Marathwada
Marathwada (Marathi pronunciation: [məɾaːʈʰʋaːɖa]) is a proposed state and geographical region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was formed during the Nizam's rule and was part of the then Hyderabad State. The region coincides with the Aurangabad division of Maharashtra. It borders the states of Karnataka and Telangana, and it lies to the west of the Vidarbha and east of Uttar Maharashtra regions of Maharashtra. The largest city of Marathwada is Aurangabad. Its people speak Marathi and Deccani Urdu (Hyderabadi Urdu).
Clockwise from top : Bibi Ka Maqbara, Aundha Nagnath Temple, Kailasa Temple, Shri Hazoor Sahib Gurudwara, Chaitya Griha or prayer hall at Ajanta Caves | |
| Districts | Aurangabad, Beed, Hingoli, Jalna, Latur, Nanded, Osmanabad, Parbhani |
|---|---|
| Largest city | Aurangabad |
| Division | Aurangabad division |
| Area | 64,590 km2 (24,940 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | 18,731,872[1] |
| Density (per km²) | 354[1] |
| Literacy | 76.27%[1] |
| Sex Ratio | 932[1] |
Marathwada is known for it's struggle for merger in the Maharashtra state, which is commemorated on 17 September as Marathwada Mukti Sangraam Din.
Etymology edit
The term Marathwada means the house of Marathi speaking people, that is land occupied by the Marathi-speaking population of the former Hyderabad state during the period of Nizam's rule. The term can be traced to 18th century state records of the Nizam of Hyderabad.[2]
Demographics edit
Marathwada has total area of 64590 km2 and had a population of 18,731,872 at the 2011 census of India.[3][a]
Languages edit
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, the territory making up Marathwada had a variety of languages. 77.98% of the population spoke Marathi, 9.56% Urdu, 6.49% Hindi and 3.20% Lambadi as their first language.[4]
Religion edit
Hinduism is the majority religion in Marathwada, with Islam and Buddhism being significant minorities. Sikhism has a significant presence in Nanded, meanwhile Jains are present in urban areas of Marathwada such as Aurangabad, Jalna and Osmanabad.
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 76.67% of the population of Marathwada followed Hinduism, 15.12% Islam, 7.17% Buddhism, 0.22% Christianity and the remaining 0.82% of the population followed other religions or stated no religion.[5][b]
Religion in Marathwada (2011)[5]
Under Nizams rule edit
The region of Hingoli and Aurangabad were a major hub for the military stations and depot during the time of Nizam as well as during the British rule. Also Hyderabad State took special work to build Dams, modify and renovate the existing underwater system, particularly in Aurangabad. Major works were undertaken to build railways (Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway) connecting the city of Hyderabad to Bombay (now Mumbai) via Aurangabad. Handlooms and paper factories were established in Kaghzipura near Aurangabad. Religious sites were developed in Khuldabad.
Temporary guest houses were built for Sikh devotees in Nanded which lies in ruins due to neglect by the government authorities. Also roads connecting to Ahmedabad were initiated.[6]
Cities and districts edit
Major cities of Marathwada region edit
All the cities below have population of more than 100,000 with Aurangabad having 1.1 million inhabitants per the 2011 census.
Districts edit
There are Municipal Corporations at Aurangabad Municipal Corporation,[7] Nanded-Waghala Municipal Corporation,[8] Latur Municipal Corporation,Parbhani Municipal Corporation and Jalna Municipal Corporation.[9]
Tourism edit
The state government recognises Aurangabad as the "Tourism Capital of Maharashtra".[10] There are various tourist attractions in Aurangabad. Other places visited by tourists are:
Education edit
Marathwada has four government medical colleges, situated at Aurangabad, Latur, Nanded and Ambajogai. The region also has good government engineering colleges such as SGGS Nanded, Aurangabad Government Engineering College. It also has three major universities, being Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University at Aurangabad, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University at Parbhani, and Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University at Nanded.[citation needed]
The foundation of agricultural research in Marathwada region of Hyderabad state was laid by the 7th Nizam of Hyderabad Mir Osman Ali Khan with the commencement of the Main Experimental Farm in 1918 in Parbhani. During the Nizam's rule agricultural education was available only at Hyderabad; crop research centers for sorghum, cotton and fruits existed in Parbhani. After independence, this facility was developed further by the Indian government which was renamed as Marathwada Agriculture University on 18 May 1972.[6] The Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai (formerly known as UDCT) has a satellite campus located in Jalna which was established in 2018.
Droughts and suicide of farmers edit
Marathwada is affected by frequent anomalies in rainfall during Monsoon season, which accounts for almost 80 percent of the annual rainfall. The average annual rainfall over the division is 882 mm. Almost three-fourths of the Marathwada division is covered by farmlands. Hence, drought continues to have a considerable impact on the life of farmers.[11]
In some Marathwada districts recurring droughts have forced people to drink fluoride-contaminated groundwater from borewells which has inflicted debilitating fluorosis on many.[12]
The region also sees high instances of farmer suicides. According to government records, 422 farmers in Marathwada committed suicide in 2014. This was because of their inability to bear crop losses and a financial quandary made acute by water scarcity and an agrarian crisis.[13] 2014 was the third consecutive year of low rainfall, and when rainfall did occur it was sometimes untimely and damaged crops. Of the 422 suicides, 252 cases were due to an inability to repay agricultural loans. There have been more than 117 farmer suicides in the first two months of 2017.[13] According to a study by IIT Bombay, the severe or extreme droughts have frequently occurred in major portions of Marathwada, in the last few decades.[11]
See also edit
References edit
Notes
- ^ Marathwada is not separate political or administrative entity so there is no reference of population by name of "Marathwada", population has been calculated by adding population of 8 districts of Marathwada.
- ^ Marathwada is not separate political or administrative entity so there is no reference of population by name of "Marathwada", population for each religion has been calculated by adding population of 8 districts of Marathwada.
Citations
- ^ a b c d "District wise Demography". Census 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
- ^ Kate, P. V. (1987). Marathwada under the Nizams, 1724-1948. Delhi, India: Mittal Publications. p. 3. ISBN 978-8170990178.
- ^ "Maharashtra Population Census data 2011". Government of India. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
- ^ 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue
- ^ a b "Population By Religious Community" (XLSX). censusindia.gov.in. 2011.
- ^ a b . mkv. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
- ^ "NWCMC Home Page". Nwcmc.gov.in. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
- ^ "Index of /".
- ^ "World News Headlines". Newkerala.com. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
- ^ a b Swain, S; et al. (2017). "Application of SPI, EDI and PNPI using MSWEP precipitation data over Marathwada, India". 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). Vol. 2017. pp. 5505–5507. doi:10.1109/IGARSS.2017.8128250. ISBN 978-1-5090-4951-6. S2CID 26920225.
- ^ "Marathwada's troubled waters harm your bones". People's Archive of Rural India.
- ^ a b Jog, Sanjay (5 December 2014). "422 farmer suicides in 2014 in Marathwada gives BJP govt the jitters | Business Standard News". Business Standard India. Business-standard.com. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
Further reading edit
- Beyond Economic Development: A Case Study of Marathwada
- Cane cultivation leaving Marathwada bone dry: Study -The Times of India
- Photo-essay on the 2016 drought in Marathwada
- Have India's farm suicides really declined? -BBC article
- In worst drought year, Marathwada emerges new suicide region -Indian Express
- 'Wrong method used to calculate Vidarbha, Marathwada backlog' - The Times of India
- Lucien D. Benichou (1 January 2000). From Autocracy to Integration: Political Developments in Hyderabad State, 1938-1948. Orient Blackswan. ISBN 978-81-250-1847-6.