"Mill village" redirects here. For other uses, see Mill Village.
A mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is typically a settlement that developed around one or more mills or factories, often cotton mills or factories producing textiles.
The town grew out of a textile factory founded in 1833 by the sons of Feliks Lubienski, who owned the land where it was built. They brought in a specialist from France and his newly designed machines. He was French inventor, Philippe de Girard from Lourmarin. He became a director of the firm.[5] The factory town developed during the 19th century into a significant textile mill town in Poland. In honour of Girard, 'Ruda Guzowska' as the original estate was called, was renamed Żyrardów, a toponym derived of the polonised spelling of Girard's name.
Most of Żyrardów's monuments are located in the manufacturing area which dates from the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is widely believed that Żyrardów's textile settlement is the only entire urban industrial complex from the 19th-century to be preserved in Europe.
Some former mill towns have a symbol of the textile industry in their town badge. Some towns may have statues dedicated to textile workers (e.g. Colne[6]) or have a symbol in the badge of local schools (e.g. Ossett School).
The list above includes some towns where textiles was not the predominant industry. For example, mining was a key industry in Wigan and Leigh in Greater Manchester, and in Ossett in Yorkshire.
Spindleage of some large mill towns in and around Greater Manchester[notes 1] between 1830 and 1962
On his tour of northern England in 1849, Scottish publisher Angus Reach said:
In general, these towns wear a monotonous sameness of aspect, physical and moral ... In fact, the social condition of the different town populations is almost as much alike as the material appearance of the tall chimneys under which they live. Here and there the height of the latter may differ by a few rounds of brick, but in all essential respects, a description of one is a description of all.[8]
In the 20th century, alternatives to water power were developed, and it became more profitable for companies to manufacture textiles in southern states where cotton was grown and winters did not require significant heating costs. Finally, the Great Depression acted as a catalyst that sent several struggling New England firms into bankruptcy.
^Powell, Rob (1986). In the Wake of King Cotton. Rochdale Art Gallery. p. 12.
^WRITER, ALAN BURKE STAFF. "Leather goes to War at Peabody's Leather Museum".
^"Peabody Institute Library : Online Collections". peabodylibrary.pastperfectonline.com.
January 01, 1970
mill, town, places, called, milltown, milltown, book, mill, town, reckoning, with, what, remains, mill, village, redirects, here, other, uses, mill, village, mill, town, also, known, factory, town, mill, village, typically, settlement, that, developed, around,. For places called Milltown see Milltown For the book see Mill Town Reckoning with What Remains Mill village redirects here For other uses see Mill Village A mill town also known as factory town or mill village is typically a settlement that developed around one or more mills or factories often cotton mills or factories producing textiles Contents 1 Europe 1 1 Italy 1 2 Poland 1 2 1 Zyrardow 1 3 Russian Empire 1 4 United Kingdom 2 North America 2 1 United States 2 1 1 New England and Northeast 2 1 2 Midwest 2 1 3 South 2 2 Sawmill towns 3 South America 3 1 Colombia 4 See also 5 Notes 6 ReferencesEurope editItaly edit nbsp Crespi d Adda Italy Crespi d Adda UNESCO World Heritage Site 1 Nuovo quartiere operaio in Schio Villaggio Leumann a Collegno 2 Villaggio Frua in Saronno 3 Villaggio operaio della Filatura in Tollegno 4 Poland edit nbsp Zyrardow winter panorama of main square Zyrardow edit The town grew out of a textile factory founded in 1833 by the sons of Feliks Lubienski who owned the land where it was built They brought in a specialist from France and his newly designed machines He was French inventor Philippe de Girard from Lourmarin He became a director of the firm 5 The factory town developed during the 19th century into a significant textile mill town in Poland In honour of Girard Ruda Guzowska as the original estate was called was renamed Zyrardow a toponym derived of the polonised spelling of Girard s name Most of Zyrardow s monuments are located in the manufacturing area which dates from the 19th and early 20th centuries It is widely believed that Zyrardow s textile settlement is the only entire urban industrial complex from the 19th century to be preserved in Europe Russian Empire edit Bogorodsk Glukhovo factory Nikolskoye Vladimir Governorate United Kingdom edit nbsp East Mill in Derbyshire UK In the United Kingdom the term mill town usually refers to the 19th century textile manufacturing towns of northern England and the Scottish Lowlands particularly those in Lancashire cotton and Yorkshire wool Some former mill towns have a symbol of the textile industry in their town badge Some towns may have statues dedicated to textile workers e g Colne 6 or have a symbol in the badge of local schools e g Ossett School County Towns Cheshire mill towns Congleton Crewe Macclesfield Derbyshire mill towns Glossop Hadfield New Mills Greater Manchester mill towns Ashton under Lyne Bolton Bury Chadderton Failsworth Heywood Hyde Lees Leigh Manchester Middleton Oldham Radcliffe Ramsbottom Reddish Rochdale Royton Shaw and Crompton Stalybridge Stockport Wigan Lancashire mill towns Accrington Bacup Barnoldswick Blackburn Burnley Calder Vale Chorley Colne Darwen Nelson Oakenclough Padiham Preston for others see table below Yorkshire mill towns Batley Bingley Bradford Brighouse Cleckheaton Dewsbury Elland Halifax Hebden Bridge Heckmondwike Holmfirth Huddersfield Keighley Morley Mytholmroyd Ossett Pudsey Shipley Skipton Sowerby Bridge Todmorden Yeadon The list above includes some towns where textiles was not the predominant industry For example mining was a key industry in Wigan and Leigh in Greater Manchester and in Ossett in Yorkshire Spindleage of some large mill towns in and around Greater Manchester notes 1 between 1830 and 1962 Date 1883 1893 1903 1913 1923 1926 1933 1944 1953 1962 Accrington 590 438 467 660 191 718 469 287 152 92 Ashton 1 574 1 731 1 781 1 955 1898 1 144 644 633 182 Blackburn 1 671 1 398 1 321 1 280 1 224 1 071 672 451 309 103 Bolton 4 086 4 770 5 457 6 797 7 371 7 842 7 507 6 204 4 886 1 772 Burnley 1 126 734 667 563 538 507 240 182 144 14 Bury 875 899 833 955 1050 1000 745 630 524 268 Chorley 552 527 541 856 838 837 739 491 397 122 Farnworth 557 779 966 1 485 1 478 1 484 1 344 1 237 1 104 162 Glossop 1 106 1 158 968 882 821 839 524 204 154 10 Heywood 660 887 836 1 070 1 100 1 096 864 545 533 68 Hyde 590 499 533 741 793 696 475 366 337 58 Leigh 1 337 1 514 1 679 2 445 2 761 2 925 2 891 2 615 2 336 548 Manchester 2 445 2 353 2 225 3 703 3 307 3 439 3 417 2 974 1 934 271 Middleton 498 494 645 1 278 1 268 1 252 1 041 1 193 923 161 Mossley 1 153 1 217 1 033 1 288 1 297 1 289 371 264 256 Oldham 9 311 11 159 12 230 16 909 17 231 17 669 13 732 8 948 7 621 2 478 Preston 2 146 1 883 2 074 2 161 1 997 1 965 1 592 1 146 1 024 278 Rochdale 1 627 1 835 2 422 3 645 3 749 3 793 3 539 2 459 1 936 983 Stalybridge 1 083 1 157 1 027 1 236 1 104 1 103 801 483 426 122 Stockport 1 601 1 742 1 568 2 266 2 382 1 924 1 427 1 141 154 Wigan 864 775 888 1 085 1 123 1 141 922 681 575 352 In thousands of spindles 7 On his tour of northern England in 1849 Scottish publisher Angus Reach said In general these towns wear a monotonous sameness of aspect physical and moral In fact the social condition of the different town populations is almost as much alike as the material appearance of the tall chimneys under which they live Here and there the height of the latter may differ by a few rounds of brick but in all essential respects a description of one is a description of all 8 Angus Reach Morning Chronicle 1849North America editUnited States edit New England and Northeast edit nbsp Peabody Massachusetts A C Lawrence Leather Co a factory town c 1910 9 10 nbsp The Androscoggin River at Berlin New Hampshire Beginning with Samuel Slater and technological information smuggled out of England by Francis Cabot Lowell large mills were established in New England in the early to mid 19th century Mill towns sometimes planned built and owned as a company town grew in the shadow of the industries The region became a manufacturing powerhouse along rivers like the Housatonic Quinebaug Shetucket Blackstone Merrimack Nashua Cocheco Saco Androscoggin Kennebec or Winooski In the 20th century alternatives to water power were developed and it became more profitable for companies to manufacture textiles in southern states where cotton was grown and winters did not require significant heating costs Finally the Great Depression acted as a catalyst that sent several struggling New England firms into bankruptcy State Towns Connecticut mill towns Ansonia Bridgeport Bristol Danbury Derby East Windsor Enfield Glastonbury Hartford Killingly Madison Manchester Meriden Middletown Milford Naugatuck New Britain New Haven New London Norwich Putnam Sandy Hook Seymour Shelton Torrington Vernon Waterbury Willimantic Winchester Windham Windsor Locks Maine mill towns Anson Auburn Augusta Baileyville Biddeford Brunswick Chisholm Corinna Lewiston Lincoln Lisbon Falls Livermore Falls Millinocket Milo Newport Old Town Orono Pittsfield Portland Rumford Saco Sanford Skowhegan Waterville Westbrook Wilton Massachusetts mill towns See also List of mill towns in Massachusetts Adams Amesbury Athol Attleboro Boston Chicopee Clinton Dalton Dedham Fall River Fitchburg Framingham Gardner Grafton Greenfield Haverhill Holyoke Hopesdale Hudson Lawrence Lowell Ludlow Lynn Maynard Medford Merrimac Methuen Milford Millbury Monson New Bedford North Adams North Andover Northbridge Orange Palmer Peabody Pittsfield Rowley Russell Southbridge Springfield Taunton Uxbridge Waltham Ware Webster Westborough Winchendon Worcester New Hampshire mill towns Belmont Berlin Claremont Concord Dover East Rochester Franklin Gonic Gorham Greenville Groveton Harrisville Jaffrey Keene Laconia Lancaster Lebanon Lincoln Manchester Milford Milton Nashua Newmarket Newport Penacook Pittsfield Rochester Rollinsford Somersworth Suncook Tilton Troy Wilton New Jersey mill towns Allaire Allentown Bernards Boonton Butler Camden Chester Clinton Cranbury Cranford Dover Eatontown Elizabeth Freehold Griggstown Helmetta Hillsborough Imlaystown Jamesburg Kearny Kingston Little Falls Manville Medford Millhurst Milltown Millville New Brunswick Newark Orange Paterson Perth Amboy Plainfield Prallsville Rahway Raritan Roselle Park Smithville South Brunswick Stillwater Tinton Falls Trenton Walnford Wharton Woodbridge New York mill towns Albany Amsterdam Aurora on Cayuga Belmont Bloomvale Buffalo Clinton Corning Gardiner Ithaca Kingston Little Falls Marlboro Mechanicville Middletown Montgomery New Berlin New York Mills Newburgh Newcomb Niles Philmont Poughkeepsie Rochester Rome Roslyn Saddle Rock Schenectady Schuylerville Sleepy Hollow Stony Brook Sunset Park Syracuse Troy Utica Victory Water Mill Rhode Island mill towns Bristol Burrillville Central Falls Coventry Cumberland Lincoln Pawtucket Providence Slatersville Valley Falls West Warwick Westerly Woonsocket Vermont mill towns Bellows Falls Bethel Brattleboro Bridgewater Burlington Ludlow Newport Springfield Vergennes Winooski nbsp Assawaga Mill Dayville CT in 1909 nbsp American Thread Co Mill Willimantic CT c 1910 nbsp Hollingsworth amp Whitney Paper Mill Waterville ME c 1920 nbsp Cumberland Mills Westbrook ME c 1902 nbsp Mill Street Attleboro MA in 1908 nbsp Arlington Mills Lawrence MA in 1907 nbsp Merrimack Falls Lawrence MA c 1905 nbsp Amoskeag Mills Manchester NH c 1912 nbsp Jackson Mills Nashua NH in 1907 nbsp Alice Mills Woonsocket RI in 1911 nbsp Colchester Mills Winooski VT in 1907 Midwest edit State Towns Wisconsin mill towns Biron Biron Mill South edit State Towns Alabama mill towns Fairfax Fairfax Mill and Fair View Mill Lanett Lanett Mill Langdale Langdale Mill Sylacauga Avondale Mill Opelika Opelika Mill River View Riverdale Mill Shawmut Shawmut Mill Valley Carter Lanier Mill Arkansas mill towns Amity Beirne Calion Crossett Delight Dierks Glenwood Jones Mill Malvern Mountain Pine Georgia mill towns Bibb City Cabbagetown Chicopee Hogansville New Holland New Manchester Maryland mill towns Ellicott City Jerusalem Oella Owings Mills Savage North Carolina mill towns Alamance Altamahaw Bellemont Burlington Bynum Canton Caroleen Carolina Carrboro Cliffside Coleridge Concord Cooleemee Cramerton Drexel Eden Edgemont East Durham Enka Falls Franklinville Glen Raven Glencoe Hanes Haw River Henrietta High Falls High Shoals Hildebran Hope Mills Kannapolis Long Shoals Mayodan McAdenville Mooresville Mount Holly Oakdale Ramseur Rhodhiss Riegelwood Roanoke Rapids Sawmills Saxapahaw Spencer Mountain Swepsonville West Durham West Hillsborough South Carolina mill towns Cateechee Central Cherokee Falls Columbia Olympia and Granby Mills Fort Mill Graniteville Great Falls Inman Joanna La France Lockhart Lyman Newry Pacolet Mills Pelzer Piedmont Slater Startex Ware Shoals Watts Mills Whitmire nbsp Model Mill Settlement Chadwick Mills Charlotte N C Published c 1905 1915 nbsp White Oak Cotton Mills Greensboro N C c 1914 nbsp Aerial view of Ware Shoals Mill Sawmill towns edit State Towns Illinois Carrier Mills Harrisburg Oregon Roseburg Washington Longview Wisconsin Eau ClaireSouth America editColombia edit San Jose de SuaitaSee also editCompany town Industrial district Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor Old Great Falls Historic District Paterson NJNotes edit Sourced from a book entitled Cotton Mills of Greater Manchester although not all of these towns are within Greater Manchester References edit Crespi D Adda UNESCO Sito ufficiale in Italian Retrieved 5 February 2019 Associazione Amici della Scuola del Villaggio Leumann in Italian Retrieved 5 February 2019 Abitare a Saronno tra 800 e 900 PDF in Italian Retrieved 5 February 2019 Villaggio operaio della Filatura in Italian Retrieved 5 February 2019 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Girard Philippe Henri de Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed Cambridge University Press Steel statue tribute of mill girl BBC 24 July 2018 Williams Mike Farnie 1992 Cotton Mills of Greater Manchester Carnegie Publishing ISBN 0 9487898 9 1 Powell Rob 1986 In the Wake of King Cotton Rochdale Art Gallery p 12 WRITER ALAN BURKE STAFF Leather goes to War at Peabody s Leather Museum Peabody Institute Library Online Collections peabodylibrary pastperfectonline com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mill town amp oldid 1223431815 United Kingdom, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
