Montage of New World domesticated plants. Clockwise from top left: 1. Maize (Zea mays) 2. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) 3. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) 4. Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) 5. Pará rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) 6. Cacao (Theobroma cacao) 7. Tobacco (Nicotiana rustica)
New World crops are those crops, food and otherwise, that are native to the New World (mostly the Americas) and were not found in the Old World before 1492 AD. Many of these crops are now grown around the world and have often become an integral part of the cuisine of various cultures in the Old World. Notable among them are the "Three Sisters": maize, winter squash, and climbing beans.
The transfer of people, crops, precious metals, and diseases from the Old World to the New World and vice versa is called the Columbian Exchange.
Food historian Lois Ellen Frank calls potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, squash, chili, cacao, and vanilla the "magic eight" ingredients that were found and used only in the Americas before 1492 and were taken via the Columbian Exchange back to the Old World, dramatically transforming the cuisine there.[17][18][19] According to Frank,[20]
If we deconstruct that these foods were inherently native, then that means that the Italians didn't have the tomato, the Irish didn't have the potato, half the British National Dish—Fish and Chips—didn't exist. The Russians didn't have the potato, nor did they have vodka from the potato. There were no chiles in any Asian cuisine anywhere in the world, nor were there any chiles in any East Indian cuisine dishes, including curries. And the French had no confection using either vanilla or chocolate. So the Old World was a completely different place.
^Diamond, Jared (1999). Guns, Germs and Steel. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 126.
^Smith, A.F. (1994). The Tomato in America: Early History, Culture, and Cookery. University of South Carolina Press. p. 13. ISBN1-57003-000-6.
^Hirst, K. Kris. "Plant Domestication – Table of Dates and Places". About.com. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
^Piperno, Dolores, R.; Ranere, Anthony J.; Holst, Irene; Iriarte, Jose; Dickau, Ruth (2009). "Starch grain and phytolith evidence for early ninth millennium B.P. maize from the Central Balsas River Valley, Mexico". PNAS. 106 (13): 5019–5024. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.5019P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0812525106. PMC2664021. PMID 19307570.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ abSmith, Bruce D. (February 2001). "Documenting plant domestication: The consilience of biological and archaeological approaches". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (4): 1324–1326. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.1324S. doi:10.1073/pnas.98.4.1324. PMC33375. PMID 11171946.
^Spooner, DM; et al. (2005). "A single domestication for potato based on multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping". PNAS. 102 (41): 14694–99. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10214694S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507400102. PMC1253605. PMID 16203994.
^Perry, Linda; Kent V. Flannery (July 17, 2007). "Precolumbian use of chili peppers in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (29): 11905–11909. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10411905P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0704936104. PMC1924538. PMID 17620613.
^Ranere, Anthony J.; Dolores R. Piper; Irene Holst; Ruth Dickau; José Iriarte (January 23, 2009). "The cultural and chronological context of early Holocene maize and squash domestication in the Central Balsas River Valley, Mexico". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (13): 5014–5018. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.5014R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0812590106. PMC2664064. PMID 19307573.
^"Earliest-Known Evidence Of Peanut, Cotton And Squash Farming Found". Science Daily. June 29, 2007. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
^Galindo-Tovar, María Elena; Arzate-Fernández, Amaury M.; Ogata-Aguilar, Nisao & Landero-Torres, Ivonne (2007). "The avocado (Persea americana, Lauraceae) crop in Mesoamerica: 10,000 years of history" (PDF). Harvard Papers in Botany. 12 (2): 325–334, page 325. doi:10.3100/1043-4534(2007)12[325:TAPALC]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 41761865. S2CID 9998040. (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2015.
^Rajpal, Vijay Rani (2016). Gene Pool Diversity and Crop Improvement, Volume 1. Springer. p. 117. ISBN978-3-319-27096-8. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
^"The Domestication History of Cotton". Retrieved 21 August 2017.
^Zarrillo, Sonia; Gaikwad, Nilesh; Lanaud, Claire; Powis, Terry; Viot, Christopher; Lesur, Isabelle; Fouet, Olivier; Argout, Xavier; Guichoux, Erwan; Salin, Franck; Solorzano, Rey Loor; Bouchez, Olivier; Vignes, Hélène; Severts, Patrick; Hurtado, Julio; Yepez, Alexandra; Grivetti, Louis; Blake, Michael; Valdez, Francisco (2018). "The use and domestication of Theobroma cacao during the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (12): 1879–1888. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0697-x. PMID 30374172. S2CID 53099825.
^Kent, J.A.; Bommaraju, T.V.; Barnicki, S.D. (2017). Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology. Springer International Publishing. p. 902. ISBN978-3-319-52287-6. Retrieved August 4, 2020. Sunflower Seed Sunflower (Helianthus annus var. marcocarpus) is a New World crop, known to have been grown in Arizona–New Mexico in 3000 BC and in the Mississippi–Missouri Basin at least since 900 BC.
^García, Jorge Luis (2012). The Foods and crops of the Muisca: a dietary reconstruction of the intermediate chiefdoms of Bogotá (Bacatá) and Tunja (Hunza), Colombia (M.A.)(PDF) (M.A.). University of Central Florida. pp. 1–201. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
^Smith, A. F. (1994). The Tomato in America: Early History, Culture, and Cookery. Columbia SC, US: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN978-1-57003-000-0.
^Babb, Robin (May 22, 2019). "The 'Nativore' Chef Working to Improve Nutrition in Indigenous Communities". Civil Eats. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
^"Rediscovering Native American cuisine before it gets lost". Food Management. January 2, 2019. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
^Gomez, Adrian (August 16, 2019). "Red Mesa Cuisine owner aims to bring 'ancestral foods back to the table'". www.abqjournal.com. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
^Kunz, Jenna (July 31, 2019). "The Chef Revitalizing Native American Cuisine". Unearth Women. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
February 15, 2024
world, crops, montage, world, domesticated, plants, clockwise, from, left, maize, mays, tomato, solanum, lycopersicum, potato, solanum, tuberosum, vanilla, vanilla, planifolia, pará, rubber, tree, hevea, brasiliensis, cacao, theobroma, cacao, tobacco, nicotian. Montage of New World domesticated plants Clockwise from top left 1 Maize Zea mays 2 Tomato Solanum lycopersicum 3 Potato Solanum tuberosum 4 Vanilla Vanilla planifolia 5 Para rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis 6 Cacao Theobroma cacao 7 Tobacco Nicotiana rustica New World crops are those crops food and otherwise that are native to the New World mostly the Americas and were not found in the Old World before 1492 AD Many of these crops are now grown around the world and have often become an integral part of the cuisine of various cultures in the Old World Notable among them are the Three Sisters maize winter squash and climbing beans Contents 1 List of crops 2 Timeline of cultivation 3 Dissemination to the Old World 4 See also 5 ReferencesList of crops editNew World crops by plant structure used 1 Cereal little barley maize maygrass wild ricePseudocereal amaranth chia knotweed goosefoot quinoa sunflower sumpweed extinct as a crop Fruit acai acerola avocado American blueberry cashew apple chayote cherimoya American cranberry chili pepper curuba custard apple Virginia strawberry feijoa fox grape Muscadine grape guava huckleberry jabuticaba jeriva jurubeba macauba naranjilla papaya pawpaw passionfruit peppers American persimmon pineapple pitanga pitaya prickly pear soursop squashes and pumpkins sugar apple White sapote Black sapote Yellow Sapote Babaco Achacha tamarillo tomato tomatillo tucumNuts American chestnut Araucaria black walnut Brazil nut cashew hickory pecan shagbark hickory vanilla Chilean Hazelnut Ice Cream Bean PeanutSpices AllspiceSeed crops achiote guarana cocoa bean Beans legumes common bean lima bean peanut scarlet runner bean tepary beanRoot arracacha jicama canna cassava leren sweet potato yaconUnderground stems tubers rhizomes bulbs etc arrowroot sunroot camas bulb hopniss mashua oca potato ullucoLeaf agave coca tobacco yerba mate yuccaFluid balsam of Peru chicle maple syrup rubberWood logwoodFibre some cotton speciesTimeline of cultivation editThe new world developed agriculture by at least 8000 BC 2 3 4 The following table shows when each New World crop was first domesticated Timeline of cultivation Date Crops Location8000 BCE 5 Squash Oaxaca Mexico8000 5000 BCE 6 Potato Peruvian and Bolivian Andes6000 4000 BCE 7 Peppers Bolivia5700 BCE 5 8 Maize Guerrero Mexico5500 BCE 9 Peanut South America5000 BCE 10 Avocado Mexicoc 4200 BCE 11 Sea island cotton Peru4000 BCE Common bean Central America3400 BCE 12 Mexican cotton Tehuacan Valley Mexico3300 BCE 13 Cocoa Ecuador3000 BCE Sunflowers 14 other beans Arizona New Mexico1500 BCE 15 Sweet potato Altiplano Cundiboyacense Colombia500 BCE 16 Tomato MexicoDissemination to the Old World editSee also Columbian Exchange The transfer of people crops precious metals and diseases from the Old World to the New World and vice versa is called the Columbian Exchange Food historian Lois Ellen Frank calls potatoes tomatoes corn beans squash chili cacao and vanilla the magic eight ingredients that were found and used only in the Americas before 1492 and were taken via the Columbian Exchange back to the Old World dramatically transforming the cuisine there 17 18 19 According to Frank 20 If we deconstruct that these foods were inherently native then that means that the Italians didn t have the tomato the Irish didn t have the potato half the British National Dish Fish and Chips didn t exist The Russians didn t have the potato nor did they have vodka from the potato There were no chiles in any Asian cuisine anywhere in the world nor were there any chiles in any East Indian cuisine dishes including curries And the French had no confection using either vanilla or chocolate So the Old World was a completely different place See also edit nbsp Agriculture and Agronomy portal nbsp Food portalFirst agricultural revolution List of food plants native to the Americas Neolithic founder crops Timeline of agriculture and food technologyReferences edit Diamond Jared 1999 Guns Germs and Steel W W Norton amp Company p 126 Smith A F 1994 The Tomato in America Early History Culture and Cookery University of South Carolina Press p 13 ISBN 1 57003 000 6 Hirst K Kris Plant Domestication Table of Dates and Places About com Retrieved 15 June 2016 Piperno Dolores R Ranere Anthony J Holst Irene Iriarte Jose Dickau Ruth 2009 Starch grain and phytolith evidence for early ninth millennium B P maize from the Central Balsas River Valley Mexico PNAS 106 13 5019 5024 Bibcode 2009PNAS 106 5019P doi 10 1073 pnas 0812525106 PMC 2664021 PMID 19307570 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link a b Smith Bruce D February 2001 Documenting plant domestication The consilience of biological and archaeological approaches Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98 4 1324 1326 Bibcode 2001PNAS 98 1324S doi 10 1073 pnas 98 4 1324 PMC 33375 PMID 11171946 Spooner DM et al 2005 A single domestication for potato based on multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping PNAS 102 41 14694 99 Bibcode 2005PNAS 10214694S doi 10 1073 pnas 0507400102 PMC 1253605 PMID 16203994 Perry Linda Kent V Flannery July 17 2007 Precolumbian use of chili peppers in the Valley of Oaxaca Mexico Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 29 11905 11909 Bibcode 2007PNAS 10411905P doi 10 1073 pnas 0704936104 PMC 1924538 PMID 17620613 Ranere Anthony J Dolores R Piper Irene Holst Ruth Dickau Jose Iriarte January 23 2009 The cultural and chronological context of early Holocene maize and squash domestication in the Central Balsas River Valley Mexico Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 13 5014 5018 Bibcode 2009PNAS 106 5014R doi 10 1073 pnas 0812590106 PMC 2664064 PMID 19307573 Earliest Known Evidence Of Peanut Cotton And Squash Farming Found Science Daily June 29 2007 Retrieved 4 November 2013 Galindo Tovar Maria Elena Arzate Fernandez Amaury M Ogata Aguilar Nisao amp Landero Torres Ivonne 2007 The avocado Persea americana Lauraceae crop in Mesoamerica 10 000 years of history PDF Harvard Papers in Botany 12 2 325 334 page 325 doi 10 3100 1043 4534 2007 12 325 TAPALC 2 0 CO 2 JSTOR 41761865 S2CID 9998040 Archived PDF from the original on 10 October 2015 Rajpal Vijay Rani 2016 Gene Pool Diversity and Crop Improvement Volume 1 Springer p 117 ISBN 978 3 319 27096 8 Retrieved 9 April 2016 The Domestication History of Cotton Retrieved 21 August 2017 Zarrillo Sonia Gaikwad Nilesh Lanaud Claire Powis Terry Viot Christopher Lesur Isabelle Fouet Olivier Argout Xavier Guichoux Erwan Salin Franck Solorzano Rey Loor Bouchez Olivier Vignes Helene Severts Patrick Hurtado Julio Yepez Alexandra Grivetti Louis Blake Michael Valdez Francisco 2018 The use and domestication of Theobroma cacao during the mid Holocene in the upper Amazon Nature Ecology amp Evolution 2 12 1879 1888 doi 10 1038 s41559 018 0697 x PMID 30374172 S2CID 53099825 Kent J A Bommaraju T V Barnicki S D 2017 Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology Springer International Publishing p 902 ISBN 978 3 319 52287 6 Retrieved August 4 2020 Sunflower Seed Sunflower Helianthus annus var marcocarpus is a New World crop known to have been grown in Arizona New Mexico in 3000 BC and in the Mississippi Missouri Basin at least since 900 BC Garcia Jorge Luis 2012 The Foods and crops of the Muisca a dietary reconstruction of the intermediate chiefdoms of Bogota Bacata and Tunja Hunza Colombia M A PDF M A University of Central Florida pp 1 201 Retrieved 2016 07 08 Smith A F 1994 The Tomato in America Early History Culture and Cookery Columbia SC US University of South Carolina Press ISBN 978 1 57003 000 0 Babb Robin May 22 2019 The Nativore Chef Working to Improve Nutrition in Indigenous Communities Civil Eats Retrieved June 7 2019 Rediscovering Native American cuisine before it gets lost Food Management January 2 2019 Retrieved July 27 2019 Gomez Adrian August 16 2019 Red Mesa Cuisine owner aims to bring ancestral foods back to the table www abqjournal com Retrieved November 3 2019 Kunz Jenna July 31 2019 The Chef Revitalizing Native American Cuisine Unearth Women Retrieved October 11 2019 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title New World crops amp oldid 1189285243, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
