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List of major rivers of India

May 04, 2024

The rivers in India play an important role in the lives of its people. They provide potable water, cheap transportation, electricity, and the livelihood for many people nationwide. This easily explains why nearly all the major cities of India are located by the banks of rivers. The rivers also have an important role in Hindu Religion and are considered holy by many Hindus in the country.[1]

Seven major rivers along with their numerous tributaries make up the river system of India. The largest basin system pours its waters into the Bay of Bengal; however, some of the rivers whose courses take them through the western part of the country and towards the east of the state of Himachal Pradesh empty into the Arabian Sea. Parts of Ladakh, northern parts of the Aravalli range and the arid parts of the Thar Desert have inland drainage.

All major rivers of India originate from one of the following main watersheds:

  1. Aravalli range
  2. Eastern Ghats ranges
  3. Himalaya and Karakoram ranges
  4. Western Ghats ranges
  5. Vindhya and Satpura ranges and Chotanagpur plateau in central India

eastern Himalayan glaciers in the Indian subcontinent are broadly divided into three river basins, namely the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra. The Indus basin has the largest number of glaciers (3500), whereas the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins contain about 1000 and 660 glaciers, respectively.[2] The Ganges is the largest river system in India. However, these rivers are just three among many. Other examples are Narmada, Tapathi, and Godavari.

The Indo-Gangetic plains edit

The Indo gangetic plains are known as Ganga-Satluj Ka Maidaan (गँगा सतलुज का मैदान), this area is drained by 16 major rivers. The major Himalayan Rivers are the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra. These rivers are long, and are joined by many large and important tributaries. Himalayan rivers have long courses from their source to sea (in India Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal).

 
Laxman Jhoola in Rishikesh

Aravalli Range River System edit

Following rivers flow from the Aravalli range, both northwards to Yamuna as well as southwards to Arabian Sea.

  • North-to-south flowing rivers, originate from the western slopes of Aravalli range in Rajasthan, pass through the southeastern portion of the Thar Desert, and end into Gujarat.
  • West to north-west flowing rivers, originate from the western slopes of Aravalli range in Rajasthan, flow through semi-arid historical Shekhawati region, drain into southern Haryana. Several Ochre Coloured Pottery culture sites, also identified as late Harappan phase of Indus Valley civilisation culture,[3] has been found along the banks of these rivers.
  • West to north-east flowing rivers, originating from the eastern slopes of Aravalli range in Rajasthan, flow northwards to Yamuna.
    • Chambal River,1,024 kilometres (636 mi) a southern-side tributary of Yamuna river.
      • Banas River, 529 kilometres (329 mi) a northern-side tributary of Chambal river.
        • Berach River, 236 kilometres (147 mi) a southern-side tributary of Banas River, originates in the hills of Udaipur District.
          • Ahar River, 100 kilometres (62 mi) a right-side (or eastern side) tributary of the Berach river, originates in the hills of Udaipur District, flows through Udaipur city forming the famous Lake Pichola.
          • Wagli Wagon River, a right-side tributary of the Berach River.
          • Gambhiri River, a right-side tributary of the Berach river.
          • Orai River, a right-side tributary of the Berach River.

Ganges River System edit

The major rivers in this system are (in order of merging, from west to east)

  • Ganges - 2,525 kilometres (1,569 mi)[8] Starting from Gangotri Glacier, Uttarakhand, India
  • Chambal - 1,024 kilometres (636 mi) Flows through Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and merges into Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh
  • Betwa - 676 kilometres (420 mi) Not Himalayan river, covers Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh before merging Yamuna
  • Yamuna - 1,376 kilometres (855 mi) Yamuna runs its most of the course parallel to Ganga before contributing its water to Ganga at Prayagraj. Largest of Ganga's southern tributaries
  • Gomti - 529 kilometres (329 mi) Starts near the junction of three borders viz. Nepal, Uttarakhand and UP
  • Ghaghra - 1,156 kilometres (718 mi) Starts in Nepal near Uttarakhand
  • Son - 784 kilometres (487 mi) Not Himalayan river, covers MP, UP, Jharkhand and Bihar. Second Largest of Ganga's southern tributaries
  • Gandak - 652 kilometres (405 mi) Starts from Nepal
  • Kosi - 725 kilometres (450 mi) Starts from Nepal
  • Brahmaputra - 3,969 kilometres (2,466 mi) Merges with Ganga in Bangladesh. By now, flow velocity of both rivers slow down to considerable extent as they are in plains now.

Before entering Bangladesh, near Farakka in Malda District, Ganga leaves a distributary Hoogly, 450 kilometres (280 mi) which provides water for irrigation in West Bengal

Brahmaputra River System edit

 
Brahmaputra River basin across Northeast India

The Brahmaputra river originates / starts from Tibet.

Main articles: Brahmaputra River and List of rivers by length
  • Yarlung Tsangpo River - 2,809 kilometres (1,745 mi) originates and forms the upper stream of Brahmaputra in Tibet
  • Siang - 184 kilometres (114 mi) main river after it enters India in the state of Arunachal Pradesh
  • Dibang - major tributary flowing through Arunachal Pradesh before merging into the Brahmaputra River in Assam
  • Lohit - one of the three major tributaries of Brahmaputra flowing through Arunachal Pradesh from the easternmost India
  • Brahmaputra - 916 kilometres (569 mi) runs across the state of Assam from East to West, entering Bangladesh afterwards
  • Teesta - 324 kilometres (201 mi) one of the largest tributaries of Brahmaputra; originating in the borders of Sikkim and Tibet, flowing South it joins Brahmaputra in Bangladesh
  • Jamuna River (Bangladesh) - 196 kilometres (122 mi) the Brahmaputra is known as Jamuna in Bangladesh
  • Brahmaputra has Total length of 3,969 kilometres (2,466 mi) as per latest mapping.

Indus River System edit

The Indus River originates in the northern slopes of the Kailash range near Lake Manasarovar in Tibet. Although most of the river's course runs through neighbouring Pakistan, as per as regulation of Indus water treaty of 1960, India can use only 20 percent of the water in this river. A portion of it does run through Indian territory, as do parts of the course. The rivers forming Panjnad are Chenab, Satluj, Jhelum, Ravi and Beas These tributaries are the source of the name of the Punjab of South Asia; the name is derived from the panch ("five") and aab ("water"), hence the combination of the words (Punjab) means "land with the water of five rivers". The Indus is 3,610 kilometres (2,240 mi) long.

The major rivers in Indus river system are (in order of their length):

  • Indus - 3,610 kilometres (2,240 mi)
  • Sutlej - 1,372 kilometres (853 mi)
  • Chenab - 1,090 kilometres (680 mi)
  • Jhelum - 725 kilometres (450 mi)
  • Ravi - 729 kilometres (453 mi)
  • Beas - 484 kilometres (301 mi)
  • Shyok - 216 kilometres (134 mi)
  • Zanskar - 196 kilometres (122 mi)
  • Galwan - 138 kilometres (86 mi) tributary of Shyok

Annual flows and other data edit

India experiences an average precipitation of 1,170 millimetres (46 in) per year, or about 4,000 cubic kilometres (960 cu mi) of rains annually.[9] Some 80 percent of its area experiences rains of 50 inches (1,300 mm) or more a year. However, this rain is not uniform in time or geography. Most of the rains occur during its monsoon seasons (June to September), with the northeast and north receiving far more rains than India's west and south. Other than rains, the melting of snow year round over the Himalayas feeds the northern rivers to varying degrees. The southern rivers, however experience more flow variability over the year. For the Himalayan basin, this leads to flooding in some months and water scarcity in others. Despite extensive river system, safe clean drinking water as well as irrigation water supplies for sustainable agriculture are in shortage across India, in part because it has, as yet, harnessed a small fraction of its available and recoverable surface water resource.[10] India harnessed 761 cubic kilometres (183 cu mi) (20 percent) of its water resources in 2010, part of which came from unsustainable use of groundwater. Of the water it withdrew from its rivers and groundwater wells, India dedicated about 688 cubic kilometres (165 cu mi) to irrigation, 56 cubic kilometres (13 cu mi) to municipal and drinking water applications and 17 cubic kilometres (4.1 cu mi) to industry.[9]

According to 2011 report of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, India's basin wise distribution of catchment area and utilizable surface water resources is presented in the following table:[9]

Basin number River basin unit Region Draining into Catchment area
(% of river
irrigated India)		 Average
runoff
(km3)		 Additional available
surface water
(km3)
1.1 Ganges (GBM) North   Bangladesh 26.5 525.02 250
1.2 Brahmaputra (GBM) Northeast   Bangladesh 6 537.24 24
1.3 Meghna/Barak (GBM) East   Bangladesh 1.5 48.36
2 Other Northeast rivers Northeast   Myanmar,
  Bangladesh		 1.1 31
3 Subernarekha East-southeast Bay of Bengal 0.9 12.37
4 Brahmani-Baitarani East-southeast Bay of Bengal 1.6 28.48 6.8
5 Mahanadi Central-east Bay of Bengal 4.4 66.88 18.3
6 Godavari Central Bay of Bengal 9.7 110.54 50
7 Krishna Central Bay of Bengal 8 78.12 76.3
8 Pennar Southeast Bay of Bengal 1.7 6.32 58
9 Kaveri South Bay of Bengal 2.5 21.36 6.9
10 East flowing rivers between Mahanadi and Pennar Central-east Bay of Bengal 2.7 22.52 19
12 East flowing rivers between Kanyakumari and Pennar Southeast Bay of Bengal 3.1 16.46 13.1
13 West flowing rivers between Tadri and Kanyakumari Southwest Arabian Sea 1.7 113.53 16.7
14 West flowing rivers between Tapi and Tadri Southwest Arabian Sea 1.7 87.41 24.3
15 Tapi Central-west Arabian Sea 2 14.88 11.9
16 Narmada Central-west Arabian Sea 3.1 45.64 14.5
17 Mahi Northwest Arabian Sea 1.1 11.02 34.5
18 Sabarmati Northwest Arabian Sea 0.7 3.81 3.1
19 West flowing rivers between Kutch and Saurashtra Northwest Arabian Sea 10 15.1 1.9
20 Rajasthan inland basin Northwest   India 0 Negligible 15
21 Indus tributaries Northwest   Pakistan 10 73.31 46
Total
(per International Treaty)		 100 1869.37

The peninsular river system edit

The main water divide in peninsular rivers is formed by the Western Ghats, which run from north to south close to the western coast. Most of the major rivers of the peninsula such as the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri flow eastwards and drain into the Bay of Bengal. These rivers make delta at their mouths. The Narmada, Sharavati, Periyar and Tapti are the only long rivers, which flow west and make estuaries.

 
This chart shows the tributaries and distributaries of major rivers of India. The merging of cells to the right side each time indicates getting supply from a tributary and vice versa. The bottom-most row shows other rivers with no major helping rivers (Saryu is an exception). Flow of the rivers is assumed to be from left to right.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Sunil Vaidyanathan, Rivers of India, ISBN 978-8189738884, 2012
  2. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-14. Retrieved 2015-09-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) page no 361
  3. ^ Gupta, S.P., ed. (1995), The lost Sarasvati and the Indus Civilization, Jodhpur: Kusumanjali Prakashan
  4. ^ Cultural Contours of India: Dr. Satya Prakash Felicitation Volume, Vijai Shankar Śrivastava, 1981. ISBN 0391023586
  5. ^ "Sahibi river". from the original on 2017-10-12. Retrieved 2017-06-18.
  6. ^ "Books: Page 41, 42, 43, 44, 47 (b) Sahibi Nadi (River), River Pollution, By A.k.jain". from the original on 2023-07-16. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  7. ^ Minerals and Metals in Ancient India: Archaeological evidence, Arun Kumar Biswas, Sulekha Biswas, University of Michigan. 1996. ISBN 812460049X.
  8. ^ "ganga - INDIA WRIS WIKI". India Wris Wiki. 24 August 2021. from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  9. ^ a b c FAO, India - Rivers Catchment 2014-04-11 at the Wayback Machine, Aquastat, United Nations (2011)
  10. ^ K.L. Rao, India's Water Wealth, ISBN 978-8125007043, 1979

May 04, 2024
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The rivers in India play an important role in the lives of its people They provide potable water cheap transportation electricity and the livelihood for many people nationwide This easily explains why nearly all the major cities of India are located by the banks of rivers The rivers also have an important role in Hindu Religion and are considered holy by many Hindus in the country 1 Seven major rivers along with their numerous tributaries make up the river system of India The largest basin system pours its waters into the Bay of Bengal however some of the rivers whose courses take them through the western part of the country and towards the east of the state of Himachal Pradesh empty into the Arabian Sea Parts of Ladakh northern parts of the Aravalli range and the arid parts of the Thar Desert have inland drainage All major rivers of India originate from one of the following main watersheds Aravalli range Eastern Ghats ranges Himalaya and Karakoram ranges Western Ghats ranges Vindhya and Satpura ranges and Chotanagpur plateau in central India eastern Himalayan glaciers in the Indian subcontinent are broadly divided into three river basins namely the Indus Ganges and Brahmaputra The Indus basin has the largest number of glaciers 3500 whereas the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins contain about 1000 and 660 glaciers respectively 2 The Ganges is the largest river system in India However these rivers are just three among many Other examples are Narmada Tapathi and Godavari Contents 1 The Indo Gangetic plains 2 Aravalli Range River System 3 Ganges River System 4 Brahmaputra River System 5 Indus River System 6 Annual flows and other data 7 The peninsular river system 8 See also 9 ReferencesThe Indo Gangetic plains editThe Indo gangetic plains are known as Ganga Satluj Ka Maidaan ग ग सतल ज क म द न this area is drained by 16 major rivers The major Himalayan Rivers are the Indus Ganges and Brahmaputra These rivers are long and are joined by many large and important tributaries Himalayan rivers have long courses from their source to sea in India Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal nbsp Laxman Jhoola in RishikeshAravalli Range River System editFollowing rivers flow from the Aravalli range both northwards to Yamuna as well as southwards to Arabian Sea North to south flowing rivers originate from the western slopes of Aravalli range in Rajasthan pass through the southeastern portion of the Thar Desert and end into Gujarat Luni River 495 kilometres 308 mi originates in the Pushkar valley near Ajmer ends in the marshy lands of Rann of Kutch Sakhi river 265 kilometres 165 mi ends in the marshy lands of Rann of Kutch Sabarmati River 371 kilometres 231 mi originates on the western slopes of Aravalli range of the Udaipur District end into the Gulf of Cambay of Arabian Sea West to north west flowing rivers originate from the western slopes of Aravalli range in Rajasthan flow through semi arid historical Shekhawati region drain into southern Haryana Several Ochre Coloured Pottery culture sites also identified as late Harappan phase of Indus Valley civilisation culture 3 has been found along the banks of these rivers Sahibi River originates near Manoharpur in Sikar district flows through Haryana along with its following tributaries 4 5 6 7 Dohan river tributary of Sahibi river originates near Neem Ka Thana in Alwar district Sota River tributary of Sahibi river merges with Sahibi river at Behror in Alwar district Krishnavati river former tributary of Sahibi river originates near Dariba zinc and lead mines in Rajsamand district of Rajasthan flows through Patan in Dausa district and Mothooka in Alwar district then disappears in Mahendragarh district in Haryana much before reaching Sahibi river West to north east flowing rivers originating from the eastern slopes of Aravalli range in Rajasthan flow northwards to Yamuna Chambal River 1 024 kilometres 636 mi a southern side tributary of Yamuna river Banas River 529 kilometres 329 mi a northern side tributary of Chambal river Berach River 236 kilometres 147 mi a southern side tributary of Banas River originates in the hills of Udaipur District Ahar River 100 kilometres 62 mi a right side or eastern side tributary of the Berach river originates in the hills of Udaipur District flows through Udaipur city forming the famous Lake Pichola Wagli Wagon River a right side tributary of the Berach River Gambhiri River a right side tributary of the Berach river Orai River a right side tributary of the Berach River Ganges River System editThe major rivers in this system are in order of merging from west to east Ganges 2 525 kilometres 1 569 mi 8 Starting from Gangotri Glacier Uttarakhand India Chambal 1 024 kilometres 636 mi Flows through Madhya Pradesh Rajasthan and merges into Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh Betwa 676 kilometres 420 mi Not Himalayan river covers Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh before merging Yamuna Yamuna 1 376 kilometres 855 mi Yamuna runs its most of the course parallel to Ganga before contributing its water to Ganga at Prayagraj Largest of Ganga s southern tributaries Gomti 529 kilometres 329 mi Starts near the junction of three borders viz Nepal Uttarakhand and UP Ghaghra 1 156 kilometres 718 mi Starts in Nepal near Uttarakhand Son 784 kilometres 487 mi Not Himalayan river covers MP UP Jharkhand and Bihar Second Largest of Ganga s southern tributaries Gandak 652 kilometres 405 mi Starts from Nepal Kosi 725 kilometres 450 mi Starts from Nepal Brahmaputra 3 969 kilometres 2 466 mi Merges with Ganga in Bangladesh By now flow velocity of both rivers slow down to considerable extent as they are in plains now Before entering Bangladesh near Farakka in Malda District Ganga leaves a distributary Hoogly 450 kilometres 280 mi which provides water for irrigation in West BengalBrahmaputra River System edit nbsp Brahmaputra River basin across Northeast IndiaThe Brahmaputra river originates starts from Tibet Main articles Brahmaputra River and List of rivers by length Yarlung Tsangpo River 2 809 kilometres 1 745 mi originates and forms the upper stream of Brahmaputra in Tibet Siang 184 kilometres 114 mi main river after it enters India in the state of Arunachal Pradesh Dibang major tributary flowing through Arunachal Pradesh before merging into the Brahmaputra River in Assam Lohit one of the three major tributaries of Brahmaputra flowing through Arunachal Pradesh from the easternmost India Brahmaputra 916 kilometres 569 mi runs across the state of Assam from East to West entering Bangladesh afterwards Teesta 324 kilometres 201 mi one of the largest tributaries of Brahmaputra originating in the borders of Sikkim and Tibet flowing South it joins Brahmaputra in Bangladesh Jamuna River Bangladesh 196 kilometres 122 mi the Brahmaputra is known as Jamuna in Bangladesh Brahmaputra has Total length of 3 969 kilometres 2 466 mi as per latest mapping Indus River System editThe Indus River originates in the northern slopes of the Kailash range near Lake Manasarovar in Tibet Although most of the river s course runs through neighbouring Pakistan as per as regulation of Indus water treaty of 1960 India can use only 20 percent of the water in this river A portion of it does run through Indian territory as do parts of the course The rivers forming Panjnad are Chenab Satluj Jhelum Ravi and Beas These tributaries are the source of the name of the Punjab of South Asia the name is derived from the panch five and aab water hence the combination of the words Punjab means land with the water of five rivers The Indus is 3 610 kilometres 2 240 mi long The major rivers in Indus river system are in order of their length Indus 3 610 kilometres 2 240 mi Sutlej 1 372 kilometres 853 mi Chenab 1 090 kilometres 680 mi Jhelum 725 kilometres 450 mi Ravi 729 kilometres 453 mi Beas 484 kilometres 301 mi Shyok 216 kilometres 134 mi Zanskar 196 kilometres 122 mi Galwan 138 kilometres 86 mi tributary of ShyokAnnual flows and other data editIndia experiences an average precipitation of 1 170 millimetres 46 in per year or about 4 000 cubic kilometres 960 cu mi of rains annually 9 Some 80 percent of its area experiences rains of 50 inches 1 300 mm or more a year However this rain is not uniform in time or geography Most of the rains occur during its monsoon seasons June to September with the northeast and north receiving far more rains than India s west and south Other than rains the melting of snow year round over the Himalayas feeds the northern rivers to varying degrees The southern rivers however experience more flow variability over the year For the Himalayan basin this leads to flooding in some months and water scarcity in others Despite extensive river system safe clean drinking water as well as irrigation water supplies for sustainable agriculture are in shortage across India in part because it has as yet harnessed a small fraction of its available and recoverable surface water resource 10 India harnessed 761 cubic kilometres 183 cu mi 20 percent of its water resources in 2010 part of which came from unsustainable use of groundwater Of the water it withdrew from its rivers and groundwater wells India dedicated about 688 cubic kilometres 165 cu mi to irrigation 56 cubic kilometres 13 cu mi to municipal and drinking water applications and 17 cubic kilometres 4 1 cu mi to industry 9 According to 2011 report of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations India s basin wise distribution of catchment area and utilizable surface water resources is presented in the following table 9 Basin number River basin unit Region Draining into Catchment area of riverirrigated India Averagerunoff km3 Additional availablesurface water km3 1 1 Ganges GBM North nbsp Bangladesh 26 5 525 02 250 1 2 Brahmaputra GBM Northeast nbsp Bangladesh 6 537 24 24 1 3 Meghna Barak GBM East nbsp Bangladesh 1 5 48 36 2 Other Northeast rivers Northeast nbsp Myanmar nbsp Bangladesh 1 1 31 3 Subernarekha East southeast Bay of Bengal 0 9 12 37 4 Brahmani Baitarani East southeast Bay of Bengal 1 6 28 48 6 8 5 Mahanadi Central east Bay of Bengal 4 4 66 88 18 3 6 Godavari Central Bay of Bengal 9 7 110 54 50 7 Krishna Central Bay of Bengal 8 78 12 76 3 8 Pennar Southeast Bay of Bengal 1 7 6 32 58 9 Kaveri South Bay of Bengal 2 5 21 36 6 9 10 East flowing rivers between Mahanadi and Pennar Central east Bay of Bengal 2 7 22 52 19 12 East flowing rivers between Kanyakumari and Pennar Southeast Bay of Bengal 3 1 16 46 13 1 13 West flowing rivers between Tadri and Kanyakumari Southwest Arabian Sea 1 7 113 53 16 7 14 West flowing rivers between Tapi and Tadri Southwest Arabian Sea 1 7 87 41 24 3 15 Tapi Central west Arabian Sea 2 14 88 11 9 16 Narmada Central west Arabian Sea 3 1 45 64 14 5 17 Mahi Northwest Arabian Sea 1 1 11 02 34 5 18 Sabarmati Northwest Arabian Sea 0 7 3 81 3 1 19 West flowing rivers between Kutch and Saurashtra Northwest Arabian Sea 10 15 1 1 9 20 Rajasthan inland basin Northwest nbsp India 0 Negligible 15 21 Indus tributaries Northwest nbsp Pakistan 10 73 31 46 Total per International Treaty 100 1869 37The peninsular river system editThe main water divide in peninsular rivers is formed by the Western Ghats which run from north to south close to the western coast Most of the major rivers of the peninsula such as the Mahanadi the Godavari the Krishna and the Kaveri flow eastwards and drain into the Bay of Bengal These rivers make delta at their mouths The Narmada Sharavati Periyar and Tapti are the only long rivers which flow west and make estuaries nbsp This chart shows the tributaries and distributaries of major rivers of India The merging of cells to the right side each time indicates getting supply from a tributary and vice versa The bottom most row shows other rivers with no major helping rivers Saryu is an exception Flow of the rivers is assumed to be from left to right See also editIndian Rivers Inter link Amazon river basin Nile river basin Ganga Indus NethravatiReferences edit Sunil Vaidyanathan Rivers of India ISBN 978 8189738884 2012 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2015 05 14 Retrieved 2015 09 03 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link page no 361 Gupta S P ed 1995 The lost Sarasvati and the Indus Civilization Jodhpur Kusumanjali Prakashan Cultural Contours of India Dr Satya Prakash Felicitation Volume Vijai Shankar Srivastava 1981 ISBN 0391023586 Sahibi river Archived from the original on 2017 10 12 Retrieved 2017 06 18 Books Page 41 42 43 44 47 b Sahibi Nadi River River Pollution By A k jain Archived from the original on 2023 07 16 Retrieved 2023 03 17 Minerals and Metals in Ancient India Archaeological evidence Arun Kumar Biswas Sulekha Biswas University of Michigan 1996 ISBN 812460049X ganga INDIA WRIS WIKI India Wris Wiki 24 August 2021 Archived from the original on 16 July 2023 Retrieved 7 September 2023 a b c FAO India Rivers Catchment Archived 2014 04 11 at the Wayback Machine Aquastat United Nations 2011 K L Rao India s Water Wealth ISBN 978 8125007043 1979 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of major rivers of India amp oldid 1194132490, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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