The Accropode is a single-layer artificial armour unit developed by Sogreah in 1981. Accropode concrete armour units are applied in a single layer.
Ecopode (1996)
The Ecopode armour unit with a rock-like appearance was developed by Sogreah to enhance the natural appearance of concrete armourings above low water level. A patent application was filed in 1996. The color and type of rock-like appearance can be specified to match the surrounding landscape.
Accropode II (2004)
In 1999, Sogreah modified the original Accropode shape by chipping away excess materials and adding friction features in the form of small pyramids. A patent application was filed for this modified shape. In 2004 further modifications to the 1999 shape were made, resulting in the Accropode II. The shape modifications are intended to increase interlocking.
Design
Hydraulic stability
Specified stability coefficients at design stage:
Hudson’s design KD values:
15 on trunk sections (16 for Accropode II)
11.5 on roundheads (12.3 for Accropode II)
Van der Meer stability number:
NS = HS/(∆ Dn50)= 2.7 (2.8 for Accropode II)
where:
HS = significant wave height
∆ = relative mass density
Dn50 = nominal diameter
These coefficients are valid for armour slopes from 3H/2V to 4H/3V and for seabed slopes up to 3%.
The uneven surface of the Ecopode improves interlocking by friction, thereby increasing hydraulic stability.
3D simulation of wave motion near an accropodes.[1]
Implementation
Diver inspecting blocks
Fork-lifting is effective for handling the small to medium size units, whereas large units are handled by sling. Placement for breakwaters generally requires a crane or a barge-mounted crane.
The units can be stored one on top of the other, and placed in a random attitude to obtain the specified packing density. The proper packing method provides an adequate coverage on breakwater slopes.
The use of a remote-release hook is used for placing the unit, while underwater placements may be enhanced by GPS, adhering to a theoretical grid.
Gallery
Accropode blocks on offshore breakwater roundhead.
Ciria-CUR (2007) - Rock Manual - The use of rock in hydraulic engineering.
K. d'Angremond (2004) - Breakwaters and closure dams.
N.W.H. Allsop (2002) - Breakwaters, coastal structures and coastlines.
J.W. Van der Meer (1988) - Rock slopes and gravel beaches under wave attack.
Delft Hydraulics Laboratory (1987) - Stability of rubble mound breakwaters - Stability formula for breakwaters armoured with Accropode (report H 546).
U.S. Army Corps of Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) - Shore Protection Manual (1984) - Hudson formula based on Hudson's extensive work in the fifties.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Accropode.
Concrete Layer Innovations
POSIBLOC™ system for placement aid of concrete blocks
Concrete Layer Assistance and Survey CLAS: Specialized Company for ACCROPODE™ ACCROPODE™II CORELOC™ ECOPODE™ and Xbloc® armouring breakwaters
January 06, 2023
accropode, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, august, 2014, learn, when, remove, this, template, message, blocks,. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations August 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Accropode blocks are wave dissipating concrete blocks designed to resist the action of waves on breakwaters and coastal structures Large accropode units are lowered into a position offshore by aid of a crane Contents 1 History 2 Design 2 1 Hydraulic stability 3 Implementation 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 External links 8 External linksHistory Edit Accropode 1981 The Accropode is a single layer artificial armour unit developed by Sogreah in 1981 Accropode concrete armour units are applied in a single layer Ecopode 1996 The Ecopode armour unit with a rock like appearance was developed by Sogreah to enhance the natural appearance of concrete armourings above low water level A patent application was filed in 1996 The color and type of rock like appearance can be specified to match the surrounding landscape Accropode II 2004 In 1999 Sogreah modified the original Accropode shape by chipping away excess materials and adding friction features in the form of small pyramids A patent application was filed for this modified shape In 2004 further modifications to the 1999 shape were made resulting in the Accropode II The shape modifications are intended to increase interlocking Design EditHydraulic stability Edit Specified stability coefficients at design stage Hudson s design KD values 15 on trunk sections 16 for Accropode II 11 5 on roundheads 12 3 for Accropode II Van der Meer stability number NS HS Dn50 2 7 2 8 for Accropode II where HS significant wave height relative mass densityDn50 nominal diameterThese coefficients are valid for armour slopes from 3H 2V to 4H 3V and for seabed slopes up to 3 The uneven surface of the Ecopode improves interlocking by friction thereby increasing hydraulic stability 3D simulation of wave motion near an accropodes 1 Implementation Edit Diver inspecting blocks Fork lifting is effective for handling the small to medium size units whereas large units are handled by sling Placement for breakwaters generally requires a crane or a barge mounted crane The units can be stored one on top of the other and placed in a random attitude to obtain the specified packing density The proper packing method provides an adequate coverage on breakwater slopes The use of a remote release hook is used for placing the unit while underwater placements may be enhanced by GPS adhering to a theoretical grid Gallery Edit Accropode blocks on offshore breakwater roundhead Storage of Accropode II blocks Accropode II on forklift Accropode on truck Placing Accropode blocks from land Accropode blocks on breakwater Placing with a crane MonitoringSee also EditBreakwater structure Erosion control Riprap Artificial reef Coastal erosion Ocean surface wave Seawall KOLOS XblocReferences Edit MEDUS 2011 Marine Engineering Division of University of Salerno Retrieved online 10 April 2011 from http www diciv unisa it docenti dentale medus php Archived 2011 07 22 at the Wayback Machine MEDUS External links EditCiria CUR 2007 Rock Manual The use of rock in hydraulic engineering 1 K d Angremond 2004 Breakwaters and closure dams N W H Allsop 2002 Breakwaters coastal structures and coastlines J W Van der Meer 1988 Rock slopes and gravel beaches under wave attack Delft Hydraulics Laboratory 1987 Stability of rubble mound breakwaters Stability formula for breakwaters armoured with Accropode report H 546 U S Army Corps of Engineer Waterways Experiment Station WES Shore Protection Manual 1984 Hudson formula based on Hudson s extensive work in the fifties External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Accropode Concrete Layer Innovations POSIBLOC system for placement aid of concrete blocks MEDUS Maritime Engineering Division University Salerno Concrete Layer Assistance and Survey CLAS Specialized Company for ACCROPODE ACCROPODE II CORELOC ECOPODE and Xbloc armouring breakwaters Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Accropode amp oldid 1091462014, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
