Minzu University of China

Minzu University of China (MUC, Chinese: 中央民族大学) is a national public university in Haidian District, Beijing, China designated for ethnic minorities in China.

Minzu University of China

中央民族大学
Former names	The Central University for Nationalities
Motto	Diversity in unity, theory in practice
Type	National
Established	1941; 82 years ago (1941)
Affiliation	State Ethnic Affairs Commission
Academic staff	1,200
Administrative staff	1,991 (including academic staff)
Students	15,800
Undergraduates	11,200
Postgraduates	4,600
Location	Beijing , Beijing Municipality , People's Republic of China 39°56′54″N 116°19′03″E / 39.94833°N 116.31750°E / 39.94833; 116.31750Coordinates: 39°56′54″N 116°19′03″E / 39.94833°N 116.31750°E / 39.94833; 116.31750
Campus	Urban
Website	www.muc.edu.cn
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese	中央民族大学
Traditional Chinese	中央民族大學
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhōngyāng Mínzú Dàxúe

MUC was selected as one of national key universities to directly receive funding from Double First Class University Plan, former Project 211 and Project 985, aspiring to become a worldwide leading university.^[1] It is a Chinese state Class A Double First Class University identified by the Ministry of Education.^[2] It is colloquially known as Míndà in Putonghua. It was formerly known in English as the Central University for Nationalities (CUN).

Minzu University ranked first in China among universities for ethnic minorities.^[3] It aims to be one of the best universities of its kind in the world for inheriting and promoting the excellent culture of all ethnic groups.^[4] With the strong support of Chinese government, it has developed rapidly over the years. MUC is one of the most prestigious universities in China in ethnology, anthropology, ethnic economies, regional economics, religion studies, history, dance, and fine arts.^[5]

Name

 

East gate of Minzu University of China in March 2017, showing both Chinese and English names of the university

The Chinese name has the meaning "central ethnic university", suggesting a national-level university focused on serving minority ethnic groups. The old English name translated the ethnic term as "nationalities", based on the term used in German and Russian language Marxist texts. On 20 November 2008, the university changed its official English name,^[6] apparently citing concerns that "central" might imply a location in the geographical centre of China (as it does in South-Central University for Nationalities), and the old name did not sound good. The name change of Renmin University has been cited as a precedent. The new name obscures the university's ethnic character, although student opinion has focused more on the fact that it makes obsolete the university's nickname, "the village". The Chinese word for village (Chinese: 村; pinyin: cūn) has a Hanyu pinyin spelling similar to the English abbreviation "CUN". In mainland Chinese culture, villages have homely connotations.^{[citation needed]}

Academic programmes

The university awards undergraduate-level degrees in 55 academic subjects, usually after four years of study. There are 64 master's and 25 doctoral programmes. While young people from the majority Han group are the largest single ethnicity among the 15,000 students, 60% of the students and more than one third of the academic staff are from other nationalities.^{[citation needed]} In addition to traditional course offerings the school offers special majors and courses such as ethnology, ethnic languages, and minority literature.

By far the strongest research areas are anthropology and ethnology, which are the mainstays of its small publishing house and journal. In 2001, the People's Daily described CUN as "China's top academy for ethnic studies."^[7] Other respected departments are the dance school and the minority language and literature departments. Other subjects are often studied from the ethnic minorities' perspective, e.g., biology courses may focus on the flora and fauna in ethnic minority areas of China.^{[citation needed]}

Minzu University participates actively in social sciences research. Its social science departments predominantly do their research with an ethnic perspective and has achieved leading research results in China in ethnic economies, regional economics, legal studies in ethnic minorities regions, ethnic administration. In particular, its economics, management, law and history departments are growing into be dynamic research institutions with the help of Project 985.

The university is the pinnacle of a national network of institutions maintained by the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, although academic standards are also monitored by the State Education Commission, which means some students end up sitting for two sets of exams.^{[citation needed]}

Students are required to take courses on Chinese minority theories and Marxism.

In English-speaking countries, Minzu University's main partner is the University of East London, United Kingdom.^{[citation needed]}

Rankings and reputation

University rankings
Regional – Overall
QS Asia^[8]	301-350
QS BRICS^[9]	271-280
National – Overall
BCUR National^[10]	91
QS National^[11]	90

Minzu University is ranked first in China among universities that originated as "ethnic minorities".^[3] In 2020, Minzu University of China ranked 582nd among the universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings.^[12]

It also ranked 301-350th in Asia by the QS Asia University Rankings^[13] and 271-280th among BRICS countries by the QS BRICS University Rankings.^[14]

Internationally, Minzu University of China was ranked amongst top 2000 in the world by the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) and University Ranking by Academic Performance.^[15][16]

History

The Communist Party of China first established a Nationalities Institute in its Civil War stronghold of Yan'an, in central China, in October 1941. In 1950-1952, this was merged with other ethnolinguistic and sociological departments, including elements of Peking University and Tsinghua University. The result was the Central Institute for Nationalities,^{[citation needed]} which was established in 1951 and officially opened on 11 June 1952. The institute was assigned a large area of parkland on the outskirts of Beijing as its campus.^{[citation needed]}

Both the Yan'an and Central institutes were intended to train cadres (officials) for ethnic minority areas, as well as providing a liberal arts education for promising students from the minorities.^{[citation needed]} The cadres were to be trained so they could serve as liaisons between their minority communities and the Chinese government. Their research was and is intended to support the policies of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission. In its early years, the institute was caught up in the sensitive issue of classifying China's vast population into official ethnic groups, until the Cultural Revolution made conventional education almost impossible.^{[citation needed]}

With the advent of Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up policy (c. 1978), the institute went through considerable changes. On the downside, it lost most of its campus to development projects; it is now in a heavily built-up area. Financial pressures in the early 21st century led to a rapid rise in student numbers, particularly of Han students.

On the upside, the institute expanded into science subjects during the 1980s and achieved university status on 30 November 1993. In 1999 it was granted "key university" status,^{[citation needed]} as part of Project 211, which was supposed to identify 100 Chinese universities that would play leading roles in the 21st century. Since 2004 the university has been a participant in Project 985, a major national programme to raise 39 universities to world-class status. The campus has been almost completely reconstructed as part of this programme.^{[citation needed]}

Meanwhile, Haidian has continued to develop as Beijing's main university district. CUN is now adjacent to the National Library of China and Zhongguancun, which local media refer to as "China's silicon valley."^[17] In 2006 a large site was acquired in Beijing's Fengtai district, and it is likely that a second campus will be constructed there.^[18]

Admissions

To ensure that members of the 56 recognized minority groups are admitted the school has fixed quotas for each group. As of 2011, Minzu University accepts National Higher Education Entrance Examination (Gaokao) scores with a minimum in the mid-400s, or below the 50th percentile. Out of the Beijing universities, this has one of the lowest acceptance requirements.

In China a university may admit a student whose score is barely below the cutoff score at its discretion. Sometimes minimum score levels were lowered to ensure that students from among the least-accepted minority groups would be permitted entry. The school offers remedial courses, including a one-year tutorial course that reviews the final year of senior secondary school and remedial Chinese courses to assist minority students to enroll.

The university has bridging programs to select minority students at Chinese secondary schools who are high achieving so they can attend Minzu University to prepare them for entering the highest ranked universities in Beijing. The government pays tuition for these programs.

Notable students and faculty

• Arken Abdulla, Uyghur and Mandarin Chinese language pop singer-songwriter
• Kahar Barat, Uyghur-American historian^[19]
• Fei Xiaotong, sociologist and anthropologist
• D. O. Chaoke, Evenki linguist
• Han Geng, Mandopop singer and actor
• Song Zuying, an ethnic Miao singer of classical Chinese and Western songs, who performed at the 2008 Summer Olympics closing ceremony
• Ilham Tohti, an ethnic Uyghur, who was a professor of economics at Minzu University.^{[20][21][22][23]} He was detained by police in July 2009 following riots in Ürümqi^[24] In September 2014 he was sentenced to life in prison by the Urumqi People's Intermediate Court.^[25]
• Ulan Tuya (born 1983), Chinese singer/songwriter
• Wu'erkaixi, dissident, student leader of the 1989 Tiananmen protests
• Zhang Chengzhi, writer, once audited a class in Kazakh^[26]
• Kao Chin Su-mei, Taiwanese Aborigine actress, singer and member for parliament in the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China (Taiwan) for Highland Aborigines electoral district
• Xu Han, professor at Minzu University (graduated from Tsinghua University) and creator of Ali the Fox^{[citation needed]}
• Mi Na, contemporary artist

See also

• Demographics of Beijing

Other universities for ethnic minorities in the People's Republic of China:

• South-Central University for Nationalities
• Southwest Minzu University
• Northwest Minzu University
• North Minzu University
• Dalian Minzu University
• Guangxi University for Nationalities
• Yunnan University for Nationalities
• Qinghai University for Nationalities
• Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities

Notes

• The Central University for Nationalities (undated, but c.2000). Beijing: CUN International Relations Office. A prospectus for Chinese and foreign students; the source for many of the dates and statistics in the first section.

References

1. "Project 211 and 985 - China Education Center". www.chinaeducenter.com. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
2. "教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委 关于公布世界一流大学和一流学科建设高校及建设 学科名单的通知 (Notice from the Ministry of Education and other national governmental departments announcing the list of double first class universities and disciplines)".
3. "ShanghaiRankings of Chinese National Universities". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 2021-09-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
4. "Minzu University of China Introduction". www.muc.edu.cn. Retrieved 2021-09-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
5. "2020 China's best subject ranking". www.shanghairanking.cn. Retrieved 2021-09-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
6. 中央民族大学关于启用新英文校名的通知. 中央民族大学桌报 (Minzu University of China Weekly) (in Chinese). 忠言民族大学校报编辑部. 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-31.^{[permanent dead link]}
7. [1]^{[permanent dead link]}
8. "QS University Rankings: Asia 2021". Top Universities.
9. "QS University Rankings: BRICS 2019". Top Universities.
10. "Overall Ranking, Best Chinese Universities Rankings - 2019". www.shanghairanking.com.
11. "QS University Rankings - Minzu University of China}". Top Universities.
12. "SCImago Institutions Rankings - Higher Education - All Regions and Countries - 2020 - Overall Rank". www.scimagoir.com.
13. "Minzu University of China". Top Universities. 2015-07-16. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
14. "QS University Rankings: BRICS 2019". Top Universities. 2018-10-02. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
15. "URAP - University Ranking by Academic Academic Performance". urapcenter.org. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
16. "Minzu University of China Ranking 2019-2020 - Center for World University Rankings (CWUR)". cwur.org. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
17. "Zhongguancun Electronics Avenue". www.china.org.cn.
18. 中央民族大学可能迁至丰台区校方尚未证实. People's Daily Online (in Chinese). 2006. Archived from the original on 2014-01-10. Retrieved 2008-04-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) ()
19. Uyghur Historian Kahar Barat Discusses Xinjiang History, Part 1, an English translation of Kahar Barat's interview by Wang Lixiong. (The Chinese original: 新疆的古代王朝与宗教转换, "The old kingdoms of Xinjiang and religious conversions")
20. "Uygur scholar sentenced to life in prison for secession". China Daily. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2017. Ilham Tohti, a Uygur former economics professor at Beijing's Minzu University, was sentenced to life in prison for secession by a court in Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, on Tuesday.
21. "China trial for Uighur academic Ilham Tohti". BBC News. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
22. Phillips, Tom (11 October 2016). "Ilham Tohti, Uighur imprisoned for life by China, wins major human rights prize". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
23. 安德烈 (7 March 2009). "伊力哈木土赫提：警惕把疆独问题扩大化的危险". Radio France Internationale. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
24. "Outspoken Economist Presumed Detained". Radio Free Asia. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) () "According to his official biography, Tohti was born in Atush, Xinjiang, on Oct. 25, 1969. He graduated from the Northeast Normal University and the Economics School at the Central Nationalities University in Beijing."
25. Gracie, Carrie (23 September 2014). "China jails prominent Uighur academic Ilham Tohti for life". BBC News. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
26. "影响中国社科院博导的书籍 (Books which have influenced the professors at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)". Xinhua News Agency. 2004-03-15. Archived from the original on 2014-01-10. Retrieved 2007-04-17.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) ()

External links

• Official website (in Chinese)
• Official website (Archive)
• "University of Ethnic Communities." (Archive), China.org.cn, China Internet Information Center - Feature of the university from a guide to Beijing