to work it is widely used for art and artifacts 7 Gardens edit Olea capensis is cultivated as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens The Guinness Book of World Records lists this tree as the world s heaviest wood with a specific gravity of 1 49 similar to that of anthracite or dry earth 8 It is known for its tendency to sink in water unlike other wood materials It is also one of the world s hardest woods according to the Janka hardness test The timber has a good abrasion resistance and is very strong It is an excellent turnery wood and is used for a wide range of decorative items Gallery edit nbsp Flowers nbsp Timber nbsp Leaves nbsp Trunk and barkReferences edit Botanic Gardens Conservation International BGCI IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2020 Olea capensis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T61919282A146444162 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 2 RLTS T61919282A146444162 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 a b Olea capensis World Checklist of Selected Plant Families WCSP Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 4 August 2017 Olea laurifoliaSynonym World Checklist of Selected Plant Families WCSP Royal Botanic Gardens Kew retrieved 4 September 2021 Olea capensis Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 4 August 2017 a b c d Olea capensis PDF World Agroforestry Centre Retrieved 4 August 2017 IRC Natives for Your Neighborhood www regionalconservation org Retrieved 2024 03 05 a b Olea capensis Useful Tropical Plants tropical theferns info Retrieved 2024 03 05 Solids and Metals Specific Gravities External links edit Olea capensis Ecocrop FAO Archived from the original on 2011 07 26 Retrieved 2010 02 09 Olea capensis subsp capensis Aluka Archived from the original on 2013 08 01 Retrieved 2010 02 09 Olea capensis subsp capensis Fernkloof Nature Reserve Archived from the original on 2011 07 16 Retrieved 2010 02 09 nbsp Media related to Olea capensis at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Olea capensis amp oldid 1211895878, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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